Include webgpu matc arg in android builds when appropriate.

.github/workflows/presubmit.yml

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.6
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Run build script
         run: |
           WORKFLOW_OS=`echo \`uname\` | sed "s/Darwin/mac/" | tr [:upper:] [:lower:]`
@@ -46,8 +44,6 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.6
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
         with:
           distribution: 'temurin'
@@ -64,8 +60,6 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.6
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Run build script
         run: |
           cd build/ios && printf "y" | ./build.sh presubmit
@@ -128,31 +122,3 @@ jobs:
         run: source ./build/linux/ci-common.sh && ./build.sh -W debug test_filamat filament
       - name: Run test
         run: ./out/cmake-debug/libs/filamat/test_filamat --gtest_filter=MaterialCompiler.Wgsl*
-
-  code-correcteness:
-    name: code-correctness
-    runs-on: 'macos-14-xlarge'
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.6
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Set up Homebrew
-        id: set-up-homebrew
-        uses: Homebrew/actions/setup-homebrew@master
-      - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.x'
-      - name: Install prerequisites
-        run: |
-          pip install pyyaml
-          brew install llvm
-          sudo ln -s "$(brew --prefix llvm)/bin/clang-tidy" "/usr/local/bin/clang-tidy"
-      - name: Run build script
-        # We need to build before clang-tidy can run analysis
-        run: |
-          # This will build for all three desktop backends on mac
-          ./build.sh -p desktop debug gltf_viewer
-      - name: Run test
-        run: |
-          bash test/code-correctness/test.sh

NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md

@@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ for next branch cut* header.
 appropriate header in [RELEASE_NOTES.md](./RELEASE_NOTES.md).
 
 ## Release notes for next branch cut
+
+- Fix build/compile errors when upgrading to MacOS 15.4

README.md

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ repositories {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.59.2'
+    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.59.0'
 }
 ```
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Here are all the libraries available in the group `com.google.android.filament`:
 iOS projects can use CocoaPods to install the latest release:
 
 ```shell
-pod 'Filament', '~> 1.59.2'
+pod 'Filament', '~> 1.59.0'
 ```
 
 ## Documentation

RELEASE_NOTES.md

@@ -7,13 +7,6 @@ A new header is inserted each time a *tag* is created.
 Instead, if you are authoring a PR for the main branch, add your release note to
 [NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md](./NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md).
 
-## v1.59.3
-
-
-## v1.59.2
-
-- Fix build/compile errors when upgrading to MacOS 15.4
-
 ## v1.59.1
 
 

android/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/FilamentPlugin.groovy

@@ -142,13 +142,16 @@ abstract class MaterialCompiler extends TaskWithBinary {
                 if (!exclude_vulkan) {
                     matcArgs += ['-a', 'vulkan']
                 }
+
                 def include_webgpu = providers
                         .gradleProperty("com.google.android.filament.include-webgpu")
                         .forUseAtConfigurationTime().present
-                if (include_webgpu) {
+
-                    matcArgs += ['-a', 'webgpu', '--variant-filter=skinning,stereo']
+                if (!include_webgpu) {
+                    matcArgs += ['-a', 'webgpu']
                 }
 
+
                 def mat_no_opt = providers
                         .gradleProperty("com.google.android.filament.matnopt")
                         .forUseAtConfigurationTime().present

android/gradle.properties

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 GROUP=com.google.android.filament
-VERSION_NAME=1.59.2
+VERSION_NAME=1.59.0
 
 POM_DESCRIPTION=Real-time physically based rendering engine for Android.
 

filament/backend/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -177,6 +177,29 @@ endif()
 if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_VULKAN)
     list(APPEND SRCS
             include/backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h
+            src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetCache.cpp
+            src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetCache.h
+            src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache.cpp
+            src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache.h
+            src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineLayoutCache.cpp
+            src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineLayoutCache.h
+            src/vulkan/memory/ResourceManager.cpp
+            src/vulkan/memory/ResourceManager.h
+            src/vulkan/memory/ResourcePointer.h
+            src/vulkan/memory/Resource.cpp
+            src/vulkan/memory/Resource.h
+            src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatform.cpp
+            src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformSwapChainImpl.cpp
+            src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformSwapChainImpl.h
+            src/vulkan/utils/Conversion.cpp
+            src/vulkan/utils/Conversion.h
+            src/vulkan/utils/Definitions.h
+            src/vulkan/utils/Helper.h
+            src/vulkan/utils/Image.h
+            src/vulkan/utils/Image.cpp
+            src/vulkan/utils/Spirv.h
+            src/vulkan/utils/Spirv.cpp
+            src/vulkan/utils/StaticVector.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanAsyncHandles.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanBlitter.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanBlitter.h
@@ -187,10 +210,6 @@ if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_VULKAN)
             src/vulkan/VulkanConstants.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanContext.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanContext.h
-            src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetCache.cpp
-            src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetCache.h
-            src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache.cpp
-            src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanDriver.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanDriver.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanDriverFactory.h
@@ -198,43 +217,24 @@ if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_VULKAN)
             src/vulkan/VulkanFboCache.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanHandles.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanHandles.h
-            src/vulkan/VulkanMemory.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanMemory.h
+            src/vulkan/VulkanMemory.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineCache.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineCache.h
-            src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineLayoutCache.cpp
-            src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineLayoutCache.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanQueryManager.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanQueryManager.h
-            src/vulkan/VulkanReadPixels.cpp
-            src/vulkan/VulkanReadPixels.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanSamplerCache.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanSamplerCache.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanStagePool.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanStagePool.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanSwapChain.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanSwapChain.h
+            src/vulkan/VulkanReadPixels.cpp
+            src/vulkan/VulkanReadPixels.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanTexture.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanTexture.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanYcbcrConversionCache.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanYcbcrConversionCache.h
-            src/vulkan/memory/Resource.cpp
-            src/vulkan/memory/Resource.h
-            src/vulkan/memory/ResourceManager.cpp
-            src/vulkan/memory/ResourceManager.h
-            src/vulkan/memory/ResourcePointer.h
-            src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatform.cpp
-            src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformSwapChainImpl.cpp
-            src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformSwapChainImpl.h
-            src/vulkan/utils/Conversion.cpp
-            src/vulkan/utils/Conversion.h
-            src/vulkan/utils/Definitions.h
-            src/vulkan/utils/Helper.h
-            src/vulkan/utils/Image.cpp
-            src/vulkan/utils/Image.h
-            src/vulkan/utils/Spirv.cpp
-            src/vulkan/utils/Spirv.h
-            src/vulkan/utils/StaticVector.h
     )
     if (LINUX OR WIN32)
         list(APPEND SRCS src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformLinuxWindows.cpp)
@@ -255,10 +255,10 @@ if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
             src/webgpu/WebGPUConstants.h
             src/webgpu/WebGPUDriver.cpp
             src/webgpu/WebGPUDriver.h
-            src/webgpu/WebGPUHandles.cpp
-            src/webgpu/WebGPUHandles.h
             src/webgpu/WebGPUSwapChain.cpp
             src/webgpu/WebGPUSwapChain.h
+            src/webgpu/WebGPUHandles.cpp
+            src/webgpu/WebGPUHandles.h
     )
     if (WIN32)
         list(APPEND SRCS src/webgpu/platform/WebGPUPlatformWindows.cpp)
@@ -507,10 +507,7 @@ if (APPLE OR LINUX)
         test/Arguments.cpp
         test/ImageExpectations.cpp
         test/Lifetimes.cpp
-        test/PlatformRunner.cpp
         test/Shader.cpp
-        test/SharedShaders.cpp
-        test/Skip.cpp
         test/test_FeedbackLoops.cpp
         test/test_Blit.cpp
         test/test_MissingRequiredAttributes.cpp

filament/backend/include/backend/BufferObjectStreamDescriptor.h

@@ -55,9 +55,4 @@ public:
 
 } // namespace filament::backend
 
-#if !defined(NDEBUG)
-utils::io::ostream& operator<<(utils::io::ostream& out,
-        const filament::backend::BufferObjectStreamDescriptor& b);
-#endif
-
 #endif // TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_BUFFEROBJECTSTREAMDESCRIPTOR_H

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h

@@ -104,6 +104,10 @@ public:
 
         // Semaphore to be signaled once the image is available.
         VkSemaphore imageReadySemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+        // A function called right before vkQueueSubmit. After this call, the image must be 
+        // available. This pointer can be null if imageReadySemaphore is not VK_NULL_HANDLE.
+        std::function<void(SwapChainPtr handle)> explicitImageReadyWait = nullptr;
     };
 
     VulkanPlatform();

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/WebGPUPlatform.h

@@ -38,12 +38,6 @@ public:
 
     [[nodiscard]] wgpu::Instance& getInstance() noexcept { return mInstance; }
 
-    // TODO consider that this functionality is not WebGPU-specific, and thus could be
-    //      placed in a generic place and even reused across backends. Alternatively,
-    //      a 3rd party library could be considered. However, this was a simple and
-    //      quick change and works for now.
-    // gets the size (height and width) of the surface/window
-    [[nodiscard]] wgpu::Extent2D getSurfaceExtent(void* nativeWindow) const;
     // either returns a valid surface or panics
     [[nodiscard]] wgpu::Surface createSurface(void* nativeWindow, uint64_t flags);
     // either returns a valid adapter or panics

filament/backend/src/opengl/ShaderCompilerService.cpp

@@ -54,27 +54,31 @@ using namespace utils;
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-static inline std::string to_string(bool b) noexcept { return b ? "true" : "false"; }
+static void logCompilationError(utils::io::ostream& out,
-static inline std::string to_string(int i) noexcept { return std::to_string(i); }
+        ShaderStage shaderType, const char* name,
-static inline std::string to_string(float f) noexcept { return "float(" + std::to_string(f) + ")"; }
-
-static void logCompilationError(io::ostream& out, ShaderStage shaderType, const char* name,
         GLuint shaderId, CString const& sourceCode) noexcept;
-static void logProgramLinkError(io::ostream& out, char const* name, GLuint program) noexcept;
 
-static void process_GOOGLE_cpp_style_line_directive(OpenGLContext& context, char* source,
+static void logProgramLinkError(utils::io::ostream& out,
-        size_t len) noexcept;
+        const char* name, GLuint program) noexcept;
-static void process_OVR_multiview2(OpenGLContext& context, int32_t eyeCount, char* source,
+
-        size_t len) noexcept;
+static inline std::string to_string(bool b) noexcept {
-static std::string_view process_ARB_shading_language_packing(OpenGLContext& context) noexcept;
+    return b ? "true" : "false";
-static std::array<std::string_view, 3> splitShaderSource(std::string_view source) noexcept;
+}
+
+static inline std::string to_string(int i) noexcept {
+    return std::to_string(i);
+}
+
+static inline std::string to_string(float f) noexcept {
+    return "float(" + std::to_string(f) + ")";
+}
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 struct ShaderCompilerService::OpenGLProgramToken : ProgramToken {
     struct ProgramData {
         GLuint program{};
-        shaders_t shaders{};
+        std::array<GLuint, Program::SHADER_TYPE_COUNT> shaders{};
     };
 
     ~OpenGLProgramToken() override;
@@ -86,10 +90,10 @@ struct ShaderCompilerService::OpenGLProgramToken : ProgramToken {
     ShaderCompilerService& compiler;
     utils::CString const& name;
     utils::FixedCapacityVector<std::pair<utils::CString, uint8_t>> attributes;
-    shaders_source_t shaderSourceCode;
+    std::array<utils::CString, Program::SHADER_TYPE_COUNT> shaderSourceCode;
     void* user = nullptr;
     struct {
-        shaders_t shaders{};
+        std::array<GLuint, Program::SHADER_TYPE_COUNT> shaders{};
         GLuint program = 0;
     } gl; // 12 bytes
 
@@ -136,12 +140,11 @@ struct ShaderCompilerService::OpenGLProgramToken : ProgramToken {
 
 ShaderCompilerService::OpenGLProgramToken::~OpenGLProgramToken() = default;
 
-/* static */ void ShaderCompilerService::setUserData(const program_token_t& token,
+void ShaderCompilerService::setUserData(const program_token_t& token, void* user) noexcept {
-        void* user) noexcept {
     token->user = user;
 }
 
-/* static */ void* ShaderCompilerService::getUserData(const program_token_t& token) noexcept {
+void* ShaderCompilerService::getUserData(const program_token_t& token) noexcept {
     return token->user;
 }
 
@@ -265,13 +268,12 @@ ShaderCompilerService::program_token_t ShaderCompilerService::createProgram(
     token->handle = mCallbackManager.get();
 
     CompilerPriorityQueue const priorityQueue = program.getPriorityQueue();
-    switch (mMode) {
+    if (mMode == Mode::THREAD_POOL) {
-        case Mode::THREAD_POOL: {
         // queue a compile job
         mCompilerThreadPool.queue(priorityQueue, token,
                 [this, &gl, program = std::move(program), token]() mutable {
                     // compile the shaders
-                        shaders_t shaders{};
+                    std::array<GLuint, Program::SHADER_TYPE_COUNT> shaders{};
                     compileShaders(gl,
                             std::move(program.getShadersSource()),
                             program.getSpecializationConstants(),
@@ -304,11 +306,8 @@ ShaderCompilerService::program_token_t ShaderCompilerService::createProgram(
                         mBlobCache.insert(mDriver.mPlatform, token->key, glProgram);
                     }
                 });
-            break;
-        }
 
-        case Mode::SYNCHRONOUS:
+    } else {
-        case Mode::ASYNCHRONOUS: {
         // this cannot fail because we check compilation status after linking the program
         // shaders[] is filled with id of shader stages present.
         compileShaders(gl,
@@ -364,12 +363,6 @@ ShaderCompilerService::program_token_t ShaderCompilerService::createProgram(
 
             return true;
         });
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case Mode::UNDEFINED: {
-            assert_invariant(false);
-        }
     }
 
     return token;
@@ -384,12 +377,12 @@ GLuint ShaderCompilerService::getProgram(ShaderCompilerService::program_token_t&
     return program;
 }
 
-/* static */ void ShaderCompilerService::terminate(program_token_t& token) {
+void ShaderCompilerService::terminate(program_token_t& token) {
     assert_invariant(token);
 
     token->canceled = true;
 
-    bool const isTickOpCanceled = token->compiler.cancelTickOp(token);
+    bool const canceled = token->compiler.cancelTickOp(token);
 
     if (token->compiler.mMode == Mode::THREAD_POOL) {
         auto job = token->compiler.mCompilerThreadPool.dequeue(token);
@@ -402,7 +395,7 @@ GLuint ShaderCompilerService::getProgram(ShaderCompilerService::program_token_t&
             // order for future callbacks to be successfully called.
             token->compiler.mCallbackManager.put(token->handle);
         }
-    } else if (isTickOpCanceled) {
+    } else if (canceled) {
         // Since the tick op was canceled, we need to .put the token here.
         token->compiler.mCallbackManager.put(token->handle);
     }
@@ -439,8 +432,7 @@ void ShaderCompilerService::notifyWhenAllProgramsAreReady(
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-/* static */ void ShaderCompilerService::getProgramFromCompilerPool(
+void ShaderCompilerService::getProgramFromCompilerPool(program_token_t& token) noexcept {
-        program_token_t& token) noexcept {
     OpenGLProgramToken::ProgramData const& programData{ token->get() };
     if (!token->canceled) {
         token->gl.shaders = programData.shaders;
@@ -451,8 +443,7 @@ void ShaderCompilerService::notifyWhenAllProgramsAreReady(
 GLuint ShaderCompilerService::initialize(program_token_t& token) noexcept {
     SYSTRACE_CALL();
     if (!token->gl.program) {
-        switch (mMode) {
+        if (mMode == Mode::THREAD_POOL) {
-            case Mode::THREAD_POOL: {
             // we need this program right now, remove it from the queue
             auto job = mCompilerThreadPool.dequeue(token);
             if (job) {
@@ -468,16 +459,13 @@ GLuint ShaderCompilerService::initialize(program_token_t& token) noexcept {
             // Block until we get the program from the pool. Generally this wouldn't block
             // because we just compiled the program above, when executing job.
             ShaderCompilerService::getProgramFromCompilerPool(token);
-                break;
+        } else if (mMode == Mode::ASYNCHRONOUS) {
-            }
-
-            case Mode::ASYNCHRONOUS: {
             // we force the program link -- which might stall, either here or below in
             // checkProgramStatus(), but we don't have a choice, we need to use the program now.
             token->compiler.cancelTickOp(token);
 
-                token->gl.program =
+            token->gl.program = linkProgram(mDriver.getContext(),
-                        linkProgram(mDriver.getContext(), token->gl.shaders, token->attributes);
+                    token->gl.shaders, token->attributes);
 
             assert_invariant(token->gl.program);
 
@@ -486,18 +474,9 @@ GLuint ShaderCompilerService::initialize(program_token_t& token) noexcept {
             if (token->key) {
                 mBlobCache.insert(mDriver.mPlatform, token->key, token->gl.program);
             }
-                break;
+        } else {
-            }
-
-            case Mode::SYNCHRONOUS: {
             // if we don't have a program yet, block until we get it.
             tick();
-                break;
-            }
-
-            case Mode::UNDEFINED: {
-                assert_invariant(false);
-            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -540,12 +519,12 @@ GLuint ShaderCompilerService::initialize(program_token_t& token) noexcept {
  * checked until after the program is linked.
  * This always returns the GL shader IDs or zero a shader stage is not present.
  */
-/* static */ void ShaderCompilerService::compileShaders(OpenGLContext& context,
+void ShaderCompilerService::compileShaders(OpenGLContext& context,
         Program::ShaderSource shadersSource,
         utils::FixedCapacityVector<Program::SpecializationConstant> const& specializationConstants,
         bool multiview,
-        shaders_t& outShaders,
+        std::array<GLuint, Program::SHADER_TYPE_COUNT>& outShaders,
-        UTILS_UNUSED_IN_RELEASE shaders_source_t& outShaderSourceCode) noexcept {
+        UTILS_UNUSED_IN_RELEASE std::array<CString, Program::SHADER_TYPE_COUNT>& outShaderSourceCode) noexcept {
 
     SYSTRACE_CALL();
 
@@ -656,13 +635,209 @@ GLuint ShaderCompilerService::initialize(program_token_t& token) noexcept {
     }
 }
 
+// If usages of the Google-style line directive are present, remove them, as some
+// drivers don't allow the quotation marks. This source modification happens in-place.
+void ShaderCompilerService::process_GOOGLE_cpp_style_line_directive(OpenGLContext& context,
+        char* source, size_t len) noexcept {
+    if (!context.ext.GOOGLE_cpp_style_line_directive) {
+        if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(requestsGoogleLineDirectivesExtension({ source, len }))) {
+            removeGoogleLineDirectives(source, len); // length is unaffected
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Look up the `source` to replace the number of eyes for multiview with the given number. This is
+// necessary for OpenGL because OpenGL relies on the number specified in shader files to determine
+// the number of views, which is assumed as a single digit, for multiview.
+// This source modification happens in-place.
+void ShaderCompilerService::process_OVR_multiview2(OpenGLContext& context,
+        int32_t eyeCount, char* source, size_t len) noexcept {
+    // We don't use regular expression in favor of performance.
+    if (context.ext.OVR_multiview2) {
+        const std::string_view shader{ source, len };
+        const std::string_view layout = "layout";
+        const std::string_view num_views = "num_views";
+        size_t found = 0;
+        while (true) {
+            found = shader.find(layout, found);
+            if (found == std::string_view::npos) {
+                break;
+            }
+            found = shader.find_first_not_of(' ', found + layout.size());
+            if (found == std::string_view::npos || shader[found] != '(') {
+                continue;
+            }
+            found = shader.find_first_not_of(' ', found + 1);
+            if (found == std::string_view::npos) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (shader.compare(found, num_views.size(), num_views) != 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            found = shader.find_first_not_of(' ', found + num_views.size());
+            if (found == std::string_view::npos || shader[found] != '=') {
+                continue;
+            }
+            found = shader.find_first_not_of(' ', found + 1);
+            if (found == std::string_view::npos) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // We assume the value should be one-digit number.
+            assert_invariant(eyeCount < 10);
+            assert_invariant(!::isdigit(source[found + 1]));
+            source[found] = '0' + eyeCount;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Tragically, OpenGL 4.1 doesn't support unpackHalf2x16 (appeared in 4.2) and
+// macOS doesn't support GL_ARB_shading_language_packing
+// Also GLES3.0 didn't have the full set of packing/unpacking functions
+std::string_view ShaderCompilerService::process_ARB_shading_language_packing(OpenGLContext& context) noexcept {
+    using namespace std::literals;
+#ifdef BACKEND_OPENGL_VERSION_GL
+    if (!context.isAtLeastGL<4, 2>() && !context.ext.ARB_shading_language_packing) {
+        return R"(
+
+// these don't handle denormals, NaNs or inf
+float u16tofp32(highp uint v) {
+    v <<= 16u;
+    highp uint s = v & 0x80000000u;
+    highp uint n = v & 0x7FFFFFFFu;
+    highp uint nz = (n == 0u) ? 0u : 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+    return uintBitsToFloat(s | ((((n >> 3u) + (0x70u << 23u))) & nz));
+}
+vec2 unpackHalf2x16(highp uint v) {
+    return vec2(u16tofp32(v&0xFFFFu), u16tofp32(v>>16u));
+}
+uint fp32tou16(float val) {
+    uint f32 = floatBitsToUint(val);
+    uint f16 = 0u;
+    uint sign = (f32 >> 16u) & 0x8000u;
+    int exponent = int((f32 >> 23u) & 0xFFu) - 127;
+    uint mantissa = f32 & 0x007FFFFFu;
+    if (exponent > 15) {
+        f16 = sign | (0x1Fu << 10u);
+    } else if (exponent > -15) {
+        exponent += 15;
+        mantissa >>= 13;
+        f16 = sign | uint(exponent << 10) | mantissa;
+    } else {
+        f16 = sign;
+    }
+    return f16;
+}
+highp uint packHalf2x16(vec2 v) {
+    highp uint x = fp32tou16(v.x);
+    highp uint y = fp32tou16(v.y);
+    return (y << 16u) | x;
+}
+highp uint packUnorm4x8(mediump vec4 v) {
+    v = round(clamp(v, 0.0, 1.0) * 255.0);
+    highp uint a = uint(v.x);
+    highp uint b = uint(v.y) <<  8;
+    highp uint c = uint(v.z) << 16;
+    highp uint d = uint(v.w) << 24;
+    return (a|b|c|d);
+}
+highp uint packSnorm4x8(mediump vec4 v) {
+    v = round(clamp(v, -1.0, 1.0) * 127.0);
+    highp uint a = uint((int(v.x) & 0xff));
+    highp uint b = uint((int(v.y) & 0xff)) <<  8;
+    highp uint c = uint((int(v.z) & 0xff)) << 16;
+    highp uint d = uint((int(v.w) & 0xff)) << 24;
+    return (a|b|c|d);
+}
+mediump vec4 unpackUnorm4x8(highp uint v) {
+    return vec4(float((v & 0x000000ffu)      ),
+                float((v & 0x0000ff00u) >>  8),
+                float((v & 0x00ff0000u) >> 16),
+                float((v & 0xff000000u) >> 24)) / 255.0;
+}
+mediump vec4 unpackSnorm4x8(highp uint v) {
+    int a = int(((v       ) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
+    int b = int(((v >>  8u) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
+    int c = int(((v >> 16u) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
+    int d = int(((v >> 24u) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
+    return clamp(vec4(float(a), float(b), float(c), float(d)) / 127.0, -1.0, 1.0);
+}
+)"sv;
+    }
+#endif // BACKEND_OPENGL_VERSION_GL
+
+#ifdef BACKEND_OPENGL_VERSION_GLES
+    if (!context.isES2() && !context.isAtLeastGLES<3, 1>()) {
+        return R"(
+
+highp uint packUnorm4x8(mediump vec4 v) {
+    v = round(clamp(v, 0.0, 1.0) * 255.0);
+    highp uint a = uint(v.x);
+    highp uint b = uint(v.y) <<  8;
+    highp uint c = uint(v.z) << 16;
+    highp uint d = uint(v.w) << 24;
+    return (a|b|c|d);
+}
+highp uint packSnorm4x8(mediump vec4 v) {
+    v = round(clamp(v, -1.0, 1.0) * 127.0);
+    highp uint a = uint((int(v.x) & 0xff));
+    highp uint b = uint((int(v.y) & 0xff)) <<  8;
+    highp uint c = uint((int(v.z) & 0xff)) << 16;
+    highp uint d = uint((int(v.w) & 0xff)) << 24;
+    return (a|b|c|d);
+}
+mediump vec4 unpackUnorm4x8(highp uint v) {
+    return vec4(float((v & 0x000000ffu)      ),
+                float((v & 0x0000ff00u) >>  8),
+                float((v & 0x00ff0000u) >> 16),
+                float((v & 0xff000000u) >> 24)) / 255.0;
+}
+mediump vec4 unpackSnorm4x8(highp uint v) {
+    int a = int(((v       ) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
+    int b = int(((v >>  8u) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
+    int c = int(((v >> 16u) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
+    int d = int(((v >> 24u) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
+    return clamp(vec4(float(a), float(b), float(c), float(d)) / 127.0, -1.0, 1.0);
+}
+)"sv;
+    }
+#endif // BACKEND_OPENGL_VERSION_GLES
+    return ""sv;
+}
+
+// split shader source code in three:
+// - the version line
+// - extensions
+// - everything else
+std::array<std::string_view, 3> ShaderCompilerService::splitShaderSource(std::string_view source) noexcept {
+    auto version_start = source.find("#version");
+    assert_invariant(version_start != std::string_view::npos);
+
+    auto version_eol = source.find('\n', version_start) + 1;
+    assert_invariant(version_eol != std::string_view::npos);
+
+    auto prolog_start = version_eol;
+    auto prolog_eol = source.rfind("\n#extension"); // last #extension line
+    if (prolog_eol == std::string_view::npos) {
+        prolog_eol = prolog_start;
+    } else {
+        prolog_eol = source.find('\n', prolog_eol + 1) + 1;
+    }
+    auto body_start = prolog_eol;
+
+    std::string_view const version = source.substr(version_start, version_eol - version_start);
+    std::string_view const prolog = source.substr(prolog_start, prolog_eol - prolog_start);
+    std::string_view const body = source.substr(body_start, source.length() - body_start);
+    return { version, prolog, body };
+}
+
 /*
  * Create a program from the given shader IDs and links it. This cannot fail because errors
  * are checked later. This always returns a valid GL program ID (which doesn't mean the
  * program itself is valid).
  */
-/* static */ GLuint ShaderCompilerService::linkProgram(OpenGLContext& context,
+GLuint ShaderCompilerService::linkProgram(OpenGLContext& context,
-        shaders_t const& shaders,
+        std::array<GLuint, Program::SHADER_TYPE_COUNT> shaders,
         utils::FixedCapacityVector<std::pair<utils::CString, uint8_t>> const& attributes) noexcept {
 
     SYSTRACE_CALL();
@@ -738,7 +913,7 @@ void ShaderCompilerService::executeTickOps() noexcept {
  * Checks a program link status and logs errors and frees resources on failure.
  * Returns true on success.
  */
-/* static */ bool ShaderCompilerService::checkProgramStatus(program_token_t const& token) noexcept {
+bool ShaderCompilerService::checkProgramStatus(program_token_t const& token) noexcept {
 
     SYSTRACE_CALL();
 
@@ -773,24 +948,20 @@ void ShaderCompilerService::executeTickOps() noexcept {
     return false;
 }
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 UTILS_NOINLINE
-/* static */ void logCompilationError(io::ostream& out, ShaderStage shaderType, const char* name,
+void logCompilationError(io::ostream& out, ShaderStage shaderType,
-        GLuint shaderId, UTILS_UNUSED_IN_RELEASE CString const& sourceCode) noexcept {
+        const char* name, GLuint shaderId,
+        UTILS_UNUSED_IN_RELEASE CString const& sourceCode) noexcept {
 
     auto to_string = [](ShaderStage type) -> const char* {
         switch (type) {
-            case ShaderStage::VERTEX:
+            case ShaderStage::VERTEX:   return "vertex";
-                return "vertex";
+            case ShaderStage::FRAGMENT: return "fragment";
-            case ShaderStage::FRAGMENT:
+            case ShaderStage::COMPUTE:  return "compute";
-                return "fragment";
-            case ShaderStage::COMPUTE:
-                return "compute";
         }
     };
 
-    {// scope for the temporary string storage
+    { // scope for the temporary string storage
         GLint length = 0;
         glGetShaderiv(shaderId, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &length);
 
@@ -798,7 +969,8 @@ UTILS_NOINLINE
         glGetShaderInfoLog(shaderId, length, nullptr, infoLog.data());
 
         out << "Compilation error in " << to_string(shaderType) << " shader \"" << name << "\":\n"
-            << "\"" << infoLog.c_str() << "\"" << io::endl;
+            << "\"" << infoLog.c_str() << "\""
+            << io::endl;
     }
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
@@ -824,7 +996,7 @@ UTILS_NOINLINE
 }
 
 UTILS_NOINLINE
-/* static */ void logProgramLinkError(io::ostream& out, char const* name, GLuint program) noexcept {
+void logProgramLinkError(io::ostream& out, char const* name, GLuint program) noexcept {
     GLint length = 0;
     glGetProgramiv(program, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &length);
 
@@ -832,204 +1004,9 @@ UTILS_NOINLINE
     glGetProgramInfoLog(program, length, nullptr, infoLog.data());
 
     out << "Link error in \"" << name << "\":\n"
-        << "\"" << infoLog.c_str() << "\"" << io::endl;
+        << "\"" << infoLog.c_str() << "\""
+        << io::endl;
 }
 
-// If usages of the Google-style line directive are present, remove them, as some
-// drivers don't allow the quotation marks. This source modification happens in-place.
-/* static */ void process_GOOGLE_cpp_style_line_directive(OpenGLContext& context, char* source,
-        size_t len) noexcept {
-    if (!context.ext.GOOGLE_cpp_style_line_directive) {
-        if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(requestsGoogleLineDirectivesExtension({ source, len }))) {
-            removeGoogleLineDirectives(source, len);// length is unaffected
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Look up the `source` to replace the number of eyes for multiview with the given number. This is
-// necessary for OpenGL because OpenGL relies on the number specified in shader files to determine
-// the number of views, which is assumed as a single digit, for multiview.
-// This source modification happens in-place.
-/* static */ void process_OVR_multiview2(OpenGLContext& context, int32_t eyeCount, char* source,
-        size_t len) noexcept {
-    // We don't use regular expression in favor of performance.
-    if (context.ext.OVR_multiview2) {
-        const std::string_view shader{ source, len };
-        const std::string_view layout = "layout";
-        const std::string_view num_views = "num_views";
-        size_t found = 0;
-        while (true) {
-            found = shader.find(layout, found);
-            if (found == std::string_view::npos) {
-                break;
-            }
-            found = shader.find_first_not_of(' ', found + layout.size());
-            if (found == std::string_view::npos || shader[found] != '(') {
-                continue;
-            }
-            found = shader.find_first_not_of(' ', found + 1);
-            if (found == std::string_view::npos) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (shader.compare(found, num_views.size(), num_views) != 0) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            found = shader.find_first_not_of(' ', found + num_views.size());
-            if (found == std::string_view::npos || shader[found] != '=') {
-                continue;
-            }
-            found = shader.find_first_not_of(' ', found + 1);
-            if (found == std::string_view::npos) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            // We assume the value should be one-digit number.
