entt/test/entt/entity/storage.cpp

#include <exception>
#include <iterator>
#include <memory>
#include <type_traits>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include <entt/entity/component.hpp>
#include <entt/entity/storage.hpp>
#include "../common/throwing_allocator.hpp"
#include "../common/throwing_type.hpp"

struct empty_stable_type {};

struct boxed_int {
    int value;
};

struct stable_type {
    int value;
};

struct non_default_constructible {
    non_default_constructible() = delete;

    non_default_constructible(int v)
        : value{v} {}

    int value;
};

struct update_from_destructor {
    update_from_destructor(entt::storage<update_from_destructor> &ref, entt::entity other)
        : storage{&ref},
          target{other} {}

    update_from_destructor(update_from_destructor &&other) ENTT_NOEXCEPT
        : storage{std::exchange(other.storage, nullptr)},
          target{std::exchange(other.target, entt::null)} {}

    update_from_destructor &operator=(update_from_destructor &&other) ENTT_NOEXCEPT {
        storage = std::exchange(other.storage, nullptr);
        target = std::exchange(other.target, entt::null);
        return *this;
    }

    ~update_from_destructor() {
        if(target != entt::null && storage->contains(target)) {
            storage->erase(target);
        }
    }

private:
    entt::storage<update_from_destructor> *storage{};
    entt::entity target{entt::null};
};

template<>
struct entt::component_traits<stable_type>: basic_component_traits {
    static constexpr auto in_place_delete = true;
};

template<>
struct entt::component_traits<empty_stable_type>: basic_component_traits {
    static constexpr auto in_place_delete = true;
};

bool operator==(const boxed_int &lhs, const boxed_int &rhs) {
    return lhs.value == rhs.value;
}

TEST(Storage, Functionalities) {
    entt::storage<int> pool;

    ASSERT_NO_THROW([[maybe_unused]] auto alloc = pool.get_allocator());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.type(), entt::type_id<int>());

    pool.reserve(42);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), ENTT_PACKED_PAGE);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 0u);
    ASSERT_EQ(std::as_const(pool).begin(), std::as_const(pool).end());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.begin(), pool.end());
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{0}));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{41}));

    pool.reserve(0);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), ENTT_PACKED_PAGE);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{41}, 3);

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 1u);
    ASSERT_NE(std::as_const(pool).begin(), std::as_const(pool).end());
    ASSERT_NE(pool.begin(), pool.end());
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{0}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entt::entity{41}));

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{41}), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(std::as_const(pool).get(entt::entity{41}), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get_as_tuple(entt::entity{41}), std::make_tuple(3));
    ASSERT_EQ(std::as_const(pool).get_as_tuple(entt::entity{41}), std::make_tuple(3));

    pool.erase(entt::entity{41});

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 0u);
    ASSERT_EQ(std::as_const(pool).begin(), std::as_const(pool).end());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.begin(), pool.end());
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{0}));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{41}));

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{41}, 12);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{41}), 12);
    ASSERT_EQ(std::as_const(pool).get(entt::entity{41}), 12);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get_as_tuple(entt::entity{41}), std::make_tuple(12));
    ASSERT_EQ(std::as_const(pool).get_as_tuple(entt::entity{41}), std::make_tuple(12));

    pool.clear();

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 0u);
    ASSERT_EQ(std::as_const(pool).begin(), std::as_const(pool).end());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.begin(), pool.end());
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{0}));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{41}));

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), ENTT_PACKED_PAGE);

    pool.shrink_to_fit();

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), 0u);
}

TEST(Storage, Move) {
    entt::storage<int> pool;
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{3}, 3);

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::is_move_constructible_v<decltype(pool)>);
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::is_move_assignable_v<decltype(pool)>);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.type(), entt::type_id<int>());

    entt::storage<int> other{std::move(pool)};

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_FALSE(other.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(other.type(), entt::type_id<int>());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(0u), static_cast<entt::entity>(entt::null));
    ASSERT_EQ(other.at(0u), entt::entity{3});
    ASSERT_EQ(other.get(entt::entity{3}), 3);

    pool = std::move(other);

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_TRUE(other.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(0u), entt::entity{3});
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{3}), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(other.at(0u), static_cast<entt::entity>(entt::null));

    other = entt::storage<int>{};
    other.emplace(entt::entity{42}, 42);
    other = std::move(pool);

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_FALSE(other.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(0u), static_cast<entt::entity>(entt::null));
    ASSERT_EQ(other.at(0u), entt::entity{3});
    ASSERT_EQ(other.get(entt::entity{3}), 3);
}

TEST(Storage, Swap) {
    entt::storage<int> pool;
    entt::storage<int> other;

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{42}, 41);

    other.emplace(entt::entity{9}, 8);
    other.emplace(entt::entity{3}, 2);
    other.erase(entt::entity{9});

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(other.size(), 1u);

    pool.swap(other);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.type(), entt::type_id<int>());
    ASSERT_EQ(other.type(), entt::type_id<int>());

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(other.size(), 1u);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(0u), entt::entity{3});
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{3}), 2);

    ASSERT_EQ(other.at(0u), entt::entity{42});
    ASSERT_EQ(other.get(entt::entity{42}), 41);
}

TEST(Storage, StableSwap) {
    entt::storage<stable_type> pool;
    entt::storage<stable_type> other;

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{42}, 41);

    other.emplace(entt::entity{9}, 8);
    other.emplace(entt::entity{3}, 2);
    other.erase(entt::entity{9});

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(other.size(), 2u);

    pool.swap(other);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.type(), entt::type_id<stable_type>());
    ASSERT_EQ(other.type(), entt::type_id<stable_type>());

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 2u);
    ASSERT_EQ(other.size(), 1u);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(1u), entt::entity{3});
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{3}).value, 2);

    ASSERT_EQ(other.at(0u), entt::entity{42});
    ASSERT_EQ(other.get(entt::entity{42}).value, 41);
}

TEST(Storage, EmptyType) {
    entt::storage<empty_stable_type> pool;
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{99});

    ASSERT_NO_THROW([[maybe_unused]] auto alloc = pool.get_allocator());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.type(), entt::type_id<empty_stable_type>());

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entt::entity{99}));
    ASSERT_DEATH(pool.get(entt::entity{}), "");

    entt::storage<empty_stable_type> other{std::move(pool)};

