backend: Propagate backend thread exceptions to the main thread. (#9903)

* Filament Error Handling Remediation and noexcept Cleanup

- Replaced assert_invariant with FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION in
  Renderer::beginFrame for caller bugs.
- Removed noexcept from Camera::setCustomProjection to allow precondition
  checks to throw.
- Removed noexcept from Texture and InstanceBuffer methods using precondition
  checks.
- Documented silent clamping in View::setBloomOptions.
- Clarified comment in FrameGraphResources regarding preconditions.
- Refined MaterialInstance::commit to split texture loop into check and update
  passes, preventing partial state changes on precondition failure.

* backend: Propagate backend thread exceptions to the main thread.

Introduce a mechanism to catch exceptions thrown on the backend thread and
rethrow them on the main thread. This prevents deadlocks and allows the
application to handle fatal backend failures gracefully.

- Consolidate synchronization primitives in DriverBase.
- Add mHasUnrecoverableError flag to interrupt blocked fence waits.
- Optimize waitForFence to avoid extra atomic reads in common paths.
- Propagate FenceStatus::ERROR across all backends.
- CommandBufferQueue now stores a std::exception_ptr when the backend fails.
- The backend enters a "zombie" state on failure, skipping further command
  execution but allowing clean shutdown.
- Public APIs in Renderer and Engine now check for stored exceptions and
  rethrow them, documented with @throws.
- Guarded by __EXCEPTIONS to ensure no overhead when exceptions are disabled.
- Add unit test for fence interruption and document new APIs.

BUGS=[407545700]

* feat: harden backend exceptions and add hasUnrecoverableFailure API

- Update Renderer::beginFrame() and Renderer::shouldRenderFrame() to
  return false early if an unrecoverable backend exception has been
  delivered to the main thread.
- Document the new return behavior for beginFrame() and
  shouldRenderFrame() in Renderer.h.
- Add Engine::hasUnrecoverableFailure() to the public API to allow
  apps to check for fatal errors without relying on exceptions.
- Implement hasUnrecoverableFailure() in FEngine by delegating to
  CommandBufferQueue.
- Expose Engine::hasUnrecoverableFailure() to Java bindings
  (Engine.java and JNI).
- Expose Engine::hasUnrecoverableFailure() to JavaScript bindings
  (jsbindings.cpp).

* java: propagate C++ Panics & exceptions to JAVA

android/filament-android/src/main/cpp/IndexBuffer.cpp

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 
 #include <jni.h>
 
-#include <functional>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include <filament/IndexBuffer.h>
+#include <common/JniUtils.h>
 
 #include <backend/BufferDescriptor.h>
 
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 
 using namespace filament;
 using namespace backend;
+using namespace filament::android;
 
 extern "C" JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL
 Java_com_google_android_filament_IndexBuffer_nCreateBuilder(JNIEnv *env, jclass type) {
@@ -63,7 +64,9 @@ Java_com_google_android_filament_IndexBuffer_nBuilderBuild(JNIEnv *env, jclass t
         jlong nativeBuilder, jlong nativeEngine) {
     IndexBuffer::Builder* builder = (IndexBuffer::Builder *) nativeBuilder;
     Engine *engine = (Engine *) nativeEngine;
-    return (jlong) builder->build(*engine);
+    return wrapJni<jlong>(env, [=]() {
+        return (jlong) builder->build(*engine);
+    });
 }
 
 extern "C" JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
@@ -94,7 +97,9 @@ Java_com_google_android_filament_IndexBuffer_nSetBuffer(JNIEnv *env, jclass type
     BufferDescriptor desc(data, sizeInBytes,
             callback->getHandler(), &JniBufferCallback::postToJavaAndDestroy, callback);
 
-    indexBuffer->setBuffer(*engine, std::move(desc), (uint32_t) destOffsetInBytes);
+    wrapJni(env, [&]() {
+        indexBuffer->setBuffer(*engine, std::move(desc), (uint32_t) destOffsetInBytes);
+    });
 
     return 0;
 }