-            assert_invariant(eyeCount < 10);
-            assert_invariant(!::isdigit(source[found + 1]));
-            source[found] = '0' + eyeCount;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Tragically, OpenGL 4.1 doesn't support unpackHalf2x16 (appeared in 4.2) and
-// macOS doesn't support GL_ARB_shading_language_packing
-// Also GLES3.0 didn't have the full set of packing/unpacking functions
-/* static */ std::string_view process_ARB_shading_language_packing(
-        OpenGLContext& context) noexcept {
-    using namespace std::literals;
-#ifdef BACKEND_OPENGL_VERSION_GL
-    if (!context.isAtLeastGL<4, 2>() && !context.ext.ARB_shading_language_packing) {
-        return R"(
-
-// these don't handle denormals, NaNs or inf
-float u16tofp32(highp uint v) {
-    v <<= 16u;
-    highp uint s = v & 0x80000000u;
-    highp uint n = v & 0x7FFFFFFFu;
-    highp uint nz = (n == 0u) ? 0u : 0xFFFFFFFFu;
-    return uintBitsToFloat(s | ((((n >> 3u) + (0x70u << 23u))) & nz));
-}
-vec2 unpackHalf2x16(highp uint v) {
-    return vec2(u16tofp32(v&0xFFFFu), u16tofp32(v>>16u));
-}
-uint fp32tou16(float val) {
-    uint f32 = floatBitsToUint(val);
-    uint f16 = 0u;
-    uint sign = (f32 >> 16u) & 0x8000u;
-    int exponent = int((f32 >> 23u) & 0xFFu) - 127;
-    uint mantissa = f32 & 0x007FFFFFu;
-    if (exponent > 15) {
-        f16 = sign | (0x1Fu << 10u);
-    } else if (exponent > -15) {
-        exponent += 15;
-        mantissa >>= 13;
-        f16 = sign | uint(exponent << 10) | mantissa;
-    } else {
-        f16 = sign;
-    }
-    return f16;
-}
-highp uint packHalf2x16(vec2 v) {
-    highp uint x = fp32tou16(v.x);
-    highp uint y = fp32tou16(v.y);
-    return (y << 16u) | x;
-}
-highp uint packUnorm4x8(mediump vec4 v) {
-    v = round(clamp(v, 0.0, 1.0) * 255.0);
-    highp uint a = uint(v.x);
-    highp uint b = uint(v.y) <<  8;
-    highp uint c = uint(v.z) << 16;
-    highp uint d = uint(v.w) << 24;
-    return (a|b|c|d);
-}
-highp uint packSnorm4x8(mediump vec4 v) {
-    v = round(clamp(v, -1.0, 1.0) * 127.0);
-    highp uint a = uint((int(v.x) & 0xff));
-    highp uint b = uint((int(v.y) & 0xff)) <<  8;
-    highp uint c = uint((int(v.z) & 0xff)) << 16;
-    highp uint d = uint((int(v.w) & 0xff)) << 24;
-    return (a|b|c|d);
-}
-mediump vec4 unpackUnorm4x8(highp uint v) {
-    return vec4(float((v & 0x000000ffu)      ),
-                float((v & 0x0000ff00u) >>  8),
-                float((v & 0x00ff0000u) >> 16),
-                float((v & 0xff000000u) >> 24)) / 255.0;
-}
-mediump vec4 unpackSnorm4x8(highp uint v) {
-    int a = int(((v       ) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
-    int b = int(((v >>  8u) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
-    int c = int(((v >> 16u) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
-    int d = int(((v >> 24u) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
-    return clamp(vec4(float(a), float(b), float(c), float(d)) / 127.0, -1.0, 1.0);
-}
-)"sv;
-    }
-#endif// BACKEND_OPENGL_VERSION_GL
-
-#ifdef BACKEND_OPENGL_VERSION_GLES
-    if (!context.isES2() && !context.isAtLeastGLES<3, 1>()) {
-        return R"(
-
-highp uint packUnorm4x8(mediump vec4 v) {
-    v = round(clamp(v, 0.0, 1.0) * 255.0);
-    highp uint a = uint(v.x);
-    highp uint b = uint(v.y) <<  8;
-    highp uint c = uint(v.z) << 16;
-    highp uint d = uint(v.w) << 24;
-    return (a|b|c|d);
-}
-highp uint packSnorm4x8(mediump vec4 v) {
-    v = round(clamp(v, -1.0, 1.0) * 127.0);
-    highp uint a = uint((int(v.x) & 0xff));
-    highp uint b = uint((int(v.y) & 0xff)) <<  8;
-    highp uint c = uint((int(v.z) & 0xff)) << 16;
-    highp uint d = uint((int(v.w) & 0xff)) << 24;
-    return (a|b|c|d);
-}
-mediump vec4 unpackUnorm4x8(highp uint v) {
-    return vec4(float((v & 0x000000ffu)      ),
-                float((v & 0x0000ff00u) >>  8),
-                float((v & 0x00ff0000u) >> 16),
-                float((v & 0xff000000u) >> 24)) / 255.0;
-}
-mediump vec4 unpackSnorm4x8(highp uint v) {
-    int a = int(((v       ) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
-    int b = int(((v >>  8u) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
-    int c = int(((v >> 16u) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
-    int d = int(((v >> 24u) & 0xffu) << 24u) >> 24 ;
-    return clamp(vec4(float(a), float(b), float(c), float(d)) / 127.0, -1.0, 1.0);
-}
-)"sv;
-    }
-#endif// BACKEND_OPENGL_VERSION_GLES
-    return ""sv;
-}
-
-// split shader source code in three:
-// - the version line
-// - extensions
-// - everything else
-/* static */ std::array<std::string_view, 3> splitShaderSource(std::string_view source) noexcept {
-    auto version_start = source.find("#version");
-    assert_invariant(version_start != std::string_view::npos);
-
-    auto version_eol = source.find('\n', version_start) + 1;
-    assert_invariant(version_eol != std::string_view::npos);
-
-    auto prolog_start = version_eol;
-    auto prolog_eol = source.rfind("\n#extension");// last #extension line
-    if (prolog_eol == std::string_view::npos) {
-        prolog_eol = prolog_start;
-    } else {
-        prolog_eol = source.find('\n', prolog_eol + 1) + 1;
-    }
-    auto body_start = prolog_eol;
-
-    std::string_view const version = source.substr(version_start, version_eol - version_start);
-    std::string_view const prolog = source.substr(prolog_start, prolog_eol - prolog_start);
-    std::string_view const body = source.substr(body_start, source.length() - body_start);
-    return { version, prolog, body };
-}
 
 } // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/opengl/ShaderCompilerService.h

@@ -57,8 +57,6 @@ class ShaderCompilerService {
 
 public:
     using program_token_t = std::shared_ptr<OpenGLProgramToken>;
-    using shaders_t = std::array<GLuint, Program::SHADER_TYPE_COUNT>;
-    using shaders_source_t = std::array<utils::CString, Program::SHADER_TYPE_COUNT>;
 
     explicit ShaderCompilerService(OpenGLDriver& driver);
 
@@ -136,9 +134,22 @@ private:
             OpenGLContext& context,
             Program::ShaderSource shadersSource,
             utils::FixedCapacityVector<Program::SpecializationConstant> const& specializationConstants,
-            bool multiview, shaders_t& outShaders, shaders_source_t& outShaderSourceCode) noexcept;
+            bool multiview,
+            std::array<GLuint, Program::SHADER_TYPE_COUNT>& outShaders,
+            std::array<utils::CString, Program::SHADER_TYPE_COUNT>& outShaderSourceCode) noexcept;
 
-    static GLuint linkProgram(OpenGLContext& context, shaders_t const& shaders,
+    static void process_GOOGLE_cpp_style_line_directive(OpenGLContext& context,
+            char* source, size_t len) noexcept;
+
+    static void process_OVR_multiview2(OpenGLContext& context, int32_t eyeCount,
+            char* source, size_t len) noexcept;
+
+    static std::string_view process_ARB_shading_language_packing(OpenGLContext& context) noexcept;
+
+    static std::array<std::string_view, 3> splitShaderSource(std::string_view source) noexcept;
+
+    static GLuint linkProgram(OpenGLContext& context,
+            std::array<GLuint, Program::SHADER_TYPE_COUNT> shaders,
             utils::FixedCapacityVector<std::pair<utils::CString, uint8_t>> const& attributes) noexcept;
 
     static bool checkProgramStatus(program_token_t const& token) noexcept;

filament/backend/src/ostream.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
  */
 
 #include <backend/BufferDescriptor.h>
-#include <backend/BufferObjectStreamDescriptor.h>
 #include <backend/DescriptorSetOffsetArray.h>
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
 #include <backend/PipelineState.h>
@@ -438,10 +437,6 @@ io::ostream& operator<<(io::ostream& out, BufferDescriptor const& b) {
     << ", user=" << b.getUser() << " }";
 }
 
-io::ostream& operator<<(io::ostream& out, const BufferObjectStreamDescriptor& b) {
-    return out << "BufferObjectStreamDescriptor{ streams(" << b.mStreams.size() << ")=... }";
-}
-
 io::ostream& operator<<(io::ostream& out, PixelBufferDescriptor const& b) {
     BufferDescriptor const& base = static_cast<BufferDescriptor const&>(b);
     return out << "PixelBufferDescriptor{ " << base

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanContext.h

@@ -70,11 +70,13 @@ struct VulkanRenderPass {
 // context are stored in VulkanPlatform.
 struct VulkanContext {
 public:
-    static uint32_t selectMemoryType(VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties const& memoryProperties,
+    inline uint32_t selectMemoryType(uint32_t flags, VkFlags reqs) const {
-            uint32_t flags, VkFlags reqs) {
+        if ((reqs & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT) != 0) {
+            assert_invariant(isProtectedMemorySupported() == true);
+        }
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES; i++) {
             if (flags & 1) {
-                if ((memoryProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & reqs) == reqs) {
+                if ((mMemoryProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & reqs) == reqs) {
                     return i;
                 }
             }
@@ -83,13 +85,6 @@ public:
         return (uint32_t) VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES;
     }
 
-    inline uint32_t selectMemoryType(uint32_t flags, VkFlags reqs) const {
-        if ((reqs & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT) != 0) {
-            assert_invariant(isProtectedMemorySupported());
-        }
-        return selectMemoryType(mMemoryProperties, flags, reqs);
-    }
-
     inline fvkutils::VkFormatList const& getAttachmentDepthStencilFormats() const {
         return mDepthStencilFormats;
     }
@@ -123,7 +118,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     inline bool isMultiviewEnabled() const noexcept {
-        return mPhysicalDeviceVk11Features.multiview == VK_TRUE;
+        return mMultiviewEnabled;
     }
 
     inline bool isClipDistanceSupported() const noexcept {
@@ -147,9 +142,6 @@ private:
     VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 mPhysicalDeviceProperties = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2,
     };
-    VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features mPhysicalDeviceVk11Features = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_1_FEATURES,
-    };
     VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 mPhysicalDeviceFeatures = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2,
     };
@@ -162,6 +154,7 @@ private:
     };
     bool mDebugMarkersSupported = false;
     bool mDebugUtilsSupported = false;
+    bool mMultiviewEnabled = false;
     bool mLazilyAllocatedMemorySupported = false;
     bool mProtectedMemorySupported = false;
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetCache.cpp

@@ -282,33 +282,26 @@ void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::commit(VulkanCommandBuffer* commands,
     fvkutils::DescriptorSetMask curMask = setMask;
 
     auto& updateSets = mStashedSets;
-    bool const pipelineLayoutIsSame = mLastBoundInfo.pipelineLayout == pipelineLayout;
-
-    if (pipelineLayoutIsSame) {
     auto& lastBoundSets = mLastBoundInfo.boundSets;
+
     setMask.forEachSetBit([&](size_t index) {
         if (!updateSets[index] || updateSets[index] == lastBoundSets[index]) {
             curMask.unset(index);
         }
     });
+
     if (curMask.none() &&
-                mLastBoundInfo.setMask == setMask && mLastBoundInfo.boundSets == updateSets) {
+            (mLastBoundInfo.pipelineLayout == pipelineLayout && mLastBoundInfo.setMask == setMask &&
+                    mLastBoundInfo.boundSets == updateSets)) {
         return;
     }
-    } else {
-        setMask.forEachSetBit([&](size_t index) {
-            if (!updateSets[index]) {
-                curMask.unset(index);
-            }
-        });
-    }
 
     curMask.forEachSetBit([&updateSets, commands, pipelineLayout](size_t index) {
         // This code actually binds the descriptor sets.
         auto set = updateSets[index];
         VkCommandBuffer const cmdbuffer = commands->buffer();
         vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(cmdbuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, index,
-                1, &set->getVkSet(), set->uniqueDynamicUboCount, set->getOffsets()->data());
+                1, &set->vkSet, set->uniqueDynamicUboCount, set->getOffsets()->data());
         commands->acquire(set);
     });
 
@@ -336,7 +329,7 @@ void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::updateBuffer(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescri
     }
     VkWriteDescriptorSet const descriptorWrite = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
-        .dstSet = set->getVkSet(),
+        .dstSet = set->vkSet,
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
         .descriptorType = type,
@@ -349,6 +342,10 @@ void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::updateBuffer(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescri
 void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::updateSampler(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> set,
         uint8_t binding, fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanTexture> texture,
         VkSampler sampler) noexcept {
+    VkDescriptorImageInfo info{
+        .sampler = sampler,
+        .imageLayout = fvkutils::getVkLayout(texture->getDefaultLayout()),
+    };
     VkImageSubresourceRange range = texture->getPrimaryViewRange();
     VkImageViewType const expectedType = texture->getViewType();
     if (any(texture->usage & TextureUsage::DEPTH_ATTACHMENT) &&
@@ -358,16 +355,12 @@ void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::updateSampler(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescr
         range.levelCount = 1;
         range.layerCount = 1;
     }
-    VkDescriptorImageInfo info{
+    info.imageView = texture->getView(range);
-        .sampler = sampler,
-        .imageView = texture->getView(range),
-        .imageLayout = fvkutils::getVkLayout(texture->getDefaultLayout()),
-    };
 
     VkWriteDescriptorSet const descriptorWrite = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
         .pNext = nullptr,
-        .dstSet = set->getVkSet(),
+        .dstSet = set->vkSet,
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
         .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
@@ -385,10 +378,10 @@ void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::updateInputAttachment(
 
 fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> VulkanDescriptorSetCache::createSet(
         Handle<HwDescriptorSet> handle, fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout> layout) {
-    auto const vkSet = getVkSet(layout);
+    auto const vkSet = mDescriptorPool->obtainSet(layout);
     auto const& count = layout->count;
     auto const vklayout = layout->getVkLayout();
-    auto set = fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet>::make(mResourceManager, handle,
+    return fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet>::make(mResourceManager, handle, vkSet,
             layout->bitmask.dynamicUbo, layout->count.dynamicUbo,
             [vkSet, count, vklayout, this](VulkanDescriptorSet*) {
                 // Note that mDescriptorPool could be gone due to terminate (when the backend shuts
@@ -397,20 +390,10 @@ fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> VulkanDescriptorSetCache::createSet
                     mDescriptorPool->recycle(count, vklayout, vkSet);
                 }
             });
-    set->setVkSet(vkSet);
-    return set;
 }
 
-VkDescriptorSet VulkanDescriptorSetCache::getVkSet(
+void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::gc() {
-        fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout> layout) {
+    mStashedSets = {};
-    return mDescriptorPool->obtainSet(layout);
 }
 
-void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::manualRecyle(VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::Count const& count,
-        VkDescriptorSetLayout vklayout, VkDescriptorSet vkSet) {
-    mDescriptorPool->recycle(count, vklayout, vkSet);
-}
-
-void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::gc() { mStashedSets = {}; }
-
 } // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetCache.h

@@ -41,8 +41,6 @@ public:
             VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::UNIQUE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_COUNT;
 
     using DescriptorSetLayoutArray = VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::DescriptorSetLayoutArray;
-    using DescriptorSetArray =
-            std::array<fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet>, UNIQUE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_COUNT>;
 
     VulkanDescriptorSetCache(VkDevice device, fvkmemory::ResourceManager* resourceManager);
     ~VulkanDescriptorSetCache();
@@ -70,21 +68,14 @@ public:
     fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> createSet(Handle<HwDescriptorSet> handle,
             fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout> layout);
 
-    // This method is only meant to be used with external samplers (or internally within this
-    // class).
-    VkDescriptorSet getVkSet(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout> layout);
-
-    // This method is only meant to be used with external samplers.
-    void manualRecyle(VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::Count const& count, VkDescriptorSetLayout vklayout,
-            VkDescriptorSet vkSet);
-
-    DescriptorSetArray const& getBoundSets() const { return mStashedSets; }
-
     void gc();
 
 private:
     class DescriptorInfinitePool;
 
+    using DescriptorSetArray =
+            std::array<fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet>, UNIQUE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_COUNT>;
+
     VkDevice mDevice;
     fvkmemory::ResourceManager* mResourceManager;
     std::unique_ptr<DescriptorInfinitePool> mDescriptorPool;

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache.cpp

@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 
 #include "VulkanHandles.h"
 
-#include <utils/Hash.h>
-
 namespace filament::backend {
 
 namespace {
@@ -60,56 +58,6 @@ uint32_t appendBindings(VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding* toBind, VkDescriptorType t
     return count;
 }
 
-uint32_t appendSamplerBindings(VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding* toBind,
-        fvkutils::SamplerBitmask const& mask, fvkutils::SamplerBitmask const& external,
-        utils::FixedCapacityVector<VkSampler> const& immutableSamplers) {
-    using Bitmask = fvkutils::SamplerBitmask;
-    uint32_t count = 0;
-    Bitmask alreadySeen;
-    uint8_t immutableIndex = 0;
-    size_t const immutableSamplerCount = immutableSamplers.size();
-    mask.forEachSetBit([&](size_t index) {
-        VkShaderStageFlags stages = 0;
-        uint32_t binding = 0;
-        if (index < fvkutils::getFragmentStageShift<Bitmask>()) {
-            binding = (uint32_t) index;
-            stages |= VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
-            auto fragIndex = index + fvkutils::getFragmentStageShift<Bitmask>();
-            if (mask.test(fragIndex)) {
-                stages |= VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
-                alreadySeen.set(fragIndex);
-            }
-        } else if (!alreadySeen.test(index)) {
-            // We are in fragment stage bits
-            binding = (uint32_t) (index - fvkutils::getFragmentStageShift<Bitmask>());
-            stages |= VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
-        }
-
-        if (stages) {
-            toBind[count++] = {
-                .binding = binding,
-                .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
-                .descriptorCount = 1,
-                .stageFlags = stages,
-                .pImmutableSamplers = external[index] && immutableSamplerCount > immutableIndex
-                                              ? &immutableSamplers[immutableIndex++]
-                                              : nullptr,
-            };
-        }
-    });
-    return count;
-}
-
-uint64_t computeImmutableSamplerHash(utils::FixedCapacityVector<VkSampler> const& samplers) {
-    size_t const size = samplers.size();
-    if (size == 0) {
-        return 0;
-    } else if (size == 1) {
-        return (uint64_t) samplers[0];
-    }
-    return utils::hash::murmur3((uint32_t*) samplers.data(), samplers.size() * 2, 0);
-}
-
 } // anonymous namespace
 
 VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache::VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache(VkDevice device,
@@ -125,44 +73,37 @@ void VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache::terminate() noexcept {
     }
 }
 
-VkDescriptorSetLayout VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache::getVkLayout(
+fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout> VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache::createLayout(
-        VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::Bitmask const& bitmasks,
+        Handle<HwDescriptorSetLayout> handle, backend::DescriptorSetLayout&& info) {
-        utils::FixedCapacityVector<VkSampler> immutableSamplers) {
+    auto layout = fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout>::make(mResourceManager, handle,
-    LayoutKey key = {
+            info);
-        .bitmask = bitmasks,
+    VkDescriptorSetLayout vklayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        .immutableSamplerHash = computeImmutableSamplerHash(immutableSamplers),
+    auto const& bitmasks = layout->bitmask;
-    };
+    if (auto itr = mVkLayouts.find(bitmasks); itr != mVkLayouts.end()) {
-    if (auto itr = mVkLayouts.find(key); itr != mVkLayouts.end()) {
+        vklayout = itr->second;
-        return itr->second;
+    } else {
-    }
-
         VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding toBind[VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::MAX_BINDINGS];
         uint32_t count = 0;
         count += appendBindings(&toBind[count], VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC,
                 bitmasks.dynamicUbo);
         count += appendBindings(&toBind[count], VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, bitmasks.ubo);
-    count += appendSamplerBindings(&toBind[count], bitmasks.sampler, bitmasks.externalSampler,
+        count += appendBindings(&toBind[count], VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
-            immutableSamplers);
+                bitmasks.sampler);
         count += appendBindings(&toBind[count], VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT,
                 bitmasks.inputAttachment);
 
         assert_invariant(count != 0 && "Need at least one binding for descriptor set layout.");
         VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo dlinfo = {
             .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+            .pNext = nullptr,
             .bindingCount = count,
             .pBindings = toBind,
         };
-    VkDescriptorSetLayout vklayout;
-    vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(mDevice, &dlinfo, VKALLOC, &vklayout);
-    mVkLayouts[key] = vklayout;
-    return vklayout;
-}
 
-fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout> VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache::createLayout(
+        vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(mDevice, &dlinfo, VKALLOC, &vklayout);
-        Handle<HwDescriptorSetLayout> handle, backend::DescriptorSetLayout&& info) {
+        mVkLayouts[bitmasks] = vklayout;
-    auto layout = fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout>::make(mResourceManager, handle,
+    }
-            info);
+    layout->setVkLayout(vklayout);
-    layout->setVkLayout(getVkLayout(layout->bitmask));
     return layout;
 }
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache.h

@@ -26,11 +26,12 @@
 #include <backend/TargetBufferInfo.h>
 
 #include <utils/bitset.h>
-#include <utils/FixedCapacityVector.h>
 
 #include <bluevk/BlueVK.h>
 #include <tsl/robin_map.h>
 
+#include <memory>
+
 namespace filament::backend {
 
 class VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache {
@@ -40,34 +41,21 @@ public:
 
     void terminate() noexcept;
 
-    // Just a wrapper around getVkLayout()
     fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout> createLayout(
             Handle<HwDescriptorSetLayout> handle, backend::DescriptorSetLayout&& info);
 
-    // This method is meant to be used with external samplers
-    VkDescriptorSetLayout getVkLayout(VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::Bitmask const& bitmasks,
-            utils::FixedCapacityVector<VkSampler> immutableSamplers = {});
-
 private:
     VkDevice mDevice;
     fvkmemory::ResourceManager* mResourceManager;
 
-    struct LayoutKey {
+    using BitmaskGroup = VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::Bitmask;
-        // this describes the layout using bitset.
+    using BitmaskGroupHashFn = utils::hash::MurmurHashFn<BitmaskGroup>;
-        VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::Bitmask bitmask = {};
+    struct BitmaskGroupEqual {
-        // number of immutable samplers can be arbitrary; so we hash them into 64-bit.
+        bool operator()(BitmaskGroup const& k1, BitmaskGroup const& k2) const { return k1 == k2; }
-        uint64_t immutableSamplerHash = 0;
-    };
-    static_assert(sizeof(LayoutKey) == 48);
-
-    using LayoutKeyHashFn = utils::hash::MurmurHashFn<LayoutKey>;
-    struct LayoutKeyEqual {
-        bool operator()(LayoutKey const& k1, LayoutKey const& k2) const {
-            return k1.bitmask == k2.bitmask && k1.immutableSamplerHash == k2.immutableSamplerHash;
-        }
     };
 
-    tsl::robin_map<LayoutKey, VkDescriptorSetLayout, LayoutKeyHashFn, LayoutKeyEqual> mVkLayouts;
+    tsl::robin_map<BitmaskGroup, VkDescriptorSetLayout, BitmaskGroupHashFn, BitmaskGroupEqual>
+            mVkLayouts;
 };
 
 } // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDriver.cpp

@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ void VulkanDriver::terminate() {
 
     mStagePool.terminate();
     mPipelineCache.terminate();
-    mFramebufferCache.terminate();
+    mFramebufferCache.reset();
     mSamplerCache.terminate();
     mDescriptorSetLayoutCache.terminate();
     mDescriptorSetCache.terminate();
@@ -1523,7 +1523,7 @@ void VulkanDriver::makeCurrent(Handle<HwSwapChain> drawSch, Handle<HwSwapChain>
     swapChain->acquire(resized);
 
     if (resized) {
-        mFramebufferCache.resetFramebuffers();
+        mFramebufferCache.reset();
     }
 
     if (UTILS_LIKELY(mDefaultRenderTarget)) {

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanFboCache.cpp

@@ -340,21 +340,15 @@ VkRenderPass VulkanFboCache::getRenderPass(RenderPassKey const& config) noexcept
     return renderPass;
 }
 
-void VulkanFboCache::resetFramebuffers() noexcept {
+void VulkanFboCache::reset() noexcept {
-    for (const auto& pair: mFramebufferCache) {
+    for (auto pair : mFramebufferCache) {
         mRenderPassRefCount[pair.first.renderPass]--;
         vkDestroyFramebuffer(mDevice, pair.second.handle, VKALLOC);
     }
     mFramebufferCache.clear();
-}
+    for (auto pair : mRenderPassCache) {
-
-void VulkanFboCache::terminate() noexcept {
-    resetFramebuffers();
-
-    for (const auto& pair: mRenderPassCache) {
         vkDestroyRenderPass(mDevice, pair.second.handle, VKALLOC);
     }
-    mRenderPassRefCount.clear();
     mRenderPassCache.clear();
 }
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanFboCache.h

@@ -106,11 +106,8 @@ public:
     // Evicts old unused Vulkan objects. Call this once per frame.
     void gc() noexcept;
 
-    // Frees all Framebuffer objects. Call this every time a the swapchain is resized
-    void resetFramebuffers() noexcept;
-
     // Frees all Vulkan objects. Call this during shutdown before the device is destroyed.
-    void terminate() noexcept;
+    void reset() noexcept;
 
 private:
     VkDevice mDevice;

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanHandles.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 
 #include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h>
 
-#include <utils/compiler.h> // UTILS_FALLTHROUGH
 #include <utils/Panic.h>    // ASSERT_POSTCONDITION
 
 using namespace bluevk;
@@ -90,9 +89,8 @@ BitmaskGroup fromBackendLayout(DescriptorSetLayout const& layout) {
                 }
                 break;
             }
+            // TODO: properly handle external sampler
             case DescriptorType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL:
-                fromStageFlags(binding.stageFlags, binding.binding, mask.externalSampler);
-                UTILS_FALLTHROUGH;
             case DescriptorType::SAMPLER: {
                 fromStageFlags(binding.stageFlags, binding.binding, mask.sampler);
                 break;

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanHandles.h

@@ -66,21 +66,18 @@ struct VulkanDescriptorSetLayout : public HwDescriptorSetLayout, fvkmemory::Reso
 
     // The bitmask representation of a set layout.
     struct Bitmask {
+        // TODO: better utiltize the space below and use bitset instead.
         fvkutils::UniformBufferBitmask ubo;         // 8 bytes
         fvkutils::UniformBufferBitmask dynamicUbo;  // 8 bytes
         fvkutils::SamplerBitmask sampler;           // 8 bytes
         fvkutils::InputAttachmentBitmask inputAttachment; // 8 bytes
 
-        // This is a subset of the bitmask.sampler field.
-        fvkutils::SamplerBitmask externalSampler; // 8 bytes
-
         bool operator==(Bitmask const& right) const {
             return ubo == right.ubo && dynamicUbo == right.dynamicUbo && sampler == right.sampler &&
-                   inputAttachment == right.inputAttachment &&
+                   inputAttachment == right.inputAttachment;
-                   externalSampler == right.externalSampler;
         }
     };
-    static_assert(sizeof(Bitmask) == 40);
+    static_assert(sizeof(Bitmask) == 32);
 
     // This is a convenience struct to quickly check layout compatibility in terms of descriptor set
     // pools.
@@ -122,16 +119,10 @@ struct VulkanDescriptorSetLayout : public HwDescriptorSetLayout, fvkmemory::Reso
 
     VulkanDescriptorSetLayout(DescriptorSetLayout const& layout);
 
-    // Note that we don't destroy the vklayout. This is done by the layout cache.
     ~VulkanDescriptorSetLayout() = default;
 
-    VkDescriptorSetLayout const& getVkLayout() const noexcept { return mVkLayout; }
+    VkDescriptorSetLayout getVkLayout() const { return mVkLayout; }
-
+    void setVkLayout(VkDescriptorSetLayout vklayout) { mVkLayout = vklayout; }
-    // It is possible to have the layout switch out due to AHardwarebuffer (external image) format
-    // changes.
-    void setVkLayout(VkDescriptorSetLayout vklayout) noexcept { mVkLayout = vklayout; }
-
-    bool hasExternalSamplers() const noexcept { return bitmask.externalSampler.count() > 0; }
 
     Bitmask const bitmask;
     Count const count;
@@ -146,11 +137,12 @@ public:
     // can use to repackage the vk handle.
     using OnRecycle = std::function<void(VulkanDescriptorSet*)>;
 
-    VulkanDescriptorSet(
+    VulkanDescriptorSet(VkDescriptorSet rawSet,
             fvkutils::UniformBufferBitmask const& dynamicUboMask,
             uint8_t uniqueDynamicUboCount,
             OnRecycle&& onRecycleFn)
-        : dynamicUboMask(dynamicUboMask),
+        : vkSet(rawSet),
+          dynamicUboMask(dynamicUboMask),
           uniqueDynamicUboCount(uniqueDynamicUboCount),
           mOnRecycleFn(std::move(onRecycleFn)) {}
 
@@ -160,13 +152,6 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    VkDescriptorSet const& getVkSet() const noexcept {
-        return mVkSet;
-    }
-
-    // Note that the only case where you'd set it more than once is with external images/samplers.
-    void setVkSet(VkDescriptorSet vkset) noexcept { mVkSet = vkset; }
-
     void setOffsets(backend::DescriptorSetOffsetArray&& offsets) noexcept {
         mOffsets = std::move(offsets);
     }
@@ -178,11 +163,11 @@ public:
     void acquire(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanTexture> texture);
     void acquire(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanBufferObject> buffer);
 
+    VkDescriptorSet const vkSet;
     fvkutils::UniformBufferBitmask const dynamicUboMask;
     uint8_t const uniqueDynamicUboCount;
 
 private:
-    VkDescriptorSet mVkSet = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
     backend::DescriptorSetOffsetArray mOffsets;
     std::vector<fvkmemory::resource_ptr<fvkmemory::Resource>> mResources;
     OnRecycle mOnRecycleFn;

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanSamplerCache.cpp

@@ -33,15 +33,8 @@ VkSampler VulkanSamplerCache::getSampler(Params params) noexcept {
     if (UTILS_LIKELY(iter != mCache.end())) {
         return iter->second;
     }
-    VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo ycbcrConversion = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_INFO,
-        .conversion = params.conversion,
-    };
-
     auto const& samplerParams = params.sampler;
-    VkSamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo{
+    VkSamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo{ .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO,
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pNext = params.conversion != VK_NULL_HANDLE ? &ycbcrConversion : VK_NULL_HANDLE,
         .magFilter = fvkutils::getFilter(samplerParams.filterMag),
         .minFilter = fvkutils::getFilter(samplerParams.filterMin),
         .mipmapMode = fvkutils::getMipmapMode(samplerParams.filterMin),
@@ -55,8 +48,7 @@ VkSampler VulkanSamplerCache::getSampler(Params params) noexcept {
         .minLod = 0.0f,
         .maxLod = fvkutils::getMaxLod(samplerParams.filterMin),
         .borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK,
-        .unnormalizedCoordinates = VK_FALSE,
+        .unnormalizedCoordinates = VK_FALSE };
-    };
     VkSampler sampler;
     VkResult result = vkCreateSampler(mDevice, &samplerInfo, VKALLOC, &sampler);
     FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(result == VK_SUCCESS) << "Unable to create sampler."