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{99}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(other.contains(entt::entity{99}));

    pool = std::move(other);

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entt::entity{99}));
    ASSERT_FALSE(other.contains(entt::entity{99}));
}

TEST(Storage, Insert) {
    entt::storage<stable_type> pool;
    entt::entity entities[2u]{entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{42}};
    pool.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities), stable_type{99});

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 2u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[0u]).value, 99);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[1u]).value, 99);

    pool.erase(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities));
    const stable_type values[2u] = {stable_type{42}, stable_type{3}};
    pool.insert(std::rbegin(entities), std::rend(entities), std::begin(values));

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 2u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(0u), entities[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(1u), entities[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[0u]), 0u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[1u]), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[0u]).value, 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[1u]).value, 42);
}

TEST(Storage, InsertEmptyType) {
    entt::storage<empty_stable_type> pool;
    entt::entity entities[2u]{entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{42}};

    pool.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities));

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 2u);

    pool.erase(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities));
    const empty_stable_type values[2u]{};
    pool.insert(std::rbegin(entities), std::rend(entities), std::begin(values));

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 2u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(0u), entities[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(1u), entities[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[0u]), 0u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[1u]), 1u);
}

TEST(Storage, Erase) {
    entt::storage<int> pool;
    entt::entity entities[3u]{entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{42}, entt::entity{9}};

    pool.emplace(entities[0u]);
    pool.emplace(entities[1u]);
    pool.emplace(entities[2u]);
    pool.erase(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities));

    ASSERT_DEATH(pool.erase(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities)), "");
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());

    pool.emplace(entities[0u], 0);
    pool.emplace(entities[1u], 1);
    pool.emplace(entities[2u], 2);
    pool.erase(entities, entities + 2u);

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(*pool.begin(), 2);

    pool.erase(entities[2u]);

    ASSERT_DEATH(pool.erase(entities[2u]), "");
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());

    pool.emplace(entities[0u], 0);
    pool.emplace(entities[1u], 1);
    pool.emplace(entities[2u], 2);
    std::swap(entities[1u], entities[2u]);
    pool.erase(entities, entities + 2u);

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(*pool.begin(), 1);
}

TEST(Storage, StableErase) {
    entt::storage<stable_type> pool;
    entt::entity entities[3u]{entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{42}, entt::entity{9}};

    ASSERT_DEATH([[maybe_unused]] auto &&value = pool.get(entt::tombstone), "");
    ASSERT_DEATH([[maybe_unused]] auto &&value = pool.get(entt::null), "");

    pool.emplace(entities[0u], stable_type{0});
    pool.emplace(entities[1u], stable_type{1});
    pool.emplace(entities[2u], stable_type{2});

    pool.erase(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities));

    ASSERT_DEATH(pool.erase(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities)), "");
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 3u);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.at(2u) == entt::tombstone);
    ASSERT_DEATH([[maybe_unused]] auto &&value = pool.get(entt::tombstone), "");
    ASSERT_DEATH([[maybe_unused]] auto &&value = pool.get(entt::null), "");
    ASSERT_DEATH([[maybe_unused]] auto &&value = pool.get(entities[1u]), "");

    pool.emplace(entities[2u], stable_type{2});
    pool.emplace(entities[0u], stable_type{0});
    pool.emplace(entities[1u], stable_type{1});

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[0u]).value, 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[1u]).value, 1);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[2u]).value, 2);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.begin()->value, 2);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[0u]), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[1u]), 0u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[2u]), 2u);

    pool.erase(entities, entities + 2u);

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 3u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.begin()->value, 2);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[2u]), 2u);

    pool.erase(entities[2u]);

    ASSERT_DEATH(pool.erase(entities[2u]), "");
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 3u);
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[2u]));

    pool.emplace(entities[0u], stable_type{0});
    pool.emplace(entities[1u], stable_type{1});
    pool.emplace(entities[2u], stable_type{2});
    std::swap(entities[1u], entities[2u]);
    pool.erase(entities, entities + 2u);

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 3u);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[2u]));
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[2u]), 0u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[2u]).value, 1);

    pool.compact();

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.begin()->value, 1);

    pool.clear();

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 1u);

    pool.compact();

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 0u);

    pool.emplace(entities[0u], stable_type{0});
    pool.emplace(entities[1u], stable_type{2});
    pool.emplace(entities[2u], stable_type{1});
    pool.erase(entities[2u]);

    ASSERT_DEATH(pool.erase(entities[2u]), "");

    pool.erase(entities[0u]);
    pool.erase(entities[1u]);

    ASSERT_DEATH(pool.erase(entities, entities + 2u), "");
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 3u);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.at(2u) == entt::tombstone);

    pool.emplace(entities[0u], stable_type{99});

    ASSERT_EQ((++pool.begin())->value, 99);

    pool.emplace(entities[1u], stable_type{2});
    pool.emplace(entities[2u], stable_type{1});
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{0}, stable_type{7});

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 4u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.begin()->value, 7);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(0u), entities[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(1u), entities[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(2u), entities[2u]);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[0u]).value, 99);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[1u]).value, 2);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[2u]).value, 1);
}

TEST(Storage, Remove) {
    entt::storage<int> pool;
    entt::entity entities[3u]{entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{42}, entt::entity{9}};

    pool.emplace(entities[0u]);
    pool.emplace(entities[1u]);
    pool.emplace(entities[2u]);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities)), 3u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities)), 0u);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());

    pool.emplace(entities[0u], 0);
    pool.emplace(entities[1u], 1);
    pool.emplace(entities[2u], 2);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities, entities + 2u), 2u);
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(*pool.begin(), 2);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities[2u]), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities[2u]), 0u);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());

    pool.emplace(entities[0u], 0);
    pool.emplace(entities[1u], 1);
    pool.emplace(entities[2u], 2);
    std::swap(entities[1u], entities[2u]);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities, entities + 2u), 2u);
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(*pool.begin(), 1);
}

TEST(Storage, StableRemove) {
    entt::storage<stable_type> pool;
    entt::entity entities[3u]{entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{42}, entt::entity{9}};

    pool.emplace(entities[0u], stable_type{0});
    pool.emplace(entities[1u], stable_type{1});
    pool.emplace(entities[2u], stable_type{2});

