Fix Android build.

* add View::getLastDynamicResolutionScale()

This method return the last dynamic resolution scaling factor used
by the view.

FIXES=[457753622]

.github/workflows/presubmit.yml

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: ./.github/actions/linux-prereq
       - name: Run build script
-        run: ./build.sh -W debug test_filamat filament
+        run: ./build.sh -W debug test_filamat filament gltf_viewer
       - name: Run test
         run: ./out/cmake-debug/libs/filamat/test_filamat --gtest_filter=MaterialCompiler.Wgsl*
 

NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md

@@ -6,3 +6,5 @@
 appropriate header in [RELEASE_NOTES.md](./RELEASE_NOTES.md).
 
 ## Release notes for next branch cut
+
+- engine: add `View::getLastDynamicResolutionScale()` (b/457753622)

android/filament-android/src/main/cpp/View.cpp

@@ -147,6 +147,15 @@ Java_com_google_android_filament_View_nSetDynamicResolutionOptions(JNIEnv*, jcla
     view->setDynamicResolutionOptions(options);
 }
 
+extern "C" JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
+Java_com_google_android_filament_View_nGetLastDynamicResolutionScale(JNIEnv *env, jclass, jlong nativeView, jfloatArray out_) {
+    jfloat* out = env->GetFloatArrayElements(out_, nullptr);
+    View *view = (View *) nativeView;
+    math::float2 result = view->getLastDynamicResolutionScale();
+    std::copy_n(result.v, 2, out);
+    env->ReleaseFloatArrayElements(out_, out, 0);
+}
+
 extern "C" JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
 Java_com_google_android_filament_View_nSetShadowType(JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nativeView, jint type) {
     View* view = (View*) nativeView;

android/filament-android/src/main/java/com/google/android/filament/Asserts.java

@@ -99,6 +99,15 @@ final class Asserts {
         }
     }
 
+    @NonNull @Size(min = 2)
+    static float[] assertFloat2(@Nullable float[] out) {
+        if (out == null) out = new float[2];
+        else if (out.length < 2) {
+            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("Array length must be at least 2");
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
     @NonNull @Size(min = 4)
     static float[] assertFloat4(@Nullable float[] out) {
         if (out == null) out = new float[4];

android/filament-android/src/main/java/com/google/android/filament/View.java

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import java.util.EnumSet;
 
 import static com.google.android.filament.Asserts.assertFloat3In;
 import static com.google.android.filament.Asserts.assertFloat4In;
-import static com.google.android.filament.Colors.LinearColor;
 
 import com.google.android.filament.proguard.UsedByNative;
 
@@ -674,6 +673,21 @@ public class View {
         return mDynamicResolution;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the last dynamic resolution scale factor used by this view. This value is updated
+     * when Renderer::render(View*) is called
+     * @param out A 2-float array where the value will be stored, or null in which case the array is
+     *            allocated.
+     * @return A 2-float array containing the horizontal and the vertical scale factors
+     * @see Renderer#render(View)
+     */
+    @NonNull @Size(min = 2)
+    public float[] getLastDynamicResolutionScale(@Nullable @Size(min = 2) float[] out) {
+        out = Asserts.assertFloat2(out);
+        nGetLastDynamicResolutionScale(getNativeObject(), out);
+        return out;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Sets the rendering quality for this view (e.g. color precision).
      *
@@ -1317,6 +1331,7 @@ public class View {
     private static native void nSetDithering(long nativeView, int dithering);
     private static native int nGetDithering(long nativeView);
     private static native void nSetDynamicResolutionOptions(long nativeView, boolean enabled, boolean homogeneousScaling, float minScale, float maxScale, float sharpness, int quality);
+    private static native void nGetLastDynamicResolutionScale(long nativeView, float[] out);
     private static native void nSetRenderQuality(long nativeView, int hdrColorBufferQuality);
     private static native void nSetDynamicLightingOptions(long nativeView, float zLightNear, float zLightFar);
     private static native void nSetShadowType(long nativeView, int type);

android/filament-utils-android/src/main/java/com/google/android/filament/utils/TextureLoader.kt

@@ -40,7 +40,21 @@ fun loadTexture(engine: Engine, resources: Resources, resourceId: Int, type: Tex
     options.inPremultiplied = type == TextureType.COLOR
 
     val bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, resourceId, options)
+    return buildTexture(engine, bitmap, type)
+}
 