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanSwapChain.cpp

@@ -108,6 +108,11 @@ void VulkanSwapChain::present() {
 
     mCommands->flush();
 
+    // call the image ready wait function
+    if (mExplicitImageReadyWait != nullptr) {
+        mExplicitImageReadyWait(swapChain);
+    }
+
     // We only present if it is not headless. No-op for headless.
     if (!mHeadless) {
         VkSemaphore const finishedDrawing = mCommands->acquireFinishedSignal();
@@ -141,6 +146,7 @@ void VulkanSwapChain::acquire(bool& resized) {
     VulkanPlatform::ImageSyncData imageSyncData;
     VkResult const result = mPlatform->acquire(swapChain, &imageSyncData);
     mCurrentSwapIndex = imageSyncData.imageIndex;
+    mExplicitImageReadyWait = imageSyncData.explicitImageReadyWait;
     FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(result == VK_SUCCESS || result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR)
             << "Cannot acquire in swapchain. error=" << static_cast<int32_t>(result);
     if (imageSyncData.imageReadySemaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanSwapChain.h

@@ -49,9 +49,7 @@ struct VulkanSwapChain : public HwSwapChain, fvkmemory::Resource {
 
     void present();
 
-    // Acquire a new image from the swapchain. If the image is not available it would wait until it
+    void acquire(bool& reized);
-    // is.
-    void acquire(bool& resized);
 
     fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanTexture> getCurrentColor() const noexcept {
         uint32_t const imageIndex = mCurrentSwapIndex;
@@ -101,6 +99,7 @@ private:
     VkExtent2D mExtent;
     uint32_t mLayerCount;
     uint32_t mCurrentSwapIndex;
+    std::function<void(Platform::SwapChain* handle)> mExplicitImageReadyWait = nullptr;
     bool mAcquired;
     bool mIsFirstRenderPass;
 };

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanYcbcrConversionCache.cpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ VkSamplerYcbcrConversion VulkanYcbcrConversionCache::getConversion(
     TextureSwizzle const swizzleArray[] = { chroma.r, chroma.g, chroma.b, chroma.a };
     VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo conversionInfo = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CREATE_INFO,
-        .format = fvkutils::getVkFormat(params.format),
+        .format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED,
         .ycbcrModel = fvkutils::getYcbcrModelConversion(chroma.ycbcrModel),
         .ycbcrRange = fvkutils::getYcbcrRange(chroma.ycbcrRange),
         .components = fvkutils::getSwizzleMap(swizzleArray),
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ VkSamplerYcbcrConversion VulkanYcbcrConversionCache::getConversion(
         .chromaFilter = fvkutils::getFilter(chroma.chromaFilter),
     };
 
-    // We could put this in the platform class, but that seems like a bit of an overkill
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
     VkExternalFormatANDROID externalFormat = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_FORMAT_ANDROID,
@@ -60,7 +59,6 @@ VkSamplerYcbcrConversion VulkanYcbcrConversionCache::getConversion(
     };
     if (params.externalFormat) {
         conversionInfo.pNext = &externalFormat;
-        conversionInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
     }
 #endif
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanYcbcrConversionCache.h

@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ class VulkanYcbcrConversionCache {
 public:
     struct Params {
         SamplerYcbcrConversion conversion = {};
-        TextureFormat format = {};
+        uint32_t padding = 0;
-        uint16_t padding = 0;
         uint64_t externalFormat = 0;
     };
     static_assert(sizeof(Params) == 16);

filament/backend/src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatform.cpp

@@ -211,7 +211,6 @@ ExtensionSet getDeviceExtensions(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
         VK_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_EXTENSION_NAME,
         VK_KHR_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_EXTENSION_NAME,
         VK_ANDROID_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_ANDROID_HARDWARE_BUFFER_EXTENSION_NAME,
-        VK_EXT_QUEUE_FAMILY_FOREIGN_EXTENSION_NAME,
 #endif
         // MoltenVk is the only non-conformant implementation we're interested in.
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
@@ -327,9 +326,7 @@ VkInstance createInstance(ExtensionSet const& requiredExts) {
 }
 
 VkDevice createLogicalDevice(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
-        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 const& features,
+        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 const& features, uint32_t graphicsQueueFamilyIndex,
-        VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features const& vk11Features,
-        uint32_t graphicsQueueFamilyIndex,
         uint32_t protectedGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex, ExtensionSet const& deviceExtensions,
         bool requestImageView2DOn3DImage) {
     VkDevice device;
@@ -362,28 +359,14 @@ VkDevice createLogicalDevice(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
 
     // We could simply enable all supported features, but since that may have performance
     // consequences let's just enable the features we need.
-    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures enabledFeatures = {
+    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures enabledFeatures{
         .depthClamp = features.features.depthClamp,
         .samplerAnisotropy = features.features.samplerAnisotropy,
         .textureCompressionETC2 = features.features.textureCompressionETC2,
         .textureCompressionBC = features.features.textureCompressionBC,
         .shaderClipDistance = features.features.shaderClipDistance,
     };
-
+    deviceCreateInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &enabledFeatures;
-    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 enabledFeatures2 = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2,
-        .features = enabledFeatures,
-    };
-    chainStruct(&deviceCreateInfo, &enabledFeatures2);
-
-    VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features enabledVk11Features = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_1_FEATURES,
-        .multiview = vk11Features.multiview,
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-        .samplerYcbcrConversion = vk11Features.samplerYcbcrConversion,
-#endif
-    };
-    chainStruct(&deviceCreateInfo, &enabledVk11Features);
 
     deviceCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = (uint32_t) requestExtensions.size();
     deviceCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = requestExtensions.data();
@@ -400,7 +383,7 @@ VkDevice createLogicalDevice(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
 
     VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeaturesKHR multiview = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MULTIVIEW_FEATURES_KHR,
-        .multiview = vk11Features.multiview,
+        .multiview = VK_TRUE,
         .multiviewGeometryShader = VK_FALSE,
         .multiviewTessellationShader = VK_FALSE,
     };
@@ -751,7 +734,6 @@ Driver* VulkanPlatform::createDriver(void* sharedContext,
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_PROPERTIES,
     };
     chainStruct(&context.mPhysicalDeviceFeatures, &queryProtectedMemoryFeatures);
-    chainStruct(&context.mPhysicalDeviceFeatures, &context.mPhysicalDeviceVk11Features);
     chainStruct(&context.mPhysicalDeviceProperties, &protectedMemoryProperties);
 
     // Initialize the following fields: physicalDeviceProperties, memoryProperties,
@@ -813,8 +795,8 @@ Driver* VulkanPlatform::createDriver(void* sharedContext,
     }
 
     if (mImpl->mDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-        mImpl->mDevice = createLogicalDevice(mImpl->mPhysicalDevice,
+        mImpl->mDevice =
-                context.mPhysicalDeviceFeatures, context.mPhysicalDeviceVk11Features,
+                createLogicalDevice(mImpl->mPhysicalDevice, context.mPhysicalDeviceFeatures,
                         mImpl->mGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex, mImpl->mProtectedGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex,
                         deviceExts, requestPortabilitySubsetImageView2DOn3DImage);
     }
@@ -844,10 +826,12 @@ Driver* VulkanPlatform::createDriver(void* sharedContext,
     if (!mImpl->mSharedContext) {
         context.mDebugUtilsSupported = setContains(instExts, VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
         context.mDebugMarkersSupported = setContains(deviceExts, VK_EXT_DEBUG_MARKER_EXTENSION_NAME);
+        context.mMultiviewEnabled = setContains(deviceExts, VK_KHR_MULTIVIEW_EXTENSION_NAME);
     } else {
         VulkanSharedContext const* scontext = (VulkanSharedContext const*) sharedContext;
         context.mDebugUtilsSupported = scontext->debugUtilsSupported;
         context.mDebugMarkersSupported = scontext->debugMarkersSupported;
+        context.mMultiviewEnabled = scontext->multiviewSupported;
     }
 
     // Check the availability of lazily allocated memory

filament/backend/src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformApple.mm

@@ -24,12 +24,28 @@
 #include <bluevk/BlueVK.h>
 
 // Platform specific includes and defines
-#include <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
-#import <Metal/Metal.h>
+    #include <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
-#import <QuartzCore/CAMetalLayer.h>
+    #import <Metal/Metal.h>
+    #import <QuartzCore/CAMetalLayer.h>
 
-#ifndef VK_MVK_macos_surface
+    #ifndef VK_MVK_macos_surface
          #error VK_MVK_macos_surface is not defined
+    #endif
+#elif defined(FILAMENT_IOS)
+    // Metal is not available when building for the iOS simulator on Desktop.
+    #define METAL_AVAILABLE __has_include(<QuartzCore/CAMetalLayer.h>)
+    #if METAL_AVAILABLE
+        #import <Metal/Metal.h>
+        #import <QuartzCore/CAMetalLayer.h>
+    #endif
+
+    #ifndef VK_MVK_ios_surface
+        #error VK_MVK_ios_surface is not defined
+    #endif
+    #define METALVIEW_TAG 255
+#else
+    #error Not a supported Apple + Vulkan platform
 #endif
 
 using namespace bluevk;
@@ -38,7 +54,11 @@ namespace filament::backend {
 
 VulkanPlatform::ExtensionSet VulkanPlatform::getSwapchainInstanceExtensionsImpl() {
     ExtensionSet const ret = {
+    #if defined(__APPLE__)
         VK_MVK_MACOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,  // TODO: replace with VK_EXT_metal_surface
+    #elif defined(FILAMENT_IOS) && defined(METAL_AVAILABLE)
+        VK_MVK_IOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
+    #endif
     };
     return ret;
 }
@@ -70,6 +90,7 @@ VkImageView VulkanPlatform::createExternalImageViewImpl(VkDevice device,
 VulkanPlatform::SurfaceBundle VulkanPlatform::createVkSurfaceKHRImpl(void* nativeWindow,
         VkInstance instance, uint64_t flags) noexcept {
     VkSurfaceKHR surface;
+    #if defined(__APPLE__)
         NSView* nsview = (__bridge NSView*) nativeWindow;
         FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(nsview) << "Unable to obtain Metal-backed NSView.";
 
@@ -83,6 +104,21 @@ VulkanPlatform::SurfaceBundle VulkanPlatform::createVkSurfaceKHRImpl(void* nativ
                 (VkSurfaceKHR*) &surface);
         FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(result == VK_SUCCESS)
                 << "vkCreateMacOSSurfaceMVK. error=" << static_cast<int32_t>(result);
+#elif defined(FILAMENT_IOS) && defined(METAL_AVAILABLE)
+    CAMetalLayer* metalLayer = (CAMetalLayer*) nativeWindow;
+    // Create the VkSurface.
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(vkCreateIOSSurfaceMVK)
+            << "Unable to load vkCreateIOSSurfaceMVK function.";
+    VkIOSSurfaceCreateInfoMVK createInfo = {};
+    createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IOS_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_MVK;
+    createInfo.pNext = NULL;
+    createInfo.flags = 0;
+    createInfo.pView = metalLayer;
+    VkResult result = vkCreateIOSSurfaceMVK((VkInstance) instance, &createInfo, VKALLOC,
+            (VkSurfaceKHR*) &surface);
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(result == VK_SUCCESS)
+            << "vkCreateIOSSurfaceMVK failed. error=" << static_cast<int32_t>(result);
+#endif
         return std::make_tuple(surface, VkExtent2D{});
 }
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/utils/Conversion.cpp

@@ -668,111 +668,4 @@ VkShaderStageFlags getShaderStageFlags(ShaderStageFlags stageFlags) {
     return flags;
 }
 
-VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion getYcbcrModelConversion(
-    SamplerYcbcrModelConversion model) {
-    switch (model) {
-    case SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::RGB_IDENTITY:
-        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_RGB_IDENTITY;
-    case SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::YCBCR_IDENTITY:
-        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_IDENTITY;
-    case SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::YCBCR_709:
-        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_709;
-    case SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::YCBCR_601:
-        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_601;
-    case SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::YCBCR_2020:
-        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_2020;
-    default:
-        assert_invariant(false &&
-            "Unknown data type, conversion is not supported.");
-    }
-}
-
-VkSamplerYcbcrRange getYcbcrRange(SamplerYcbcrRange range) {
-    switch (range) {
-    case SamplerYcbcrRange::ITU_FULL:
-        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_FULL;
-    case SamplerYcbcrRange::ITU_NARROW:
-        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_NARROW;
-    default:
-        assert_invariant(false &&
-            "Unknown data type, conversion is not supported.");
-    }
-}
-
-VkChromaLocation getChromaLocation(ChromaLocation loc) {
-    switch (loc) {
-    case ChromaLocation::COSITED_EVEN:
-        return VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN;
-    case ChromaLocation::MIDPOINT:
-        return VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT;
-    default:
-        assert_invariant(false &&
-            "Unknown data type, conversion is not supported.");
-    }
-}
-
-SamplerYcbcrModelConversion getYcbcrModelConversionFilament(VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion model) {
-    switch (model) {
-        case VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_RGB_IDENTITY:
-            return SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::RGB_IDENTITY;
-        case VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_IDENTITY:
-            return SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::YCBCR_IDENTITY;
-        case VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_709:
-            return SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::YCBCR_709;
-        case VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_601:
-            return SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::YCBCR_601;
-        case VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_2020:
-            return SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::YCBCR_2020;
-        default:
-            assert_invariant(false && "Unknown data type, conversion is not supported.");
-            return {};
-    }
-}
-
-SamplerYcbcrRange getYcbcrRangeFilament(VkSamplerYcbcrRange range) {
-    switch (range) {
-        case VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_FULL:
-            return SamplerYcbcrRange::ITU_FULL;
-        case VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_NARROW:
-            return SamplerYcbcrRange::ITU_NARROW;
-        default:
-            assert_invariant(false && "Unknown data type, conversion is not supported.");
-            return {};
-    }
-}
-
-ChromaLocation getChromaLocationFilament(VkChromaLocation loc) {
-    switch (loc) {
-        case VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN:
-            return ChromaLocation::COSITED_EVEN;
-        case VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT:
-            return ChromaLocation::MIDPOINT;
-        default:
-            assert_invariant(false && "Unknown data type, conversion is not supported.");
-            return {};
-    }
-}
-
-TextureSwizzle getSwizzleFilament(VkComponentSwizzle c, uint8_t rgbaIndex) {
-    switch (c) {
-        case VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ZERO:
-            return TextureSwizzle::SUBSTITUTE_ZERO;
-        case VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ONE:
-            return TextureSwizzle::SUBSTITUTE_ONE;
-        case VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY:
-            return (TextureSwizzle) (((uint8_t) TextureSwizzle::CHANNEL_0) + rgbaIndex);
-        case VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R:
-            return TextureSwizzle::CHANNEL_0;
-        case VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G:
-            return TextureSwizzle::CHANNEL_1;
-        case VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B:
-            return TextureSwizzle::CHANNEL_2;
-        case VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A:
-            return TextureSwizzle::CHANNEL_3;
-        default:
-            assert_invariant(false && "Unknown data type, conversion is not supported.");
-            return {};
-    }
-}
-
 } // namespace filament::backend::fvkutils

filament/backend/src/vulkan/utils/Conversion.h

@@ -69,12 +69,6 @@ VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion getYcbcrModelConversion(SamplerYcbcrModelConversio
 VkSamplerYcbcrRange getYcbcrRange(SamplerYcbcrRange range);
 VkChromaLocation getChromaLocation(ChromaLocation loc);
 
-// Ycbcr related functions
-SamplerYcbcrModelConversion getYcbcrModelConversionFilament(VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion model);
-SamplerYcbcrRange getYcbcrRangeFilament(VkSamplerYcbcrRange range);
-ChromaLocation getChromaLocationFilament(VkChromaLocation loc);
-TextureSwizzle getSwizzleFilament(VkComponentSwizzle c, uint8_t rgbaIndex);
-
 inline VkImageViewType getViewType(SamplerType target) {
     switch (target) {
         case SamplerType::SAMPLER_CUBEMAP:

filament/backend/src/vulkan/utils/Definitions.h

@@ -348,10 +348,6 @@ using SamplerBitmask = utils::bitset64;
 // general.
 using InputAttachmentBitmask = utils::bitset64;
 
-constexpr uint8_t MAX_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BITMASK_BITS =
-        std::max(std::max(sizeof(UniformBufferBitmask), sizeof(SamplerBitmask)),
-                sizeof(InputAttachmentBitmask)) * 8;
-
 template<typename Bitmask>
 static constexpr uint8_t getVertexStageShift() noexcept {
     // We assume the bottom half of bits are for vertex stages.

filament/backend/src/vulkan/utils/Image.cpp

@@ -193,6 +193,49 @@ uint8_t reduceSampleCount(uint8_t sampleCount, VkSampleCountFlags mask) {
     return mostSignificantBit((sampleCount - 1) & mask);
 }
 
+VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion getYcbcrModelConversion(
+    SamplerYcbcrModelConversion model) {
+    switch (model) {
+    case SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::RGB_IDENTITY:
+        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_RGB_IDENTITY;
+    case SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::YCBCR_IDENTITY:
+        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_IDENTITY;
+    case SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::YCBCR_709:
+        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_709;
+    case SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::YCBCR_601:
+        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_601;
+    case SamplerYcbcrModelConversion::YCBCR_2020:
+        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_2020;
+    default:
+        assert_invariant(false &&
+            "Unknown data type, conversion is not supported.");
+    }
+}
+
+VkSamplerYcbcrRange getYcbcrRange(SamplerYcbcrRange range) {
+    switch (range) {
+    case SamplerYcbcrRange::ITU_FULL:
+        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_FULL;
+    case SamplerYcbcrRange::ITU_NARROW:
+        return VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_NARROW;
+    default:
+        assert_invariant(false &&
+            "Unknown data type, conversion is not supported.");
+    }
+}
+
+VkChromaLocation getChromaLocation(ChromaLocation loc) {
+    switch (loc) {
+    case ChromaLocation::COSITED_EVEN:
+        return VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN;
+    case ChromaLocation::MIDPOINT:
+        return VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT;
+    default:
+        assert_invariant(false &&
+            "Unknown data type, conversion is not supported.");
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace filament::backend::fvkutils
 
 bool operator<(const VkImageSubresourceRange& a, const VkImageSubresourceRange& b) {

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUDriver.cpp

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 
 #include "webgpu/WebGPUDriver.h"
 
-#include "WebGPUSwapChain.h"
 #include "webgpu/WebGPUConstants.h"
 #include <backend/platforms/WebGPUPlatform.h>
 
 #include "CommandStreamDispatcher.h"
 #include "DriverBase.h"
 #include "private/backend/Dispatcher.h"
+
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
 #include <backend/Handle.h>
 
@@ -228,14 +228,6 @@ WebGPUDriver::WebGPUDriver(WebGPUPlatform& platform, const Platform::DriverConfi
               driverConfig.disableHeapHandleTags) {
 #if FWGPU_ENABLED(FWGPU_PRINT_SYSTEM)
     printInstanceDetails(mPlatform.getInstance());
-#endif
-    mAdapter = mPlatform.requestAdapter(nullptr);
-#if FWGPU_ENABLED(FWGPU_PRINT_SYSTEM)
-    printAdapterDetails(mAdapter);
-#endif
-    mDevice = mPlatform.requestDevice(mAdapter);
-#if FWGPU_ENABLED(FWGPU_PRINT_SYSTEM)
-    printDeviceDetails(mDevice);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -270,6 +262,9 @@ void WebGPUDriver::tick(int) {
 
 void WebGPUDriver::beginFrame(int64_t monotonic_clock_ns,
         int64_t refreshIntervalNs, uint32_t frameId) {
+    wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor commandEncoderDescriptor{};
+    commandEncoderDescriptor.nextInChain = nullptr;
+    mCommandEncoder = mDevice.CreateCommandEncoder(&commandEncoderDescriptor);
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::setFrameScheduledCallback(Handle<HwSwapChain> sch,
@@ -286,6 +281,12 @@ void WebGPUDriver::setPresentationTime(int64_t monotonic_clock_ns) {
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::endFrame(uint32_t frameId) {
+    // FWGPU_LOGW << __FUNCTION__<< "\n";
+    mQueue.Submit(1, &mCommandBuffer);
+    mCommandEncoder = nullptr;
+    mCommandBuffer = nullptr;
+    mTextureView = nullptr;
+    mSwapChain->Present();
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::flush(int) {
@@ -295,27 +296,15 @@ void WebGPUDriver::finish(int) {
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::destroyRenderPrimitive(Handle<HwRenderPrimitive> rph) {
-   if (rph) {
-        destructHandle<WGPURenderPrimitive>(rph);
-    }
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::destroyVertexBufferInfo(Handle<HwVertexBufferInfo> vbih) {
-   if (vbih) {
-        destructHandle<WGPUVertexBufferInfo>(vbih);
-    }
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::destroyVertexBuffer(Handle<HwVertexBuffer> vbh) {
-    if (vbh) {
-        destructHandle<WGPUVertexBuffer>(vbh);
-    }
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::destroyIndexBuffer(Handle<HwIndexBuffer> ibh) {
-    if (ibh) {
-        destructHandle<WGPUIndexBuffer>(ibh);
-    }
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::destroyBufferObject(Handle<HwBufferObject> boh) {
@@ -331,10 +320,13 @@ void WebGPUDriver::destroyRenderTarget(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth) {
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::destroySwapChain(Handle<HwSwapChain> sch) {
-    if (sch) {
-        destructHandle<WebGPUSwapChain>(sch);
-    }
     mSwapChain = nullptr;
+    // TODO:  use webgpu handle allocator from
+    //        https://github.com/google/filament/pull/8566
+//    if (sch) {
+//        HwSwapChain* hwSwapChain = handleCast<HwSwapChain*>(sch);
+//        destruct(sch, hwSwapChain);
+//    }
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::destroyStream(Handle<HwStream> sh) {
@@ -344,16 +336,16 @@ void WebGPUDriver::destroyTimerQuery(Handle<HwTimerQuery> tqh) {
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::destroyDescriptorSetLayout(Handle<HwDescriptorSetLayout> tqh) {
-    if (tqh) {
-        destructHandle<WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout>(tqh);
-    }
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::destroyDescriptorSet(Handle<HwDescriptorSet> tqh) {
 }
 
 Handle<HwSwapChain> WebGPUDriver::createSwapChainS() noexcept {
-    return allocHandle<WebGPUSwapChain>();
+    // TODO:  use webgpu handle allocator from.
+    //        https://github.com/google/filament/pull/8566
+    // return allocAndConstructHandle<HwSwapChain>();
+    return Handle<HwSwapChain>((Handle<HwSwapChain>::HandleId) mNextFakeHandle++);
 }
 
 Handle<HwSwapChain> WebGPUDriver::createSwapChainHeadlessS() noexcept {
@@ -385,7 +377,7 @@ Handle<HwIndexBuffer> WebGPUDriver::createIndexBufferS() noexcept {
 }
 
 Handle<HwTexture> WebGPUDriver::createTextureViewS() noexcept {
-    return Handle<HwTexture>((Handle<HwTexture>::HandleId) mNextFakeHandle++);
+    return allocHandle<WGPUTexture>();
 }
 
 Handle<HwBufferObject> WebGPUDriver::createBufferObjectS() noexcept {
@@ -405,7 +397,7 @@ Handle<HwDescriptorSet> WebGPUDriver::createDescriptorSetS() noexcept {
 }
 
 Handle<HwRenderPrimitive> WebGPUDriver::createRenderPrimitiveS() noexcept {
-    return allocHandle<WGPURenderPrimitive>();
+    return Handle<HwRenderPrimitive>((Handle<HwRenderPrimitive>::HandleId) mNextFakeHandle++);
 }
 
 Handle<HwVertexBufferInfo> WebGPUDriver::createVertexBufferInfoS() noexcept {
@@ -413,7 +405,7 @@ Handle<HwVertexBufferInfo> WebGPUDriver::createVertexBufferInfoS() noexcept {
 }
 
 Handle<HwTexture> WebGPUDriver::createTextureViewSwizzleS() noexcept {
-    return Handle<HwTexture>((Handle<HwTexture>::HandleId) mNextFakeHandle++);
+    return allocHandle<WGPUTexture>();
 }
 
 Handle<HwRenderTarget> WebGPUDriver::createDefaultRenderTargetS() noexcept {
@@ -421,7 +413,8 @@ Handle<HwRenderTarget> WebGPUDriver::createDefaultRenderTargetS() noexcept {
 }
 
 Handle<HwDescriptorSetLayout> WebGPUDriver::createDescriptorSetLayoutS() noexcept {
-    return allocHandle<WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout>();
+    return Handle<HwDescriptorSetLayout>(
+            (Handle<HwDescriptorSetLayout>::HandleId) mNextFakeHandle++);
 }
 
 Handle<HwTexture> WebGPUDriver::createTextureExternalImageS() noexcept {
@@ -437,15 +430,43 @@ Handle<HwTexture> WebGPUDriver::createTextureExternalImagePlaneS() noexcept {
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createSwapChainR(Handle<HwSwapChain> sch, void* nativeWindow, uint64_t flags) {
-    mNativeWindow = nativeWindow;
+    // TODO:  use webgpu handle allocator from.
+    //        https://github.com/google/filament/pull/8566
+    // HwSwapChain* hwSwapChain = handleCast<HwSwapChain*>(sch);
     assert_invariant(!mSwapChain);
     wgpu::Surface surface = mPlatform.createSurface(nativeWindow, flags);
-
+    mAdapter = mPlatform.requestAdapter(surface);
+#if FWGPU_ENABLED(FWGPU_PRINT_SYSTEM)
+    printAdapterDetails(mAdapter);
+#endif
+    mDevice = mPlatform.requestDevice(mAdapter);
+#if FWGPU_ENABLED(FWGPU_PRINT_SYSTEM)
+    printDeviceDetails(mDevice);
+#endif
     mQueue = mDevice.GetQueue();
-    wgpu::Extent2D surfaceSize = mPlatform.getSurfaceExtent(mNativeWindow);
+    mSwapChain = std::make_unique<WebGPUSwapChain>(std::move(surface), mAdapter, mDevice, flags);
-    mSwapChain = constructHandle<WebGPUSwapChain>(sch, std::move(surface), surfaceSize, mAdapter,
+    // TODO configure the surface (maybe before or after creating the swapchain?
-            mDevice, flags);
+    //                             how do we get the surface extent?)
-    assert_invariant(mSwapChain);
+    // TODO actually create the swapchain
+    // auto onQueueWorkDone = [](wgpu::QueueWorkDoneStatus status, void* /* pUserData */) {
+        // FWGPU_LOGW << "Queued work finished with status: " << status << std::endl;
+    // };
+    // mQueue.OnSubmittedWorkDone(wgpu::CallbackMode::WaitAnyOnly, [](wgpu::QueueWorkDoneStatus status, void* pUserdata) {
+    //     FWGPU_LOGW << "Queued work finished with status:\n";
+    // }, nullptr /* pUserData */);
+    void* userDataPtr = nullptr;
+    mQueue.OnSubmittedWorkDone(
+        wgpu::CallbackMode::AllowProcessEvents,
+        [](wgpu::QueueWorkDoneStatus status, void* pUserData) {
+            FWGPU_LOGW << "Queued work finished with status: " << static_cast<int>(status) << "\n";
+            if (pUserData == nullptr) {
+                // Expected case
+            } else {
+                FWGPU_LOGW << "Unexpected non-null pUserData received.\n";
+            }
+        },
+        userDataPtr /* pUserData */
+    );
     FWGPU_LOGW << "WebGPU support is still essentially a no-op at this point in development (only "
                   "background components have been instantiated/selected, such as surface/screen, "
                   "graphics device/GPU, etc.), thus nothing is being drawn to the screen."
@@ -458,27 +479,22 @@ void WebGPUDriver::createSwapChainR(Handle<HwSwapChain> sch, void* nativeWindow,
                   "rebuilding Filament with that flag, e.g. ./build.sh -x "
                << FWGPU_PRINT_SYSTEM << " ..." << utils::io::endl;
 #endif
+    // TODO:  use webgpu handle allocator from.