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities)), 3u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities)), 0u);
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 3u);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.at(2u) == entt::tombstone);
    ASSERT_DEATH([[maybe_unused]] auto &&value = pool.get(entt::tombstone), "");
    ASSERT_DEATH([[maybe_unused]] auto &&value = pool.get(entt::null), "");
    ASSERT_DEATH([[maybe_unused]] auto &&value = pool.get(entities[1u]), "");

    pool.emplace(entities[2u], stable_type{2});
    pool.emplace(entities[0u], stable_type{0});
    pool.emplace(entities[1u], stable_type{1});

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[0u]).value, 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[1u]).value, 1);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[2u]).value, 2);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.begin()->value, 2);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[0u]), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[1u]), 0u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[2u]), 2u);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities, entities + 2u), 2u);
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 3u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.begin()->value, 2);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[2u]), 2u);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities[2u]), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities[2u]), 0u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities[2u]), 0u);
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 3u);
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[2u]));

    pool.emplace(entities[0u], stable_type{0});
    pool.emplace(entities[1u], stable_type{1});
    pool.emplace(entities[2u], stable_type{2});
    std::swap(entities[1u], entities[2u]);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities, entities + 2u), 2u);
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 3u);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[2u]));
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entities[2u]), 0u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[2u]).value, 1);

    pool.compact();

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.begin()->value, 1);

    pool.clear();

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 1u);

    pool.compact();

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 0u);

    pool.emplace(entities[0u], stable_type{0});
    pool.emplace(entities[1u], stable_type{2});
    pool.emplace(entities[2u], stable_type{1});

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities[2u]), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities[2u]), 0u);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities[0u]), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities[1u]), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.remove(entities, entities + 2u), 0u);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 3u);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.at(2u) == entt::tombstone);

    pool.emplace(entities[0u], stable_type{99});

    ASSERT_EQ((++pool.begin())->value, 99);

    pool.emplace(entities[1u], stable_type{2});
    pool.emplace(entities[2u], stable_type{1});
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{0}, stable_type{7});

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 4u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.begin()->value, 7);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(0u), entities[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(1u), entities[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(2u), entities[2u]);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[0u]).value, 99);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[1u]).value, 2);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[2u]).value, 1);
}

TEST(Storage, TypeFromBase) {
    entt::storage<int> pool;
    entt::sparse_set &base = pool;
    entt::entity entities[2u]{entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{42}};

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.type(), entt::type_id<int>());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.type(), base.type());

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));

    int instance = 42;

    ASSERT_TRUE(base.emplace(entities[0u], &instance));

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));
    ASSERT_EQ(base.get(entities[0u]), &pool.get(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[0u]), 42);

    base.erase(entities[0u]);

    ASSERT_EQ(base.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities)), 2u);

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[0u]), 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entities[1u]), 0);

    base.erase(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities));

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());
}

TEST(Storage, EmptyTypeFromBase) {
    entt::storage<empty_stable_type> pool;
    entt::sparse_set &base = pool;
    entt::entity entities[2u]{entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{42}};

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.type(), entt::type_id<empty_stable_type>());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.type(), base.type());

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));

    empty_stable_type instance{};

    ASSERT_TRUE(base.emplace(entities[0u], &instance));

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));
    ASSERT_EQ(base.get(entities[0u]), nullptr);

    base.erase(entities[0u]);

    ASSERT_EQ(base.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities)), 2u);

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));

    base.erase(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities));

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 2u);
    ASSERT_TRUE(*base.begin() == entt::tombstone);
    ASSERT_TRUE(*(++base.begin()) == entt::tombstone);
}

TEST(Storage, NonDefaultConstructibleTypeFromBase) {
    entt::storage<non_default_constructible> pool;
    entt::sparse_set &base = pool;
    entt::entity entities[2u]{entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{42}};

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.type(), entt::type_id<non_default_constructible>());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.type(), base.type());

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));

    ASSERT_FALSE(base.emplace(entities[0u]));

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));
    ASSERT_EQ(base.find(entities[0u]), base.end());
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());

    non_default_constructible instance{3};

    ASSERT_TRUE(base.emplace(entities[0u], &instance));

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));

    base.erase(entities[0u]);

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));

    ASSERT_EQ(base.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities)), 0u);

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));
    ASSERT_EQ(base.find(entities[0u]), base.end());
    ASSERT_EQ(base.find(entities[1u]), base.end());
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());
}

TEST(Storage, NonCopyConstructibleTypeFromBase) {
    entt::storage<std::unique_ptr<int>> pool;
    entt::sparse_set &base = pool;
    entt::entity entities[2u]{entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{42}};

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.type(), entt::type_id<std::unique_ptr<int>>());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.type(), base.type());

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));

    ASSERT_TRUE(base.emplace(entities[0u]));

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));
    ASSERT_NE(base.find(entities[0u]), base.end());
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());

    std::unique_ptr<int> instance = std::make_unique<int>(3);

    ASSERT_FALSE(base.emplace(entities[1u], &instance));

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));

    base.erase(entities[0u]);

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));

    ASSERT_EQ(base.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities)), 2u);

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[0u]));
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entities[1u]));
    ASSERT_NE(base.find(entities[0u]), base.end());
    ASSERT_NE(base.find(entities[1u]), base.end());
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
}

TEST(Storage, Compact) {
    entt::storage<stable_type> pool;

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 0u);

    pool.compact();

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 0u);

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{0}, stable_type{0});
    pool.compact();

    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 1u);

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{42}, stable_type{42});
    pool.erase(entt::entity{0});

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 2u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entt::entity{42}), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{42}).value, 42);

    pool.compact();

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entt::entity{42}), 0u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{42}).value, 42);

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{0}, stable_type{0});
    pool.compact();

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 2u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entt::entity{42}), 0u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.index(entt::entity{0}), 1u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{42}).value, 42);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{0}).value, 0);

    pool.erase(entt::entity{0});
    pool.erase(entt::entity{42});
    pool.compact();

    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());
}

TEST(Storage, ShrinkToFit) {
    entt::storage<int> pool;

    for(std::size_t next{}; next < ENTT_PACKED_PAGE; ++next) {
        pool.emplace(entt::entity(next));
    }

