Add C++17 copies of the test binaries (#3101)

* ⚗️ add C++17 copies of the test binaries
* ⚗️ use proper header for filesystem
* 🚨 fix warnings
* ⚗️ do not use too old compilers with C++17
* ✅ add test
* 🔨 add more constraints #3097
* ⚗️ use fix from https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/3101#issuecomment-998788786
* ⚗️ use fix from https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=90050
* 👷 use published CI image

.clang-tidy

@@ -34,9 +34,11 @@ Checks: '*,
          -llvmlibc-*,
          -misc-no-recursion,
          -misc-non-private-member-variables-in-classes,
+         -modernize-concat-nested-namespaces,
+         -modernize-use-nodiscard,
          -modernize-use-trailing-return-type,
-         -readability-function-size,
          -readability-function-cognitive-complexity,
+         -readability-function-size,
          -readability-identifier-length,
          -readability-magic-numbers,
          -readability-redundant-access-specifiers,