+    //        https://github.com/google/filament/pull/8566
+    // hwSwapChain->swapChain = mSwapChain.get();
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createSwapChainHeadlessR(Handle<HwSwapChain> sch, uint32_t width,
         uint32_t height, uint64_t flags) {}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createVertexBufferInfoR(Handle<HwVertexBufferInfo> vbih, uint8_t bufferCount,
-        uint8_t attributeCount, AttributeArray attributes) {
+        uint8_t attributeCount, AttributeArray attributes) {}
-    constructHandle<WGPUVertexBufferInfo>(vbih, bufferCount, attributeCount, attributes);
-}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createVertexBufferR(Handle<HwVertexBuffer> vbh, uint32_t vertexCount,
-        Handle<HwVertexBufferInfo> vbih) {
+        Handle<HwVertexBufferInfo> vbih) {}
-    auto* vertexBufferInfo = handleCast<WGPUVertexBufferInfo>(vbih);
-    constructHandle<WGPUVertexBuffer>(vbh, mDevice, vertexCount,vertexBufferInfo->bufferCount, vbih);
-}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createIndexBufferR(Handle<HwIndexBuffer> ibh, ElementType elementType,
-        uint32_t indexCount, BufferUsage usage) {
+        uint32_t indexCount, BufferUsage usage) {}
-    auto elementSize = (uint8_t)getElementTypeSize(elementType);
-    constructHandle<WGPUIndexBuffer>(ibh, mDevice, elementSize, indexCount);
-}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createBufferObjectR(Handle<HwBufferObject> boh, uint32_t byteCount,
         BufferObjectBinding bindingType, BufferUsage usage) {}
@@ -488,7 +504,13 @@ void WebGPUDriver::createTextureR(Handle<HwTexture> th, SamplerType target, uint
         TextureUsage usage) {}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createTextureViewR(Handle<HwTexture> th, Handle<HwTexture> srch,
-        uint8_t baseLevel, uint8_t levelCount) {}
+        uint8_t baseLevel, uint8_t levelCount) {
+    // FWGPU_LOGW << __FUNCTION__<< "\n";
+    WGPUTexture const* src = handleCast<WGPUTexture>(srch);
+    (void) src;
+    // textures.insert(
+    //         constructHandle<WGPUTexture>(th, src, baseLevel, levelCount));
+}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createTextureViewSwizzleR(Handle<HwTexture> th, Handle<HwTexture> srch,
         backend::TextureSwizzle r, backend::TextureSwizzle g, backend::TextureSwizzle b,
@@ -511,18 +533,7 @@ void WebGPUDriver::importTextureR(Handle<HwTexture> th, intptr_t id, SamplerType
         uint32_t depth, TextureUsage usage) {}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createRenderPrimitiveR(Handle<HwRenderPrimitive> rph, Handle<HwVertexBuffer> vbh,
-        Handle<HwIndexBuffer> ibh, PrimitiveType pt) {
+        Handle<HwIndexBuffer> ibh, PrimitiveType pt) {}
-    assert_invariant(mDevice);
-
-    auto* renderPrimitive = handleCast<WGPURenderPrimitive>(rph);
-    auto* vertexBuffer = handleCast<WGPUVertexBuffer>(vbh);
-    auto* indexBuffer = handleCast<WGPUIndexBuffer>(ibh);
-    // auto* vertexBufferInfo = handleCast<WGPUVertexBufferInfo>(vertexBuffer->vbih);
-    // renderPrimitive->setBuffers(vertexBufferInfo, vertexBuffer, indexBuffer);
-    renderPrimitive->vertexBuffer = vertexBuffer;
-    renderPrimitive->indexBuffer = indexBuffer;
-    renderPrimitive->type = pt;
-}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createProgramR(Handle<HwProgram> ph, Program&& program) {}
 
@@ -541,9 +552,7 @@ void WebGPUDriver::createFenceR(Handle<HwFence> fh, int) {}
 void WebGPUDriver::createTimerQueryR(Handle<HwTimerQuery> tqh, int) {}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createDescriptorSetLayoutR(Handle<HwDescriptorSetLayout> dslh,
-        backend::DescriptorSetLayout&& info) {
+        backend::DescriptorSetLayout&& info) {}
-    constructHandle<WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout>(dslh, std::move(info), &mDevice);
-}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createDescriptorSetR(Handle<HwDescriptorSet> dsh,
         Handle<HwDescriptorSetLayout> dslh) {}
@@ -695,8 +704,9 @@ void WebGPUDriver::setVertexBufferObject(Handle<HwVertexBuffer> vbh, uint32_t in
         Handle<HwBufferObject> boh) {
     auto* vertexBuffer = handleCast<WGPUVertexBuffer>(vbh);
     auto* bufferObject = handleCast<WGPUBufferObject>(boh);
-    assert_invariant(index < vertexBuffer->buffers.size());
+    assert_invariant(index < vertexBuffer->mBuffers.size());
     vertexBuffer->setBuffer(bufferObject, index);
+
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::update3DImage(Handle<HwTexture> th,
@@ -729,72 +739,48 @@ void WebGPUDriver::compilePrograms(CompilerPriorityQueue priority,
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth, const RenderPassParams& params) {
-    wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor commandEncoderDescriptor = {
+    // FWGPU_LOGW << __FUNCTION__<< "\n";
-        .label = "command_encoder"
+    mTextureView = mSwapChain->GetNextSurfaceTextureView(params.viewport.width, params.viewport.height);
-    };
+    wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment renderPassColorAttachment = {};
-    mCommandEncoder = mDevice.CreateCommandEncoder(&commandEncoderDescriptor);
+    renderPassColorAttachment.view = mTextureView;
-    assert_invariant(mCommandEncoder);
+    renderPassColorAttachment.resolveTarget = nullptr;
+    renderPassColorAttachment.loadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
+    renderPassColorAttachment.storeOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store;
+    renderPassColorAttachment.clearValue = wgpu::Color{1, 0 , 0 , 1};
+    renderPassColorAttachment.depthSlice = WGPU_DEPTH_SLICE_UNDEFINED;
 
-    // TODO: Remove this code once WebGPU pipeline is implemented
+    wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor renderPassDescriptor = {};
-    static float red = 1.0f;
+    renderPassDescriptor.nextInChain = nullptr;
-    if (red - 0.01 > 0) {
+    renderPassDescriptor.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
-        red -= 0.01;
+    renderPassDescriptor.colorAttachments = &renderPassColorAttachment;
-    } else {
+    renderPassDescriptor.depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
-        red = 1.0f;
+    renderPassDescriptor.timestampWrites = nullptr;
-    }
-    assert_invariant(mTextureView);
-    wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment renderPassColorAttachment = {
-        .view = mTextureView,
-        // TODO: remove this code once WebGPU Pipeline is implemented with render targets, pipeline and buffers.
-        .depthSlice = wgpu::kDepthSliceUndefined,
-        .loadOp = wgpu::LoadOp::Clear,
-        .storeOp = wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
-        .clearValue = wgpu::Color{red, 0 , 0 , 1},
-    };
-
-    wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor renderPassDescriptor = {
-        .colorAttachmentCount = 1,
-        .colorAttachments = &renderPassColorAttachment,
-        .depthStencilAttachment = nullptr,
-        .timestampWrites = nullptr,
-    };
 
     mRenderPassEncoder = mCommandEncoder.BeginRenderPass(&renderPassDescriptor);
-    mRenderPassEncoder.SetViewport(params.viewport.left, params.viewport.bottom,
+    mRenderPassEncoder.SetViewport((float)params.viewport.left, (float)params.viewport.bottom,
-            params.viewport.width, params.viewport.height, params.depthRange.near, params.depthRange.far);
+            (float) params.viewport.width, (float) params.viewport.height, params.depthRange.near, params.depthRange.far);
+            // (float) 1024/*params.viewport.width*/, (float) 640/*params.viewport.height*/, params.depthRange.near, params.depthRange.far);
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::endRenderPass(int) {
+    // FWGPU_LOGW << __FUNCTION__<< "\n";
     mRenderPassEncoder.End();
     mRenderPassEncoder = nullptr;
-    wgpu::CommandBufferDescriptor commandBufferDescriptor {
-        .label = "command_buffer",
-    };
-    mCommandBuffer = mCommandEncoder.Finish(&commandBufferDescriptor);
-    assert_invariant(mCommandBuffer);
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::nextSubpass(int) {
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::makeCurrent(Handle<HwSwapChain> drawSch, Handle<HwSwapChain> readSch) {
-    ASSERT_PRECONDITION_NON_FATAL(drawSch == readSch,
-            "WebGPU driver does not support distinct draw/read swap chains.");
-    auto* swapChain = handleCast<WebGPUSwapChain>(drawSch);
-    mSwapChain = swapChain;
-    assert_invariant(mSwapChain);
-    wgpu::Extent2D surfaceSize = mPlatform.getSurfaceExtent(mNativeWindow);
-    mTextureView = mSwapChain->getCurrentSurfaceTextureView(surfaceSize);
-    assert_invariant(mTextureView);
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::commit(Handle<HwSwapChain> sch) {
-    mCommandEncoder = nullptr;
+    wgpu::CommandBufferDescriptor commandBufferDescriptor = {};
-    mQueue.Submit(1, &mCommandBuffer);
+    commandBufferDescriptor.nextInChain = nullptr;
-    mCommandBuffer = nullptr;
+    mCommandBuffer = mCommandEncoder.Finish(&commandBufferDescriptor);
-    mTextureView = nullptr;
+
-    assert_invariant(mSwapChain);
+    // mQueue.Submit(1, &mCommandBuffer);
-    mSwapChain->present();
+    // mCommandBuffer = nullptr;
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::setPushConstant(backend::ShaderStage stage, uint8_t index,
@@ -848,73 +834,11 @@ void WebGPUDriver::bindPipeline(PipelineState const& pipelineState) {
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::bindRenderPrimitive(Handle<HwRenderPrimitive> rph) {
-    // VulkanCommandBuffer* commands = mCurrentRenderPass.commandBuffer;
-    // VkCommandBuffer cmdbuffer = commands->buffer();
-    // auto prim = resource_ptr<VulkanRenderPrimitive>::cast(&mResourceManager, rph);
-    auto* renderPrimitive = handleCast<WGPURenderPrimitive>(rph);
-    // commands->acquire(prim);
-
-    // This *must* match the VulkanVertexBufferInfo that was bound in bindPipeline(). But we want
-    // to allow to call this before bindPipeline(), so the validation can only happen in draw()
-    auto vbi = handleCast<WGPUVertexBufferInfo>(renderPrimitive->vertexBuffer->vbih);
-    (void) vbi;
-
-    // mRenderPassEncoder.SetVertexBuffer(uint32_t slot, Buffer const& buffer = nullptr, uint64_t offset = 0, uint64_t size = kWholeSize);
-    mRenderPassEncoder.SetIndexBuffer(renderPrimitive->indexBuffer->buffer, renderPrimitive->indexBuffer->indexFormat);
-
-    // uint32_t const bufferCount = vbi->getAttributeCount();
-    // VkDeviceSize const* offsets = vbi->getOffsets();
-    // VkBuffer const* buffers = prim->vertexBuffer->getVkBuffers();
-    //
-    // // Next bind the vertex buffers and index buffer. One potential performance improvement is to
-    // // avoid rebinding these if they are already bound, but since we do not (yet) support subranges
-    // // it would be rare for a client to make consecutive draw calls with the same render primitive.
-    // vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(cmdbuffer, 0, bufferCount, buffers, offsets);
-    // vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(cmdbuffer, prim->indexBuffer->buffer.getGpuBuffer(), 0,
-    //         prim->indexBuffer->indexType);
-
-
-    // METAL
-    // if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(mContext->currentRenderPassAbandoned)) {
-    //     return;
-    // }
-    // FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(mContext->currentRenderPassEncoder != nullptr)
-    //         << "bindRenderPrimitive() without a valid command encoder.";
-    //
-    // // Bind the user vertex buffers.
-    // MetalBuffer* vertexBuffers[MAX_VERTEX_BUFFER_COUNT] = {};
-    // size_t vertexBufferOffsets[MAX_VERTEX_BUFFER_COUNT] = {};
-    // size_t maxBufferIndex = 0;
-    //
-    // MetalRenderPrimitive const* const primitive = handle_cast<MetalRenderPrimitive>(rph);
-    // MetalVertexBufferInfo const* const vbi =
-    //         handle_cast<MetalVertexBufferInfo>(primitive->vertexBuffer->vbih);
-    //
-    // mContext->currentRenderPrimitive = rph;
-    //
-    // auto vb = primitive->vertexBuffer;
-    // for (auto m : vbi->bufferMapping) {
-    //     assert_invariant(
-    //             m.bufferArgumentIndex >= USER_VERTEX_BUFFER_BINDING_START &&
-    //             m.bufferArgumentIndex < USER_VERTEX_BUFFER_BINDING_START + MAX_VERTEX_BUFFER_COUNT);
-    //     size_t const vertexBufferIndex = m.bufferArgumentIndex - USER_VERTEX_BUFFER_BINDING_START;
-    //     vertexBuffers[vertexBufferIndex] = vb->buffers[m.sourceBufferIndex];
-    //     maxBufferIndex = std::max(maxBufferIndex, vertexBufferIndex);
-    // }
-    //
-    // const auto bufferCount = maxBufferIndex + 1;
-    // MetalBuffer::bindBuffers(getPendingCommandBuffer(mContext), mContext->currentRenderPassEncoder,
-    //         USER_VERTEX_BUFFER_BINDING_START, MetalBuffer::Stage::VERTEX, vertexBuffers,
-    //         vertexBufferOffsets, bufferCount);
-    //
-    // // Bind the zero buffer, used for missing vertex attributes.
-    // static const char bytes[16] = { 0 };
-    // [mContext->currentRenderPassEncoder setVertexBytes:bytes
-    //                                             length:16
-    //                                            atIndex:ZERO_VERTEX_BUFFER_BINDING];
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::draw2(uint32_t indexOffset, uint32_t indexCount, uint32_t instanceCount) {
+    // mRenderPassEncoder.DrawIndexed(indexCount, instanceCount, indexOffset, 0, 0);
+
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::draw(PipelineState pipelineState, Handle<HwRenderPrimitive> rph,

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUDriver.h

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_WEBGPUDRIVER_H
 #define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_WEBGPUDRIVER_H
 
-#include "WebGPUHandles.h"
+#include "webgpu/WebGPUSwapChain.h"
 #include <backend/platforms/WebGPUPlatform.h>
 
 #include "DriverBase.h"
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 
 #include <webgpu/webgpu_cpp.h>
 
+#include "WebGPUHandles.h"
+
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 
@@ -39,8 +41,6 @@
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
-class WebGPUSwapChain;
-
 /**
  * WebGPU backend (driver) implementation
  */
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ private:
     wgpu::Adapter mAdapter = nullptr;
     wgpu::Device mDevice = nullptr;
     wgpu::Queue mQueue = nullptr;
-    void* mNativeWindow = nullptr;
+    // TODO consider moving to handle allocator when ready
-    WebGPUSwapChain* mSwapChain = nullptr;
+    std::unique_ptr<WebGPUSwapChain> mSwapChain = nullptr;
     uint64_t mNextFakeHandle = 1;
     wgpu::CommandEncoder mCommandEncoder = nullptr;
     wgpu::TextureView mTextureView = nullptr;
@@ -103,17 +103,11 @@ private:
     D* constructHandle(Handle<B>& handle, ARGS&& ... args) noexcept {
         return mHandleAllocator.construct<D>(handle, std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
     }
-
     template<typename D, typename B>
     D* handleCast(Handle<B> handle) noexcept {
         return mHandleAllocator.handle_cast<D*>(handle);
     }
 
-    template<typename D, typename B>
-    void destructHandle(Handle<B>& handle) noexcept {
-        auto* p = mHandleAllocator.handle_cast<D*>(handle);
-        mHandleAllocator.deallocate(handle, p);
-    }
 };
 
 }// namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUHandles.cpp

@@ -1,267 +1,19 @@
-/*
+//
-* Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+// Created by Idris Idris Shah on 3/21/25.
- *
+//
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
 
 #include "WebGPUHandles.h"
 
-#include <utility>
-
-namespace {
-
-wgpu::Buffer createIndexBuffer(wgpu::Device const& device, uint8_t elementSize, uint32_t indexCount) {
-    wgpu::BufferDescriptor descriptor{ .label = "index_buffer",
-        .usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst | wgpu::BufferUsage::Index,
-        .size = elementSize * indexCount,
-        .mappedAtCreation = false };
-    return device.CreateBuffer(&descriptor);
-}
-
-wgpu::VertexFormat getVertexFormat(filament::backend::ElementType type, bool normalized, bool integer) {
-    using ElementType = filament::backend::ElementType;
-    // using VertexFormat = wgpu::VertexFormat;
-    if (normalized) {
-        switch (type) {
-            // Single Component Types
-            case ElementType::BYTE: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Snorm8;
-            case ElementType::UBYTE: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Unorm8;
-            case ElementType::SHORT: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Snorm16;
-            case ElementType::USHORT: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Unorm16;
-            // Two Component Types
-            case ElementType::BYTE2: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Snorm8x2;
-            case ElementType::UBYTE2: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Unorm8x2;
-            case ElementType::SHORT2: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Snorm16x2;
-            case ElementType::USHORT2: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Unorm16x2;
-            // Three Component Types
-            // There is no vertex format type for 3 byte data in webgpu. Use
-            // 4 byte signed normalized type and ignore the last byte.
-            // TODO: This is to be verified.
-            case ElementType::BYTE3: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Snorm8x4;      // NOT MINSPEC
-            case ElementType::UBYTE3: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Unorm8x4;     // NOT MINSPEC
-            case ElementType::SHORT3: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Snorm16x4;  // NOT MINSPEC
-            case ElementType::USHORT3: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Unorm16x4; // NOT MINSPEC
-            // Four Component Types
-            case ElementType::BYTE4: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Snorm8x4;
-            case ElementType::UBYTE4: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Unorm8x4;
-            case ElementType::SHORT4: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Snorm16x4;
-            case ElementType::USHORT4: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Unorm8x4;
-            default:
-                FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(false) << "Normalized format does not exist.";
-                return wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x3;
-        }
-    }
-    switch (type) {
-        // Single Component Types
-        // There is no direct alternative for SSCALED in webgpu. Convert them to Float32 directly.
-        // This will result in increased memory on the cpu side.
-        // TODO: Is Float16 acceptable instead with some potential accuracy errors?
-        case ElementType::BYTE: return integer ? wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint8 : wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32;
-        case ElementType::UBYTE: return integer ? wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint8 : wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32;
-        case ElementType::SHORT: return integer ? wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint16 : wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32;
-        case ElementType::USHORT: return integer ? wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint16 : wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32;
-        case ElementType::HALF: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Float16;
-        case ElementType::INT: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint32;
-        case ElementType::UINT: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint32;
-        case ElementType::FLOAT: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32;
-        // Two Component Types
-        case ElementType::BYTE2: return integer ? wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint8x2 : wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x2;
-        case ElementType::UBYTE2: return integer ? wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint8x2 : wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x2;
-        case ElementType::SHORT2: return integer ? wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint16x2 : wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x2;
-        case ElementType::USHORT2: return integer ? wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint16x2 : wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x2;
-        case ElementType::HALF2: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Float16x2;
-        case ElementType::FLOAT2: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x2;
-        // Three Component Types
-        case ElementType::BYTE3: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint8x4;      // NOT MINSPEC
-        case ElementType::UBYTE3: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint8x4;     // NOT MINSPEC
-        case ElementType::SHORT3: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint16x4;  // NOT MINSPEC
-        case ElementType::USHORT3: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint16x4; // NOT MINSPEC
-        case ElementType::HALF3: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Float16x4; // NOT MINSPEC
-        case ElementType::FLOAT3: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x3;
-        // Four Component Types
-        case ElementType::BYTE4: return integer ? wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint8x4 : wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x4;
-        case ElementType::UBYTE4: return integer ? wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint8x4 : wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x4;
-        case ElementType::SHORT4: return integer ? wgpu::VertexFormat::Sint16x4 : wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x4;
-        case ElementType::USHORT4: return integer ? wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint16x4 : wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x4;
-        case ElementType::HALF4: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Float16x4;
-        case ElementType::FLOAT4: return wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x4;
-    }
-    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(false) << "Vertex format should always be defined.";
-    return wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x3;
-}
-
-} // namespace
-
 namespace filament::backend {
 
-WGPUVertexBufferInfo::WGPUVertexBufferInfo(uint8_t bufferCount, uint8_t attributeCount,
+WGPUVertexBuffer::WGPUVertexBuffer(uint32_t vextexCount, uint32_t bufferCount,
-        AttributeArray const& attributes)
+        Handle<WGPUVertexBufferInfo> vbih)
-    : HwVertexBufferInfo(bufferCount, attributeCount),
-      mVertexBufferLayout(bufferCount),
-      mAttributes(bufferCount) {
-    for (uint32_t attribIndex = 0; attribIndex < attributes.size(); attribIndex++) {
-        Attribute attrib = attributes[attribIndex];
-        // Ignore the attributes which are not bind to vertex buffers.
-        if (attrib.buffer == Attribute::BUFFER_UNUSED) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        assert_invariant(attrib.buffer < bufferCount);
-        bool const isInteger = attrib.flags & Attribute::FLAG_INTEGER_TARGET;
-        bool const isNormalized = attrib.flags & Attribute::FLAG_NORMALIZED;
-        wgpu::VertexFormat vertexFormat = getVertexFormat(attrib.type, isNormalized, isInteger);
-
-        mAttributes[attrib.buffer].push_back({
-            .format = vertexFormat,
-            .offset = attrib.offset,
-            .shaderLocation = attribIndex,
-        });
-        mVertexBufferLayout[attrib.buffer] = {
-            .arrayStride = attrib.stride,
-        };
-    }
-
-    for (uint32_t bufferIndex = 0; bufferIndex < bufferCount; bufferIndex++) {
-        mVertexBufferLayout[bufferIndex] = {
-            .attributeCount = mAttributes[bufferIndex].size(),
-            .attributes = mAttributes[bufferIndex].data(),
-        };
-    }
-}
-
-WGPUIndexBuffer::WGPUIndexBuffer(wgpu::Device const& device, uint8_t elementSize,
-        uint32_t indexCount)
-    : buffer(createIndexBuffer(device, elementSize, indexCount)),
-      indexFormat(elementSize == 2 ? wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint16 : wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32) {}
-
-
-WGPUVertexBuffer::WGPUVertexBuffer(wgpu::Device const &device, uint32_t vextexCount, uint32_t bufferCount,
-                                   Handle<HwVertexBufferInfo> vbih)
     : HwVertexBuffer(vextexCount),
       vbih(vbih),
-          buffers(bufferCount) {
+      mBuffers(MAX_VERTEX_BUFFER_COUNT) {}
-    wgpu::BufferDescriptor descriptor {
-            .usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::CopyDst | wgpu::BufferUsage::Vertex,
-            .size = vextexCount * bufferCount,
-            .mappedAtCreation = false };
-
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < bufferCount; ++i) {
-        descriptor.label = ("vertex_buffer_" + std::to_string(i)).c_str();
-        buffers[i] = device.CreateBuffer(&descriptor);
-    }
-}
-
-// TODO: Empty function is a place holder for verxtex buffer updates and should be
-// updated for that purpose.
 void WGPUVertexBuffer::setBuffer(WGPUBufferObject* bufferObject, uint32_t index) {}
 
 WGPUBufferObject::WGPUBufferObject(BufferObjectBinding bindingType, uint32_t byteCount)
     : HwBufferObject(byteCount),
-      bufferObjectBinding(bindingType) {}
+      mBindingType(bindingType) {}
-
-wgpu::ShaderStage WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::filamentStageToWGPUStage(ShaderStageFlags fFlags) {
-    wgpu::ShaderStage retStages = wgpu::ShaderStage::None;
-    if (any(ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX & fFlags)) {
-        retStages |= wgpu::ShaderStage::Vertex;
-    }
-    if (any(ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT & fFlags)) {
-        retStages |= wgpu::ShaderStage::Fragment;
-    }
-    if (any(ShaderStageFlags::COMPUTE & fFlags)) {
-        retStages |= wgpu::ShaderStage::Compute;
-    }
-    return retStages;
-}
-
-WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout(DescriptorSetLayout const& layout,
-        wgpu::Device const* device) {
-    assert_invariant(device->Get());
-
-    // TODO: layoutDescriptor has a "Label". Ideally we can get info on what this layout is for
-    // debugging. For now, hack an incrementing value.
-    static int layoutNum = 0;
-
-
-    uint samplerCount =
-            std::count_if(layout.bindings.begin(), layout.bindings.end(), [](auto& fEntry) {
-                return fEntry.type == DescriptorType::SAMPLER ||
-                       fEntry.type == DescriptorType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL;
-            });
-
-
-    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry> wEntries;
-    wEntries.reserve(layout.bindings.size() + samplerCount);
-
-    for (auto fEntry: layout.bindings) {
-        auto& wEntry = wEntries.emplace_back();
-        wEntry.visibility = filamentStageToWGPUStage(fEntry.stageFlags);
-        wEntry.binding = fEntry.binding * 2;
-
-        switch (fEntry.type) {
-            // TODO Metal treats these the same. Is this fine?
-            case DescriptorType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL:
-            case DescriptorType::SAMPLER: {
-                // Sampler binding is 2n+1 due to split.
-                auto& samplerEntry = wEntries.emplace_back();
-                samplerEntry.binding = fEntry.binding * 2 + 1;
-                samplerEntry.visibility = wEntry.visibility;
-                // We are simply hoping that undefined and defaults suffices here.
-                samplerEntry.sampler.type = wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Undefined;
-                wEntry.texture.sampleType = wgpu::TextureSampleType::Undefined;
-                break;
-            }
-            case DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER: {
-                wEntry.buffer.hasDynamicOffset =
-                        any(fEntry.flags & DescriptorFlags::DYNAMIC_OFFSET);
-                wEntry.buffer.type = wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform;
-                // TODO: Ideally we fill minBindingSize
-                break;
-            }
-
-            case DescriptorType::INPUT_ATTACHMENT: {
-                // TODO: support INPUT_ATTACHMENT. Metal does not currently.
-                PANIC_POSTCONDITION("Input Attachment is not supported");
-                break;
-            }
-
-            case DescriptorType::SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER: {
-                // TODO: Vulkan does not support this, can we?
-                PANIC_POSTCONDITION("Shader storage is not supported");
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Currently flags are only used to specify dynamic offset.
-
-        // UNUSED
-        // fEntry.count
-    }
-
-    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor layoutDescriptor{
-        // TODO: layoutDescriptor has a "Label". Ideally we can get info on what this layout is for
-        // debugging. For now, hack an incrementing value.
-        .label{ "layout_" + std::to_string(++layoutNum) },
-        .entryCount = wEntries.size(),
-        .entries = wEntries.data()
-    };
-    // TODO Do we need to defer this until we have more info on textures and samplers??
-    mLayout = device->CreateBindGroupLayout(&layoutDescriptor);
-}
-WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::~WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout() {}
-
-void WGPURenderPrimitive::setBuffers(WGPUVertexBufferInfo const* const vbi,
-        WGPUVertexBuffer* vertexBuffer, WGPUIndexBuffer* indexBuffer) {
-
-    }
-
 }// namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUHandles.h

@@ -1,19 +1,6 @@
-/*
+//
-* Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+// Created by Idris Idris Shah on 3/21/25.
- *
+//
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
 
 #ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_WEBGPUHANDLES_H
 #define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_WEBGPUHANDLES_H
@@ -22,87 +9,44 @@
 
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
 #include <backend/Handle.h>
-
 #include <utils/FixedCapacityVector.h>
-// #include <utils/StructureOfArrays.h>
 
 #include <webgpu/webgpu_cpp.h>
 
-#include <cstdint>
-
 namespace filament::backend {
 
 struct WGPUBufferObject;
-
-// VertexBufferInfo contains layout info for Vertex Buffer based on WebGPU structs. In WebGPU each
-// VertexBufferLayout is associated with a single vertex buffer. So number of mVertexBufferLayout
-// is equal to bufferCount. Each VertexBufferLayout can contain multiple VertexAttribute. Bind index
-// of vertex buffer is implicitly calculated by the position of VertexBufferLayout in an array.
 struct WGPUVertexBufferInfo : public HwVertexBufferInfo {
-
     WGPUVertexBufferInfo(uint8_t bufferCount, uint8_t attributeCount,
-            AttributeArray const& attributes);
+            AttributeArray const& attributes)
-    inline  wgpu::VertexBufferLayout const* getVertexBufferLayout() const {
+        : HwVertexBufferInfo(bufferCount, attributeCount),
-        return mVertexBufferLayout.data();
+          attributes(attributes) {}
-    }
+    AttributeArray attributes;
-    inline uint32_t getVertexBufferLayoutSize() const {
-        return mVertexBufferLayout.size();
-    }
-
-    inline wgpu::VertexAttribute const* getVertexAttributeForIndex(uint32_t index) const {
-        return mAttributes[index].data();
-    }
-    inline uint32_t getVertexAttributeSize(uint32_t index) const {
-        return mAttributes[index].size();
-    }
-private:
-    std::vector<wgpu::VertexBufferLayout> mVertexBufferLayout;
-    std::vector<std::vector<wgpu::VertexAttribute>> mAttributes;
 };
 
 struct WGPUVertexBuffer : public HwVertexBuffer {
-    WGPUVertexBuffer(wgpu::Device const &device, uint32_t vextexCount, uint32_t bufferCount,
+    WGPUVertexBuffer(uint32_t vextexCount, uint32_t bufferCount, Handle<WGPUVertexBufferInfo> vbih);
-                     Handle<HwVertexBufferInfo> vbih);
+    void setBuffer(WGPUBufferObject* bufferObject, uint32_t index);
 
-    void setBuffer(WGPUBufferObject *bufferObject, uint32_t index);
+    Handle<WGPUVertexBufferInfo> vbih;
-
+    utils::FixedCapacityVector<wgpu::Buffer> mBuffers;
-    Handle<HwVertexBufferInfo> vbih;
-    utils::FixedCapacityVector<wgpu::Buffer> buffers;
 };
 
 struct WGPUIndexBuffer : public HwIndexBuffer {
-    WGPUIndexBuffer(wgpu::Device const &device, uint8_t elementSize,
+    WGPUIndexBuffer(BufferUsage usage, uint8_t elementSize, uint32_t indexCount);
-                    uint32_t indexCount);
 
     wgpu::Buffer buffer;
-    wgpu::IndexFormat indexFormat;
 };
 
-// TODO: Currently WGPUBufferObject is not used by WebGPU for useful task.
-// Update the struct when used by WebGPU driver.
 struct WGPUBufferObject : HwBufferObject {
     WGPUBufferObject(BufferObjectBinding bindingType, uint32_t byteCount);
 
-    wgpu::Buffer buffer;
+    wgpu::Buffer mBuffer;
-    const BufferObjectBinding bufferObjectBinding;
+    const BufferObjectBinding mBindingType;
 };
 
-class WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout : public HwDescriptorSetLayout {
+class WGPUTexture : public HwTexture {
 public:
-    WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout(DescriptorSetLayout const& layout, wgpu::Device const* device);
-    ~WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout();
-
-private:
-    // TODO: If this is useful elsewhere, remove it from this class
-    // Convert Filament Shader Stage Flags bitmask to webgpu equivilant
-    static wgpu::ShaderStage filamentStageToWGPUStage(ShaderStageFlags fFlags);
-
-    wgpu::BindGroupLayout mLayout;
-};
-
-// TODO: Currently WGPUTexture is not used by WebGPU for useful task.
-// Update the struct when used by WebGPU driver.
-struct WGPUTexture : public HwTexture {
     WGPUTexture(SamplerType target, uint8_t levels, TextureFormat format, uint8_t samples,
             uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t depth, TextureUsage usage) noexcept;
 
@@ -112,22 +56,11 @@ struct WGPUTexture : public HwTexture {
     wgpu::Texture texture = nullptr;
 };
 
-struct WGPURenderPrimitive : public HwRenderPrimitive {
+class WGPURenderTarget : public HwRenderTarget {
-    WGPURenderPrimitive();
+public:
-
-    void setBuffers(WGPUVertexBufferInfo const* const vbi,
-            WGPUVertexBuffer* vertexBuffer, WGPUIndexBuffer* indexBuffer);
-
-    WGPUVertexBuffer* vertexBuffer = nullptr;
-    WGPUIndexBuffer* indexBuffer = nullptr;
-};
-
-// TODO: Currently WGPURenderTarget is not used by WebGPU for useful task.
-// Update the struct when used by WebGPU driver.