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{ENTT_PACKED_PAGE});
    pool.erase(entt::entity{ENTT_PACKED_PAGE});

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), 2 * ENTT_PACKED_PAGE);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), ENTT_PACKED_PAGE);

    pool.shrink_to_fit();

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), ENTT_PACKED_PAGE);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), ENTT_PACKED_PAGE);

    pool.clear();

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), ENTT_PACKED_PAGE);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 0u);

    pool.shrink_to_fit();

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), 0u);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 0u);
}

TEST(Storage, AggregatesMustWork) {
    struct aggregate_type {
        int value;
    };

    // the goal of this test is to enforce the requirements for aggregate types
    entt::storage<aggregate_type>{}.emplace(entt::entity{0}, 42);
}

TEST(Storage, TypesFromStandardTemplateLibraryMustWork) {
    // see #37 - this test shouldn't crash, that's all
    entt::storage<std::unordered_set<int>> pool;
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{0}).insert(42);
    pool.erase(entt::entity{0});
}

TEST(Storage, Iterator) {
    using iterator = typename entt::storage<boxed_int>::iterator;

    static_assert(std::is_same_v<iterator::value_type, boxed_int>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<iterator::pointer, boxed_int *>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<iterator::reference, boxed_int &>);

    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{3}, 42);

    iterator end{pool.begin()};
    iterator begin{};
    begin = pool.end();
    std::swap(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(begin, pool.begin());
    ASSERT_EQ(end, pool.end());
    ASSERT_NE(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(begin++, pool.begin());
    ASSERT_EQ(begin--, pool.end());

    ASSERT_EQ(begin + 1, pool.end());
    ASSERT_EQ(end - 1, pool.begin());

    ASSERT_EQ(++begin, pool.end());
    ASSERT_EQ(--begin, pool.begin());

    ASSERT_EQ(begin += 1, pool.end());
    ASSERT_EQ(begin -= 1, pool.begin());

    ASSERT_EQ(begin + (end - begin), pool.end());
    ASSERT_EQ(begin - (begin - end), pool.end());

    ASSERT_EQ(end - (end - begin), pool.begin());
    ASSERT_EQ(end + (begin - end), pool.begin());

    ASSERT_EQ(begin[0u].value, pool.begin()->value);

    ASSERT_LT(begin, end);
    ASSERT_LE(begin, pool.begin());

    ASSERT_GT(end, begin);
    ASSERT_GE(end, pool.end());

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{42}, 3);
    begin = pool.begin();

    ASSERT_EQ(begin[0u], boxed_int{3});
    ASSERT_EQ(begin[1u], boxed_int{42});
}

TEST(Storage, ConstIterator) {
    using iterator = typename entt::storage<boxed_int>::const_iterator;

    static_assert(std::is_same_v<iterator::value_type, boxed_int>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<iterator::pointer, const boxed_int *>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<iterator::reference, const boxed_int &>);

    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{3}, 42);

    iterator cend{pool.cbegin()};
    iterator cbegin{};
    cbegin = pool.cend();
    std::swap(cbegin, cend);

    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin, pool.cbegin());
    ASSERT_EQ(cend, pool.cend());
    ASSERT_NE(cbegin, cend);

    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin++, pool.cbegin());
    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin--, pool.cend());

    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin + 1, pool.cend());
    ASSERT_EQ(cend - 1, pool.cbegin());

    ASSERT_EQ(++cbegin, pool.cend());
    ASSERT_EQ(--cbegin, pool.cbegin());

    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin += 1, pool.cend());
    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin -= 1, pool.cbegin());

    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin + (cend - cbegin), pool.cend());
    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin - (cbegin - cend), pool.cend());

    ASSERT_EQ(cend - (cend - cbegin), pool.cbegin());
    ASSERT_EQ(cend + (cbegin - cend), pool.cbegin());

    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin[0u].value, pool.cbegin()->value);

    ASSERT_LT(cbegin, cend);
    ASSERT_LE(cbegin, pool.cbegin());

    ASSERT_GT(cend, cbegin);
    ASSERT_GE(cend, pool.cend());

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{42}, 3);
    cbegin = pool.cbegin();

    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin[0u], boxed_int{3});
    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin[1u], boxed_int{42});
}

TEST(Storage, ReverseIterator) {
    using reverse_iterator = typename entt::storage<boxed_int>::reverse_iterator;

    static_assert(std::is_same_v<reverse_iterator::value_type, boxed_int>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<reverse_iterator::pointer, boxed_int *>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<reverse_iterator::reference, boxed_int &>);

    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{3}, 42);

    reverse_iterator end{pool.rbegin()};
    reverse_iterator begin{};
    begin = pool.rend();
    std::swap(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(begin, pool.rbegin());
    ASSERT_EQ(end, pool.rend());
    ASSERT_NE(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(begin++, pool.rbegin());
    ASSERT_EQ(begin--, pool.rend());

    ASSERT_EQ(begin + 1, pool.rend());
    ASSERT_EQ(end - 1, pool.rbegin());

    ASSERT_EQ(++begin, pool.rend());
    ASSERT_EQ(--begin, pool.rbegin());

    ASSERT_EQ(begin += 1, pool.rend());
    ASSERT_EQ(begin -= 1, pool.rbegin());

    ASSERT_EQ(begin + (end - begin), pool.rend());
    ASSERT_EQ(begin - (begin - end), pool.rend());

    ASSERT_EQ(end - (end - begin), pool.rbegin());
    ASSERT_EQ(end + (begin - end), pool.rbegin());

    ASSERT_EQ(begin[0u].value, pool.rbegin()->value);

    ASSERT_LT(begin, end);
    ASSERT_LE(begin, pool.rbegin());

    ASSERT_GT(end, begin);
    ASSERT_GE(end, pool.rend());

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{42}, 3);
    begin = pool.rbegin();

    ASSERT_EQ(begin[0u], boxed_int{42});
    ASSERT_EQ(begin[1u], boxed_int{3});
}

TEST(Storage, ConstReverseIterator) {
    using const_reverse_iterator = typename entt::storage<boxed_int>::const_reverse_iterator;

    static_assert(std::is_same_v<const_reverse_iterator::value_type, boxed_int>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<const_reverse_iterator::pointer, const boxed_int *>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<const_reverse_iterator::reference, const boxed_int &>);

