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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/operator_gtgt/" rel="canonical"><link href=../operator_ltlt/ rel=prev><link href=../operator_literal_json/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>operator>>(basic_json) - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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href=../../features/comments/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Comments </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/conversions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Converting values </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/creating_values/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Creating JSON values </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_8> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../features/element_access/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Element Access </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_8 id=__nav_2_8_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_8_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_8> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Element Access </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/element_access/unchecked_access/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Unchecked access: operator[] </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/element_access/checked_access/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Checked access: at </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/element_access/default_value/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Access with default value: value </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/iterators/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Iterators </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/merge_patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Merge Patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/json_patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Patch and Diff </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/json_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Pointer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/modifying_values/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Modifying values </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/modules/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Modules </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/namespace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> nlohmann Namespace </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/object_order/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Object Order </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_17> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../features/parsing/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parsing </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_17 id=__nav_2_17_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_17_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_17> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Parsing </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/parsing/json_lines/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Lines </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/parsing/parse_exceptions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parsing and Exceptions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/parsing/parser_callbacks/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parser Callbacks </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/parsing/sax_interface/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> SAX Interface </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/assertions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Runtime Assertions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/serialization/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Serialization </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/enum_conversion/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Specializing enum conversion </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/macros/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Supported Macros </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/trailing_commas/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Trailing Commas </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_23> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../features/types/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Types </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_23 id=__nav_2_23_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_23_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_23> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Types </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/types/number_handling/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Number Handling </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/types/template_parameters/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Template Parameter Requirements </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../integration/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Integration </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_3 id=__nav_3_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Integration </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../integration/migration_guide/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Migration Guide </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../integration/cmake/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> CMake </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../integration/package_managers/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Package Managers </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../integration/pkg-config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pkg-config </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4 checked> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4 id=__nav_4_label tabindex> <span class=md-ellipsis> API Documentation </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_label aria-expanded=true> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> API Documentation </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_1> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../basic_json/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> basic_json </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_1 id=__nav_4_1_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_1_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> basic_json </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/basic_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/~basic_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Destructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/accept/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> accept </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/array_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> array_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/at/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> at </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/begin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> begin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/binary_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binary_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/boolean_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> boolean_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/cbegin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cbegin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/cbor_tag_handler_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cbor_tag_handler_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/cend/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cend </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/clear/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> clear </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/contains/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> contains </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/count/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> count </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/crbegin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> crbegin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/crend/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> crend </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/default_object_comparator_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> default_object_comparator_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/diff/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> diff </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/dump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/emplace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> emplace </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/emplace_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> emplace_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/empty/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> empty </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/end/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/end_pos/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end_pos </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/erase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> erase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/error_handler_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> error_handler_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/exception/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> exception </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/find/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> find </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/flatten/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> flatten </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/format_as/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> format_as </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/from_bjdata/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_bjdata </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/from_bson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_bson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/from_cbor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_cbor </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/from_msgpack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_msgpack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/from_ubjson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_ubjson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/get/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/get_allocator/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_allocator </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/get_binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/get_ptr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_ptr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/get_ref/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_ref </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/get_to/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_to </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/std_formatter/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> std::formatter&lt;basic_json&gt; </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/std_hash/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> std::hash&lt;basic_json&gt; </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/input_format_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> input_format_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/insert/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> insert </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/invalid_iterator/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> invalid_iterator </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/is_array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/is_binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/is_boolean/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_boolean </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/is_discarded/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_discarded </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/is_null/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_null </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/is_number/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/is_number_float/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_float </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/is_number_integer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_integer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/is_number_unsigned/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_unsigned </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/is_object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/is_primitive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_primitive </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/is_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_string </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/is_structured/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_structured </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/items/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> items </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/json_base_class_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_base_class_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/json_serializer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_serializer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/max_size/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> max_size </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/meta/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> meta </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/merge_patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> merge_patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/number_float_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_float_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/number_integer_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_integer_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/number_unsigned_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_unsigned_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/object_comparator_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> object_comparator_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/object_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> object_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/operator_ValueType/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator ValueType </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/operator_value_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator value_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/operator%5B%5D/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator[] </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/operator%3D/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/operator%2B%3D/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator+= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/operator_eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator== </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/operator_ne/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator!= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/operator_lt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator< </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/operator_gt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/operator_le/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/operator_ge/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator>= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/operator_spaceship/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<=> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/out_of_range/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> out_of_range </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/other_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> other_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/parse/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/parse_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/parse_event_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_event_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/parser_callback_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parser_callback_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/patch_inplace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> patch_inplace </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/push_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> push_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/rbegin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rbegin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/rend/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rend </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/sax_parse/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> sax_parse </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/size/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> size </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/start_pos/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start_pos </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/string_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> string_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/swap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> swap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/std_swap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> std::swap&lt;basic_json&gt; </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/to_bjdata/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_bjdata </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/to_bson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_bson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/to_cbor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_cbor </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/to_msgpack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_msgpack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/to_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_string </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/to_ubjson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_ubjson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/type/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/type_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/type_name/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type_name </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/unflatten/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> unflatten </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/update/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> update </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/value/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> value </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../basic_json/value_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> value_t </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_2> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../byte_container_with_subtype/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> byte_container_with_subtype </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_2 id=__nav_4_2_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> byte_container_with_subtype </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../byte_container_with_subtype/byte_container_with_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../byte_container_with_subtype/clear_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> clear_subtype </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../byte_container_with_subtype/has_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> has_subtype </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../byte_container_with_subtype/set_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> set_subtype </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../byte_container_with_subtype/subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> subtype </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_3> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../adl_serializer/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> adl_serializer </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_3 id=__nav_4_3_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> adl_serializer </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../adl_serializer/from_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../adl_serializer/to_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_json </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_5> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../json_pointer/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_pointer </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_5 id=__nav_4_5_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> json_pointer </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/json_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/empty/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> empty </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/operator_string_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator string_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/operator_eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator== </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/operator_ne/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator!= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/operator_slash/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator/ </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/operator_slasheq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator/= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/parent_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parent_pointer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/pop_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pop_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/pop_front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pop_front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/push_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> push_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/push_front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> push_front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/string_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> string_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/to_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_string </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_6> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../json_sax/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_sax </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_6 id=__nav_4_6_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_6_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_6> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> json_sax </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_sax/binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_sax/boolean/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> boolean </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_sax/end_array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end_array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_sax/end_object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end_object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_sax/key/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> key </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_sax/null/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> null </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_sax/number_float/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_float </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_sax/number_integer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_integer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_sax/number_unsigned/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_unsigned </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_sax/parse_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_sax/start_array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start_array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_sax/start_object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start_object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_sax/string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> string </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../operator_ltlt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<<(basic_json), operator<<(json_pointer) </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type=checkbox id=__toc> <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for=__toc> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator>>(basic_json) </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <a href=./ class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator>>(basic_json) </span> </a> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#parameters class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parameters </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#return-value class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Return value </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#exceptions class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Exceptions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#complexity class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Complexity </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#notes class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Notes </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#examples class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Examples </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#see-also class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> See also </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#version-history class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Version history </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../operator_literal_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator""_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../operator_literal_json_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator""_json_pointer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../ordered_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ordered_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../ordered_map/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ordered_map </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_13> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../macros/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> macros </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_13 id=__nav_4_13_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_13_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_13> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> macros </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_assert/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_ASSERT </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_brace_init_copy_semantics/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_BRACE_INIT_COPY_SEMANTICS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_throw_user/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_CATCH_USER, JSON_THROW_USER, JSON_TRY_USER </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_diagnostics/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DIAGNOSTICS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_diagnostic_positions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_disable_enum_serialization/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_has_cpp_11/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_CPP_11, JSON_HAS_CPP_14, JSON_HAS_CPP_17, JSON_HAS_CPP_20 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_has_filesystem/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM, JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_has_ranges/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_RANGES </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_has_static_rtti/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_has_std_format/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_STD_FORMAT </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_has_three_way_comparison/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_THREE_WAY_COMPARISON </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_noexception/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_NOEXCEPTION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_no_io/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_NO_IO </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_no_thread_local/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_precise_stream_position/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_skip_library_version_check/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_SKIP_LIBRARY_VERSION_CHECK </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_skip_unsupported_compiler_check/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_strict_nul_handling/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_use_global_udls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_use_implicit_conversions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_use_legacy_discarded_value_comparison/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/json_use_simdutf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_SIMDUTF </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/nlohmann_define_derived_type/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/nlohmann_define_type_with_names/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/nlohmann_json_namespace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/nlohmann_json_namespace_begin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN, NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/nlohmann_json_namespace_no_version/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_NO_VERSION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum_strict/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/nlohmann_json_version_major/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5> <div 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of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#parameters class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parameters </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#return-value class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Return value </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#exceptions class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Exceptions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#complexity class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Complexity </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#notes class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Notes </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#examples class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Examples </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#see-also class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> See also </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#version-history class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Version history </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content data-md-component=content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/edit/develop/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/operator_gtgt.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon" rel="edit"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4zm10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/raw/develop/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/operator_gtgt.md" title="View source of this page" class="md-content__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 18c.56 0 1 .44 1 1s-.44 1-1 1-1-.44-1-1 .44-1 1-1m0-3c-2.73 0-5.06 1.66-6 4 .94 2.34 3.27 4 6 4s5.06-1.66 6-4c-.94-2.34-3.27-4-6-4m0 6.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5M9.27 20H6V4h7v5h5v4.07c.7.08 1.36.25 2 .49V8l-6-6H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4.5a8.2 8.2 0 0 1-1.23-2"/></svg> </a> <h1 id=nlohmannoperatorbasic_json><small>nlohmann::</small>operator&gt;&gt;(basic_json)<a class=headerlink href=#nlohmannoperatorbasic_json title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istream</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>operator</span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istream</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>i</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>basic_json</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>);</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Deserializes an input stream to a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value.</p> <h2 id=parameters>Parameters<a class=headerlink href=#parameters title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <dl> <dt><code>i</code> (in, out)</dt> <dd>input stream to read a serialized <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value from</dd> <dt><code>j</code> (in, out)</dt> <dd><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value to write the deserialized input to</dd> </dl> <h2 id=return-value>Return value<a class=headerlink href=#return-value title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>the stream <code>i</code></p> <h2 id=exceptions>Exceptions<a class=headerlink href=#exceptions title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Throws <a href=../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionparse_error101><code>parse_error.101</code></a> in case of an unexpected token.</li> </ul> <h2 id=complexity>Complexity<a class=headerlink href=#complexity title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive LL(1) parser.</p> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>A <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.</p> <p>Invalid Unicode escapes and unpaired surrogates in the input are reported as <a href=../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionparse_error101><code>parse_error.101</code></a> with a detailed message.</p> <p><code>operator&gt;&gt;</code> parses exactly one <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value, so it can be called repeatedly to read a sequence of concatenated <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> values from the same stream:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j2</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j1</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// parses the first value</span>
<span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j2</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// parses the next value</span>
</code></pre></div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>A number must be followed by whitespace</p> <p>A number is only terminated by the character that follows it. That character is read from the stream to detect the end of the number, and it is <strong>not</strong> put back. When a value that is a number is immediately followed by the next value, the first character of that next value is lost:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istringstream</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>input</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"1true"</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j2</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j1</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// j1 == 1</span>
<span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j2</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// throws parse_error.101: the stream now starts at "rue"</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Separating the values with whitespace avoids this, because the character that is eaten is then the separator:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istringstream</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>input</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"1 true"</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j2</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j1</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// j1 == 1</span>
<span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j2</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// j2 == true</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Only numbers are affected. Values ending in a self-delimiting character do not read past themselves, so <code>truefalse</code>, <code>[1][2]</code>, <code>{"a":1}{"b":2}</code>, and <code>"a""b"</code> can be read back to back without a separator.</p> <p>Define <a href=../macros/json_precise_stream_position/ ><code>JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION</code></a> to <code>1</code> to leave the terminating character in the stream instead, so that the stream is positioned right after the value for every value type and no separator is needed. This is tracked in <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/5340">#5340</a>.</p> </div> <p>Note that reading concatenated values does <strong>not</strong> work for <a href=../../features/parsing/json_lines/ ><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Lines</a> (newline-delimited <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>) input -- see that page for why and for the recommended alternative.</p> <p>By default, a <code>'\0'</code> (NUL) byte encountered while reading a value is treated as end of input, rather than as an ordinary (and, outside of a string, invalid) byte; see the <a href=../../home/faq/#nul-bytes-in-the-input><abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr> entry</a> for details and the <a href=../macros/json_strict_nul_handling/ ><code>JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING</code></a> macro to opt into rejecting it instead. Because <code>operator&gt;&gt;</code> only parses a single value and does not require the rest of the stream to be consumed, a NUL byte <em>after</em> a complete value has no effect on <code>operator&gt;&gt;</code> either way; it only matters while a value is still being read.</p> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Deprecation</p> <p>This function replaces function <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istream</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>operator</span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>basic_json</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istream</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>i</span><span class=p>)</span></code> which has been deprecated in version 3.0.0. It will be removed in version 4.0.0. Please replace calls like <code class=highlight><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>i</span><span class=p>;</span></code> with <code class=highlight><span class=n>i</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span></code>.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The example below shows how a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value is constructed by reading a serialization from a stream.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iomanip&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;sstream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// create stream with serialized JSON</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>stringstream</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>ss</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>ss</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sa>R</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=dl>(</span><span class=s>{</span>
<span class=s> "number": 23,</span>
<span class=s> "string": "Hello, world!",</span>
<span class=s> "array": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],</span>
<span class=s> "boolean": false,</span>
<span class=s> "null": null</span>
<span class=s> }</span><span class=dl>)</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// create JSON value and read the serialization from the stream</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>ss</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// serialize JSON</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>setw</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"array"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>[</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=mi>3</span><span class=p>,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=mi>4</span><span class=p>,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=mi>5</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>],</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"boolean"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>false</span><span class=p>,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"null"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>null</span><span class=p>,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"number"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>23</span><span class=p>,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"string"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Hello, world!"</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../basic_json/accept/ >accept</a> - check if the input is valid <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr></li> <li><a href=../basic_json/parse/ >parse</a> - deserialize from a compatible input</li> <li><a href=../macros/json_strict_nul_handling/ ><code>JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING</code></a> - opt in to rejecting a NUL byte in the input instead of treating it as end of input</li> <li><a href=../macros/json_precise_stream_position/ ><code>JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION</code></a> - opt in to leaving the stream positioned right after a number</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 1.0.0.</li> <li><code>JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING</code> added in version 3.13.0 to optionally reject a NUL byte in the input instead of treating it as end of input; planned to become the default in version 4.0.0.</li> <li><code>JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION</code> added in version 3.13.0 to optionally leave the character that terminates a number in the stream; planned to become the default in version 4.0.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 25, 2026 16:02:38 UTC">September 25, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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