-struct WGPURenderTarget : public HwRenderTarget {
     class Attachment {
     public:
-        friend struct WGPURenderTarget;
+        friend class WGPURenderTarget;
 
         Attachment() = default;
         Attachment(WGPUTexture* gpuTexture, uint8_t level = 0, uint16_t layer = 0)

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUSwapChain.cpp

@@ -190,13 +190,10 @@ wgpu::CompositeAlphaMode selectAlphaMode(size_t availableAlphaModesCount,
     }
 }
 
-void initConfig(wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration& config, wgpu::Device const& device,
+void initConfig(wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration& config, wgpu::Device& device,
-        wgpu::SurfaceCapabilities const& capabilities, wgpu::Extent2D const& surfaceSize,
+        wgpu::SurfaceCapabilities const& capabilities, bool useSRGBColorSpace) {
-        bool useSRGBColorSpace) {
     config.device = device;
     config.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::RenderAttachment;
-    config.width = surfaceSize.width;
-    config.height = surfaceSize.height;
     config.format =
             selectColorFormat(capabilities.formatCount, capabilities.formats, useSRGBColorSpace);
     config.presentMode =
@@ -208,8 +205,8 @@ void initConfig(wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration& config, wgpu::Device const& device,
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
-WebGPUSwapChain::WebGPUSwapChain(wgpu::Surface&& surface, wgpu::Extent2D const& surfaceSize,
+WebGPUSwapChain::WebGPUSwapChain(wgpu::Surface&& surface, wgpu::Adapter& adapter,
-        wgpu::Adapter& adapter, wgpu::Device& device, uint64_t flags)
+        wgpu::Device& device, uint64_t flags)
     : mSurface(surface) {
     wgpu::SurfaceCapabilities capabilities = {};
     if (!mSurface.GetCapabilities(adapter, &capabilities)) {
@@ -220,55 +217,59 @@ WebGPUSwapChain::WebGPUSwapChain(wgpu::Surface&& surface, wgpu::Extent2D const&
 #endif
     }
     const bool useSRGBColorSpace = (flags & SWAP_CHAIN_CONFIG_SRGB_COLORSPACE) != 0;
-    initConfig(mConfig, device, capabilities, surfaceSize, useSRGBColorSpace);
+    initConfig(mConfig, device, capabilities, useSRGBColorSpace);
-    mSurface.Configure(&mConfig);
 }
 
 WebGPUSwapChain::~WebGPUSwapChain() {
+    if (mConfigured) {
         mSurface.Unconfigure();
+        mConfigured = false;
+    }
 }
 
-void WebGPUSwapChain::setExtent(wgpu::Extent2D const& currentSurfaceSize) {
+void WebGPUSwapChain::GetCurrentTexture(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, wgpu::SurfaceTexture* texture) {
-    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(currentSurfaceSize.width > 0 || currentSurfaceSize.height > 0)
+    if (width < 1 || height < 1) {
-            << "WebGPUSwapChain::setExtent: Invalid width " << currentSurfaceSize.width
+        PANIC_LOG("WebGPUSwapChain::GetCurrentTexture: Invalid width and/or height requested.");
-            << " and/or height " << currentSurfaceSize.height << " requested.";
+        return;
-    if (mConfig.width != currentSurfaceSize.width || mConfig.height != currentSurfaceSize.height) {
+    }
-        mConfig.width = currentSurfaceSize.width;
+    if (mConfig.width != width || mConfig.height != height || !mConfigured) {
-        mConfig.height = currentSurfaceSize.height;
+        mConfig.width = width;
+        mConfig.height = height;
 #if FWGPU_ENABLED(FWGPU_PRINT_SYSTEM)
         printSurfaceConfiguration(mConfig);
 #endif
-        FWGPU_LOGD << "Resizing to width " << mConfig.width << " height " << mConfig.height
-                   << utils::io::endl;
-        // TODO we may need to ensure no surface texture is flight when we do this. some
-        //      synchronization may be necessary
         mSurface.Configure(&mConfig);
+        mConfigured = true;
+        return;
     }
+
+    mSurface.GetCurrentTexture(texture);
 }
 
-wgpu::TextureView WebGPUSwapChain::getCurrentSurfaceTextureView(
+wgpu::TextureView WebGPUSwapChain::GetNextSurfaceTextureView(uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
-        wgpu::Extent2D const& currentSurfaceSize) {
-    setExtent(currentSurfaceSize);
     wgpu::SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture;
-    mSurface.GetCurrentTexture(&surfaceTexture);
+    GetCurrentTexture(width, height, &surfaceTexture);
-    if (surfaceTexture.status != wgpu::SurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus::SuccessOptimal) {
+    if (surfaceTexture.status != wgpu::SurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus::Success) {
         return nullptr;
     }
+
     // Create a view for this surface texture
-    // TODO: review these initiliazations as webgpu pipeline gets mature
+    wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor textureViewDescriptor;
-    wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor textureViewDescriptor = {
+    textureViewDescriptor.nextInChain = nullptr;
-        .label = "texture_view",
+    textureViewDescriptor.label = "Surface texture view";
-        .format = surfaceTexture.texture.GetFormat(),
+    textureViewDescriptor.format = surfaceTexture.texture.GetFormat();
-        .dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D,
+    textureViewDescriptor.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D;
-        .baseMipLevel = 0,
+    textureViewDescriptor.baseMipLevel = 0;
-        .mipLevelCount = 1,
+    textureViewDescriptor.mipLevelCount = 1;
-        .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+    textureViewDescriptor.baseArrayLayer = 0;
-        .arrayLayerCount = 1
+    textureViewDescriptor.arrayLayerCount = 1;
-    };
+    textureViewDescriptor.aspect = wgpu::TextureAspect::All;
-    return surfaceTexture.texture.CreateView(&textureViewDescriptor);
+    wgpu::TextureView textureView = surfaceTexture.texture.CreateView(&textureViewDescriptor);
+
+    return textureView;
 }
 
-void WebGPUSwapChain::present() {
+void WebGPUSwapChain::Present() {
     assert_invariant(mSurface);
     mSurface.Present();
 }

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUSwapChain.h

@@ -19,28 +19,26 @@
 
 #include <webgpu/webgpu_cpp.h>
 
-#include "DriverBase.h"
 #include <backend/Platform.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
-class WebGPUSwapChain final : public Platform::SwapChain, HwSwapChain {
+class WebGPUSwapChain : public Platform::SwapChain {
 public:
-    WebGPUSwapChain(wgpu::Surface&& surface, wgpu::Extent2D const& surfaceSize,
+    WebGPUSwapChain(wgpu::Surface&& surface, wgpu::Adapter& adapter, wgpu::Device& device,
-            wgpu::Adapter& adapter, wgpu::Device& device, uint64_t flags);
+            uint64_t flags);
     ~WebGPUSwapChain();
 
-    wgpu::TextureView getCurrentSurfaceTextureView(wgpu::Extent2D const&);
+    void GetCurrentTexture(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, wgpu::SurfaceTexture*);
-
+    wgpu::TextureView GetNextSurfaceTextureView(uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
-    void present();
+    void Present();
 
 private:
-    void setExtent(wgpu::Extent2D const&);
-
     wgpu::Surface mSurface = {};
     wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration mConfig = {};
+    bool mConfigured = false;
 };
 
 } // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/webgpu/platform/WebGPUPlatformAndroid.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 #include <utils/Panic.h>
 
-#include <android/native_window.h>
 #include <webgpu/webgpu_cpp.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -29,14 +28,6 @@
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
-wgpu::Extent2D WebGPUPlatform::getSurfaceExtent(void* nativeWindow) const {
-    ANativeWindow* window = static_cast<ANativeWindow*>(nativeWindow);
-    return wgpu::Extent2D{
-        .width = static_cast<uint32_t>(ANativeWindow_getWidth(window)),
-        .height = static_cast<uint32_t>(ANativeWindow_getHeight(window))
-    };
-}
-
 wgpu::Surface WebGPUPlatform::createSurface(void* nativeWindow, uint64_t /*flags*/) {
     wgpu::SurfaceSourceAndroidNativeWindow surfaceSourceAndroidWindow{};
     surfaceSourceAndroidWindow.window = nativeWindow;

filament/backend/src/webgpu/platform/WebGPUPlatformApple.mm

@@ -24,8 +24,21 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 
 // Platform specific includes and defines
-#include <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
-#import <QuartzCore/CAMetalLayer.h>
+    #include <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
+    #import <QuartzCore/CAMetalLayer.h>
+#elif defined(FILAMENT_IOS)
+    // Metal is not available when building for the iOS simulator on Desktop.
+    #define METAL_AVAILABLE __has_include(<QuartzCore/CAMetalLayer.h>)
+    #if METAL_AVAILABLE
+        #import <Metal/Metal.h>
+        #import <QuartzCore/CAMetalLayer.h>
+    #endif
+    // is this needed?
+    #define METALVIEW_TAG 255
+#else
+    #error Not a supported Apple + WebGPU platform
+#endif
 
 /**
  * Apple (Mac OS and IOS) specific implementation aspects of the WebGPU backend
@@ -33,19 +46,14 @@
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
-wgpu::Extent2D WebGPUPlatform::getSurfaceExtent(void* nativeWindow) const {
-    // Both IOS and MacOS expects CAMetalLayer.
-    CAMetalLayer* metalLayer = (__bridge CAMetalLayer*) nativeWindow;
-    return wgpu::Extent2D{
-        .width = static_cast<uint32_t>(metalLayer.drawableSize.width),
-        .height = static_cast<uint32_t>(metalLayer.drawableSize.height)
-    };
-}
-
 wgpu::Surface WebGPUPlatform::createSurface(void* nativeWindow, uint64_t /*flags*/) {
     wgpu::Surface surface = nullptr;
-    // Both IOS and MacOS expects CAMetalLayer.
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
-    CAMetalLayer* metalLayer = (__bridge CAMetalLayer*) nativeWindow;
+    auto nsView = (__bridge NSView*) nativeWindow;
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(nsView) << "Unable to obtain Metal-backed NSView.";
+    [nsView setWantsLayer:YES];
+    id metalLayer = [CAMetalLayer layer];
+    [nsView setLayer:metalLayer];
     wgpu::SurfaceSourceMetalLayer surfaceSourceMetalLayer{};
     surfaceSourceMetalLayer.layer = (__bridge void*) metalLayer;
     wgpu::SurfaceDescriptor surfaceDescriptor = {
@@ -54,6 +62,19 @@ wgpu::Surface WebGPUPlatform::createSurface(void* nativeWindow, uint64_t /*flags
     };
     surface = mInstance.CreateSurface(&surfaceDescriptor);
     FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(surface != nullptr) << "Unable to create Metal-backed surface.";
+#elif defined(FILAMENT_IOS)
+    CAMetalLayer* metalLayer = (CAMetalLayer*) nativeWindow;
+    wgpu::SurfaceSourceMetalLayer surfaceSourceMetalLayer{};
+    surfaceSourceMetalLayer.layer = (__bridge void*) metalLayer;
+    wgpu::SurfaceDescriptor surfaceDescriptor = {
+        .nextInChain = &surfaceSourceMetalLayer,
+        .label = "metal_surface",
+    };
+    surface = mInstance.CreateSurface(&surfaceDescriptor);
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(surface != nullptr) << "Unable to create Metal-backed surface.";
+#else
+    #error Not a supported Apple + WebGPU platform
+#endif
     return surface;
 }
 

filament/backend/src/webgpu/platform/WebGPUPlatformLinux.cpp

@@ -79,74 +79,6 @@
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
-wgpu::Extent2D WebGPUPlatform::getSurfaceExtent(void* nativeWindow) const {
-    auto surfaceExtent = wgpu::Extent2D{};
-#if defined(__linux__) && defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WAYLAND)
-    wl* ptrval = reinterpret_cast<wl*>(nativeWindow);
-    surfaceExtent.width = ptrval->width;
-    surfaceExtent.height = ptrval->height;
-    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(surfaceExtent.width != 0 && surfaceExtent.height != 0)
-            << "Unable to get window size for Linux Wayland-backed surface.";
-#elif defined(LINUX_OR_FREEBSD) && defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_X11)
-    if (g_x11.library == nullptr) {
-        g_x11.library = dlopen(LIBRARY_X11, RTLD_LOCAL | RTLD_NOW);
-        FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(g_x11.library) << "Unable to open X11 library.";
-        #if defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_XCB)
-            g_x11.xcbConnect = (XCB_CONNECT) dlsym(g_x11.library, "xcb_connect");
-            int screen = 0;
-            g_x11.connection = g_x11.xcbConnect(nullptr, &screen);
-        #endif
-        #if defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_XLIB)
-            g_x11.openDisplay = (X11_OPEN_DISPLAY) dlsym(g_x11.library, "XOpenDisplay");
-            g_x11.display = g_x11.openDisplay(NULL);
-            FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(g_x11.display) << "Unable to open X11 display.";
-        #endif
-    }
-    #if defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_XCB) || defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_XLIB)
-        bool useXcb = false;
-    #endif
-    #if defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_XCB)
-        #if defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_XLIB)
-            useXcb = (SWAP_CHAIN_CONFIG_ENABLE_XCB) != 0;
-        #else
-            useXcb = true;
-        #endif
-        if (useXcb) {
-            const xcb_setup_t* setup = xcb_get_setup(g_x11.connection);
-            xcb_screen_iterator_t screen_iter = xcb_setup_roots_iterator(setup);
-            xcb_screen_t* screen = screen_iter.data;
-            surfaceExtent.width = static_cast<uint32_t>(screen->width_in_pixels);
-            surfaceExtent.height = static_cast<uint32_t>(screen->height_in_pixels);
-            FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(surfaceExtent.width != 0 && surfaceExtent.height != 0)
-                    << "Unable to get window surface size for Linux (or FreeBSD) "
-                       "XCB-backed surface.";
-        }
-    #endif
-    #if defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_XLIB)
-        if (!useXcb) {
-            int screenNumber = DefaultScreen(g_x11.display);
-            Screen* screen = ScreenOfDisplay(g_x11.display, screenNumber);
-            surfaceExtent.width = static_cast<uint32_t>(WidthOfScreen(screen));
-            surfaceExtent.height = static_cast<uint32_t>(HeightOfScreen(screen));
-            FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(surfaceExtent.width != 0 && surfaceExtent.height != 0)
-                    << "Unable to get window surface size for Linux (or FreeBSD) "
-                       "XLib-backed surface.";
-        }
-    #endif
-    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(surfaceExtent.width != 0 && surfaceExtent.height != 0)
-            << "Cannot get window surface size for X11 surface for Linux (or FreeBSD) OS "
-               "(not built with support for XCB or XLIB?)";
-#elif defined(__linux__)
-    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(surfaceExtent.width != 0 && surfaceExtent.height != 0)
-            << "Cannot get window surface size for Linux (or FreeBSD) OS "
-               "(not built with support for Wayland or X11?)";
-#else
-    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(surfaceExtent.width != 0 && surfaceExtent.height != 0)
-            << "Not a supported (Linux) OS + WebGPU platform";
-#endif
-    return surfaceExtent;
-}
-
 wgpu::Surface WebGPUPlatform::createSurface(void* nativeWindow, uint64_t flags) {
     wgpu::Surface surface = nullptr;
 #if defined(__linux__) && defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WAYLAND)

filament/backend/src/webgpu/platform/WebGPUPlatformWindows.cpp

@@ -30,16 +30,6 @@
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
-wgpu::Extent2D WebGPUPlatform::getSurfaceExtent(void* nativeWindow) const {
-    HWND window = static_cast<HWND>(nativeWindow);
-    RECT windowRect;
-    GetWindowRect(window, &windowRect);
-    return wgpu::Extent2D{
-        .width = static_cast<uint32_t>(windowRect.right - windowRect.left),
-        .height = static_cast<uint32_t>(windowRect.bottom - windowRect.top)
-    };
-}
-
 wgpu::Surface WebGPUPlatform::createSurface(void* nativeWindow, uint64_t /*flags*/) {
     // TODO verify this is necessary for Dawn implementation as well:
     // On (at least) NVIDIA drivers, the Vulkan implementation (specifically the call to

filament/backend/test/BackendTest.cpp

@@ -43,12 +43,10 @@ using namespace image;
 namespace test {
 
 Backend BackendTest::sBackend = Backend::NOOP;
-OperatingSystem BackendTest::sOperatingSystem = OperatingSystem::OTHER;
 bool BackendTest::sIsMobilePlatform = false;
 
-void BackendTest::init(Backend backend, OperatingSystem operatingSystem, bool isMobilePlatform) {
+void BackendTest::init(Backend backend, bool isMobilePlatform) {
     sBackend = backend;
-    sOperatingSystem = operatingSystem;
     sIsMobilePlatform = isMobilePlatform;
 }
 
@@ -201,18 +199,6 @@ void BackendTest::readPixelsAndAssertHash(const char* testName, size_t width, si
     getDriverApi().readPixels(rt, 0, 0, width, height, std::move(pbd));
 }
 
-bool BackendTest::matchesEnvironment(Backend backend) {
-    return sBackend == backend;
-}
-
-bool BackendTest::matchesEnvironment(OperatingSystem operatingSystem) {
-    return sOperatingSystem == operatingSystem;
-}
-
-bool BackendTest::matchesEnvironment(OperatingSystem operatingSystem, Backend backend) {
-    return matchesEnvironment(operatingSystem) && matchesEnvironment(backend);
-}
-
 class Environment : public ::testing::Environment {
 public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
@@ -224,8 +210,8 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-void initTests(Backend backend, OperatingSystem operatingSystem, bool isMobile, int& argc, char* argv[]) {
+void initTests(Backend backend, bool isMobile, int& argc, char* argv[]) {
-    BackendTest::init(backend, operatingSystem, isMobile);
+    BackendTest::init(backend, isMobile);
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
     ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new Environment);
 }

filament/backend/test/BackendTest.h

@@ -31,10 +31,9 @@ namespace test {
 class BackendTest : public ::testing::Test {
 public:
 
-    static void init(Backend backend, OperatingSystem operatingSystem, bool isMobilePlatform);
+    static void init(Backend backend, bool isMobilePlatform);
 
     static Backend sBackend;
-    static OperatingSystem sOperatingSystem;
     static bool sIsMobilePlatform;
 
 protected:
@@ -72,10 +71,6 @@ protected:
     filament::backend::DriverApi& getDriverApi() { return *commandStream; }
     filament::backend::Driver& getDriver() { return *driver; }
 
-    static bool matchesEnvironment(Backend backend);
-    static bool matchesEnvironment(OperatingSystem operatingSystem);
-    static bool matchesEnvironment(OperatingSystem operatingSystem, Backend backend);
-
 private:
 
     filament::backend::Driver* driver = nullptr;

filament/backend/test/PlatformRunner.cpp

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "PlatformRunner.h"
-
-namespace utils {
-
-template<>
-CString to_string<test::Backend>(test::Backend backend) noexcept {
-    switch (backend) {
-        case test::Backend::OPENGL: {
-            return "OpenGL";
-        }
-        case test::Backend::VULKAN: {
-            return "Vulkan";
-        }
-        case test::Backend::METAL: {
-            return "Metal";
-        }
-        case test::Backend::WEBGPU: {
-            return "WebGPU";
-        }
-        case test::Backend::NOOP:
-        default: {
-            return "No-op";
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template<>
-CString to_string(test::OperatingSystem os) noexcept {
-    switch (os) {
-        case test::OperatingSystem::LINUX: {
-            return "Linux";
-        }
-        case test::OperatingSystem::APPLE: {
-            return "Apple";
-        }
-        case test::OperatingSystem::OTHER:
-        default: {
-            return "Other";
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace utils
-

filament/backend/test/PlatformRunner.h

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
-#include "utils/CString.h"
 
 namespace test {
 
@@ -35,15 +34,6 @@ enum class Backend : uint8_t {
     NOOP = 5,
 };
 
-enum class OperatingSystem: uint8_t {
-    OTHER = 1,
-    // Also represents android phones.
-    LINUX = 2,
-    // Also represents iOS phones.
-    APPLE = 3,
-    // TODO: When tests support windows add it here.
-};
-
 struct NativeView {
     void* ptr = nullptr;
     size_t width = 0, height = 0;
@@ -61,10 +51,9 @@ NativeView getNativeView();
  * No tests will be run yet.
  *
  * @param backend The backend to run the tests on.
- * @param operatingSystem The operating system the tests are being run on.
  * @param isMobile True if the platform is a mobile platform (iOS or Android).
  */
-void initTests(Backend backend, OperatingSystem operatingSystem, bool isMobile, int& argc, char* argv[]);
+void initTests(Backend backend, bool isMobile, int& argc, char* argv[]);
 
 /**
  * Test runners should call runTests when they are ready for tests to be run.
@@ -79,6 +68,6 @@ int runTests();
  */
 Backend parseArgumentsForBackend(int argc, char* argv[]);
 
-} // namespace test
+}
 
 #endif

filament/backend/test/Shader.cpp

@@ -23,44 +23,30 @@ namespace test {
 
 using namespace filament::backend;
 
-Shader::Shader(DriverApi& api, Cleanup& cleanup, ShaderConfig config) : mCleanup(cleanup) {
+Shader::Shader(DriverApi& api, Cleanup& cleanup, ShaderConfig config) {
-    utils::FixedCapacityVector<DescriptorSetLayoutBinding> kLayouts(config.uniforms.size());
+    utils::FixedCapacityVector<DescriptorSetLayoutBinding> kLayouts(config.uniformNames.size());
-    for (unsigned char i = 0; i < config.uniforms.size(); ++i) {
+    for (unsigned char i = 0; i < config.uniformNames.size(); ++i) {
-        kLayouts[i] = {
+        kLayouts[i] =
-                config.uniforms[i].type.value_or(DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER),
+                { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS, i };
-                ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS, i };
+    };
-    }
 
-    // This assumes that the uniforms will all be in a single descriptor set at index 1.
-    // If there are shaders with uniforms in other sets then ShaderConfig will need to be expanded
-    // to accommodate that.
-    size_t kDescriptorSetIndex = 1;
     filamat::DescriptorSets descriptors;
-    descriptors[kDescriptorSetIndex] = filamat::DescriptorSetInfo(config.uniforms.size());
+    for (unsigned char i = 0; i < config.uniformNames.size(); ++i) {
-    for (unsigned char i = 0; i < config.uniforms.size(); ++i) {
+        descriptors[i + 1] = {{ config.uniformNames[i], kLayouts[i], {}}};
-        descriptors[kDescriptorSetIndex][i] = {
-                config.uniforms[i].name, kLayouts[i], config.uniforms[i].samplerInfo };
     }
     ShaderGenerator shaderGen(
             std::move(config.vertexShader), std::move(config.fragmentShader), BackendTest::sBackend,
             BackendTest::sIsMobilePlatform, std::move(descriptors));
     Program prog = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
-
+    for (unsigned char i = 0; i < config.uniformNames.size(); ++i) {
-    Program::DescriptorBindingsInfo bindingsInfo(config.uniforms.size());
+        prog.descriptorBindings(1, {{ config.uniformNames[i], DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, i }});
-    for (unsigned char i = 0; i < config.uniforms.size(); ++i) {
-        bindingsInfo[i] = {
-                config.uniforms[i].name,
-                config.uniforms[i].type.value_or(DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER), i };
     }
-    prog.descriptorBindings(1, bindingsInfo);
     mProgram = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(prog)));
 
     mDescriptorSetLayout = cleanup.add(
             api.createDescriptorSetLayout(DescriptorSetLayout{ kLayouts }));
-}
 
-filament::backend::DescriptorSetHandle Shader::createDescriptorSet(DriverApi& api) const {
+    mDescriptorSet = cleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSet(mDescriptorSetLayout));
-    return mCleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSet(mDescriptorSetLayout));
 }
 
 filament::backend::ProgramHandle Shader::getProgram() const {
@@ -71,4 +57,8 @@ filament::backend::DescriptorSetLayoutHandle Shader::getDescriptorSetLayout() co
     return mDescriptorSetLayout;
 }
 
+filament::backend::DescriptorSetHandle Shader::getDescriptorSet() const {
+    return mDescriptorSet;
+}
+
 } // namespace test

filament/backend/test/Shader.h

@@ -18,22 +18,14 @@
 #define TNT_SHADER_H
 
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
-#include "private/filament/SamplerInterfaceBlock.h"
 
 namespace test {
 
-struct UniformConfig {
-    utils::CString name;
-    // If not specified this will be DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER
-    std::optional<filament::backend::DescriptorType> type;
-    std::optional<filament::SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo> samplerInfo;
-};
-
 // All describing a shader that should be created.
 struct ShaderConfig {
     std::string vertexShader;
     std::string fragmentShader;
-    std::vector<UniformConfig> uniforms;
+    std::vector<utils::CString> uniformNames;
 };
 
 // All values describing a uniform.
@@ -43,7 +35,6 @@ struct ResolvedUniformBindingConfig {
     uint32_t byteOffset;
     filament::backend::descriptor_set_t set;
     filament::backend::descriptor_binding_t binding;
-    std::optional<filament::backend::DescriptorSetHandle> descriptorSet;
 };
 
 // An equivalent to ResolvedUniformBindingConfig with all fields optional.
@@ -55,7 +46,6 @@ struct UniformBindingConfig {
     std::optional<uint32_t> byteOffset;
     std::optional<filament::backend::descriptor_set_t> set;
     std::optional<filament::backend::descriptor_binding_t> binding;
-    std::optional<filament::backend::DescriptorSetHandle> descriptorSet;
 
     template<typename UniformType>
     ResolvedUniformBindingConfig resolve();
@@ -89,14 +79,12 @@ public:
 
     filament::backend::ProgramHandle getProgram() const;
     filament::backend::DescriptorSetLayoutHandle getDescriptorSetLayout() const;
-
+    filament::backend::DescriptorSetHandle getDescriptorSet() const;
-    filament::backend::DescriptorSetHandle createDescriptorSet(
-            filament::backend::DriverApi& api) const;
 
 protected:
-    Cleanup& mCleanup;
     filament::backend::ProgramHandle mProgram;
     filament::backend::DescriptorSetLayoutHandle mDescriptorSetLayout;
+    filament::backend::DescriptorSetHandle mDescriptorSet;
 };
 
 template<typename UniformType>
@@ -107,8 +95,7 @@ ResolvedUniformBindingConfig UniformBindingConfig::resolve() {
             .bufferSize = bufferSize.value_or(resolvedDataSize),
             .byteOffset = byteOffset.value_or(0),
             .set = set.value_or(1),
-            .binding = binding.value_or(0),
+            .binding = binding.value_or(0)
-            .descriptorSet = descriptorSet
     };
 }
 
@@ -133,16 +120,9 @@ void Shader::bindUniform(filament::backend::DriverApi& api,
         UniformBindingConfig config) const {
     auto resolvedConfig = config.resolve<UniformType>();
 
-    filament::backend::DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet;
+    api.updateDescriptorSetBuffer(getDescriptorSet(), resolvedConfig.binding, hwBuffer, 0,
-    if (resolvedConfig.descriptorSet.has_value()) {
-        descriptorSet = *resolvedConfig.descriptorSet;
-    } else {
-        descriptorSet = createDescriptorSet(api);
-    }
-
-    api.updateDescriptorSetBuffer(descriptorSet, resolvedConfig.binding, hwBuffer, 0,
             resolvedConfig.bufferSize);
-    api.bindDescriptorSet(descriptorSet, resolvedConfig.set, {});
+    api.bindDescriptorSet(getDescriptorSet(), resolvedConfig.set, {});
 }
 
 template<typename UniformType>

filament/backend/test/SharedShaders.cpp

@@ -1,253 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "SharedShaders.h"
-
-#include "Shader.h"
-#include "absl/strings/str_format.h"
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
-
-namespace test {
-
-using namespace filament::backend;
-
-namespace {
-
-// A shader stored in pieces so that uniform declarations can be injected.
-struct ShaderText {
-    std::string mPrefix;
-    std::string mBody;
-
-    std::string withUniform(const std::string& uniformText) const {
-        return absl::StrFormat("%s\n%s\n%s", mPrefix.c_str(), uniformText.c_str(), mBody.c_str());
-    }
-};
-
-std::optional<ShaderText> GetGlslVertexShader(VertexShaderType type) {
-    switch (type) {
-        case VertexShaderType::Noop: {
-            return ShaderText{
-                    R"(
-#version 450 core
-layout(location = 0) in vec4 mesh_position;
-)", R"(
-void main() {
-    gl_Position = vec4(mesh_position.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
-#if defined(TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT)
-    // In Vulkan, clip space is Y-down. In OpenGL and Metal, clip space is Y-up.
-    gl_Position.y = -gl_Position.y;
-#endif
-})" };
-        }
-        case VertexShaderType::Simple: {
-            return ShaderText{
-                    R"(
-#version 450 core
-layout(location = 0) in vec4 mesh_position;
-)", R"(
-void main() {
-    gl_Position = vec4(
-            mesh_position.xy * (params.scaleMinusOne.xy + 1.0) + params.offset.xy,
-            params.scaleMinusOne.z + 1.0,
-            1.0);
-#if defined(TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT)
-    // In Vulkan, clip space is Y-down. In OpenGL and Metal, clip space is Y-up.
-    gl_Position.y = -gl_Position.y;
-#endif
-})" };
-        }
-        case VertexShaderType::Textured: {
-            return ShaderText{
-                    R"(
-#version 450 core
-layout(location = 0) in vec4 mesh_position;
-layout(location = 0) out vec2 uv;
-)", R"(
-void main() {
-    gl_Position = vec4(mesh_position.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
-    uv = (mesh_position.xy * 0.5 + 0.5);
-#if defined(TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT)
-    // In Vulkan, clip space is Y-down. In OpenGL and Metal, clip space is Y-up.
-    gl_Position.y = -gl_Position.y;
-#endif
-})" };
-        }
-        default:
-            return std::nullopt;
-    }
-}
-
-std::optional<ShaderText> GetGlslFragmentShader(FragmentShaderType type) {
-    switch (type) {
-        case FragmentShaderType::White: {
-            return ShaderText{
-                    R"(
-#version 450 core
-precision mediump int; precision highp float;
-layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
-)", R"(
-void main() {
-    fragColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
-})" };
-        }
-        case FragmentShaderType::SolidColored: {
-            return ShaderText{
-                    R"(
-#version 450 core
-precision mediump int; precision highp float;
-layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
-)", R"(
-void main() {
-    fragColor = params.color;
-})" };
-        }
-        case FragmentShaderType::Textured: {
-            return ShaderText{
-                    R"(
-#version 450 core
-precision mediump int; precision highp float;
-layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
-layout(location = 0) in vec2 uv;
-)", R"(
-void main() {
-    fragColor = texture(test_tex, uv);
-})" };
-        }
-        default:
-            return std::nullopt;
-    }
-}
-
-std::optional<std::string> GetGlslUniform(ShaderUniformType type) {
-    switch (type) {
-        case ShaderUniformType::None: {
-            return "";
-        }
-        case ShaderUniformType::Simple: {
-            return R"(
-layout(binding = 0, set = 1) uniform Params {
-    highp vec4 color;
-    // Use scaleMinusOne instead of scale so that a 0 initialized value is a good default
-    highp vec4 scaleMinusOne;
-    highp vec4 offset;
-} params;
-)";
-        }
-        case ShaderUniformType::SimpleWithPadding: {
-            return R"(
-layout(binding = 0, set = 1) uniform Params {
-    highp vec4 padding[4];  // offset of 64 bytes
-
-    highp vec4 color;
-    // Use scaleMinusOne instead of scale so that a 0 initialized value is a good default
-    highp vec4 scaleMinusOne;
-    highp vec4 offset;
-} params;
-)";
-        }
-        case ShaderUniformType::Sampler: {
-            return R"(
-layout(location = 0, set = 1) uniform sampler2D test_tex;
-)";
-        }
-        default:
-            return std::nullopt;
-    }
-}
-
-std::vector<UniformConfig> GetUniformConfig(ShaderUniformType type) {
-    switch (type) {
-        case ShaderUniformType::None: {
-            return {};
-        }
-        case ShaderUniformType::Simple: {
-            return {{ "Params" }};
-        }
-        case ShaderUniformType::SimpleWithPadding: {
-            return {{ "Params" }};
-        }
-        case ShaderUniformType::Sampler: {
-            filament::SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo samplerInfo{
-                    "backend_test", "test_tex", 0,
-                    SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, SamplerFormat::FLOAT, Precision::HIGH, false };
-            return {{
-                            "test_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, samplerInfo
-                    }};
-        }
-        default:
-            abort();
-    }
-}
-
-ShaderLanguage getShaderLanguage(const Backend& backend) {
-    switch (backend) {
-        case Backend::METAL:
-            return ShaderLanguage::MSL;
-        case Backend::WEBGPU:
-            return ShaderLanguage::WGSL;
-        case Backend::VULKAN:
-        case Backend::NOOP:
-        case Backend::OPENGL:
-        default: {
-            return ShaderLanguage::GLSL;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace
-
-Shader SharedShaders::makeShader(filament::backend::DriverApi& api, Cleanup& cleanup,
-        ShaderRequest request) {
-    std::optional<ShaderText> vertex;
-    std::optional<ShaderText> fragment;
-    std::optional<std::string> uniform;
-    if (getShaderLanguage(BackendTest::sBackend) != ShaderLanguage::GLSL) {
-        // TODO: If any shaders need backend/shader language specific shaders rather than transpiled
-        // versions of the GLSL shader, check environment.
