diff --git a/code/X3DImporter_Geometry2D.cpp b/code/X3DImporter_Geometry2D.cpp
index 1073ad952..453313297 100644
--- a/code/X3DImporter_Geometry2D.cpp
+++ b/code/X3DImporter_Geometry2D.cpp
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ namespace Assimp
 // angle base unit has been specified). If startAngle and endAngle have the same value, a circle is specified.
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry2D_Arc2D()
 {
-std::string def, use;
-float endAngle = AI_MATH_HALF_PI_F;
-float radius = 1;
-float startAngle = 0;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string def, use;
+    float endAngle = AI_MATH_HALF_PI_F;
+    float radius = 1;
+    float startAngle = 0;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -125,13 +125,13 @@ CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
 // viewed from the +Z-axis, the texture is mapped onto each face with the same orientation as if the image were displayed normally in 2D.
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry2D_ArcClose2D()
 {
-std::string def, use;
-std::string closureType("PIE");
-float endAngle = AI_MATH_HALF_PI_F;
-float radius = 1;
-bool solid = false;
-float startAngle = 0;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string def, use;
+    std::string closureType("PIE");
+    float endAngle = AI_MATH_HALF_PI_F;
+    float radius = 1;
+    bool solid = false;
+    float startAngle = 0;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -187,9 +187,9 @@ CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
 // />
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry2D_Circle2D()
 {
-std::string def, use;
-float radius = 1;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string def, use;
+    float radius = 1;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -238,11 +238,11 @@ CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
 // the Disk2D, when viewed from the +Z-axis, the texture is mapped onto each face with the same orientation as if the image were displayed normally in 2D.
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry2D_Disk2D()
 {
-std::string def, use;
-float innerRadius = 0;
-float outerRadius = 1;
-bool solid = false;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string def, use;
+    float innerRadius = 0;
+    float outerRadius = 1;
+    bool solid = false;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -328,9 +328,9 @@ CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
 // />
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry2D_Polyline2D()
 {
-std::string def, use;
-std::list<aiVector2D> lineSegments;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string def, use;
+    std::list<aiVector2D> lineSegments;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -376,9 +376,9 @@ CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
 // />
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry2D_Polypoint2D()
 {
-std::string def, use;
-std::list<aiVector2D> point;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string def, use;
+    std::list<aiVector2D> point;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -421,10 +421,10 @@ CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
 // />
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry2D_Rectangle2D()
 {
-std::string def, use;
-aiVector2D size(2, 2);
-bool solid = false;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string def, use;
+    aiVector2D size(2, 2);
+    bool solid = false;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -473,10 +473,10 @@ CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
 // />
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry2D_TriangleSet2D()
 {
-std::string def, use;
-bool solid = false;
-std::list<aiVector2D> vertices;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string def, use;
+    bool solid = false;
+    std::list<aiVector2D> vertices;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
diff --git a/code/X3DImporter_Geometry3D.cpp b/code/X3DImporter_Geometry3D.cpp
index 1dced2e43..252593163 100644
--- a/code/X3DImporter_Geometry3D.cpp
+++ b/code/X3DImporter_Geometry3D.cpp
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ namespace Assimp
 // respectively and each component value shall be greater than zero.
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry3D_Box()
 {
-std::string def, use;
-bool solid = true;
-aiVector3D size(2, 2, 2);
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string def, use;
+    bool solid = true;
+    aiVector3D size(2, 2, 2);
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -110,13 +110,13 @@ CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
 // />
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry3D_Cone()
 {
-std::string use, def;
-bool bottom = true;
-float bottomRadius = 1;
-float height = 2;
-bool side = true;
-bool solid = true;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string use, def;
+    bool bottom = true;
+    float bottomRadius = 1;
+    float height = 2;
+    bool side = true;
+    bool solid = true;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -181,14 +181,14 @@ CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
 // />
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry3D_Cylinder()
 {
-std::string use, def;
-bool bottom = true;
-float height = 2;
-float radius = 1;
-bool side = true;
-bool solid = true;
-bool top = true;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string use, def;
+    bool bottom = true;
+    float height = 2;
+    float radius = 1;
+    bool side = true;
+    bool solid = true;
+    bool top = true;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -280,18 +280,18 @@ CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
 // If either the xDimension or the zDimension is less than two, the ElevationGrid contains no quadrilaterals.
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry3D_ElevationGrid()
 {
-std::string use, def;
-bool ccw = true;
-bool colorPerVertex = true;
-float creaseAngle = 0;
-std::list<float> height;
-bool normalPerVertex = true;
-bool solid = true;
-int32_t xDimension = 0;
-float xSpacing = 1;
-int32_t zDimension = 0;
-float zSpacing = 1;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string use, def;
+    bool ccw = true;
+    bool colorPerVertex = true;
+    float creaseAngle = 0;
+    std::list<float> height;
+    bool normalPerVertex = true;
+    bool solid = true;
+    int32_t xDimension = 0;
+    float xSpacing = 1;
+    int32_t zDimension = 0;
+    float zSpacing = 1;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
 template<typename TVector>
 static void GeometryHelper_Extrusion_CurveIsClosed(std::vector<TVector>& pCurve, const bool pDropTail, const bool pRemoveLastPoint, bool& pCurveIsClosed)
 {
-size_t cur_sz = pCurve.size();
+    size_t cur_sz = pCurve.size();
 