    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{3}, 42);

    const_reverse_iterator cend{pool.crbegin()};
    const_reverse_iterator cbegin{};
    cbegin = pool.crend();
    std::swap(cbegin, cend);

    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin, pool.crbegin());
    ASSERT_EQ(cend, pool.crend());
    ASSERT_NE(cbegin, cend);

    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin++, pool.crbegin());
    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin--, pool.crend());

    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin + 1, pool.crend());
    ASSERT_EQ(cend - 1, pool.crbegin());

    ASSERT_EQ(++cbegin, pool.crend());
    ASSERT_EQ(--cbegin, pool.crbegin());

    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin += 1, pool.crend());
    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin -= 1, pool.crbegin());

    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin + (cend - cbegin), pool.crend());
    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin - (cbegin - cend), pool.crend());

    ASSERT_EQ(cend - (cend - cbegin), pool.crbegin());
    ASSERT_EQ(cend + (cbegin - cend), pool.crbegin());

    ASSERT_EQ(cbegin[0u].value, pool.crbegin()->value);

    ASSERT_LT(cbegin, cend);
    ASSERT_LE(cbegin, pool.crbegin());

    ASSERT_GT(cend, cbegin);
    ASSERT_GE(cend, pool.crend());
}

TEST(Storage, IteratorConversion) {
    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{3}, 42);

    typename entt::storage<boxed_int>::iterator it = pool.begin();
    typename entt::storage<boxed_int>::const_iterator cit = it;

    static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(*it), boxed_int &>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(*cit), const boxed_int &>);

    ASSERT_EQ(it->value, 42);
    ASSERT_EQ(it->value, cit->value);

    ASSERT_EQ(it - cit, 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(cit - it, 0);
    ASSERT_LE(it, cit);
    ASSERT_LE(cit, it);
    ASSERT_GE(it, cit);
    ASSERT_GE(cit, it);
    ASSERT_EQ(it, cit);
    ASSERT_NE(++cit, it);
}

TEST(Storage, Iterable) {
    using iterator = typename entt::storage<boxed_int>::iterable::iterator;

    static_assert(std::is_same_v<iterator::value_type, std::tuple<entt::entity, boxed_int &>>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<iterator::value_type, std::tuple<entt::entity, boxed_int &>>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<typename iterator::pointer, entt::input_iterator_pointer<std::tuple<entt::entity, boxed_int &>>>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<typename iterator::reference, typename iterator::value_type>);

    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{1}, 99);
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{3}, 42);
    auto iterable = pool.each();

    iterator end{iterable.begin()};
    iterator begin{};
    begin = iterable.end();
    std::swap(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(begin, iterable.begin());
    ASSERT_EQ(end, iterable.end());
    ASSERT_NE(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(std::get<0>(*begin.operator->().operator->()), entt::entity{3});
    ASSERT_EQ(std::get<1>(*begin.operator->().operator->()), boxed_int{42});
    ASSERT_EQ(std::get<0>(*begin), entt::entity{3});
    ASSERT_EQ(std::get<1>(*begin), boxed_int{42});

    ASSERT_EQ(begin++, iterable.begin());
    ASSERT_EQ(++begin, iterable.end());

    for(auto [entity, element]: iterable) {
        static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(entity), entt::entity>);
        static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(element), boxed_int &>);
        ASSERT_TRUE(entity != entt::entity{1} || element == boxed_int{99});
        ASSERT_TRUE(entity != entt::entity{3} || element == boxed_int{42});
    }
}

TEST(Storage, ConstIterable) {
    using iterator = typename entt::storage<boxed_int>::const_iterable::const_iterator;

    static_assert(std::is_same_v<iterator::value_type, std::tuple<entt::entity, const boxed_int &>>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<iterator::value_type, std::tuple<entt::entity, const boxed_int &>>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<typename iterator::pointer, entt::input_iterator_pointer<std::tuple<entt::entity, const boxed_int &>>>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<typename iterator::reference, typename iterator::value_type>);

    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{1}, 99);
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{3}, 42);
    auto iterable = std::as_const(pool).each();

    iterator end{iterable.cbegin()};
    iterator begin{};
    begin = iterable.cend();
    std::swap(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(begin, iterable.cbegin());
    ASSERT_EQ(end, iterable.cend());
    ASSERT_NE(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(std::get<0>(*begin.operator->().operator->()), entt::entity{3});
    ASSERT_EQ(std::get<1>(*begin.operator->().operator->()), boxed_int{42});
    ASSERT_EQ(std::get<0>(*begin), entt::entity{3});
    ASSERT_EQ(std::get<1>(*begin), boxed_int{42});

    ASSERT_EQ(begin++, iterable.cbegin());
    ASSERT_EQ(++begin, iterable.cend());

    for(auto [entity, element]: iterable) {
        static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(entity), entt::entity>);
        static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(element), const boxed_int &>);
        ASSERT_TRUE(entity != entt::entity{1} || element == boxed_int{99});
        ASSERT_TRUE(entity != entt::entity{3} || element == boxed_int{42});
    }
}

TEST(Storage, IterableIteratorConversion) {
    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{3}, 42);

    typename entt::storage<boxed_int>::iterable::iterator it = pool.each().begin();
    typename entt::storage<boxed_int>::const_iterable::const_iterator cit = it;

    static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(*it), std::tuple<entt::entity, boxed_int &>>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(*cit), std::tuple<entt::entity, const boxed_int &>>);

    ASSERT_EQ(it, cit);
    ASSERT_NE(++cit, it);
}

TEST(Storage, EmptyTypeIterable) {
    using iterator = typename entt::storage<empty_stable_type>::iterable::iterator;

    static_assert(std::is_same_v<iterator::value_type, std::tuple<entt::entity>>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<iterator::value_type, std::tuple<entt::entity>>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<typename iterator::pointer, entt::input_iterator_pointer<std::tuple<entt::entity>>>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<typename iterator::reference, typename iterator::value_type>);

    entt::storage<empty_stable_type> pool;
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{1});
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{3});
    auto iterable = pool.each();

    iterator end{iterable.begin()};
    iterator begin{};
    begin = iterable.end();
    std::swap(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(begin, iterable.begin());
    ASSERT_EQ(end, iterable.end());
    ASSERT_NE(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(std::get<0>(*begin.operator->().operator->()), entt::entity{3});
    ASSERT_EQ(std::get<0>(*begin), entt::entity{3});