+fun loadTexture(engine: Engine, bytes: ByteArray, type: TextureType, offset: Int = 0, length: Int = bytes.size): Texture {
+    val options = BitmapFactory.Options()
+    // Color is the only type of texture we want to pre-multiply with the alpha channel
+    // Pre-multiplication is the default behavior, so we need to turn it off here
+    options.inPremultiplied = type == TextureType.COLOR
+
+    val bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(bytes, offset, length, options)
+    return buildTexture(engine, bitmap, type)
+}
+
+
+private fun buildTexture(engine: Engine, bitmap: Bitmap, type: TextureType): Texture {
     val texture = Texture.Builder()
             .width(bitmap.width)
             .height(bitmap.height)

filament/backend/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_OPENGL AND NOT FILAMENT_USE_EXTERNAL_GLES3)
         list(APPEND SRCS src/VirtualMachineEnv.cpp)
     endif ()
     if (ANDROID)
+        list(APPEND SRCS src/AndroidNdk.cpp)
         list(APPEND SRCS src/AndroidNativeWindow.cpp)
         list(APPEND SRCS src/AndroidSwapChainHelper.cpp)
         list(APPEND SRCS src/AndroidFrameCallback.cpp)
@@ -213,6 +214,14 @@ if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_VULKAN)
             src/vulkan/VulkanMemory.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineCache.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineCache.h
+            src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineStateSerializer.cpp
+            src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineStateSerializer.h
+            src/vulkan/VulkanSamplerStateSerializer.h
+            src/vulkan/VulkanSamplerStateSerializer.cpp
+            src/vulkan/VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer.h
+            src/vulkan/VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer.cpp
+            src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer.h
+            src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineLayoutCache.cpp
             src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineLayoutCache.h
             src/vulkan/VulkanQueryManager.cpp
@@ -251,10 +260,21 @@ if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_VULKAN)
             src/vulkan/utils/Spirv.h
             src/vulkan/utils/StaticVector.h
     )
-    if (LINUX OR WIN32)
-        list(APPEND SRCS src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformLinuxWindows.cpp)
+    if (LINUX)
+        list(APPEND SRCS
+            src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformLinux.cpp
+            include/backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformLinux.h
+        )
+    elseif (WIN32)
+        list(APPEND SRCS
+            include/backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformWindows.h
+            src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformWindows.cpp
+        )
     elseif (APPLE OR IOS)
-        list(APPEND SRCS src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformApple.mm)
+        list(APPEND SRCS
+            include/backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformApple.h
+            src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformApple.mm
+        )
     elseif (ANDROID)
         list(APPEND SRCS
             include/backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformAndroid.h

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/PlatformEGLAndroid.h

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "AndroidSwapChainHelper.h"
 #include "AndroidFrameCallback.h"
+#include "AndroidNdk.h"
 
 #include <backend/AcquiredImage.h>
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ class ExternalStreamManagerAndroid;
  * A concrete implementation of OpenGLPlatform and subclass of PlatformEGL that supports
  * EGL on Android. It adds Android streaming functionality to PlatformEGL.
  */
-class PlatformEGLAndroid : public PlatformEGL {
+class PlatformEGLAndroid : public PlatformEGL, public AndroidNdk {
 public:
 
     PlatformEGLAndroid() noexcept;

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h

@@ -437,22 +437,14 @@ protected:
         std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence> fenceStatus;
     };
 
-    virtual ExtensionSet getSwapchainInstanceExtensions() const;
-
     using SurfaceBundle = std::tuple<VkSurfaceKHR, VkExtent2D>;
+    virtual ExtensionSet getSwapchainInstanceExtensions() const = 0;
     virtual SurfaceBundle createVkSurfaceKHR(void* nativeWindow, VkInstance instance,
-            uint64_t flags) const noexcept;
+            uint64_t flags) const noexcept = 0;
 
     virtual VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits getFenceExportFlags() const noexcept;
 
 private:
-    // Platform dependent helper methods
-    static ExtensionSet getSwapchainInstanceExtensionsImpl();
-
-    // Platform dependent helper methods
-    static SurfaceBundle createVkSurfaceKHRImpl(void* nativeWindow, VkInstance instance,
-            uint64_t flags) noexcept;
-
     friend struct VulkanPlatformPrivate;
 };
 

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformAndroid.h

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_PLATFORMS_VULKAN_PLATFORM_ANDROID_H
 
 #include "AndroidFrameCallback.h"
+#include "AndroidNdk.h"
 
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
 #include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h>
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
-class VulkanPlatformAndroid : public VulkanPlatform {
+class VulkanPlatformAndroid : public VulkanPlatform, public AndroidNdk {
 public:
     ExternalImageHandle UTILS_PUBLIC createExternalImage(AHardwareBuffer const* buffer,
             bool sRGB) noexcept;