-    }
-    vertex = GetGlslVertexShader(request.mVertexType);
-    fragment = GetGlslFragmentShader(request.mFragmentType);
-    uniform = GetGlslUniform(request.mUniformType);
-    if (vertex.has_value() && fragment.has_value() && uniform.has_value()) {
-        return Shader(
-                api, cleanup, ShaderConfig{
-                        vertex->withUniform(*uniform), fragment->withUniform(*uniform),
-                        GetUniformConfig(request.mUniformType)}
-        );
-    }
-    abort();
-}
-
-std::string SharedShaders::getVertexShaderText(VertexShaderType vertex, ShaderUniformType uniform) {
-    std::optional<ShaderText> vertexText = GetGlslVertexShader(vertex);
-    std::optional<std::string> uniformText = GetGlslUniform(uniform);
-    if (!vertexText.has_value() || !uniformText.has_value()) {
-        abort();
-    }
-    return vertexText->withUniform(*uniformText);
-}
-
-std::string SharedShaders::getFragmentShaderText(FragmentShaderType fragment,
-        ShaderUniformType uniform) {
-    std::optional<ShaderText> fragmentText = GetGlslFragmentShader(fragment);
-    std::optional<std::string> uniformText = GetGlslUniform(uniform);
-    if (!fragmentText.has_value() || !uniformText.has_value()) {
-        abort();
-    }
-    return fragmentText->withUniform(*uniformText);
-}
-
-} // namespace test

filament/backend/test/SharedShaders.h

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef TNT_SHAREDSHADERS_H
-#define TNT_SHAREDSHADERS_H
-
-#include "Shader.h"
-#include "SharedShadersConstants.h"
-#include "Lifetimes.h"
-#include "PlatformRunner.h"
-
-namespace test {
-
-enum class ShaderLanguage : uint8_t {
-    GLSL,
-    MSL,
-    WGSL
-};
-
-struct ShaderRequest {
-    VertexShaderType mVertexType;
-    FragmentShaderType mFragmentType;
-    ShaderUniformType mUniformType;
-};
-
-class SharedShaders {
-public:
-    static Shader makeShader(filament::backend::DriverApi& api, Cleanup& cleanup,
-            ShaderRequest request);
-    static std::string getVertexShaderText(VertexShaderType vertex, ShaderUniformType uniform);
-    static std::string getFragmentShaderText(FragmentShaderType fragment,
-            ShaderUniformType uniform);
-};
-
-} // namespace test
-
-#endif //TNT_SHAREDSHADERS_H

filament/backend/test/SharedShadersConstants.h

@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef TNT_SHAREDSHADERSCONSTANTS_H
-#define TNT_SHAREDSHADERSCONSTANTS_H
-
-#include "math/mathfwd.h"
-
-enum class ShaderUniformType : uint8_t {
-    None,
-    Simple,
-    SimpleWithPadding,
-    Sampler,
-};
-
-struct SimpleMaterialParams {
-    filament::math::float4 color;
-    // 1.0 will be added to this value before use.
-    // The XY values are used to scale position inputs and the Z value is used to set the output
-    // position's Z value.
-    filament::math::float4 scaleMinusOne;
-    // Offset will be applied after scale
-    filament::math::float4 offset;
-};
-
-struct SimpleWithPaddingMaterialParams {
-    // The associated uniform structure in the shader will have 64 bytes of padding at the beginning
-    // So users of this struct will need to add 64 bytes to its size and offset all uniform writes.
-    filament::math::float4 color;
-    // 1.0 will be added to this value before use.
-    // The XY values are used to scale position inputs and the Z value is used to set the output
-    // position's Z value.
-    filament::math::float4 scaleMinusOne;
-    // Offset will be applied after scale
-    filament::math::float4 offset;
-};
-
-enum class VertexShaderType : uint8_t {
-    Noop,
-    Simple,
-    Textured
-};
-
-enum class FragmentShaderType : uint8_t {
-    White,
-    SolidColored,
-    Textured
-};
-
-#endif //TNT_SHAREDSHADERSCONSTANTS_H

filament/backend/test/Skip.cpp

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "Skip.h"
-
-#include <sstream>
-
-namespace test {
-
-SkipEnvironment::SkipEnvironment(test::Backend backend) : backend(backend) {}
-SkipEnvironment::SkipEnvironment(test::OperatingSystem os) : os(os) {}
-SkipEnvironment::SkipEnvironment(test::OperatingSystem os, test::Backend backend)
-    : backend(backend),
-      os(os) {}
-
-bool SkipEnvironment::matches() {
-    bool backendMatches = !backend.has_value() || *backend == BackendTest::sBackend;
-    bool osMatches = !os.has_value() || *os == BackendTest::sOperatingSystem;
-    bool isMobileMatches = !isMobile.has_value() || *isMobile == BackendTest::sIsMobilePlatform;
-    return backendMatches && osMatches && isMobileMatches;
-}
-
-std::string SkipEnvironment::describe() {
-    std::stringstream result;
-    if (matches()) {
-        result << "environment matches because " << describe_actual_environment() << ".";
-    } else {
-        result << "environment does not match because " << describe_requirements() << " but "
-               << describe_actual_environment() << ".";
-    }
-    return result.str();
-}
-
-std::string SkipEnvironment::describe_actual_environment() {
-    bool resultWritten = false;
-    std::stringstream reality;
-    if (backend.has_value()) {
-        reality << "backend was " << utils::to_string(BackendTest::sBackend).c_str();
-        resultWritten = true;
-    }
-    if (os.has_value()) {
-        if (resultWritten) {
-            reality << ", and ";
-        }
-        reality << "operating system was "
-                << utils::to_string(BackendTest::sOperatingSystem).c_str();
-        resultWritten = true;
-    }
-    if (isMobile.has_value()) {
-        if (resultWritten) {
-            reality << ", and ";
-        }
-        reality << "device " << (BackendTest::sIsMobilePlatform ? "was" : "was not") << " mobile";
-        resultWritten = true;
-    }
-    return reality.str();
-}
-
-std::string SkipEnvironment::describe_requirements() {
-    bool resultWritten = false;
-    std::stringstream requirement;
-    if (backend.has_value()) {
-        requirement << "backend needs to be " << utils::to_string(*backend).c_str();
-        resultWritten = true;
-    }
-    if (os.has_value()) {
-        if (resultWritten) {
-            requirement << ", and ";
-        }
-        requirement << "operating system needs to be " << utils::to_string(*os).c_str();
-        resultWritten = true;
-    }
-    if (isMobile.has_value() && BackendTest::sIsMobilePlatform != isMobile) {
-        if (resultWritten) {
-            requirement << ", and ";
-        }
-        requirement << "device needs to " << (*isMobile ? "be" : "not be") << " mobile";
-        resultWritten = true;
-    }
-    return requirement.str();
-}
-
-} // namespace test

filament/backend/test/Skip.h

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef TNT_SKIP_H
-#define TNT_SKIP_H
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include "BackendTest.h"
-
-// skipEnvironment must be a test::SkipEnvironment
-#define SKIP_IF(skipEnvironment)                                                                   \
-do {                                                                                               \
-    SkipEnvironment skip(skipEnvironment);                                                         \
-    if (skip.matches()) {                                                                          \
-        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping test as the " << skip.describe();                                \
-    }                                                                                              \
-} while (false)
-
-namespace test {
-
-struct SkipEnvironment {
-    SkipEnvironment(const SkipEnvironment&) = default;
-    explicit SkipEnvironment(test::Backend backend);
-    explicit SkipEnvironment(test::OperatingSystem os);
-    SkipEnvironment(test::OperatingSystem os, test::Backend backend);
-
-    std::optional<test::Backend> backend;
-    std::optional<test::OperatingSystem> os;
-    std::optional<bool> isMobile;
-
-    bool matches();
-    // Describes the current state of either matching or mismatching.
-    std::string describe();
-    // Describe all the non-null requirements.
-    std::string describe_requirements();
-    // Describes the environment's status for all the attributes that are non-null.
-    std::string describe_actual_environment();
-};
-
-} // namespace test
-
-#endif// TNT_SKIP_H

filament/backend/test/linux_runner.cpp

@@ -51,6 +51,6 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
         return 1;
     }
 
-    test::initTests(backend, test::OperatingSystem::LINUX, false, argc, argv);
+    test::initTests(backend, false, argc, argv);
     return test::runTests();
 }

filament/backend/test/mac_runner.mm

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ test::NativeView getNativeView() {
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
     auto backend = test::parseArgumentsForBackend(argc, argv);
-    test::initTests(backend, test::OperatingSystem::APPLE, false, argc, argv);
+    test::initTests(backend, false, argc, argv);
     AppDelegate* delegate = [AppDelegate new];
     delegate.backend = backend;
     NSApplication* app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];

filament/backend/test/test_Blit.cpp

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include "ImageExpectations.h"
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
 #include "Shader.h"
-#include "SharedShaders.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 #include <utils/Hash.h>
@@ -41,14 +40,48 @@ using namespace filament::backend;
 using namespace filament::math;
 using namespace utils;
 
+struct MaterialParams {
+    float4 color;
+    float4 scale;
+};
+
 class BlitTest : public BackendTest {
 public:
     BlitTest() : mCleanup(getDriverApi()) {}
 
 protected:
+    Shader createShader();
+
     Cleanup mCleanup;
 };
 
+static const char* const triangleVs = R"(#version 450 core
+layout(location = 0) in vec4 mesh_position;
+layout(binding = 0, set = 1) uniform Params { highp vec4 color; highp vec4 scale; } params;
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = vec4((mesh_position.xy + 0.5) * params.scale.xy, params.scale.z, 1.0);
+#if defined(TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT)
+    // In Vulkan, clip space is Y-down. In OpenGL and Metal, clip space is Y-up.
+    gl_Position.y = -gl_Position.y;
+#endif
+})";
+
+static const char* const triangleFs = R"(#version 450 core
+precision mediump int; precision highp float;
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
+layout(binding = 0, set = 1) uniform Params { highp vec4 color; highp vec4 scale; } params;
+void main() {
+    fragColor = params.color;
+})";
+
+Shader BlitTest::createShader() {
+    return Shader(getDriverApi(), mCleanup, ShaderConfig{
+            .vertexShader = triangleVs,
+            .fragmentShader = triangleFs,
+            .uniformNames = { "Params" },
+    });
+}
+
 static uint32_t toUintColor(float4 color) {
     color = saturate(color);
     uint32_t r = color.r * 255.0f;
@@ -280,11 +313,7 @@ TEST_F(BlitTest, ColorResolve) {
     constexpr auto kColorTexFormat = TextureFormat::RGBA8;
     constexpr int kSampleCount = 4;
 
-    Shader shader = SharedShaders::makeShader(api, mCleanup, ShaderRequest{
+    Shader shader = createShader();
-            .mVertexType = VertexShaderType::Simple,
-            .mFragmentType = FragmentShaderType::SolidColored,
-            .mUniformType = ShaderUniformType::Simple,
-    });
 
     // Create a VertexBuffer, IndexBuffer, and RenderPrimitive.
     TrianglePrimitive const triangle(api);
@@ -327,15 +356,14 @@ TEST_F(BlitTest, ColorResolve) {
     state.rasterState.depthFunc = RasterState::DepthFunc::A;
     state.rasterState.culling = CullingMode::NONE;
 
-    auto ubuffer = mCleanup.add(api.createBufferObject(sizeof(SimpleMaterialParams),
+    auto ubuffer = mCleanup.add(api.createBufferObject(sizeof(MaterialParams),
             BufferObjectBinding::UNIFORM, BufferUsage::STATIC));
     // Draw red triangle into srcRenderTarget.
-    shader.uploadUniform(api, ubuffer, SimpleMaterialParams{
+    shader.uploadUniform(api, ubuffer, MaterialParams{
             .color = float4(1, 0, 0, 1),
-        .scaleMinusOne = float4(0, 0, -0.5, 0),
+            .scale = float4(1, 1, 0.5, 0),
-        .offset = float4(0.5, 0.5, 0, 0),
     });
-    shader.bindUniform<SimpleMaterialParams>(api, ubuffer);
+    shader.bindUniform<MaterialParams>(api, ubuffer);
 
     // FIXME: on Metal this triangle is not drawn. Can't understand why.
     {

filament/backend/test/test_BufferUpdates.cpp

@@ -18,18 +18,72 @@
 
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
 #include "Shader.h"
-#include "SharedShaders.h"
+#include "ShaderGenerator.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
+namespace {
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Shaders
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+std::string vertex (R"(#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec4 mesh_position;
+
+layout(location = 0) out uvec4 indices;
+
+layout(binding = 0, set = 1) uniform Params {
+    highp vec4 padding[4];  // offset of 64 bytes
+
+    highp vec4 color;
+    highp vec4 offset;
+} params;
+
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = vec4(mesh_position.xy + params.offset.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
+#if defined(TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT)
+    // In Vulkan, clip space is Y-down. In OpenGL and Metal, clip space is Y-up.
+    gl_Position.y = -gl_Position.y;
+#endif
+}
+)");
+
+std::string fragment (R"(#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
+
+layout(binding = 0, set = 1) uniform Params {
+    highp vec4 padding[4];  // offset of 64 bytes
+
+    highp vec4 color;
+    highp vec4 offset;
+} params;
+
+void main() {
+    fragColor = vec4(params.color.rgb, 1.0f);
+}
+
+)");
+
+}
+
 namespace test {
 
 using namespace filament;
 using namespace filament::backend;
 
+// In the shader, these MaterialParams are offset by 64 bytes into the uniform buffer to test buffer
+// updates with offset.
+struct MaterialParams {
+    math::float4 color;
+    math::float4 offset;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(MaterialParams) == 8 * sizeof(float));
 // Uniform config for writing MaterialParams to the shader uniform with 64 bytes of padding.
 const UniformBindingConfig kBindingConfig = {
-        .dataSize = sizeof(SimpleMaterialParams),
+        .dataSize = sizeof(MaterialParams),
-        .bufferSize = sizeof(SimpleMaterialParams) + 64,
+        .bufferSize = sizeof(MaterialParams) + 64,
         .byteOffset = 64
 };
 
@@ -39,10 +93,8 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     Shader createShader() {
-        return SharedShaders::makeShader(getDriverApi(), mCleanup, ShaderRequest{
+        return Shader(getDriverApi(), mCleanup, ShaderConfig{
-                .mVertexType = VertexShaderType::Simple,
+           vertex, fragment, {"Params"}
-                .mFragmentType = FragmentShaderType::SolidColored,
-                .mUniformType = ShaderUniformType::SimpleWithPadding
         });
     }
 
@@ -77,7 +129,7 @@ TEST_F(BufferUpdatesTest, VertexBufferUpdate) {
         RenderPassParams params = {};
         fullViewport(params);
         params.flags.clear = TargetBufferFlags::COLOR;
-        params.clearColor = { 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f };
+        params.clearColor = {0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f};
         params.flags.discardStart = TargetBufferFlags::ALL;
         params.flags.discardEnd = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
 
@@ -92,18 +144,17 @@ TEST_F(BufferUpdatesTest, VertexBufferUpdate) {
         // Create a uniform buffer.
         // We use STATIC here, even though the buffer is updated, to force the Metal backend to use
         // a GPU buffer, which is more interesting to test.
-        auto ubuffer = cleanup.add(api.createBufferObject(sizeof(SimpleMaterialParams) + 64,
+        auto ubuffer = cleanup.add(api.createBufferObject(sizeof(MaterialParams) + 64,
                 BufferObjectBinding::UNIFORM, BufferUsage::STATIC));
 
-        shader.bindUniform<SimpleMaterialParams>(api, ubuffer, kBindingConfig);
+        shader.bindUniform<MaterialParams>(api, ubuffer, kBindingConfig);
 
         api.startCapture(0);
 
         // Upload the uniform, but with an offset to accommodate the padding in the shader's
         // uniform definition.
-        shader.uploadUniform(api, ubuffer, kBindingConfig, SimpleMaterialParams{
+        shader.uploadUniform(api, ubuffer, kBindingConfig, MaterialParams{
                 .color = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
-                .scaleMinusOne = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 },
                 .offset = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f }
         });
 
@@ -114,21 +165,19 @@ TEST_F(BufferUpdatesTest, VertexBufferUpdate) {
         size_t triangleIndex = 0;
         for (float i = -1.0f; i < 1.0f; i += 0.2f) {
             const float low = i, high = i + 0.2;
-            const filament::math::float2 v[3]{{ low,  low },
+            const filament::math::float2 v[3] {{low, low}, {high, low}, {low, high}};
-                                              { high, low },
-                                              { low,  high }};
             triangle.updateVertices(v);
 
             if (updateIndices) {
                 if (triangleIndex % 2 == 0) {
                     // Upload each index separately, to test offsets.
-                    const TrianglePrimitive::index_type i[3]{ 0, 1, 2 };
+                    const TrianglePrimitive::index_type i[3] {0, 1, 2};
                     triangle.updateIndices(i + 0, 1, 0);
                     triangle.updateIndices(i + 1, 1, 1);
                     triangle.updateIndices(i + 2, 1, 2);
                 } else {
                     // This effectively hides this triangle.
-                    const TrianglePrimitive::index_type i[3]{ 0, 0, 0 };
+                    const TrianglePrimitive::index_type i[3] {0, 0, 0};
                     triangle.updateIndices(i);
                 }
             }
@@ -171,29 +220,28 @@ TEST_F(BufferUpdatesTest, BufferObjectUpdateWithOffset) {
     // Create a uniform buffer.
     // We use STATIC here, even though the buffer is updated, to force the Metal backend to use a
     // GPU buffer, which is more interesting to test.
-    auto ubuffer = cleanup.add(api.createBufferObject(sizeof(SimpleMaterialParams) + 64,
+    auto ubuffer = cleanup.add(api.createBufferObject(sizeof(MaterialParams) + 64,
             BufferObjectBinding::UNIFORM, BufferUsage::STATIC));
 
-    shader.bindUniform<SimpleMaterialParams>(api, ubuffer, kBindingConfig);
+    shader.bindUniform<MaterialParams>(api, ubuffer, kBindingConfig);
 
     // Create a render target.
     auto colorTexture = cleanup.add(api.createTexture(SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, 1,
             TextureFormat::RGBA8, 1, 512, 512, 1, TextureUsage::COLOR_ATTACHMENT));
     auto renderTarget = cleanup.add(api.createRenderTarget(
-            TargetBufferFlags::COLOR0, 512, 512, 1, 0, {{ colorTexture }}, {}, {}));
+            TargetBufferFlags::COLOR0, 512, 512, 1, 0, {{colorTexture}}, {}, {}));
 
     // Upload uniforms for the first triangle.
     // Upload the uniform, but with an offset to accommodate the padding in the shader's
     // uniform definition.
-    shader.uploadUniform(api, ubuffer, kBindingConfig, SimpleMaterialParams{
+    shader.uploadUniform(api, ubuffer, kBindingConfig, MaterialParams{
             .color = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f },
-            .scaleMinusOne = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },
             .offset = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f }
     });
 
     RenderPassParams params = {};
     params.flags.clear = TargetBufferFlags::COLOR;
-    params.clearColor = { 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f };
+    params.clearColor = {0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f};
     params.flags.discardStart = TargetBufferFlags::ALL;
     params.flags.discardEnd = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
     params.viewport.height = 512;
@@ -202,18 +250,18 @@ TEST_F(BufferUpdatesTest, BufferObjectUpdateWithOffset) {
             renderTarget, swapChain, shader.getProgram(), params);
 
     // Upload uniforms for the second triangle. To test partial buffer updates, we'll only update
-    // color.b, color.a, scaleMinusOne, offset.x, and offset.y.
+    // color.b, color.a, offset.x, and offset.y.
-    const UniformBindingConfig partialBindingConfig = {
+    shader.uploadUniform(api, ubuffer, UniformBindingConfig{
-            .dataSize = sizeof(float) * 8,
+                    .dataSize = sizeof(std::array<float, 4>),
-            .bufferSize = sizeof(SimpleMaterialParams) + 64,
+                    .bufferSize = kBindingConfig.bufferSize,
-            .byteOffset = 64 + offsetof(SimpleMaterialParams, color.b)
+                    .byteOffset = *kBindingConfig.byteOffset + offsetof(MaterialParams, color.b),
-    };
+            },
-    shader.uploadUniform(api, ubuffer, partialBindingConfig,
+            std::array<float, 4>{
-            std::array<float, 8>{
+                    // color.b, color.a
-                    1.0f, 1.0f, // color.b, color.a
+                    1.0f, 1.0f,
-                    0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // scale
+                    // offset.x, offset.y
-                    0.5f, 0.5f // offset.x, offset.y
+                    0.5f, 0.5f }
-            });
+    );
 
     params.flags.clear = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
     params.flags.discardStart = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;

filament/backend/test/test_Callbacks.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include "BackendTest.h"
 
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
-#include "Skip.h"
 
 using namespace filament;
 using namespace filament::backend;
@@ -25,8 +24,6 @@ using namespace filament::backend;
 namespace test {
 
 TEST_F(BackendTest, FrameScheduledCallback) {
-    SKIP_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::OPENGL));
-
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
     Cleanup cleanup(api);
 
@@ -84,8 +81,6 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, FrameScheduledCallback) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(BackendTest, FrameCompletedCallback) {
-    SKIP_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::OPENGL));
-
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
     Cleanup cleanup(api);
 

filament/backend/test/test_FeedbackLoops.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #include "BackendTest.h"
 
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
-#include "Shader.h"
+#include "ShaderGenerator.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
@@ -96,6 +96,16 @@ struct MaterialParams {
     float unused;
 };
 
+static void uploadUniforms(DriverApi& dapi, Handle<HwBufferObject> ubh, MaterialParams params) {
+    MaterialParams* tmp = new MaterialParams(params);
+    auto cb = [](void* buffer, size_t size, void* user) {
+        MaterialParams* sp = (MaterialParams*) buffer;
+        delete sp;
+    };
+    BufferDescriptor bd(tmp, sizeof(MaterialParams), cb);
+    dapi.updateBufferObject(ubh, std::move(bd), 0);
+}
+
 static void dumpScreenshot(DriverApi& dapi, Handle<HwRenderTarget> rt) {
     const size_t size = kTexWidth * kTexHeight * 4;
     void* buffer = calloc(1, size);
@@ -130,13 +140,38 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, FeedbackLoops) {
         api.makeCurrent(swapChain, swapChain);
 
         // Create a program.
+        ProgramHandle program;
+        {
             filament::SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo samplerInfo { "test", "tex", 0,
                 SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, SamplerFormat::FLOAT, Precision::HIGH, false };
-        Shader shader = Shader(api, cleanup, ShaderConfig {
+            filamat::DescriptorSets descriptors;
-            .vertexShader = fullscreenVs,
+            descriptors[1] = {
-            .fragmentShader = fullscreenFs,
+                { "test_tex", { DescriptorType::SAMPLER, ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT, 0 },
-            .uniforms = {{"test_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, samplerInfo}, {"Params"}}
+                        samplerInfo },
+                { "Params", { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT, 1 }, {} }
+            };
+            ShaderGenerator shaderGen(fullscreenVs, fullscreenFs, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform,
+                    std::move(descriptors));
+            Program prog = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
+            prog.descriptorBindings(1, {
+                    { "test_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, 0 },
+                    { "Params", DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1 }
             });
+            program = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(prog)));
+        }
+
+        DescriptorSetLayoutHandle descriptorSetLayout = cleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSetLayout({
+                {{
+                         DescriptorType::SAMPLER,
+                         ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS, 0,
+                         DescriptorFlags::NONE, 0
+                 },
+                 {
+                         DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+                         ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS, 1,
+                         DescriptorFlags::NONE, 0
+                 }}}));
+
 
         TrianglePrimitive const triangle(getDriverApi());
 
@@ -183,8 +218,8 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, FeedbackLoops) {
             state.rasterState.colorWrite = true;
             state.rasterState.depthWrite = false;
             state.rasterState.depthFunc = RasterState::DepthFunc::A;
-            state.program = shader.getProgram();
+            state.program = program;
-            state.pipelineLayout.setLayout[1] = { shader.getDescriptorSetLayout() };
+            state.pipelineLayout.setLayout[1] = { descriptorSetLayout };
 
             api.makeCurrent(swapChain, swapChain);
             api.beginFrame(0, 0, 0);
@@ -198,24 +233,20 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, FeedbackLoops) {
                 params.viewport.width = kTexWidth >> targetLevel;
                 params.viewport.height = kTexHeight >> targetLevel;
 
-                auto descriptorSet = shader.createDescriptorSet(api);
                 auto textureView = passCleanup.add(api.createTextureView(texture, sourceLevel, 1));
+                DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet = passCleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSet(descriptorSetLayout));
                 api.updateDescriptorSetTexture(descriptorSet, 0, textureView, {
                         .filterMag = SamplerMagFilter::LINEAR,
                         .filterMin = SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST
                 });
+                api.updateDescriptorSetBuffer(descriptorSet, 1, ubuffer, 0, sizeof(MaterialParams));
+                api.bindDescriptorSet(descriptorSet, 1, {});
 
-                UniformBindingConfig uniformBinding{
+                uploadUniforms(getDriverApi(), ubuffer, {
-                    .binding = 1,
-                    .descriptorSet = descriptorSet
-                };
-                shader.bindUniform<MaterialParams>(api, ubuffer, uniformBinding);
-                shader.uploadUniform(api, ubuffer, uniformBinding, MaterialParams{
                     .fbWidth = float(params.viewport.width),
                     .fbHeight = float(params.viewport.height),
                     .sourceLevel = float(sourceLevel),
                 });
-
                 api.beginRenderPass(renderTargets[targetLevel], params);
                 api.draw(state, triangle.getRenderPrimitive(), 0, 3, 1);
                 api.endRenderPass();
@@ -231,24 +262,20 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, FeedbackLoops) {
                 params.viewport.width = kTexWidth >> targetLevel;
                 params.viewport.height = kTexHeight >> targetLevel;
 
-                auto descriptorSet = shader.createDescriptorSet(api);
                 auto textureView = passCleanup.add(api.createTextureView(texture, sourceLevel, 1));
+                DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet = passCleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSet(descriptorSetLayout));
                 api.updateDescriptorSetTexture(descriptorSet, 0, textureView, {
                         .filterMag = SamplerMagFilter::LINEAR,
                         .filterMin = SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST
                 });
+                api.updateDescriptorSetBuffer(descriptorSet, 1, ubuffer, 0, sizeof(MaterialParams));
+                api.bindDescriptorSet(descriptorSet, 1, {});
 
-                UniformBindingConfig uniformBinding{
+                uploadUniforms(getDriverApi(), ubuffer, {
-                        .binding = 1,
-                        .descriptorSet = descriptorSet
-                };
-                shader.bindUniform<MaterialParams>(api, ubuffer, uniformBinding);
-                shader.uploadUniform(api, ubuffer, uniformBinding, MaterialParams{
                     .fbWidth = float(params.viewport.width),
                     .fbHeight = float(params.viewport.height),
                     .sourceLevel = float(sourceLevel),
                 });
-
                 api.beginRenderPass(renderTargets[targetLevel], params);
                 api.draw(state, triangle.getRenderPrimitive(), 0, 3, 1);
                 api.endRenderPass();

filament/backend/test/test_LoadImage.cpp

@@ -18,14 +18,16 @@
 
 #include "BackendTestUtils.h"
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
-#include "Shader.h"
+#include "ShaderGenerator.h"
-#include "SharedShaders.h"
+#include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
 #include <backend/Handle.h>
 
 #include "private/filament/SamplerInterfaceBlock.h"
 
+#include <math/half.h>
+
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <stddef.h>
@@ -40,6 +42,19 @@ namespace {
 // Shaders
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
+std::string vertex (R"(#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec4 mesh_position;
+
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = vec4(mesh_position.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
+#if defined(TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT)
+    // In Vulkan, clip space is Y-down. In OpenGL and Metal, clip space is Y-up.
+    gl_Position.y *= -1.0f;
+#endif
+}
+)");
+
 std::string fragmentTemplate (R"(#version 450 core
 
 layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
@@ -104,15 +119,6 @@ namespace test {
 
 template<typename componentType> inline componentType getMaxValue();
 
-class LoadImageTest : public BackendTest {
-public:
-    LoadImageTest() {
-        mVertexShader = SharedShaders::getVertexShaderText(VertexShaderType::Noop,
-                ShaderUniformType::None);
-    }
-
-    std::string mVertexShader;
-};
 
 
 inline std::string stringReplace(const std::string& find, const std::string& replace,
@@ -210,7 +216,7 @@ static SamplerFormat getSamplerFormat(TextureFormat textureFormat) {
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImage2D) {
+TEST_F(BackendTest, UpdateImage2D) {
 
     // All of these test cases should result in the same rendered image, and thus the same hash.
     static const uint32_t expectedHash = 3644679986;
@@ -300,14 +306,28 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImage2D) {
         // Create a program.
         filament::SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo samplerInfo { "test", "tex", 0,
             SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, getSamplerFormat(t.textureFormat), Precision::HIGH, false };
+        filamat::DescriptorSets descriptors;
+        descriptors[1] = { { "test_tex", { DescriptorType::SAMPLER, ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT, 0 },
+                samplerInfo } };
 
         std::string const fragment = stringReplace("{samplerType}",
                 getSamplerTypeName(t.textureFormat), fragmentTemplate);
-        Shader shader(api, cleanup, ShaderConfig{
+        ShaderGenerator shaderGen(
-           .vertexShader = mVertexShader,
+                vertex, fragment, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform, std::move(descriptors));
-           .fragmentShader= fragment,
+
-           .uniforms = {{"test_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, samplerInfo}}
+        Program prog = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
-        });
+        prog.descriptorBindings(1, {{"test_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, 0}});
+
+        ProgramHandle const program = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(prog)));
+
+        DescriptorSetLayoutHandle descriptorSetLayout = cleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSetLayout({
+                {{
+                         DescriptorType::SAMPLER,
+                         ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS, 0,
+                         DescriptorFlags::NONE, 0
+                 }}}));
+
+        DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet = cleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSet(descriptorSetLayout));
 
         // Create a Texture.
         auto usage = TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE | TextureUsage::UPLOADABLE;
@@ -329,15 +349,14 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImage2D) {
                     checkerboardPixelBuffer(t.pixelFormat, t.pixelType, 512, t.bufferPadding));
         }
 
-        DescriptorSetHandle  descriptorSet = shader.createDescriptorSet(api);
         api.updateDescriptorSetTexture(descriptorSet, 0, texture, {
                 .filterMag = SamplerMagFilter::NEAREST,
                 .filterMin = SamplerMinFilter::NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST });
 
         api.bindDescriptorSet(descriptorSet, 1, {});
 
-        renderTriangle({{ DescriptorSetLayoutHandle{}, shader.getDescriptorSetLayout() }},
+        renderTriangle({{ DescriptorSetLayoutHandle{}, descriptorSetLayout }},
-                defaultRenderTarget, swapChain, shader.getProgram());
+                defaultRenderTarget, swapChain, program);
 
         readPixelsAndAssertHash(t.name, 512, 512, defaultRenderTarget, expectedHash);
 
@@ -351,9 +370,8 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImage2D) {
     flushAndWait();
 }
 
-TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImageSRGB) {
+TEST_F(BackendTest, UpdateImageSRGB) {
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
-    Cleanup cleanup(api);
     api.startCapture();
 
     PixelDataFormat const pixelFormat = PixelDataFormat::RGBA;
@@ -361,23 +379,36 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImageSRGB) {
     TextureFormat const textureFormat = TextureFormat::SRGB8_A8;
 
     // Create a platform-specific SwapChain and make it current.