    ASSERT_EQ(begin++, iterable.begin());
    ASSERT_EQ(++begin, iterable.end());

    for(auto [entity]: iterable) {
        static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(entity), entt::entity>);
        ASSERT_TRUE(entity == entt::entity{1} || entity == entt::entity{3});
    }
}

TEST(Storage, IterableAlgorithmCompatibility) {
    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{3}, 42);

    const auto iterable = pool.each();
    const auto it = std::find_if(iterable.begin(), iterable.end(), [](auto args) { return std::get<0>(args) == entt::entity{3}; });

    ASSERT_EQ(std::get<0>(*it), entt::entity{3});
}

TEST(Storage, Raw) {
    entt::storage<int> pool;

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{3}, 3);
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{12}, 6);
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{42}, 9);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{3}), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(std::as_const(pool).get(entt::entity{12}), 6);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{42}), 9);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.raw()[0u][0u], 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(std::as_const(pool).raw()[0u][1u], 6);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.raw()[0u][2u], 9);
}

TEST(Storage, SortOrdered) {
    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;
    entt::entity entities[5u]{entt::entity{12}, entt::entity{42}, entt::entity{7}, entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{9}};
    boxed_int values[5u]{{12}, {9}, {6}, {3}, {1}};

    pool.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities), values);
    pool.sort([&pool](auto lhs, auto rhs) { return pool.get(lhs).value < pool.get(rhs).value; });

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(entities), std::rend(entities), pool.entt::sparse_set::begin(), pool.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(values), std::rend(values), pool.begin(), pool.end()));
}

TEST(Storage, SortReverse) {
    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;
    entt::entity entities[5u]{entt::entity{12}, entt::entity{42}, entt::entity{7}, entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{9}};
    boxed_int values[5u]{{1}, {3}, {6}, {9}, {12}};

    pool.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities), values);
    pool.sort([&pool](auto lhs, auto rhs) { return pool.get(lhs).value < pool.get(rhs).value; });

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities), pool.entt::sparse_set::begin(), pool.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::begin(values), std::end(values), pool.begin(), pool.end()));
}

TEST(Storage, SortUnordered) {
    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;
    entt::entity entities[5u]{entt::entity{12}, entt::entity{42}, entt::entity{7}, entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{9}};
    boxed_int values[5u]{{6}, {3}, {1}, {9}, {12}};

    pool.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities), values);
    pool.sort([&pool](auto lhs, auto rhs) { return pool.get(lhs).value < pool.get(rhs).value; });

    auto begin = pool.begin();
    auto end = pool.end();

    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), values[2u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), values[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), values[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), values[3u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), values[4u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.data()[0u], entities[4u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.data()[1u], entities[3u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.data()[2u], entities[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.data()[3u], entities[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.data()[4u], entities[2u]);
}

TEST(Storage, SortRange) {
    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;
    entt::entity entities[5u]{entt::entity{12}, entt::entity{42}, entt::entity{7}, entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{9}};
    boxed_int values[5u]{{3}, {6}, {1}, {9}, {12}};

    pool.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities), values);
    pool.sort_n(0u, [&pool](auto lhs, auto rhs) { return pool.get(lhs).value < pool.get(rhs).value; });

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(entities), std::rend(entities), pool.entt::sparse_set::begin(), pool.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(values), std::rend(values), pool.begin(), pool.end()));

    pool.sort_n(2u, [&pool](auto lhs, auto rhs) { return pool.get(lhs).value < pool.get(rhs).value; });

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.raw()[0u][0u], values[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.raw()[0u][1u], values[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.raw()[0u][2u], values[2u]);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.data()[0u], entities[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.data()[1u], entities[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.data()[2u], entities[2u]);

    pool.sort_n(5u, [&pool](auto lhs, auto rhs) { return pool.get(lhs).value < pool.get(rhs).value; });

    auto begin = pool.begin();
    auto end = pool.end();

    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), values[2u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), values[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), values[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), values[3u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), values[4u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.data()[0u], entities[4u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.data()[1u], entities[3u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.data()[2u], entities[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.data()[3u], entities[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.data()[4u], entities[2u]);
}

TEST(Storage, RespectDisjoint) {
    entt::storage<int> lhs;
    entt::storage<int> rhs;

    entt::entity lhs_entities[3u]{entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{12}, entt::entity{42}};
    int lhs_values[3u]{3, 6, 9};
    lhs.insert(std::begin(lhs_entities), std::end(lhs_entities), lhs_values);

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(lhs_entities), std::rend(lhs_entities), lhs.entt::sparse_set::begin(), lhs.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(lhs_values), std::rend(lhs_values), lhs.begin(), lhs.end()));

    lhs.respect(rhs);

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(lhs_entities), std::rend(lhs_entities), lhs.entt::sparse_set::begin(), lhs.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(lhs_values), std::rend(lhs_values), lhs.begin(), lhs.end()));
}

TEST(Storage, RespectOverlap) {
    entt::storage<int> lhs;
    entt::storage<int> rhs;

    entt::entity lhs_entities[3u]{entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{12}, entt::entity{42}};
    int lhs_values[3u]{3, 6, 9};
    lhs.insert(std::begin(lhs_entities), std::end(lhs_entities), lhs_values);

    entt::entity rhs_entities[1u]{entt::entity{12}};
    int rhs_values[1u]{6};
    rhs.insert(std::begin(rhs_entities), std::end(rhs_entities), rhs_values);

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(lhs_entities), std::rend(lhs_entities), lhs.entt::sparse_set::begin(), lhs.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(lhs_values), std::rend(lhs_values), lhs.begin(), lhs.end()));

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(rhs_entities), std::rend(rhs_entities), rhs.entt::sparse_set::begin(), rhs.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(rhs_values), std::rend(rhs_values), rhs.begin(), rhs.end()));

    lhs.respect(rhs);

    auto begin = lhs.begin();
    auto end = lhs.end();