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformApple.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_PLATFORMS_VULKANPLATFORMAPPLE_H
+#define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_PLATFORMS_VULKANPLATFORMAPPLE_H
+
+#include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h>
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+
+class VulkanPlatformApple : public VulkanPlatform {
+protected:
+    ExtensionSet getSwapchainInstanceExtensions() const override;
+    SurfaceBundle createVkSurfaceKHR(void* nativeWindow, VkInstance instance,
+            uint64_t flags) const noexcept override;
+};
+
+} // namespace filament::backend
+
+#endif // TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_PLATFORMS_VULKANPLATFORMAPPLE_H

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformLinux.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_PLATFORMS_VULKANPLATFORMLINUX_H
+#define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_PLATFORMS_VULKANPLATFORMLINUX_H
+
+#include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h>
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+
+class VulkanPlatformLinux : public VulkanPlatform {
+protected:
+    ExtensionSet getSwapchainInstanceExtensions() const override;
+    SurfaceBundle createVkSurfaceKHR(void* nativeWindow, VkInstance instance,
+            uint64_t flags) const noexcept override;
+};
+
+} // namespace filament::backend
+
+#endif // TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_PLATFORMS_VULKANPLATFORMLINUX_H

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformWindows.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_PLATFORMS_VULKANPLATFORMWINDOWS_H
+#define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_PLATFORMS_VULKANPLATFORMWINDOWS_H
+
+#include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h>
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+
+class VulkanPlatformWindows : public VulkanPlatform {
+protected:
+    ExtensionSet getSwapchainInstanceExtensions() const override;
+    SurfaceBundle createVkSurfaceKHR(void* nativeWindow, VkInstance instance,
+            uint64_t flags) const noexcept override;
+};
+
+} // namespace filament::backend
+
+#endif // TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_PLATFORMS_VULKANPLATFORMWINDOWS_H

filament/backend/include/private/backend/DriverAPI.inc

@@ -337,6 +337,7 @@ DECL_DRIVER_API_SYNCHRONOUS_N(int64_t, getStreamTimestamp, backend::StreamHandle
 DECL_DRIVER_API_SYNCHRONOUS_N(void, updateStreams, backend::DriverApi*, driver)
 DECL_DRIVER_API_SYNCHRONOUS_N(backend::FenceStatus, getFenceStatus, backend::FenceHandle, fh)
 DECL_DRIVER_API_SYNCHRONOUS_N(backend::FenceStatus, fenceWait, backend::FenceHandle, fh, uint64_t, timeout)
+DECL_DRIVER_API_SYNCHRONOUS_N(void, fenceCancel, backend::FenceHandle, fh)
 DECL_DRIVER_API_SYNCHRONOUS_N(void, getPlatformSync, backend::SyncHandle, sh,
         backend::CallbackHandler*, handler, backend::Platform::SyncCallback, cb, void*, userData)
 DECL_DRIVER_API_SYNCHRONOUS_N(bool, isTextureFormatSupported, backend::TextureFormat, format)

filament/backend/include/private/backend/HandleAllocator.h

@@ -169,10 +169,11 @@ public:
      * Destroy the object D at Handle<B> and frees Handle<B>
      * e.g.:
      *      Handle<HwTexture> h = ...;
-     *      deallocate(h);
+     *      deallocate<GLTexture>(h);
      */
-    template<typename D>
-    void deallocate(Handle<D>& handle) noexcept {
+    template<typename D, typename B,
+            typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<B, D>, D>>
+    void deallocate(Handle<B>& handle) noexcept {
         D const* d = handle_cast<const D*>(handle);
         deallocate(handle, d);
     }

filament/backend/src/AndroidNativeWindow.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "AndroidNativeWindow.h"
 
+#include <android/api-level.h>
 #include <android/native_window.h>
 
 #include <utils/compiler.h>
@@ -30,11 +31,16 @@
 namespace filament::backend {
 
 std::pair<int, bool> NativeWindow::isValid(ANativeWindow* const anw) noexcept {
+#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 26
+    // libnativewindow.so is not available before API level 26, this means we can't call
+    // any method above 25 (even protected by __builtin_available()).
     if (__builtin_available(android 28, *)) {
         // this a proxy for is_valid()
         auto const result = ANativeWindow_getBuffersDataSpace(anw);
         return { result, result >= 0 };
     }
+#endif
+
     // fallback on using private APIs
     NativeWindow const* pWindow = reinterpret_cast<NativeWindow const*>(anw);
     if (UTILS_LIKELY(pWindow->query)) {
@@ -82,6 +88,10 @@ AndroidProducerThrottling::AndroidProducerThrottling() {
     // note: we don't need to dlclose() mNativeWindowLib here, because the library will be cleaned
     // when the process ends and dlopen() are ref-counted. dlclose() NDK documentation documents
     // not to call dlclose().
+
+    // libnativewindow.so is not available before API level 26, this means we can't call
+    // any method above 25 (even protected by __builtin_available()).
+
     void* nativeWindowLibHandle = dlopen("libnativewindow.so", RTLD_LOCAL | RTLD_NOW);
     if (nativeWindowLibHandle) {
         mSetProducerThrottlingEnabled =