-    auto swapChain = cleanup.add(createSwapChain());
+    auto swapChain = createSwapChain();
     api.makeCurrent(swapChain, swapChain);
-    auto defaultRenderTarget = cleanup.add(api.createDefaultRenderTarget(0));
+    auto defaultRenderTarget = api.createDefaultRenderTarget(0);
 
     // Create a program.
     filament::SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo samplerInfo { "test", "tex", 0,
         SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, getSamplerFormat(textureFormat), Precision::HIGH, false };
+    filamat::DescriptorSets descriptors;
+    descriptors[1] = { { "test_tex", { DescriptorType::SAMPLER, ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT, 0 },
+            samplerInfo } };
+
     std::string const fragment = stringReplace("{samplerType}",
             getSamplerTypeName(textureFormat), fragmentTemplate);
-    Shader shader(api, cleanup, ShaderConfig{
+    ShaderGenerator shaderGen(
-        .vertexShader = mVertexShader, .fragmentShader = fragment, .uniforms = {{
+            vertex, fragment, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform, std::move(descriptors));
-            "text_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, samplerInfo
+    Program prog = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
+    prog.descriptorBindings(1, {{"test_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, 0}});
+    ProgramHandle const program = api.createProgram(std::move(prog));
+    DescriptorSetLayoutHandle descriptorSetLayout = api.createDescriptorSetLayout({
+            {{
+                     DescriptorType::SAMPLER,
+                     ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS, 0,
+                     DescriptorFlags::NONE, 0
              }}});
 
+    DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet = api.createDescriptorSet(descriptorSetLayout);
+
     // Create a texture.
-    Handle<HwTexture> const texture = cleanup.add(api.createTexture(SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, 1,
+    Handle<HwTexture> const texture = api.createTexture(SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, 1,
-            textureFormat, 1, 512, 512, 1, TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE | TextureUsage::UPLOADABLE));
+            textureFormat, 1, 512, 512, 1, TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE | TextureUsage::UPLOADABLE);
 
     // Create image data.
     size_t components; int bpp;
@@ -405,7 +436,6 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImageSRGB) {
     api.beginFrame(0, 0, 0);
 
     // Update samplers.
-    DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet = shader.createDescriptorSet(api);
     api.updateDescriptorSetTexture(descriptorSet, 0, texture, {
             .filterMag = SamplerMagFilter::LINEAR,
             .filterMin = SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST
@@ -413,8 +443,8 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImageSRGB) {
 
     api.bindDescriptorSet(descriptorSet, 1, {});
 
-    renderTriangle({{ DescriptorSetLayoutHandle{}, shader.getDescriptorSetLayout() }},
+    renderTriangle({{ DescriptorSetLayoutHandle{}, descriptorSetLayout }},
-            defaultRenderTarget, swapChain, shader.getProgram());
+            defaultRenderTarget, swapChain, program);
 
     static const uint32_t expectedHash = 359858623;
     readPixelsAndAssertHash("UpdateImageSRGB", 512, 512, defaultRenderTarget, expectedHash);
@@ -423,14 +453,21 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImageSRGB) {
     api.commit(swapChain);
     api.endFrame(0);
 
+    api.destroyDescriptorSet(descriptorSet);
+    api.destroyDescriptorSetLayout(descriptorSetLayout);
+    api.destroyProgram(program);
+    api.destroySwapChain(swapChain);
+    api.destroyRenderTarget(defaultRenderTarget);
+
     // This ensures all driver commands have finished before exiting the test.
     api.finish();
     api.stopCapture();
+
+    flushAndWait();
 }
 
-TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImageMipLevel) {
+TEST_F(BackendTest, UpdateImageMipLevel) {
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
-    Cleanup cleanup(api);
     api.startCapture();
 
     PixelDataFormat pixelFormat = PixelDataFormat::RGBA;
@@ -438,27 +475,38 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImageMipLevel) {
     TextureFormat textureFormat = TextureFormat::RGBA32F;
 
     // Create a platform-specific SwapChain and make it current.
-    auto swapChain = cleanup.add(createSwapChain());
+    auto swapChain = createSwapChain();
     api.makeCurrent(swapChain, swapChain);
-    auto defaultRenderTarget = cleanup.add(api.createDefaultRenderTarget(0));
+    auto defaultRenderTarget = api.createDefaultRenderTarget(0);
 
     // Create a program.
     filament::SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo samplerInfo { "test", "tex", 0,
         SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, getSamplerFormat(textureFormat), Precision::HIGH, false };
+    filamat::DescriptorSets descriptors;
+    descriptors[1] = { { "test_tex", { DescriptorType::SAMPLER, ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT, 0 },
+            samplerInfo } };
     std::string const fragment = stringReplace("{samplerType}",
             getSamplerTypeName(textureFormat), fragmentUpdateImageMip);
-    Shader shader(api, cleanup, ShaderConfig {
+    ShaderGenerator shaderGen(
-        .vertexShader = mVertexShader,
+            vertex, fragment, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform, std::move(descriptors));
-        .fragmentShader = fragment,
+    Program prog = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
-        .uniforms = {{"test_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, samplerInfo}}
+    prog.descriptorBindings(1, {{"test_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, 0}});
-    });
+    ProgramHandle const program = api.createProgram(std::move(prog));
+    DescriptorSetLayoutHandle descriptorSetLayout = api.createDescriptorSetLayout({
+            {{
+                     DescriptorType::SAMPLER,
+                     ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS, 0,
+                     DescriptorFlags::NONE, 0
+             }}});
+
+    DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet = api.createDescriptorSet(descriptorSetLayout);
 
     // Create a texture with 3 mip levels.
     // Base level: 1024
     // Level 1:     512     <-- upload data and sample from this level
     // Level 2:     256
-    Handle<HwTexture> texture = cleanup.add(api.createTexture(SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, 3,
+    Handle<HwTexture> texture = api.createTexture(SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, 3,
-            textureFormat, 1, 1024, 1024, 1, TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE | TextureUsage::UPLOADABLE));
+            textureFormat, 1, 1024, 1024, 1, TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE | TextureUsage::UPLOADABLE);
 
     // Create image data.
     PixelBufferDescriptor descriptor = checkerboardPixelBuffer(pixelFormat, pixelType, 512);
@@ -467,7 +515,6 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImageMipLevel) {
     api.beginFrame(0, 0, 0);
 
     // Update samplers.
-    DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet = shader.createDescriptorSet(api);
     api.updateDescriptorSetTexture(descriptorSet, 0, texture, {
             .filterMag = SamplerMagFilter::LINEAR,
             .filterMin = SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST
@@ -475,8 +522,8 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImageMipLevel) {
 
     api.bindDescriptorSet(descriptorSet, 1, {});
 
-    renderTriangle({{ DescriptorSetLayoutHandle{}, shader.getDescriptorSetLayout() }},
+    renderTriangle({{ DescriptorSetLayoutHandle{}, descriptorSetLayout }},
-            defaultRenderTarget, swapChain, shader.getProgram());
+            defaultRenderTarget, swapChain, program);
 
     static const uint32_t expectedHash = 3644679986;
     readPixelsAndAssertHash("UpdateImageMipLevel", 512, 512, defaultRenderTarget, expectedHash);
@@ -485,14 +532,21 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImageMipLevel) {
     api.commit(swapChain);
     api.endFrame(0);
 
+    api.destroyDescriptorSet(descriptorSet);
+    api.destroyDescriptorSetLayout(descriptorSetLayout);
+    api.destroyProgram(program);
+    api.destroySwapChain(swapChain);
+    api.destroyRenderTarget(defaultRenderTarget);
+
     // This ensures all driver commands have finished before exiting the test.
     api.finish();
     api.stopCapture();
+
+    flushAndWait();
 }
 
-TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImage3D) {
+TEST_F(BackendTest, UpdateImage3D) {
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
-    Cleanup cleanup(api);
     api.startCapture();
 
     PixelDataFormat pixelFormat = PixelDataFormat::RGBA;
@@ -502,24 +556,35 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImage3D) {
     TextureUsage usage = TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE | TextureUsage::UPLOADABLE;
 
     // Create a platform-specific SwapChain and make it current.
-    auto swapChain = cleanup.add(createSwapChain());
+    auto swapChain = createSwapChain();
     api.makeCurrent(swapChain, swapChain);
-    auto defaultRenderTarget = cleanup.add(api.createDefaultRenderTarget(0));
+    auto defaultRenderTarget = api.createDefaultRenderTarget(0);
 
     // Create a program.
     filament::SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo samplerInfo { "test", "tex", 0,
         SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D_ARRAY, getSamplerFormat(textureFormat), Precision::HIGH, false };
+    filamat::DescriptorSets descriptors;
+    descriptors[1] = { { "test_tex", { DescriptorType::SAMPLER, ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT, 0 },
+            samplerInfo } };
     std::string fragment = stringReplace("{samplerType}",
             getSamplerTypeName(samplerType), fragmentUpdateImage3DTemplate);
-    Shader shader(api, cleanup, ShaderConfig {
+    ShaderGenerator shaderGen(
-        .vertexShader = mVertexShader,
+            vertex, fragment, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform, std::move(descriptors));
-        .fragmentShader = fragment,
+    Program prog = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
-        .uniforms = {{"test_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, samplerInfo}}
+    prog.descriptorBindings(1, {{ "test_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, 0 }});
-    });
+    ProgramHandle const program = api.createProgram(std::move(prog));
+    DescriptorSetLayoutHandle descriptorSetLayout = api.createDescriptorSetLayout({
+            {{
+                     DescriptorType::SAMPLER,
+                     ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS, 0,
+                     DescriptorFlags::NONE, 0
+             }}});
+
+    DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet = api.createDescriptorSet(descriptorSetLayout);
 
     // Create a texture.
-    Handle<HwTexture> texture = cleanup.add(api.createTexture(samplerType, 1,
+    Handle<HwTexture> texture = api.createTexture(samplerType, 1,
-            textureFormat, 1, 512, 512, 4, usage));
+            textureFormat, 1, 512, 512, 4, usage);
 
     // Create image data for all 4 layers.
     size_t components; int bpp;
@@ -541,7 +606,6 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImage3D) {
     api.beginFrame(0, 0, 0);
 
     // Update samplers.
-    DescriptorSetHandle  descriptorSet = shader.createDescriptorSet(api);
     api.updateDescriptorSetTexture(descriptorSet, 0, texture, {
             .filterMag = SamplerMagFilter::LINEAR,
             .filterMin = SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST
@@ -549,8 +613,8 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImage3D) {
 
     api.bindDescriptorSet(descriptorSet, 1, {});
 
-    renderTriangle({{ DescriptorSetLayoutHandle{}, shader.getDescriptorSetLayout() }},
+    renderTriangle({{ DescriptorSetLayoutHandle{}, descriptorSetLayout }},
-            defaultRenderTarget, swapChain, shader.getProgram());
+            defaultRenderTarget, swapChain, program);
 
     static const uint32_t expectedHash = 3644679986;
     readPixelsAndAssertHash("UpdateImage3D", 512, 512, defaultRenderTarget, expectedHash);
@@ -559,9 +623,17 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImage3D) {
     api.commit(swapChain);
     api.endFrame(0);
 
+    api.destroyDescriptorSet(descriptorSet);
+    api.destroyDescriptorSetLayout(descriptorSetLayout);
+    api.destroyProgram(program);
+    api.destroySwapChain(swapChain);
+    api.destroyRenderTarget(defaultRenderTarget);
+
     // This ensures all driver commands have finished before exiting the test.
     api.finish();
     api.stopCapture();
+
+    flushAndWait();
 }
 
 } // namespace test

filament/backend/test/test_MRT.cpp

@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
 #include "BackendTest.h"
 
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
-#include "Shader.h"
+#include "ShaderGenerator.h"
-#include "SharedShaders.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 namespace {
@@ -27,6 +26,21 @@ namespace {
 // Shaders
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
+std::string vertex (R"(#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec4 mesh_position;
+
+layout(location = 0) out uvec4 indices;
+
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = vec4(mesh_position.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
+#if defined(TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT)
+    // In Vulkan, clip space is Y-down. In OpenGL and Metal, clip space is Y-up.
+    gl_Position.y = -gl_Position.y;
+#endif
+}
+)");
+
 std::string fragment (R"(#version 450 core
 
 layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
@@ -57,12 +71,10 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, MRT) {
         auto swapChain = cleanup.add(createSwapChain());
         api.makeCurrent(swapChain, swapChain);
 
-        Shader shader(api, cleanup, ShaderConfig{
+        // Create a program.
-                .vertexShader = SharedShaders::getVertexShaderText(VertexShaderType::Noop,
+        ShaderGenerator shaderGen(vertex, fragment, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform);
-                        ShaderUniformType::None),
+        Program p = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
-                .fragmentShader = fragment,
+        auto program = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(p)));
-                .uniforms = {}
-        });
 
         TrianglePrimitive triangle(api);
 
@@ -110,7 +122,7 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, MRT) {
         params.flags.discardEnd = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
 
         PipelineState state;
-        state.program = shader.getProgram();
+        state.program = program;
         state.rasterState.colorWrite = true;
         state.rasterState.depthWrite = false;
         state.rasterState.depthFunc = RasterState::DepthFunc::A;

filament/backend/test/test_MipLevels.cpp

@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "BackendTestUtils.h"
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
-#include "Shader.h"
+#include "ShaderGenerator.h"
-#include "SharedShaders.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
@@ -35,7 +34,18 @@ namespace {
 // Shaders
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-std::string fragmentTexturedLod (R"(#version 450 core
+std::string vertex (R"(#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec4 mesh_position;
+layout(location = 0) out vec2 uv;
+
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = vec4(mesh_position.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
+    uv = (mesh_position.xy * 0.5 + 0.5);
+}
+)");
+
+std::string fragment (R"(#version 450 core
 
 layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
 layout(location = 0) in vec2 uv;
@@ -47,6 +57,18 @@ void main() {
 }
 )");
 
+std::string whiteFragment (R"(#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 uv;
+
+layout(location = 0, set = 1) uniform sampler2D backend_test_sib_tex;
+
+void main() {
+    fragColor = vec4(1.0);
+}
+)");
+
 }
 
 namespace test {
@@ -66,25 +88,39 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, TextureViewLod) {
         auto swapChain = cleanup.add(createSwapChain());
         api.makeCurrent(swapChain, swapChain);
 
-        Shader whiteShader = SharedShaders::makeShader(api, cleanup, ShaderRequest {
+        // Create a program that draws only white.
-            .mVertexType = VertexShaderType::Textured,
+        Handle<HwProgram> whiteProgram;
-            .mFragmentType = FragmentShaderType::White,
+        {
-            .mUniformType = ShaderUniformType::Sampler
+            ShaderGenerator shaderGen(vertex, whiteFragment, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform);
-        });
+            Program p = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
+            p.descriptorBindings(0, {{"backend_test_sib_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, 0}});
+            whiteProgram = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(p)));
+        }
 
         // Create a program that samples a texture.
-        std::string vertexShader = SharedShaders::getVertexShaderText(
+        Handle<HwProgram> textureProgram;
-                VertexShaderType::Textured, ShaderUniformType::Sampler);
+        {
-        filament::SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo samplerInfo {
+            filament::SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo samplerInfo { "backend_test", "sib_tex", 0,
-            "backend_test", "sib_tex", 0,
                 SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, SamplerFormat::FLOAT, Precision::HIGH, false };
-        Shader texturedShader(api, cleanup, ShaderConfig {
+            filamat::DescriptorSets descriptors;
-           .vertexShader = vertexShader,
+            descriptors[1] = { { "backend_test_sib_tex",
-           .fragmentShader = fragmentTexturedLod,
+                    { DescriptorType::SAMPLER, ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT, 0 }, samplerInfo } };
-           .uniforms = {{
+            ShaderGenerator shaderGen(vertex, fragment, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform, std::move(descriptors));
-               "backend_test_sib_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, samplerInfo
+            Program p = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
-           }}
+            p.descriptorBindings(0, {{"backend_test_sib_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, 0}});
-        });
+            textureProgram = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(p)));
+        }
+
+        DescriptorSetLayoutHandle descriptorSetLayout = cleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSetLayout({
+                {{
+                         DescriptorType::SAMPLER,
+                         ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS, 0,
+                         DescriptorFlags::NONE, 0
+                 }}}));
+
+        DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet[2];
+        descriptorSet[0] = cleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSet(descriptorSetLayout));
+        descriptorSet[1] = cleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSet(descriptorSetLayout));
 
         // Create a texture that has 4 mip levels. Each level is a different color.
         // Level 0: 128x128 (red)
@@ -93,10 +129,9 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, TextureViewLod) {
         // Level 3:   16x16 (yellow)
         const size_t kTextureSize = 128;
         const size_t kMipLevels = 4;
-        Handle<HwTexture> texture = cleanup.add(api.createTexture(SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D,
+        Handle<HwTexture> texture = cleanup.add(api.createTexture(SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, kMipLevels,
-                kMipLevels, TextureFormat::RGBA8, 1, kTextureSize, kTextureSize, 1,
+                TextureFormat::RGBA8, 1, kTextureSize, kTextureSize, 1,
-                TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE | TextureUsage::COLOR_ATTACHMENT
+                TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE | TextureUsage::COLOR_ATTACHMENT | TextureUsage::UPLOADABLE));
-                | TextureUsage::UPLOADABLE));
 
         // Create image data.
         auto pixelFormat = PixelDataFormat::RGBA;
@@ -144,7 +179,7 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, TextureViewLod) {
             params.flags.discardStart = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
             params.flags.discardEnd = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
             PipelineState ps = {};
-            ps.program = whiteShader.getProgram();
+            ps.program = whiteProgram;
             ps.rasterState.colorWrite = true;
             ps.rasterState.depthWrite = false;
             api.beginRenderPass(renderTarget, params);
@@ -152,8 +187,7 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, TextureViewLod) {
             api.endRenderPass();
         }
 
-        backend::Handle<HwRenderTarget> defaultRenderTarget =
+        backend::Handle<HwRenderTarget> defaultRenderTarget = cleanup.add(api.createDefaultRenderTarget(0));
-                cleanup.add(api.createDefaultRenderTarget(0));
 
         RenderPassParams params = {};
         fullViewport(params);
@@ -163,19 +197,18 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, TextureViewLod) {
         params.flags.discardEnd = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
 
         PipelineState state;
-        state.program = texturedShader.getProgram();
+        state.program = textureProgram;
-        state.pipelineLayout.setLayout = { texturedShader.getDescriptorSetLayout() };
+        state.pipelineLayout.setLayout = { descriptorSetLayout };
         state.rasterState.colorWrite = true;
         state.rasterState.depthWrite = false;
         state.rasterState.depthFunc = SamplerCompareFunc::A;
         state.rasterState.culling = CullingMode::NONE;
 
-        DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet13 = texturedShader.createDescriptorSet(api);
+        api.updateDescriptorSetTexture(descriptorSet[0], 0, texture13, {
-        api.updateDescriptorSetTexture(descriptorSet13, 0, texture13, {
                 .filterMag = SamplerMagFilter::NEAREST,
                 .filterMin = SamplerMinFilter::NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST });
 
-        api.bindDescriptorSet(descriptorSet13, 0, {});
+        api.bindDescriptorSet(descriptorSet[0], 0, {});
 
         // Render a triangle to the screen, sampling from mip level 1.
         // Because the min level is 1, the result color should be the white triangle drawn in the
@@ -188,12 +221,11 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, TextureViewLod) {
         // Adjust the base mip to 2.
         auto texture22 = cleanup.add(api.createTextureView(texture, 2, 2));
 
-        DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet22 = texturedShader.createDescriptorSet(api);
+        api.updateDescriptorSetTexture(descriptorSet[1], 0, texture22, {
-        api.updateDescriptorSetTexture(descriptorSet22, 0, texture22, {
                 .filterMag = SamplerMagFilter::NEAREST,
                 .filterMin = SamplerMinFilter::NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST });
 
-        api.bindDescriptorSet(descriptorSet22, 0, {});
+        api.bindDescriptorSet(descriptorSet[1], 0, {});
 
         // Render a second, smaller, triangle, again sampling from mip level 1.
         // This triangle should be yellow striped.

filament/backend/test/test_MissingRequiredAttributes.cpp

@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
 #include "BackendTest.h"
 
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
-#include "Shader.h"
+#include "ShaderGenerator.h"
-#include "SharedShaders.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 namespace {
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ namespace {
 // Shaders
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-std::string vertex(R"(#version 450 core
+std::string vertex (R"(#version 450 core
 
 layout(location = 0) in vec4 mesh_position;
 
@@ -47,6 +46,16 @@ void main() {
 }
 )");
 
+std::string fragment (R"(#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
+
+void main() {
+    fragColor = vec4(1.0);
+}
+
+)");
+
 }
 
 namespace test {
@@ -69,11 +78,9 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, MissingRequiredAttributes) {
         api.makeCurrent(swapChain, swapChain);
 
         // Create a program.
-        Shader shader(api, cleanup, ShaderConfig{
+        ShaderGenerator shaderGen(vertex, fragment, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform);
-                .vertexShader = vertex,
+        Program p = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
-                .fragmentShader = SharedShaders::getFragmentShaderText(FragmentShaderType::White,
+        auto program = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(p)));
-                        ShaderUniformType::None),
-        });
 
         auto defaultRenderTarget = cleanup.add(api.createDefaultRenderTarget(0));
 
@@ -82,12 +89,12 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, MissingRequiredAttributes) {
         RenderPassParams params = {};
         fullViewport(params);
         params.flags.clear = TargetBufferFlags::COLOR;
-        params.clearColor = { 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f };
+        params.clearColor = {0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f};
         params.flags.discardStart = TargetBufferFlags::ALL;
         params.flags.discardEnd = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
 
         PipelineState state;
-        state.program = shader.getProgram();
+        state.program = program;
         state.rasterState.colorWrite = true;
         state.rasterState.depthWrite = false;
         state.rasterState.depthFunc = RasterState::DepthFunc::A;

filament/backend/test/test_PushConstants.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
 #include "ShaderGenerator.h"
-#include "Skip.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 #include <utils/Hash.h>
@@ -79,8 +78,6 @@ void main() {
 })";
 
 TEST_F(BackendTest, PushConstants) {
-    SKIP_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::OPENGL));
-
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
 
     api.startCapture(0);

filament/backend/test/test_ReadPixels.cpp

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "BackendTestUtils.h"
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
-#include "Shader.h"
+#include "ShaderGenerator.h"
-#include "SharedShaders.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 #include <utils/Hash.h>
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@ using namespace filament;
 using namespace filament::backend;
 
 #ifndef FILAMENT_IOS
-
 #include <imageio/ImageEncoder.h>
 #include <image/ColorTransform.h>
 
@@ -44,7 +42,20 @@ namespace {
 // Shaders
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-std::string fragmentFloat(R"(#version 450 core
+std::string vertex (R"(#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec4 mesh_position;
+
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = vec4(mesh_position.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
+#if defined(TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT)
+    // In Vulkan, clip space is Y-down. In OpenGL and Metal, clip space is Y-up.
+    gl_Position.y = -gl_Position.y;
+#endif
+}
+)");
+
+std::string fragmentFloat (R"(#version 450 core
 
 layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
 
@@ -54,7 +65,7 @@ void main() {
 
 )");
 
-std::string fragmentUint(R"(#version 450 core
+std::string fragmentUint (R"(#version 450 core
 
 layout(location = 0) out uvec4 fragColor;
 
@@ -97,7 +108,7 @@ TEST_F(ReadPixelsTest, ReadPixels) {
         size_t samples = 1;
 
         // The size of the actual render target, taking mip level into account;
-        size_t getRenderTargetSize() const {
+        size_t getRenderTargetSize () const {
             return std::max(size_t(1), renderTargetBaseSize >> mipLevel);
         }
 
@@ -127,11 +138,11 @@ TEST_F(ReadPixelsTest, ReadPixels) {
         }
 
         void exportScreenshot(void* pixelData) const {
-#ifndef FILAMENT_IOS
+            #ifndef FILAMENT_IOS
             const size_t width = readRect.width, height = readRect.height;
             LinearImage image(width, height, 4);
             if (format == PixelDataFormat::RGBA && type == PixelDataType::UBYTE) {
-                image = toLinearWithAlpha<uint8_t>(width, height, width * 4, (uint8_t*)pixelData);
+                image = toLinearWithAlpha<uint8_t>(width, height, width * 4, (uint8_t*) pixelData);
             }
             if (format == PixelDataFormat::RGBA && type == PixelDataType::FLOAT) {
                 memcpy(image.getPixelRef(), pixelData, width * height * sizeof(math::float4));
@@ -140,13 +151,13 @@ TEST_F(ReadPixelsTest, ReadPixels) {
             std::ofstream outputStream(png.c_str(), std::ios::binary | std::ios::trunc);
             ImageEncoder::encode(outputStream, ImageEncoder::Format::PNG, image, "",
                     png.c_str());
-#endif
+            #endif
         }
 
         void exportRawBytes(void* pixelData) const {
             std::string out = std::string(testName) + ".raw";
             std::ofstream outputStream(out.c_str(), std::ios::binary | std::ios::trunc);
-            outputStream.write((char*)pixelData, getBufferSizeBytes());
+            outputStream.write((char*) pixelData, getBufferSizeBytes());
             outputStream.close();
         }
 
@@ -229,20 +240,22 @@ TEST_F(ReadPixelsTest, ReadPixels) {
     DriverApi& api = getDriverApi();
     Cleanup cleanup(api);
 
-    std::string vertexShader = SharedShaders::getVertexShaderText(VertexShaderType::Noop,
+    // Create programs.
-            ShaderUniformType::None);
+    Handle<HwProgram> programFloat, programUint;
-    Shader floatShader(api, cleanup, ShaderConfig{
+    {
-            .vertexShader = vertexShader,
+        ShaderGenerator shaderGen(vertex, fragmentFloat, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform);
-            .fragmentShader = fragmentFloat,
+        Program p = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
-            .uniforms = {}
+        programFloat = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(p)));
-    });
+    }
-    Shader uintShader(api, cleanup, ShaderConfig{
+    {
-            .vertexShader = vertexShader,
+        ShaderGenerator shaderGen(vertex, fragmentUint, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform);
-            .fragmentShader = fragmentUint,
+        Program p = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
-            .uniforms = {}
+        programUint = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(p)));
-    });
+    }
 
-    for (const auto& t: testCases) {
+
+    for (const auto& t : testCases)
+    {
         // Create a platform-specific SwapChain and make it current.
         Handle<HwSwapChain> swapChain;
         if (t.useDefaultRT) {
@@ -279,7 +292,7 @@ TEST_F(ReadPixelsTest, ReadPixels) {
         RenderPassParams params = {};
         fullViewport(params);
         params.flags.clear = TargetBufferFlags::COLOR;
-        params.clearColor = { 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f };
+        params.clearColor = {0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f};
         params.flags.discardStart = TargetBufferFlags::ALL;
         params.flags.discardEnd = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
         params.viewport.height = t.getRenderTargetSize();
@@ -292,9 +305,9 @@ TEST_F(ReadPixelsTest, ReadPixels) {
         api.beginRenderPass(renderTarget, params);
 
         PipelineState state;
-        state.program = floatShader.getProgram();
+        state.program = programFloat;
         if (isUnsignedIntFormat(t.textureFormat)) {
-            state.program = uintShader.getProgram();
+            state.program = programUint;
         }
         state.rasterState.colorWrite = true;
         state.rasterState.depthWrite = false;
@@ -312,7 +325,7 @@ TEST_F(ReadPixelsTest, ReadPixels) {
             Handle<HwRenderTarget> mipLevelOneRT = localCleanup.add(api.createRenderTarget(
                     TargetBufferFlags::COLOR, renderTargetBaseSize, renderTargetBaseSize, 1, 0,
                     {{ texture }}, {}, {}));
-            p.clearColor = { 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f };
+            p.clearColor = {1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f};
             api.beginRenderPass(mipLevelOneRT, p);
             api.endRenderPass();
         }
@@ -323,27 +336,27 @@ TEST_F(ReadPixelsTest, ReadPixels) {
         PixelBufferDescriptor descriptor(buffer, t.getBufferSizeBytes(), t.format, t.type,
                 t.alignment, t.left, t.top, t.getPixelBufferStride(), [](void* buffer, size_t size,
                     void* user) {
-                    const auto* test = (const TestCase*)user;
+                    const auto* test = (const TestCase*) user;
                     assert_invariant(test);
 
                     test->exportScreenshot(buffer);
                     //test->exportRawBytes(buffer);
 
                     // Hash the contents of the buffer and check that they match.
-                    uint32_t hash = utils::hash::murmur3((const uint32_t*)buffer, size / 4, 0);
+                    uint32_t hash = utils::hash::murmur3((const uint32_t*) buffer, size / 4, 0);
 
                     ASSERT_EQ(test->hash, hash) << test->testName <<
                         " failed: hashes do not match." << std::endl;
 
                     free(buffer);
-                }, (void*)&t);
+                }, (void*) &t);
 
         api.readPixels(renderTarget, t.readRect.x, t.readRect.y, t.readRect.width,
                 t.readRect.height, std::move(descriptor));
 
         // Now render red over what was just rendered. This ensures that readPixels captures the
         // state of rendering between render passes.
-        params.clearColor = { 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f };
+        params.clearColor = {1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f};
         api.beginRenderPass(renderTarget, params);
         api.endRenderPass();
 
@@ -363,15 +376,13 @@ TEST_F(ReadPixelsTest, ReadPixelsPerformance) {
     Cleanup cleanup(api);
 
     // Create a platform-specific SwapChain and make it current.
-    auto swapChain = cleanup.add(
+    auto swapChain = cleanup.add(api.createSwapChainHeadless(renderTargetSize, renderTargetSize, 0));
-            api.createSwapChainHeadless(renderTargetSize, renderTargetSize, 0));
     api.makeCurrent(swapChain, swapChain);
 
-    Shader shader = SharedShaders::makeShader(api, cleanup, ShaderRequest{
+    // Create a program.