    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), lhs_values[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), lhs_values[2u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), lhs_values[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(lhs.data()[0u], lhs_entities[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(lhs.data()[1u], lhs_entities[2u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(lhs.data()[2u], lhs_entities[1u]);
}

TEST(Storage, RespectOrdered) {
    entt::storage<int> lhs;
    entt::storage<int> rhs;

    entt::entity lhs_entities[5u]{entt::entity{1}, entt::entity{2}, entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{4}, entt::entity{5}};
    int lhs_values[5u]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    lhs.insert(std::begin(lhs_entities), std::end(lhs_entities), lhs_values);

    entt::entity rhs_entities[6u]{entt::entity{6}, entt::entity{1}, entt::entity{2}, entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{4}, entt::entity{5}};
    int rhs_values[6u]{6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    rhs.insert(std::begin(rhs_entities), std::end(rhs_entities), rhs_values);

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(lhs_entities), std::rend(lhs_entities), lhs.entt::sparse_set::begin(), lhs.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(lhs_values), std::rend(lhs_values), lhs.begin(), lhs.end()));

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(rhs_entities), std::rend(rhs_entities), rhs.entt::sparse_set::begin(), rhs.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(rhs_values), std::rend(rhs_values), rhs.begin(), rhs.end()));

    rhs.respect(lhs);

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(rhs_entities), std::rend(rhs_entities), rhs.entt::sparse_set::begin(), rhs.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(rhs_values), std::rend(rhs_values), rhs.begin(), rhs.end()));
}

TEST(Storage, RespectReverse) {
    entt::storage<int> lhs;
    entt::storage<int> rhs;

    entt::entity lhs_entities[5u]{entt::entity{1}, entt::entity{2}, entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{4}, entt::entity{5}};
    int lhs_values[5u]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    lhs.insert(std::begin(lhs_entities), std::end(lhs_entities), lhs_values);

    entt::entity rhs_entities[6u]{entt::entity{5}, entt::entity{4}, entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{2}, entt::entity{1}, entt::entity{6}};
    int rhs_values[6u]{5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 6};
    rhs.insert(std::begin(rhs_entities), std::end(rhs_entities), rhs_values);

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(lhs_entities), std::rend(lhs_entities), lhs.entt::sparse_set::begin(), lhs.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(lhs_values), std::rend(lhs_values), lhs.begin(), lhs.end()));

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(rhs_entities), std::rend(rhs_entities), rhs.entt::sparse_set::begin(), rhs.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(rhs_values), std::rend(rhs_values), rhs.begin(), rhs.end()));

    rhs.respect(lhs);

    auto begin = rhs.begin();
    auto end = rhs.end();

    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), rhs_values[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), rhs_values[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), rhs_values[2u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), rhs_values[3u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), rhs_values[4u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), rhs_values[5u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(rhs.data()[0u], rhs_entities[5u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(rhs.data()[1u], rhs_entities[4u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(rhs.data()[2u], rhs_entities[3u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(rhs.data()[3u], rhs_entities[2u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(rhs.data()[4u], rhs_entities[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(rhs.data()[5u], rhs_entities[0u]);
}

TEST(Storage, RespectUnordered) {
    entt::storage<int> lhs;
    entt::storage<int> rhs;

    entt::entity lhs_entities[5u]{entt::entity{1}, entt::entity{2}, entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{4}, entt::entity{5}};
    int lhs_values[5u]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    lhs.insert(std::begin(lhs_entities), std::end(lhs_entities), lhs_values);

    entt::entity rhs_entities[6u]{entt::entity{3}, entt::entity{2}, entt::entity{6}, entt::entity{1}, entt::entity{4}, entt::entity{5}};
    int rhs_values[6u]{3, 2, 6, 1, 4, 5};
    rhs.insert(std::begin(rhs_entities), std::end(rhs_entities), rhs_values);

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(lhs_entities), std::rend(lhs_entities), lhs.entt::sparse_set::begin(), lhs.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(lhs_values), std::rend(lhs_values), lhs.begin(), lhs.end()));

    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(rhs_entities), std::rend(rhs_entities), rhs.entt::sparse_set::begin(), rhs.entt::sparse_set::end()));
    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::rbegin(rhs_values), std::rend(rhs_values), rhs.begin(), rhs.end()));

    rhs.respect(lhs);

    auto begin = rhs.begin();
    auto end = rhs.end();

    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), rhs_values[5u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), rhs_values[4u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), rhs_values[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), rhs_values[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), rhs_values[3u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(*(begin++), rhs_values[2u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(begin, end);

    ASSERT_EQ(rhs.data()[0u], rhs_entities[2u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(rhs.data()[1u], rhs_entities[3u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(rhs.data()[2u], rhs_entities[1u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(rhs.data()[3u], rhs_entities[0u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(rhs.data()[4u], rhs_entities[4u]);
    ASSERT_EQ(rhs.data()[5u], rhs_entities[5u]);
}

TEST(Storage, CanModifyDuringIteration) {
    entt::storage<int> pool;
    auto *ptr = &pool.emplace(entt::entity{0}, 42);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), ENTT_PACKED_PAGE);

    const auto it = pool.cbegin();
    pool.reserve(ENTT_PACKED_PAGE + 1u);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), 2 * ENTT_PACKED_PAGE);
    ASSERT_EQ(&pool.get(entt::entity{0}), ptr);

    // this should crash with asan enabled if we break the constraint
    [[maybe_unused]] const int &value = *it;
}

TEST(Storage, ReferencesGuaranteed) {
    entt::storage<boxed_int> pool;

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{0}, 0);
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{1}, 1);

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{0}).value, 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{1}).value, 1);

    for(auto &&type: pool) {
        if(type.value) {
            type.value = 42;
        }
    }

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{0}).value, 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{1}).value, 42);

    auto begin = pool.begin();

    while(begin != pool.end()) {
        (begin++)->value = 3;
    }

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{0}).value, 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{1}).value, 3);
}

TEST(Storage, MoveOnlyComponent) {
    // the purpose is to ensure that move only components are always accepted
    [[maybe_unused]] entt::storage<std::unique_ptr<int>> pool;
}

TEST(Storage, UpdateFromDestructor) {
    static constexpr auto size = 10u;

    auto test = [](const auto target) {
        entt::storage<update_from_destructor> pool;

        for(std::size_t next{}; next < size; ++next) {
            const auto entity = entt::entity(next);
            pool.emplace(entity, pool, entity == entt::entity(size / 2) ? target : entity);
        }

        pool.erase(entt::entity(size / 2));

        ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), size - 1u - (target != entt::null));
        ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity(size / 2)));
        ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(target));

        pool.clear();

        ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());

        for(std::size_t next{}; next < size; ++next) {
            ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity(next)));
        }
    };

    test(entt::entity(size - 1u));
    test(entt::entity(size - 2u));
    test(entt::entity{0u});
}

TEST(Storage, CustomAllocator) {
    auto test = [](auto pool, auto alloc) {
        ASSERT_EQ(pool.get_allocator(), alloc);
        ASSERT_FALSE(pool.get_allocator() != alloc);

        pool.reserve(1u);

        ASSERT_NE(pool.capacity(), 0u);

        pool.emplace(entt::entity{0});
        pool.emplace(entt::entity{1});

        decltype(pool) other{std::move(pool), alloc};

        ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());
        ASSERT_FALSE(other.empty());
        ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), 0u);
        ASSERT_NE(other.capacity(), 0u);
        ASSERT_EQ(other.size(), 2u);

        pool = std::move(other);

        ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
        ASSERT_TRUE(other.empty());
        ASSERT_EQ(other.capacity(), 0u);
        ASSERT_NE(pool.capacity(), 0u);
        ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 2u);

        pool.swap(other);
        pool = std::move(other);

        ASSERT_FALSE(pool.empty());
        ASSERT_TRUE(other.empty());
        ASSERT_EQ(other.capacity(), 0u);
        ASSERT_NE(pool.capacity(), 0u);
        ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 2u);

        pool.clear();

        ASSERT_NE(pool.capacity(), 0u);
        ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 0u);

        pool.shrink_to_fit();

        ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), 0u);
    };

    test::throwing_allocator<entt::entity> allocator{};

    test(entt::basic_storage<entt::entity, int, test::throwing_allocator<entt::entity>>{allocator}, allocator);
    test(entt::basic_storage<entt::entity, std::true_type, test::throwing_allocator<entt::entity>>{allocator}, allocator);
}

TEST(Storage, ThrowingAllocator) {
    entt::basic_storage<entt::entity, int, test::throwing_allocator<int>> pool;
    typename std::decay_t<decltype(pool)>::base_type &base = pool;

    test::throwing_allocator<int>::trigger_on_allocate = true;

    ASSERT_THROW(pool.reserve(1u), test::throwing_allocator<int>::exception_type);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), 0u);

    test::throwing_allocator<int>::trigger_after_allocate = true;

    ASSERT_THROW(pool.reserve(2 * ENTT_PACKED_PAGE), test::throwing_allocator<int>::exception_type);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), ENTT_PACKED_PAGE);

    pool.shrink_to_fit();

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.capacity(), 0u);

    test::throwing_allocator<int>::trigger_on_allocate = true;

    ASSERT_THROW(pool.emplace(entt::entity{0}, 0), test::throwing_allocator<int>::exception_type);
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{0}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());

    test::throwing_allocator<entt::entity>::trigger_on_allocate = true;

    ASSERT_THROW(pool.emplace(entt::entity{0}, 0), test::throwing_allocator<entt::entity>::exception_type);
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{0}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());

    test::throwing_allocator<entt::entity>::trigger_on_allocate = true;

    ASSERT_THROW(base.emplace(entt::entity{0}), test::throwing_allocator<entt::entity>::exception_type);
    ASSERT_FALSE(base.contains(entt::entity{0}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(base.empty());

    pool.emplace(entt::entity{0}, 0);
    const entt::entity entities[2u]{entt::entity{1}, entt::entity{ENTT_SPARSE_PAGE}};
    test::throwing_allocator<entt::entity>::trigger_after_allocate = true;

    ASSERT_THROW(pool.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities), 0), test::throwing_allocator<entt::entity>::exception_type);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entt::entity{1}));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{ENTT_SPARSE_PAGE}));

    pool.erase(entt::entity{1});
    const int components[2u]{1, ENTT_SPARSE_PAGE};
    test::throwing_allocator<entt::entity>::trigger_on_allocate = true;

    ASSERT_THROW(pool.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities), std::begin(components)), test::throwing_allocator<entt::entity>::exception_type);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entt::entity{1}));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{ENTT_SPARSE_PAGE}));
}

TEST(Storage, ThrowingComponent) {
    entt::storage<test::throwing_type> pool;
    test::throwing_type::trigger_on_value = 42;

    // strong exception safety
    ASSERT_THROW(pool.emplace(entt::entity{0}, test::throwing_type{42}), typename test::throwing_type::exception_type);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.empty());

    const entt::entity entities[2u]{entt::entity{42}, entt::entity{1}};
    const test::throwing_type components[2u]{42, 1};

    // basic exception safety
    ASSERT_THROW(pool.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities), test::throwing_type{42}), typename test::throwing_type::exception_type);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 0u);
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{1}));

    // basic exception safety
    ASSERT_THROW(pool.insert(std::begin(entities), std::end(entities), std::begin(components)), typename test::throwing_type::exception_type);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 0u);
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{1}));

    // basic exception safety
    ASSERT_THROW(pool.insert(std::rbegin(entities), std::rend(entities), std::rbegin(components)), typename test::throwing_type::exception_type);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 1u);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entt::entity{1}));
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{1}), 1);

    pool.clear();
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{1}, 1);
    pool.emplace(entt::entity{42}, 42);

    // basic exception safety
    ASSERT_THROW(pool.erase(entt::entity{1}), typename test::throwing_type::exception_type);
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 2u);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entt::entity{42}));
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entt::entity{1}));
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(0u), entt::entity{1});
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(1u), entt::entity{42});
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{42}), 42);
    // the element may have been moved but it's still there
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{1}), test::throwing_type::moved_from_value);

    test::throwing_type::trigger_on_value = 99;
    pool.erase(entt::entity{1});

    ASSERT_EQ(pool.size(), 1u);
    ASSERT_TRUE(pool.contains(entt::entity{42}));
    ASSERT_FALSE(pool.contains(entt::entity{1}));
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.at(0u), entt::entity{42});
    ASSERT_EQ(pool.get(entt::entity{42}), 42);
}