filament/backend/src/AndroidNativeWindow.h

@@ -37,7 +37,12 @@ struct NativeWindow {
         GET_COMPOSITOR_TIMING   = 26,
         GET_FRAME_TIMESTAMPS    = 27,
     };
+
+#if defined(__LP64__)
     uint64_t pad[18];
+#else
+    uint32_t pad[21];
+#endif
     int (*query)(ANativeWindow const*, int, int*);
     int (*perform)(ANativeWindow*, int, ...);
 

filament/backend/src/AndroidNdk.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "AndroidNdk.h"
+
+#include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
+
+#include <utils/compiler.h>
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+
+UTILS_UNUSED
+static std::once_flag sInitOnce{};
+
+template <typename T>
+UTILS_UNUSED
+static void loadSymbol(void* handle, const char* symbol, T& pfn) {
+    pfn = T(dlsym(handle, symbol));
+}
+
+#if FILAMENT_USE_DLSYM(26)
+AndroidNdk::Ndk AndroidNdk::ndk{};
+#endif
+
+AndroidNdk::AndroidNdk() {
+#if FILAMENT_USE_DLSYM(26)
+    std::call_once(sInitOnce, [] {
+        // note: we don't need to dlclose() mNativeWindowLib here, because the library will be cleaned
+        // when the process ends and dlopen() are ref-counted. dlclose() NDK documentation documents
+        // not to call dlclose().
+        if (__builtin_available(android 26, *)) {
+            void* h = dlopen("libnativewindow.so", RTLD_LOCAL | RTLD_NOW);
+            if (h) {
+                loadSymbol(h, "AHardwareBuffer_acquire", ndk.AHardwareBuffer_acquire);
+                loadSymbol(h, "AHardwareBuffer_release", ndk.AHardwareBuffer_release);
+                loadSymbol(h, "AHardwareBuffer_describe", ndk.AHardwareBuffer_describe);
+            }
+        }
+    });
+#endif
+}
+
+} // filament::backend

filament/backend/src/AndroidNdk.h

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FILAMENT_BACKEND_ANDROIDNDK_H
+#define FILAMENT_BACKEND_ANDROIDNDK_H
+
+#include <android/native_window.h>
+#include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
+
+#define FILAMENT_REQUIRES_API(x) __attribute__((__availability__(android,introduced=x)))
+
+#define FILAMENT_USE_DLSYM(api) (__ANDROID_API__ < (api))
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+
+class AndroidNdk {
+public:
+    AndroidNdk();
+
+#if FILAMENT_USE_DLSYM(26)
+
+    static void AHardwareBuffer_acquire(
+            AHardwareBuffer* buffer) FILAMENT_REQUIRES_API(26) {
+        ndk.AHardwareBuffer_acquire(buffer);
+    }
+
+    static void AHardwareBuffer_release(
+            AHardwareBuffer* buffer) FILAMENT_REQUIRES_API(26) {
+        ndk.AHardwareBuffer_release(buffer);
+    }
+
+    static void AHardwareBuffer_describe(
+            AHardwareBuffer const* buffer, AHardwareBuffer_Desc* desc) FILAMENT_REQUIRES_API(26) {
+        ndk.AHardwareBuffer_describe(buffer, desc);
+    }
+
+#else
+
+    static void AHardwareBuffer_acquire(
+            AHardwareBuffer* buffer) FILAMENT_REQUIRES_API(26) {
+        ::AHardwareBuffer_acquire(buffer);
+    }
+    static void AHardwareBuffer_release(
+            AHardwareBuffer* buffer) FILAMENT_REQUIRES_API(26) {
+        ::AHardwareBuffer_release(buffer);
+    }
+    static void AHardwareBuffer_describe(
+            AHardwareBuffer const* buffer, AHardwareBuffer_Desc* desc) FILAMENT_REQUIRES_API(26) {
+        ::AHardwareBuffer_describe(buffer, desc);
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+private:
+#if FILAMENT_USE_DLSYM(26)
+    static struct Ndk {
+        void (*AHardwareBuffer_acquire)(AHardwareBuffer*);
+        void (*AHardwareBuffer_release)(AHardwareBuffer*);
+        void (*AHardwareBuffer_describe)(AHardwareBuffer const*, AHardwareBuffer_Desc*);
+    } ndk;
+#endif
+};
+
+} // filament::backend
+
+#endif //FILAMENT_BACKEND_ANDROIDNDK_H

filament/backend/src/PlatformFactory.cpp

@@ -67,8 +67,12 @@
 #if defined(FILAMENT_DRIVER_SUPPORTS_VULKAN)
     #if defined(__ANDROID__)
         #include "backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformAndroid.h"
-    #else
-        #include "backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h"
+    #elif defined(__APPLE__)
+        #include "backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformApple.h"
+    #elif defined(__linux__)
+        #include "backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformLinux.h"
+    #elif defined(WIN32)
+        #include "backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformWindows.h"
     #endif
 #endif
 