-            .mVertexType = VertexShaderType::Noop,
+    ShaderGenerator shaderGen(vertex, fragmentFloat, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform);
-            .mFragmentType = FragmentShaderType::White,
+    Program p = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
-            .mUniformType = ShaderUniformType::None
+    auto program = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(p)));
-    });
 
     // Create a Texture and RenderTarget to render into.
     auto usage = TextureUsage::COLOR_ATTACHMENT | TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE;
@@ -400,7 +411,7 @@ TEST_F(ReadPixelsTest, ReadPixelsPerformance) {
     RenderPassParams params = {};
     fullViewport(params);
     params.flags.clear = TargetBufferFlags::COLOR;
-    params.clearColor = { 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f };
+    params.clearColor = {0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f};
     params.flags.discardStart = TargetBufferFlags::ALL;
     params.flags.discardEnd = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
     params.viewport.height = renderTargetSize;
@@ -409,7 +420,7 @@ TEST_F(ReadPixelsTest, ReadPixelsPerformance) {
     void* buffer = calloc(1, renderTargetSize * renderTargetSize * 4);
 
     PipelineState state;
-    state.program = shader.getProgram();
+    state.program = program;
     state.rasterState.colorWrite = true;
     state.rasterState.depthWrite = false;
     state.rasterState.depthFunc = RasterState::DepthFunc::A;
@@ -433,12 +444,11 @@ TEST_F(ReadPixelsTest, ReadPixelsPerformance) {
         PixelBufferDescriptor descriptor(buffer, renderTargetSize * renderTargetSize * 4,
                 PixelDataFormat::RGBA, PixelDataType::UBYTE, 1, 0, 0, renderTargetSize,
                 [](void* buffer, size_t size, void* user) {
-                    ReadPixelsTest* test = (ReadPixelsTest*)user;
+                    ReadPixelsTest* test = (ReadPixelsTest*) user;
                     test->readPixelsFinished = true;
                 }, this);
 
-        api.readPixels(renderTarget, 0, 0, renderTargetSize, renderTargetSize,
+        api.readPixels(renderTarget, 0, 0, renderTargetSize, renderTargetSize, std::move(descriptor));
-                std::move(descriptor));
         api.commit(swapChain);
         api.endFrame(0);
 

filament/backend/test/test_RenderExternalImage.cpp

@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
 #include "BackendTest.h"
 
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
-#include "Shader.h"
+#include "ShaderGenerator.h"
-#include "SharedShaders.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
@@ -29,19 +28,42 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+namespace {
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Shaders
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+std::string vertex (R"(#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec4 mesh_position;
+layout(location = 0) out vec2 uv;
+
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = vec4(mesh_position.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
+    uv = (mesh_position.xy * 0.5 + 0.5);
+}
+)");
+
+std::string fragment (R"(#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 uv;
+
+layout(location = 0, set = 1) uniform sampler2D test_tex;
+
+void main() {
+    fragColor = texture(test_tex, uv);
+}
+)");
+
+}
+
 namespace test {
 
 using namespace filament;
 using namespace filament::backend;
 
-Shader createShader(DriverApi& api, Cleanup& cleanup, Backend backend) {
-    return SharedShaders::makeShader(api, cleanup, ShaderRequest{
-            .mVertexType = VertexShaderType::Textured,
-            .mFragmentType = FragmentShaderType::Textured,
-            .mUniformType = ShaderUniformType::Sampler
-    });
-}
-
 // Rendering an external image without setting any data should not crash.
 TEST_F(BackendTest, RenderExternalImageWithoutSet) {
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
@@ -51,10 +73,28 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, RenderExternalImageWithoutSet) {
 
     auto swapChain = cleanup.add(createSwapChain());
 
-    Shader shader = createShader(api, cleanup, sBackend);
+    filament::SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo samplerInfo { "test", "tex", 0,
+        SamplerType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL, SamplerFormat::FLOAT, Precision::HIGH, false };
+    filamat::DescriptorSets descriptors;
+    descriptors[1] = { { "test_tex", { DescriptorType::SAMPLER, ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT, 0 },
+            samplerInfo } };
+    ShaderGenerator shaderGen(
+            vertex, fragment, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform, std::move(descriptors));
 
-    backend::Handle<HwRenderTarget> defaultRenderTarget = cleanup.add(
+    // Create a program that samples a texture.
-            api.createDefaultRenderTarget(0));
+    Program p = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
+    p.descriptorBindings(1, {{"test_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, 0}});
+    backend::Handle<HwProgram> program = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(p)));
+    DescriptorSetLayoutHandle descriptorSetLayout = cleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSetLayout({
+            {{
+                     DescriptorType::SAMPLER,
+                     ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS, 0,
+                     DescriptorFlags::NONE, 0
+             }}}));
+
+    DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet = cleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSet(descriptorSetLayout));
+
+    backend::Handle<HwRenderTarget> defaultRenderTarget = cleanup.add(api.createDefaultRenderTarget(0));
 
     // Create a texture that will be backed by an external image.
     auto usage = TextureUsage::COLOR_ATTACHMENT | TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE;
@@ -72,20 +112,18 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, RenderExternalImageWithoutSet) {
     RenderPassParams params = {};
     fullViewport(params);
     params.flags.clear = TargetBufferFlags::COLOR;
-    params.clearColor = { 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f };
+    params.clearColor = {0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f};
     params.flags.discardStart = TargetBufferFlags::ALL;
     params.flags.discardEnd = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
 
     PipelineState state;
-    state.program = shader.getProgram();
+    state.program = program;
-    state.pipelineLayout.setLayout[1] = { shader.getDescriptorSetLayout() };
+    state.pipelineLayout.setLayout[1] = { descriptorSetLayout };
     state.rasterState.colorWrite = true;
     state.rasterState.depthWrite = false;
     state.rasterState.depthFunc = RasterState::DepthFunc::A;
     state.rasterState.culling = CullingMode::NONE;
 
-    DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet = shader.createDescriptorSet(api);
-
     api.startCapture(0);
     api.makeCurrent(swapChain, swapChain);
     api.beginFrame(0, 0, 0);
@@ -117,11 +155,29 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, RenderExternalImage) {
 
     auto swapChain = cleanup.add(createSwapChain());
 
-    Shader shader = createShader(api, cleanup, sBackend);
+    filament::SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo samplerInfo { "test", "tex", 0,
-    DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet = shader.createDescriptorSet(api);
+        SamplerType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL, SamplerFormat::FLOAT, Precision::HIGH, false };
+    filamat::DescriptorSets descriptors;
+    descriptors[1] = { { "test_tex", { DescriptorType::SAMPLER, ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT, 0 },
+            samplerInfo } };
+    ShaderGenerator shaderGen(
+            vertex, fragment, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform, std::move(descriptors));
 
-    backend::Handle<HwRenderTarget> defaultRenderTarget = cleanup.add(
+    // Create a program that samples a texture.
-            api.createDefaultRenderTarget(0));
+    Program p = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
+    p.descriptorBindings(1, {{"test_tex", DescriptorType::SAMPLER, 0}});
+    auto program = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(p)));
+
+    DescriptorSetLayoutHandle descriptorSetLayout = cleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSetLayout({
+            {{
+                     DescriptorType::SAMPLER,
+                     ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS, 0,
+                     DescriptorFlags::NONE, 0
+             }}}));
+
+    DescriptorSetHandle descriptorSet = cleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSet(descriptorSetLayout));
+
+    backend::Handle<HwRenderTarget> defaultRenderTarget = cleanup.add(api.createDefaultRenderTarget(0));
 
     // require users to create two Filament textures and have two material parameters
     // add a "plane" parameter to setExternalImage
@@ -142,12 +198,10 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, RenderExternalImage) {
     values[1] = values[0];
     values[2] = values[0];
     values[3] = values[0];
-    CFDictionaryRef options = CFDictionaryCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, (const void**)keys,
+    CFDictionaryRef options = CFDictionaryCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, (const void**) keys, (const void**) values, 4, nullptr, nullptr);
-            (const void**)values, 4, nullptr, nullptr);
     CVPixelBufferRef pixBuffer = nullptr;
     CVReturn status =
-            CVPixelBufferCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, 1024, 1024, kCVPixelFormatType_32BGRA, options,
+            CVPixelBufferCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, 1024, 1024, kCVPixelFormatType_32BGRA, options, &pixBuffer);
-                    &pixBuffer);
     assert(status == kCVReturnSuccess);
 
     // Fill image with checker-pattern.
@@ -156,7 +210,7 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, RenderExternalImage) {
     const uint32_t black = 0xFF000000;
     CVReturn lockStatus = CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(pixBuffer, 0);
     assert(lockStatus == kCVReturnSuccess);
-    uint32_t* pix = (uint32_t*)CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddressOfPlane(pixBuffer, 0);
+    uint32_t* pix = (uint32_t*) CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddressOfPlane(pixBuffer, 0);
     assert(pix);
     for (size_t r = 0; r < 1024; r++) {
         for (size_t c = 0; c < 1024; c++) {
@@ -176,13 +230,13 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, RenderExternalImage) {
     RenderPassParams params = {};
     fullViewport(params);
     params.flags.clear = TargetBufferFlags::COLOR;
-    params.clearColor = { 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f };
+    params.clearColor = {0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f};
     params.flags.discardStart = TargetBufferFlags::ALL;
     params.flags.discardEnd = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
 
     PipelineState state;
-    state.program = shader.getProgram();
+    state.program = program;
-    state.pipelineLayout.setLayout[1] = { shader.getDescriptorSetLayout() };
+    state.pipelineLayout.setLayout[1] = { descriptorSetLayout };
     state.rasterState.colorWrite = true;
     state.rasterState.depthWrite = false;
     state.rasterState.depthFunc = RasterState::DepthFunc::A;
@@ -193,6 +247,7 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, RenderExternalImage) {
     api.beginFrame(0, 0, 0);
 
     api.updateDescriptorSetTexture(descriptorSet, 0, texture, {});
+
     api.bindDescriptorSet(descriptorSet, 1, {});
 
     // Render a triangle.

filament/backend/test/test_Scissor.cpp

@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
 #include "BackendTest.h"
 
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
-#include "Shader.h"
+#include "ShaderGenerator.h"
-#include "SharedShaders.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 #include <utils/Hash.h>
@@ -28,6 +27,23 @@ namespace test {
 using namespace filament;
 using namespace filament::backend;
 
+static const char* const triangleVs = R"(#version 450 core
+layout(location = 0) in vec4 mesh_position;
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = vec4(mesh_position.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
+#if defined(TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT)
+    // In Vulkan, clip space is Y-down. In OpenGL and Metal, clip space is Y-up.
+    gl_Position.y = -gl_Position.y;
+#endif
+})";
+
+static const char* const triangleFs = R"(#version 450 core
+precision mediump int; precision highp float;
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
+void main() {
+    fragColor = vec4(1.0f);
+})";
+
 TEST_F(BackendTest, ScissorViewportRegion) {
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
 
@@ -69,11 +85,10 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, ScissorViewportRegion) {
         auto swapChain = cleanup.add(api.createSwapChainHeadless(256, 256, 0));
         api.makeCurrent(swapChain, swapChain);
 
-        Shader shader = SharedShaders::makeShader(api, cleanup, ShaderRequest{
+        // Create a program.
-            .mVertexType = VertexShaderType::Noop,
+        ShaderGenerator shaderGen(triangleVs, triangleFs, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform);
-            .mFragmentType = FragmentShaderType::White,
+        Program p = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
-            .mUniformType = ShaderUniformType::None,
+        ProgramHandle program = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(p)));
-        });
 
         // Create source color and depth textures.
         Handle<HwTexture> srcTexture = cleanup.add(api.createTexture(SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, kNumLevels,
@@ -118,7 +133,7 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, ScissorViewportRegion) {
         params.flags.discardEnd = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
 
         PipelineState ps = {};
-        ps.program = shader.getProgram();
+        ps.program = program;
         ps.rasterState.colorWrite = true;
         ps.rasterState.depthWrite = false;
 
@@ -160,11 +175,10 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, ScissorViewportEdgeCases) {
         auto swapChain = cleanup.add(api.createSwapChainHeadless(256, 256, 0));
         api.makeCurrent(swapChain, swapChain);
 
-        Shader shader = SharedShaders::makeShader(api, cleanup, ShaderRequest{
+        // Create a program.
-                .mVertexType = VertexShaderType::Noop,
+        ShaderGenerator shaderGen(triangleVs, triangleFs, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform);
-                .mFragmentType = FragmentShaderType::White,
+        Program p = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
-                .mUniformType = ShaderUniformType::None,
+        ProgramHandle program = cleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(p)));
-        });
 
         // Create a source color textures.
         Handle<HwTexture> srcTexture = cleanup.add(api.createTexture(SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, 1,
@@ -206,7 +220,7 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, ScissorViewportEdgeCases) {
         params.flags.discardEnd = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;
 
         PipelineState ps = {};
-        ps.program = shader.getProgram();
+        ps.program = program;
         ps.rasterState.colorWrite = true;
         ps.rasterState.depthWrite = false;
 

filament/backend/test/test_StencilBuffer.cpp

@@ -17,13 +17,43 @@
 #include "BackendTest.h"
 
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
-#include "Shader.h"
+#include "ShaderGenerator.h"
-#include "SharedShaders.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 using namespace filament;
 using namespace filament::backend;
 
+namespace {
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Shaders
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+std::string vertex (R"(#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec4 mesh_position;
+
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = vec4(mesh_position.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
+#if defined(TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT)
+    // In Vulkan, clip space is Y-down. In OpenGL and Metal, clip space is Y-up.
+    gl_Position.y = -gl_Position.y;
+#endif
+}
+)");
+
+std::string fragment (R"(#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
+
+void main() {
+    fragColor = vec4(1.0);
+}
+
+)");
+
+}
+
 namespace test {
 
 // 1. Clear the stencil buffer to all zeroes.
@@ -34,7 +64,7 @@ namespace test {
 class BasicStencilBufferTest : public BackendTest {
 public:
 
-    Handle <HwSwapChain> mSwapChain;
+    Handle<HwSwapChain> mSwapChain;
     ProgramHandle mProgram;
     Cleanup mCleanup;
 
@@ -47,15 +77,13 @@ public:
         mSwapChain = mCleanup.add(createSwapChain());
         api.makeCurrent(mSwapChain, mSwapChain);
 
-        Shader shader = SharedShaders::makeShader(api, mCleanup, ShaderRequest{
+        // Create a program.
-                .mVertexType = VertexShaderType::Noop,
+        ShaderGenerator shaderGen(vertex, fragment, sBackend, sIsMobilePlatform);
-                .mFragmentType = FragmentShaderType::White,
+        Program p = shaderGen.getProgram(api);
-                .mUniformType = ShaderUniformType::None
+        mProgram = mCleanup.add(api.createProgram(std::move(p)));
-        });
-        mProgram = shader.getProgram();
     }
 
-    void RunTest(Handle <HwRenderTarget> renderTarget) {
+    void RunTest(Handle<HwRenderTarget> renderTarget) {
         auto& api = getDriverApi();
 
         // We'll be using a triangle as geometry.
@@ -72,7 +100,7 @@ public:
         // Render a small triangle only to the stencil buffer, increasing the stencil buffer to 1.
         RenderPassParams params = {};
         params.flags.clear = TargetBufferFlags::COLOR0 | TargetBufferFlags::STENCIL;
-        params.viewport = { 0, 0, 512, 512 };
+        params.viewport = {0, 0, 512, 512};
         params.clearColor = math::float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
         params.clearStencil = 0u;
         params.flags.discardStart = TargetBufferFlags::ALL;
@@ -125,7 +153,7 @@ TEST_F(BasicStencilBufferTest, StencilBuffer) {
             TextureFormat::STENCIL8, 1, 512, 512, 1, TextureUsage::STENCIL_ATTACHMENT));
     auto renderTarget = cleanup.add(api.createRenderTarget(
             TargetBufferFlags::COLOR0 | TargetBufferFlags::STENCIL, 512, 512, 1, 0,
-            {{ colorTexture }}, {}, {{ stencilTexture }}));
+            {{colorTexture}}, {}, {{stencilTexture}}));
 
     RunTest(renderTarget);
 
@@ -143,11 +171,10 @@ TEST_F(BasicStencilBufferTest, DepthAndStencilBuffer) {
     auto colorTexture = cleanup.add(api.createTexture(SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, 1,
             TextureFormat::RGBA8, 1, 512, 512, 1, TextureUsage::COLOR_ATTACHMENT));
     auto depthStencilTexture = cleanup.add(api.createTexture(SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, 1,
-            TextureFormat::DEPTH24_STENCIL8, 1, 512, 512, 1,
+            TextureFormat::DEPTH24_STENCIL8, 1, 512, 512, 1, TextureUsage::STENCIL_ATTACHMENT | TextureUsage::DEPTH_ATTACHMENT));
-            TextureUsage::STENCIL_ATTACHMENT | TextureUsage::DEPTH_ATTACHMENT));
     auto renderTarget = cleanup.add(api.createRenderTarget(
             TargetBufferFlags::COLOR0 | TargetBufferFlags::STENCIL, 512, 512, 1, 0,
-            {{ colorTexture }}, { depthStencilTexture }, {{ depthStencilTexture }}));
+            {{colorTexture}}, {depthStencilTexture}, {{depthStencilTexture}}));
 
     RunTest(renderTarget);
 
@@ -167,17 +194,15 @@ TEST_F(BasicStencilBufferTest, StencilBufferMSAA) {
     // Pass 1: Render a triangle into (an auto-created) MSAA color buffer using the stencil test.
     //         Performs an auto-resolve on the color.
     auto colorTexture = cleanup.add(api.createTexture(SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, 1,
-            TextureFormat::RGBA8, 1, 512, 512, 1,
+            TextureFormat::RGBA8, 1, 512, 512, 1, TextureUsage::COLOR_ATTACHMENT | TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE));
-            TextureUsage::COLOR_ATTACHMENT | TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE));
     auto depthStencilTextureMSAA = cleanup.add(api.createTexture(SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D, 1,
-            TextureFormat::DEPTH24_STENCIL8, 4, 512, 512, 1,
+            TextureFormat::DEPTH24_STENCIL8, 4, 512, 512, 1, TextureUsage::STENCIL_ATTACHMENT | TextureUsage::DEPTH_ATTACHMENT));
-            TextureUsage::STENCIL_ATTACHMENT | TextureUsage::DEPTH_ATTACHMENT));
     auto renderTarget0 = cleanup.add(api.createRenderTarget(
             TargetBufferFlags::DEPTH_AND_STENCIL, 512, 512, 4, 0,
-            {{}}, { depthStencilTextureMSAA }, { depthStencilTextureMSAA }));
+            {{}}, {depthStencilTextureMSAA}, {depthStencilTextureMSAA}));
     auto renderTarget1 = cleanup.add(api.createRenderTarget(
             TargetBufferFlags::COLOR0 | TargetBufferFlags::DEPTH_AND_STENCIL, 512, 512, 4, 0,
-            {{ colorTexture }}, { depthStencilTextureMSAA }, { depthStencilTextureMSAA }));
+            {{colorTexture}}, {depthStencilTextureMSAA}, {depthStencilTextureMSAA}));
 
     api.startCapture(0);
 
@@ -195,7 +220,7 @@ TEST_F(BasicStencilBufferTest, StencilBufferMSAA) {
     // Render a small triangle only to the stencil buffer, increasing the stencil buffer to 1.
     RenderPassParams params = {};
     params.flags.clear = TargetBufferFlags::STENCIL;
-    params.viewport = { 0, 0, 512, 512 };
+    params.viewport = {0, 0, 512, 512};
     params.clearStencil = 0u;
     params.flags.discardStart = TargetBufferFlags::ALL;
     params.flags.discardEnd = TargetBufferFlags::NONE;

filament/include/filament/FilamentAPI.h

@@ -75,14 +75,6 @@ public:
 
     utils::CString const& getName() const noexcept { return mName; }
 
-    utils::CString const& getNameOrDefault() const noexcept {
-        if (const auto& name = getName(); !name.empty()) {
-            return name;
-        }
-        static const utils::CString sDefaultName = "(none)";
-        return sDefaultName;
-    }
-
 private:
     utils::CString mName;
 };

filament/src/details/MaterialInstance.cpp

@@ -269,14 +269,12 @@ void FMaterialInstance::setParameterImpl(std::string_view const name,
     if (texture && texture->textureHandleCanMutate()) {
         mTextureParameters[binding] = { texture, sampler.getSamplerParams() };
     } else {
-        // Ensure to erase the binding from mTextureParameters since it will not
-        // be updated.
-        mTextureParameters.erase(binding);
-
         Handle<HwTexture> handle{};
         if (texture) {
             handle = texture->getHwHandleForSampling();
             assert_invariant(handle == texture->getHwHandle());
+        } else {
+            mTextureParameters.erase(binding);
         }
         mDescriptorSet.setSampler(binding, handle, sampler.getSamplerParams());
     }

filament/src/details/Texture.cpp

@@ -161,13 +161,7 @@ Texture::Builder& Texture::Builder::name(StaticString const& name) noexcept {
 Texture* Texture::Builder::build(Engine& engine) {
     if (mImpl->mTarget != SamplerType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL) {
         FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(Texture::isTextureFormatSupported(engine, mImpl->mFormat))
-                << "Texture format " << uint16_t(mImpl->mFormat)
+                << "Texture format " << uint16_t(mImpl->mFormat) << " not supported on this platform";
-                << " not supported on this platform, texture name="
-                << getNameOrDefault().c_str_safe();
-
-        FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(mImpl->mWidth > 0 && mImpl->mHeight > 0)
-                << "Texture has invalid dimensions: (" << mImpl->mWidth << ", " << mImpl->mHeight
-                << "), texture name=" << getNameOrDefault().c_str_safe();
     }
     const bool isProtectedTexturesSupported =
             downcast(engine).getDriverApi().isProtectedTexturesSupported();

ios/CocoaPods/Filament.podspec

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 Pod::Spec.new do |spec|
   spec.name = "Filament"
-  spec.version = "1.59.2"
+  spec.version = "1.59.0"
   spec.license = { :type => "Apache 2.0", :file => "LICENSE" }
   spec.homepage = "https://google.github.io/filament"
   spec.authors = "Google LLC."
   spec.summary = "Filament is a real-time physically based rendering engine for Android, iOS, Windows, Linux, macOS, and WASM/WebGL."
   spec.platform = :ios, "11.0"
-  spec.source = { :http => "https://github.com/google/filament/releases/download/v1.59.2/filament-v1.59.2-ios.tgz" }
+  spec.source = { :http => "https://github.com/google/filament/releases/download/v1.59.0/filament-v1.59.0-ios.tgz" }
 
   # Fix linking error with Xcode 12; we do not yet support the simulator on Apple silicon.
   spec.pod_target_xcconfig = {

libs/filamentapp/src/FilamentApp.cpp

@@ -704,9 +704,7 @@ FilamentApp::Window::Window(FilamentApp* filamentApp,
         ::prepareNativeWindow(mWindow);
 
         void* metalLayer = nullptr;
-
+        if (config.backend == filament::Engine::Backend::METAL || config.backend == filament::Engine::Backend::VULKAN) {
-        if (config.backend == filament::Engine::Backend::METAL || config.backend == filament::Engine::Backend::VULKAN
-            || config.backend == filament::Engine::Backend::WEBGPU) {
             metalLayer = setUpMetalLayer(nativeWindow);
             // The swap chain on both native Metal and MoltenVK is a CAMetalLayer.
             nativeSwapChain = metalLayer;

samples/multiple_windows.cpp

@@ -205,13 +205,7 @@ void setup_window(Window& w, Engine* engine) {
     void* nativeSwapChain = nativeWindow;
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
     void* metalLayer = nullptr;
-
-#if defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
-    if (kBackend == filament::Engine::Backend::METAL || kBackend == filament::Engine::Backend::VULKAN
-        || kBackend == filament::Engine::Backend::WEBGPU) {
-#else
     if (kBackend == filament::Engine::Backend::METAL || kBackend == filament::Engine::Backend::VULKAN) {
-#endif
         metalLayer = setUpMetalLayer(nativeWindow);
         // The swap chain on both native Metal and MoltenVK is a CAMetalLayer.
         nativeSwapChain = metalLayer;

test/code-correctness/src/run.py

@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import os
-import glob
-import yaml
-import hashlib
-import concurrent.futures
-import re
-
-from utils import execute, ArgParseImpl
-
-def get_line(file_name, offset):
-  with open(f'{file_name}', 'rb') as file:
-    bytes = file.read()[0:offset]
-    f_str = bytes.decode('utf-8')
-    return len(f_str.split('\n'))
-  return -1
-
-def get_func_name(msg):
-  pattern = r"\'(.+)\'"
-  res = re.findall(pattern, msg)
-  if len(res) > 0:
-    return res[0].replace("'", '')
-  return msg
-
-def run_tidy(files):
-  files_str = ' '.join(files)
-  hid = hashlib.md5(files_str.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
-  _, _ = execute(f'clang-tidy --export-fixes=/tmp/{hid}.yaml --quiet --checks=-*,bugprone-exception-escape {files_str}')
-  results = []
-  with open(f'/tmp/{hid}.yaml', 'r') as file:
-    data = yaml.safe_load(file)
-    for d in data['Diagnostics']:
-      if d['DiagnosticName'] != 'bugprone-exception-escape':
-        continue
-      msg = d['DiagnosticMessage']
-      fpath = msg['FilePath']
-      offset = msg['FileOffset']
-      line_num = get_line(fpath, offset)
-      results.append((msg['FilePath'].replace(f'{os.getcwd()}/', ''), line_num, get_func_name(msg['Message'])))
-  return results
-
-def exception_escape_test():
-  files = glob.glob('filament/**/*.mm', recursive=True) + \
-      glob.glob('filament/**/*.cpp', recursive=True) + \
-      glob.glob('filament/**/*.h', recursive=True)
-
-  num_workers = 5  # Number of threads to spawn
-  part_len = len(files) // num_workers
-  workloads = []
-  for i in range(num_workers):
-    next = min(len(files), part_len)
-    workloads.append(files[0:next])
-    files = files[next:]
-
-  all_results = []
-  with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=num_workers) as executor:
-    future_to_worker_id = {executor.submit(run_tidy, workloads[i]): i for i in range(num_workers)}
-
-    for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_worker_id):
-      worker_id = future_to_worker_id[future]
-      try:
-        all_results.extend(future.result())
-      except Exception as exc:
-          print(f"Main: Worker {worker_id} generated an exception: {exc}")
-  test_name = 'code-correctness::exception-escape'
-  failure_str_lines = []
-  if len(all_results) > 0:
-    failure_str_lines.append(f'Number of failures: {len(all_results)}')
-    for fname, line_num, msg in all_results:
-      failure_str_lines.append(f'{fname}({line_num}): {msg}()')
-  return (len(all_results) == 0, failure_str_lines)
-
-TESTS = [
-  (exception_escape_test,
-   'exception-escape',
-   '\'an exception may be thrown in a function which should not throw exceptions\'')
-]
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-  has_failures = False
-  for test_func, test_name, test_desc in TESTS:
-    result, res_strs = test_func()
-    ss = ' ' * 4
-    if result:
-      print(f'[{test_name}] PASSED')
-    else:
-      has_failures = True
-      print(f'[{test_name}] FAILED')
-      print(f'{ss}Description: \'{test_desc}\'')
-      for s in res_strs:
-        print(f'{ss}{s}')
-  if has_failures:
-    # TODO: Enable this when we've fixed all the exception-escape errors
-    #exit(1)    
-    pass
-

test/code-correctness/src/utils.py

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import subprocess
-import os
-import argparse
-import sys
-
-def execute(cmd,
-            cwd=None,
-            capture_output=True,
-            stdin=None,
-            env=None,
-            raise_errors=False):
-  in_env = os.environ
-  in_env.update(env if env else {})
-  home = os.environ['HOME']
-  if f'{home}/bin' not in in_env['PATH']:
-    in_env['PATH'] = in_env['PATH'] + f':{home}/bin'
-
-  stdout = subprocess.PIPE if capture_output else sys.stdout
-  stderr = subprocess.PIPE if capture_output else sys.stdout
-  output = ''
-  err_output = ''
-  return_code = -1
-  kwargs = {
-      'cwd': cwd,
-      'env': in_env,
-      'stdout': stdout,
-      'stderr': stderr,
-      'stdin': stdin,
-      'universal_newlines': True
-  }
-  if capture_output:
-    process = subprocess.Popen(cmd.split(' '), **kwargs)
-    output, err_output = process.communicate()
-    return_code = process.returncode
-  else:
-    return_code = subprocess.call(cmd.split(' '), **kwargs)
-
-  if return_code:
-    # Error
-    if raise_errors:
-      raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(return_code, cmd)
-  if output:
-    if type(output) != str:
-      try:
-        output = output.decode('utf-8').strip()
-      except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
-        print('cannot decode ', output, file=sys.stderr)
-  return return_code, (output if return_code == 0 else err_output)
-
-class ArgParseImpl(argparse.ArgumentParser):
-  def error(self, message):
-    sys.stderr.write('error: %s\n' % message)
-    self.print_help()
-    sys.exit(1)

test/code-correctness/test.sh

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-#!/usr/bin/bash
-
-CODE_CORRECTNESS_TEST_DIR="$(pwd)/test/code-correctness"
-
-# Check if the clang-tidy command exists and is executable
-if ! command -v clang-tidy > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-  # If command -v fails (returns a non-zero exit status), clang-tidy is not found
-  echo "Error: clang-tidy command not found." >&2
-  echo "Please install clang-tidy or ensure it is in your system's PATH." >&2
-  exit 1 # Exit the script with an error code (conventionally non-zero for failure)
-fi
-
-set -e && set -x && \
-    python3 ${CODE_CORRECTNESS_TEST_DIR}/src/run.py

third_party/dawn/tnt/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -33,36 +33,22 @@ if (ANDROID AND FILAMENT_BUILD_FILAMAT)
         tint_lang_core
         tint_lang_core_constant
         tint_lang_core_intrinsic
-        tint_lang_core_ir
-        tint_lang_core_ir_transform
-        tint_lang_core_ir_type
         tint_lang_core_type
-        tint_lang_spirv
-        tint_lang_spirv_intrinsic
-        tint_lang_spirv_ir
         tint_lang_spirv_reader
         tint_lang_spirv_reader_ast_lower
         tint_lang_spirv_reader_ast_parser
         tint_lang_spirv_reader_common
-        tint_lang_spirv_reader_lower
-        tint_lang_spirv_reader_parser
-        tint_lang_spirv_type
-        tint_lang_spirv_validate
         tint_lang_spirv_writer
         tint_lang_wgsl
         tint_lang_wgsl_ast
         tint_lang_wgsl_ast_transform
-        tint_lang_wgsl_common
         tint_lang_wgsl_features
         tint_lang_wgsl_intrinsic
-        tint_lang_wgsl_ir
         tint_lang_wgsl_program
         tint_lang_wgsl_resolver
         tint_lang_wgsl_sem
         tint_lang_wgsl_writer
         tint_lang_wgsl_writer_ast_printer
-        tint_lang_wgsl_writer_ir_to_program
-        tint_lang_wgsl_writer_raise
         tint_results
         tint_utils
         tint_utils_diagnostic
@@ -72,7 +58,6 @@ if (ANDROID AND FILAMENT_BUILD_FILAMAT)
         tint_utils_strconv
         tint_utils_symbol
         tint_utils_text
-        tint_utils_text_generator
     )
 
     # Use the following no-op definitions to introduce a library and its dependency.

web/filament-js/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "filament",
-  "version": "1.59.2",
+  "version": "1.59.0",
   "description": "Real-time physically based rendering engine",
   "main": "filament.js",
   "module": "filament.js",