 	pCurveIsClosed = false;
 	// for curve with less than four points checking is have no sense,
@@ -461,9 +461,8 @@ size_t cur_sz = pCurve.size();
 
 static aiVector3D GeometryHelper_Extrusion_GetNextY(const size_t pSpine_PointIdx, const std::vector<aiVector3D>& pSpine, const bool pSpine_Closed)
 {
-const size_t spine_idx_last = pSpine.size() - 1;
-
-aiVector3D tvec;
+    const size_t spine_idx_last = pSpine.size() - 1;
+    aiVector3D tvec;
 
 	if((pSpine_PointIdx == 0) || (pSpine_PointIdx == spine_idx_last))// at first special cases
 	{
@@ -495,10 +494,10 @@ aiVector3D tvec;
 static aiVector3D GeometryHelper_Extrusion_GetNextZ(const size_t pSpine_PointIdx, const std::vector<aiVector3D>& pSpine, const bool pSpine_Closed,
 													const aiVector3D pVecZ_Prev)
 {
-const aiVector3D zero_vec(0);
-const size_t spine_idx_last = pSpine.size() - 1;
+    const aiVector3D zero_vec(0);
+    const size_t spine_idx_last = pSpine.size() - 1;
 
-aiVector3D tvec;
+    aiVector3D tvec;
 
 	// at first special cases
 	if(pSpine.size() < 3)// spine have not enough points for vector calculations.
@@ -572,18 +571,18 @@ aiVector3D tvec;
 // />
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry3D_Extrusion()
 {
-std::string use, def;
-bool beginCap = true;
-bool ccw = true;
-bool convex = true;
-float creaseAngle = 0;
-std::vector<aiVector2D> crossSection;
-bool endCap = true;
-std::vector<float> orientation;
-std::vector<aiVector2D> scale;
-bool solid = true;
-std::vector<aiVector3D> spine;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string use, def;
+    bool beginCap = true;
+    bool ccw = true;
+    bool convex = true;
+    float creaseAngle = 0;
+    std::vector<aiVector2D> crossSection;
+    bool endCap = true;
+    std::vector<float> orientation;
+    std::vector<aiVector2D> scale;
+    bool solid = true;
+    std::vector<aiVector3D> spine;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -855,18 +854,18 @@ CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
 // </IndexedFaceSet>
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry3D_IndexedFaceSet()
 {
-std::string use, def;
-bool ccw = true;
-std::list<int32_t> colorIndex;
-bool colorPerVertex = true;
-bool convex = true;
-std::list<int32_t> coordIndex;
-float creaseAngle = 0;
-std::list<int32_t> normalIndex;
-bool normalPerVertex = true;
-bool solid = true;
-std::list<int32_t> texCoordIndex;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string use, def;
+    bool ccw = true;
+    std::list<int32_t> colorIndex;
+    bool colorPerVertex = true;
+    bool convex = true;
+    std::list<int32_t> coordIndex;
+    float creaseAngle = 0;
+    std::list<int32_t> normalIndex;
+    bool normalPerVertex = true;
+    bool solid = true;
+    std::list<int32_t> texCoordIndex;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -942,10 +941,10 @@ CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
 // />
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Geometry3D_Sphere()
 {
-std::string use, def;
-float radius = 1;
-bool solid = true;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string use, def;
+    float radius = 1;
+    bool solid = true;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
diff --git a/code/X3DImporter_Group.cpp b/code/X3DImporter_Group.cpp
index fa8b3b96e..e476ba58b 100644
--- a/code/X3DImporter_Group.cpp
+++ b/code/X3DImporter_Group.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ namespace Assimp
 // A Group node contains children nodes without introducing a new transformation. It is equivalent to a Transform node containing an identity transform.
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Grouping_Group()
 {
-std::string def, use;
+    std::string def, use;
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Grouping_GroupEnd()
 // contain any USE references outside the StaticGroup.
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Grouping_StaticGroup()
 {
-std::string def, use;
+    std::string def, use;
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Grouping_StaticGroupEnd()
 // is chosen.
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Grouping_Switch()
 {
-std::string def, use;
-int32_t whichChoice = -1;
+    std::string def, use;
+    int32_t whichChoice = -1;
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -220,13 +220,13 @@ void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Grouping_SwitchEnd()
 //   P' = T * C * R * SR * S * -SR * -C * P
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Grouping_Transform()
 {
-aiVector3D center(0, 0, 0);
-float rotation[4] = {0, 0, 1, 0};
-aiVector3D scale(1, 1, 1);// A value of zero indicates that any child geometry shall not be displayed
-float scale_orientation[4] = {0, 0, 1, 0};
-aiVector3D translation(0, 0, 0);
-aiMatrix4x4 matr, tmatr;
-std::string use, def;
+    aiVector3D center(0, 0, 0);
+    float rotation[4] = {0, 0, 1, 0};
+    aiVector3D scale(1, 1, 1);// A value of zero indicates that any child geometry shall not be displayed
+    float scale_orientation[4] = {0, 0, 1, 0};
+    aiVector3D translation(0, 0, 0);
+    aiMatrix4x4 matr, tmatr;
+    std::string use, def;
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -248,11 +248,13 @@ std::string use, def;
 		if(an == "scaleOrientation")
 		{
 			std::vector<float> tvec;
-
 			XML_ReadNode_GetAttrVal_AsArrF(idx, tvec);
-			if(tvec.size() != 4) throw DeadlyImportError("<Transform>: scaleOrientation vector must have 4 elements.");
+            if ( tvec.size() != 4 )
+            {
+                throw DeadlyImportError( "<Transform>: scaleOrientation vector must have 4 elements." );
+            }
 