@@ -117,8 +121,14 @@ Platform* PlatformFactory::create(Backend* backend) noexcept {
         #if defined(FILAMENT_DRIVER_SUPPORTS_VULKAN)
             #if defined(__ANDROID__)
                 return new VulkanPlatformAndroid();
+            #elif defined(__APPLE__)
+                return new VulkanPlatformApple();
+            #elif defined(__linux__)
+                return new VulkanPlatformLinux();
+            #elif defined(WIN32)
+                return new VulkanPlatformWindows();
             #else
-                return new VulkanPlatform();
+                return nullptr;
             #endif
         #else
             return nullptr;

filament/backend/src/metal/MetalDriver.mm

@@ -1039,21 +1039,27 @@ void MetalDriver::updateStreams(DriverApi* driver) {
 
 void MetalDriver::destroyFence(Handle<HwFence> fh) {
     if (fh) {
-        auto* fence = handle_cast<MetalFence>(fh);
-        fence->cancel();
+        // note: it's invalid to call this during a fenceWait(fh) on another thread. For this
+        // reason there is no point signaling the waiters. There should be no waiters.
         destruct_handle<MetalFence>(fh);
     }
 }
 
+void MetalDriver::fenceCancel(FenceHandle const fh) {
+    // Even though this is a synchronous call, the fence handle must be (and stay) valid
+    assert_invariant(fh);
+    auto* fence = handle_cast<MetalFence>(fh);
+    fence->cancel();
+}
+
 FenceStatus MetalDriver::getFenceStatus(Handle<HwFence> fh) {
     return fenceWait(fh, 0);
 }
 
 FenceStatus MetalDriver::fenceWait(FenceHandle fh, uint64_t const timeout) {
+    // Even though this is a synchronous call, the fence handle must be (and stay) valid
+    assert_invariant(fh);
     auto* fence = handle_cast<MetalFence>(fh);
-    if (!fence) {
-        return FenceStatus::ERROR;
-    }
     return fence->wait(timeout);
 }
 

filament/backend/src/metal/MetalHandles.mm

@@ -1395,10 +1395,6 @@ void MetalFence::onSignal(MetalFenceSignalBlock block) {
 FenceStatus MetalFence::wait(uint64_t timeoutNs) {
     if (@available(iOS 12, *)) {
         using ns = std::chrono::nanoseconds;
-
-        // keep a reference on the stack so our state cannot be destroyed while we wait
-        auto state = this->state;
-
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(state->mutex);
         while (state->status == FenceStatus::TIMEOUT_EXPIRED) {
             if (timeoutNs == FENCE_WAIT_FOR_EVER) {

filament/backend/src/noop/NoopDriver.cpp

@@ -166,6 +166,9 @@ void NoopDriver::getPlatformSync(Handle<HwSync> sh, CallbackHandler* handler,
 void NoopDriver::destroyFence(Handle<HwFence> fh) {
 }
 
+void NoopDriver::fenceCancel(FenceHandle fh) {
+}
+
 FenceStatus NoopDriver::getFenceStatus(Handle<HwFence> fh) {
     return FenceStatus::CONDITION_SATISFIED;
 }

filament/backend/src/opengl/OpenGLDriver.cpp

@@ -1788,7 +1788,7 @@ void OpenGLDriver::createFenceR(Handle<HwFence> fh, ImmutableCString&& tag) {
 
     mHandleAllocator.associateTagToHandle(fh.getId(), std::move(tag));
 
-    GLFence* f = handle_cast<GLFence*>(fh);
+    GLFence* const f = handle_cast<GLFence*>(fh);
     assert_invariant(f->state);
 
     bool const platformCanCreateFence = mPlatform.canCreateFence();
@@ -1804,8 +1804,9 @@ void OpenGLDriver::createFenceR(Handle<HwFence> fh, ImmutableCString&& tag) {
         return;
     }
 
-    // This is the case where we need to use OpenGL fences
 #ifndef FILAMENT_SILENCE_NOT_SUPPORTED_BY_ES2
+    // This is the case where we need to use OpenGL fences, as soon as we return, the user
+    // is allowed to destroy the fence, so we need to keep a reference to the internal state.
     std::weak_ptr<GLFence::State> const weak = f->state;
     whenGpuCommandsComplete([weak] {
         if (auto const state = weak.lock()) {
@@ -2291,76 +2292,81 @@ void OpenGLDriver::destroyFence(Handle<HwFence> fh) {
         GLFence const* const f = handle_cast<GLFence*>(fh);
         if (mPlatform.canCreateFence() || mContext.isES2()) {
             mPlatform.destroyFence(f->fence);
-        } else {
-            // signal waiters it's time to give-up
-            std::unique_lock const lock(f->state->lock);
-            f->state->status = FenceStatus::ERROR;
-            f->state->cond.notify_all();
         }
+        // note: it's invalid to call this during a fenceWait(fh) on another thread. For this
+        // reason there is no point signaling the waiters. There should be no waiters.
         destruct(fh, f);
     }
 }
 
+void OpenGLDriver::fenceCancel(FenceHandle fh) {
+    // Even though this is a synchronous call, the fence handle must be (and stay) valid
+    assert_invariant(fh);
+    GLFence const* const f = handle_cast<GLFence*>(fh);
+    assert_invariant(f->state);
+
+    std::lock_guard const lock(f->state->lock);
+    f->state->status = FenceStatus::ERROR;
+    f->state->cond.notify_all();
+}
+
 FenceStatus OpenGLDriver::getFenceStatus(Handle<HwFence> fh) {
     return fenceWait(fh, 0);
 }
 
 FenceStatus OpenGLDriver::fenceWait(FenceHandle fh, uint64_t const timeout) {
-    if (fh) {
-        // we have to take into account that the STL's wait_for() actually works with
-        // time_points relative to steady_clock::now() internally.
-        using namespace std::chrono;
-        auto const now = steady_clock::now();
-        steady_clock::time_point until = steady_clock::time_point::max();
-        if (now <= steady_clock::time_point::max() - nanoseconds(timeout)) {
-            until = now + nanoseconds(timeout);
-        }
+    // Even though this is a synchronous call, the fence handle must be (and stay) valid
+    assert_invariant(fh);
+    GLFence const* const f = handle_cast<GLFence*>(fh);
+    assert_invariant(f->state);
 
-        GLFence const* f = handle_cast<GLFence*>(fh);
-        assert_invariant(f->state);
-
-        bool const platformCanCreateFence = mPlatform.canCreateFence();
-
-        // immediately acquire a reference on our state, so that things don't go south if
-        // the HwFence gets destroyed (on the main thread) while we wait.
-        std::shared_ptr const state{ f->state };
-
-        if (mContext.isES2() || platformCanCreateFence) {
-            if (platformCanCreateFence) {
-                std::unique_lock lock(state->lock);
-                if (f->fence == nullptr) {
-                    // we've been called before the fence was created asynchronously,
-                    // so we need to wait for that, before using the real fence.
-                    // By construction, "f" can't be destroyed while we wait, because its
-                    // construction call is in the queue and a destroy call will have to come later.
-                    state->cond.wait_until(lock, until, [f] {
-                        return f->fence != nullptr;
-                    });
-                    if (f->fence == nullptr) {
-                        // the only possible choice here is that we timed out
-                        assert_invariant(state->status == FenceStatus::TIMEOUT_EXPIRED);
-                        return FenceStatus::TIMEOUT_EXPIRED;
-                    }
-                }
-                lock.unlock();
-                // here we know that we have the platform fence
-                assert_invariant(f->fence);
-                return mPlatform.waitFence(f->fence, timeout);
-            }
-            // platform doesn't support fences -- nothing we can do.
-            return FenceStatus::ERROR;
-        }
-
-        // This is the case where we need to use OpenGL fences
-#ifndef FILAMENT_SILENCE_NOT_SUPPORTED_BY_ES2
-        std::unique_lock lock(state->lock);
-        state->cond.wait_until(lock, until, [&state] {
-            return state->status != FenceStatus::TIMEOUT_EXPIRED;
-        });
-        return state->status;
-#endif
+    // we have to take into account that the STL's wait_for() actually works with
+    // time_points relative to steady_clock::now() internally.
+    using namespace std::chrono;
+    auto const now = steady_clock::now();
+    steady_clock::time_point until = steady_clock::time_point::max();
+    if (now <= steady_clock::time_point::max() - nanoseconds(timeout)) {
+        until = now + nanoseconds(timeout);
     }
-    return FenceStatus::ERROR;
+
+    // we don't need to acquire a reference to f->state here because `f` already has one, and
+    // `f` is not supposed to become invalid while we wait.
+
+    bool const platformCanCreateFence = mPlatform.canCreateFence();
+    if (mContext.isES2() || platformCanCreateFence) {
+        if (platformCanCreateFence) {
+            std::unique_lock lock(f->state->lock);
+            if (f->fence == nullptr) {
+                // we've been called before the fence was created asynchronously,
+                // so we need to wait for that, before using the real fence.
+                // By construction, "f" can't be destroyed while we wait, because its
+                // construction call is in the queue and a destroy call will have to come later.
+                f->state->cond.wait_until(lock, until, [f] {
+                    return f->fence != nullptr;
+                });
+                if (f->fence == nullptr) {
+                    // the only possible choice here is that we timed out
+                    assert_invariant(f->state->status == FenceStatus::TIMEOUT_EXPIRED);
+                    return FenceStatus::TIMEOUT_EXPIRED;
+                }
+            }
+            lock.unlock();
+            // here we know that we have the platform fence
+            assert_invariant(f->fence);
+            return mPlatform.waitFence(f->fence, timeout);
+        }
+        // platform doesn't support fences -- nothing we can do.
+        return FenceStatus::ERROR;
+    }
+
+    // This is the case where we need to use OpenGL fences
+#ifndef FILAMENT_SILENCE_NOT_SUPPORTED_BY_ES2
+    std::unique_lock lock(f->state->lock);
+    f->state->cond.wait_until(lock, until, [f] {
+        return f->state->status != FenceStatus::TIMEOUT_EXPIRED;
+    });
+    return f->state->status;
+#endif
 }
 