-			memcpy(scale_orientation, tvec.data(), sizeof(scale_orientation));
+			::memcpy(scale_orientation, tvec.data(), sizeof(scale_orientation) );
 
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -262,7 +264,7 @@ std::string use, def;
 	// if "USE" defined then find already defined element.
 	if(!use.empty())
 	{
-		CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+		CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 		MACRO_USE_CHECKANDAPPLY(def, use, ENET_Group, ne);
 	}
@@ -270,12 +272,15 @@ std::string use, def;
 	{
 		ParseHelper_Group_Begin();// create new grouping element and go deeper if node has children.
 		// at this place new group mode created and made current, so we can name it.
-		if(!def.empty()) NodeElement_Cur->ID = def;
+        if ( !def.empty() )
+        {
+            NodeElement_Cur->ID = def;
+        }
 
 		//
 		// also set values specific to this type of group
 		//
-		// calculate tranformation matrix
+		// calculate transformation matrix
 		aiMatrix4x4::Translation(translation, matr);// T
 		aiMatrix4x4::Translation(center, tmatr);// C
 		matr *= tmatr;
@@ -294,7 +299,10 @@ std::string use, def;
 		// in grouping set of nodes check X3DMetadataObject is not needed, because it is done in <Scene> parser function.
 
 		// for empty element exit from node in that place
-		if(mReader->isEmptyElement()) ParseHelper_Node_Exit();
+        if ( mReader->isEmptyElement() )
+        {
+            ParseHelper_Node_Exit();
+        }
 	}// if(!use.empty()) else
 }
 
diff --git a/code/X3DImporter_Light.cpp b/code/X3DImporter_Light.cpp
index 99b7565bb..1816696d1 100644
--- a/code/X3DImporter_Light.cpp
+++ b/code/X3DImporter_Light.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Lighting_DirectionalLight()
     bool global = false;
     float intensity = 1;
     bool on = true;
-    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Lighting_PointLight()
     aiVector3D location( 0, 0, 0 );
     bool on = true;
     float radius = 100;
-    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ void X3DImporter::ParseNode_Lighting_SpotLight()
     aiVector3D location( 0, 0, 0 );
     bool on = true;
     float radius = 100;
-    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
diff --git a/code/X3DImporter_Metadata.cpp b/code/X3DImporter_Metadata.cpp
index 7346cf9e0..1f57d9f63 100644
--- a/code/X3DImporter_Metadata.cpp
+++ b/code/X3DImporter_Metadata.cpp
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ void X3DImporter::ParseNode_MetadataBoolean()
     std::string def, use;
     std::string name, reference;
     std::list<bool> value;
-    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ void X3DImporter::ParseNode_MetadataDouble()
     std::string def, use;
     std::string name, reference;
     std::list<double> value;
-    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -168,10 +168,10 @@ void X3DImporter::ParseNode_MetadataDouble()
 // />
 void X3DImporter::ParseNode_MetadataFloat()
 {
-std::string def, use;
-std::string name, reference;
-std::list<float> value;
-CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    std::string def, use;
+    std::string name, reference;
+    std::list<float> value;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ void X3DImporter::ParseNode_MetadataInteger()
     std::string def, use;
     std::string name, reference;
     std::list<int32_t> value;
-    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ void X3DImporter::ParseNode_MetadataSet()
 {
     std::string def, use;
     std::string name, reference;
-    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ void X3DImporter::ParseNode_MetadataString()
     std::string def, use;
     std::string name, reference;
     std::list<std::string> value;
-    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne;
+    CX3DImporter_NodeElement* ne( nullptr );
 
 	MACRO_ATTRREAD_LOOPBEG;
 		MACRO_ATTRREAD_CHECKUSEDEF_RET(def, use);