 void OpenGLDriver::getPlatformSync(Handle<HwSync> sh, CallbackHandler* handler,

filament/backend/src/opengl/platforms/PlatformEGLAndroid.cpp

@@ -719,6 +719,10 @@ void PlatformEGLAndroid::SwapChainEGLAndroid::terminate(PlatformEGLAndroid& plat
 }
 
 bool PlatformEGLAndroid::SwapChainEGLAndroid::setPresentFrameId(uint64_t frameId) const noexcept {
+    if (!nativeWindow) {
+        // nativeWindow is null in the headless case
+        return false;
+    }
     return mImpl.setPresentFrameId(nativeWindow, frameId);
 }
 

filament/backend/src/opengl/platforms/PlatformGLX.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 
+#include <mutex>
+
 #define LIBRARY_GLX "libGL.so.1"
 #define LIBRARY_X11 "libX11.so.6"
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanAsyncHandles.h

@@ -77,46 +77,41 @@ struct VulkanFence : public HwFence, fvkmemory::ThreadSafeResource {
     VulkanFence() {}
 
     void setFence(std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence> fence) {
-        std::lock_guard const lock(mState->lock);
-        mState->sharedFence = std::move(fence);
-        mState->cond.notify_all();
+        std::lock_guard const l(lock);
+        sharedFence = std::move(fence);
+        cond.notify_all();
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence>& getSharedFence() {
-        std::lock_guard const lock(mState->lock);
-        return mState->sharedFence;
+        std::lock_guard const l(lock);
+        return sharedFence;
     }
 
     std::pair<std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence>, bool>
             wait(std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point const until) {
         // hold a reference so that our state doesn't disappear while we wait
-        std::shared_ptr state{ mState };
-        std::unique_lock lock(state->lock);
-        state->cond.wait_until(lock, until, [&state] {
-            return bool(state->sharedFence) || state->canceled;
+        std::unique_lock l(lock);
+        cond.wait_until(l, until, [this] {
+            return bool(sharedFence) || canceled;
         });
         // here mSharedFence will be null if we timed out
-        return { state->sharedFence, state->canceled };
+        return { sharedFence, canceled };
     }
 
     void cancel() const {
-        std::shared_ptr const state{ mState };
-        std::unique_lock const lock(state->lock);
-        if (state->sharedFence) {
-            state->sharedFence->cancel();
+        std::lock_guard const l(lock);
+        if (sharedFence) {
+            sharedFence->cancel();
         }
-        state->canceled = true;
-        state->cond.notify_all();
+        canceled = true;
+        cond.notify_all();
     }
 
 private:
-    struct State {
-        std::mutex lock;
-        std::condition_variable cond;
-        bool canceled = false;
-        std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence> sharedFence;
-    };
-    std::shared_ptr<State> mState{ std::make_shared<State>() };
+    mutable std::mutex lock;
+    mutable std::condition_variable cond;
+    mutable bool canceled = false;
+    std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence> sharedFence;
 };
 
 struct VulkanSync : fvkmemory::ThreadSafeResource, public HwSync {
@@ -138,12 +133,12 @@ struct VulkanTimerQuery : public HwTimerQuery, fvkmemory::ThreadSafeResource {
           mStoppingQueryIndex(stoppingIndex) {}
 
     void setFence(std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence> fence) noexcept {
-        std::unique_lock const lock(mFenceMutex);
+        std::lock_guard const lock(mFenceMutex);
         mFence = std::move(fence);
     }
 
     bool isCompleted() noexcept {
-        std::unique_lock const lock(mFenceMutex);
+        std::lock_guard const lock(mFenceMutex);
         // QueryValue is a synchronous call and might occur before beginTimerQuery has written
         // anything into the command buffer, which is an error according to the validation layer
         // that ships in the Android NDK.  Even when AVAILABILITY_BIT is set, validation seems to

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache.h"
+#include "VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer.h"
 
 #include "VulkanHandles.h"
 
@@ -100,22 +101,32 @@ uint32_t appendSamplerBindings(VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding* toBind,
     return count;
 }
 
-uint64_t computeImmutableSamplerHash(utils::FixedCapacityVector<VkSampler> const& samplers) {
+uint64_t computeImmutableSamplerHash(utils::FixedCapacityVector<VkSampler> const& samplers, VulkanSamplerCache* cache) {
     size_t const size = samplers.size();
     if (size == 0) {
         return 0;
-    } else if (size == 1) {
-        return (uint64_t) samplers[0];
     }
-    return utils::hash::murmur3((uint32_t*) samplers.data(), samplers.size() * 2, 0);
+
+    utils::FixedCapacityVector<uint32_t> samplerHash;
+    if (size > 0) {
+        samplerHash.reserve(MAX_SAMPLER_COUNT);
+        for (auto sampler : samplers) {
+            samplerHash.push_back(cache->getKey(sampler));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (size == 1) {
+        return (uint64_t) samplerHash[0];
+    }
+    return utils::hash::murmur3((uint32_t*) samplerHash.data(), samplerHash.size() * 2, 0);
 }
 
 } // anonymous namespace
 
 VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache::VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache(VkDevice device,
-        fvkmemory::ResourceManager* resourceManager)
+        fvkmemory::ResourceManager* resourceManager, VulkanSamplerCache* cache)
     : mDevice(device),
-      mResourceManager(resourceManager) {}
+      mResourceManager(resourceManager), mSamplerCache(cache) {}
 
 VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache::~VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache() = default;
 
@@ -131,7 +142,7 @@ VkDescriptorSetLayout VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache::getVkLayout(
         utils::FixedCapacityVector<VkSampler> immutableSamplers) {
     LayoutKey key = {
         .bitmask = bitmasks,
-        .immutableSamplerHash = computeImmutableSamplerHash(immutableSamplers),
+        .immutableSamplerHash = computeImmutableSamplerHash(immutableSamplers, mSamplerCache),
     };
     if (auto itr = mVkLayouts.find(key); itr != mVkLayouts.end()) {
         return itr->second;
@@ -153,9 +164,20 @@ VkDescriptorSetLayout VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache::getVkLayout(
         .bindingCount = count,
         .pBindings = toBind,
     };
+    LayoutKeyHashFn hashFunc;
+    uint32_t hashedKey = hashFunc(key);
+    utils::FixedCapacityVector<uint32_t> immutableSamplersHashes;
+    immutableSamplersHashes.reserve(MAX_SAMPLER_COUNT);
+    for (auto sampler: immutableSamplers) {
+        immutableSamplersHashes.push_back(mSamplerCache->getKey(sampler));
+    }
+    VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer setSer(dlinfo, immutableSamplersHashes, hashedKey);
+
     VkDescriptorSetLayout vklayout;
     vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(mDevice, &dlinfo, VKALLOC, &vklayout);
     mVkLayouts[key] = vklayout;
+
+    mLayoutToKey[vklayout] = hashedKey;
     return vklayout;
 }
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache.h

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 #include "VulkanHandles.h"
 
+#include "VulkanSamplerCache.h"
+
 #include "vulkan/memory/ResourcePointer.h"
 
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ namespace filament::backend {
 
 class VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache {
 public:
-    VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache(VkDevice device, fvkmemory::ResourceManager* resourceManager);
+    VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache(VkDevice device, fvkmemory::ResourceManager* resourceManager,
+            VulkanSamplerCache* cache);
     ~VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache();
 
     void terminate() noexcept;
@@ -48,10 +51,19 @@ public:
     VkDescriptorSetLayout getVkLayout(VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::Bitmask const& bitmasks,
             fvkutils::SamplerBitmask externalSamplers,
             utils::FixedCapacityVector<VkSampler> immutableSamplers = {});
+    uint32_t getKey(VkDescriptorSetLayout layout) {
+        uint32_t key = 0;
+        auto iter = mLayoutToKey.find(layout);
+        if (iter != mLayoutToKey.end()) {
+            key = iter->second;
+        }
+        return key;
+    }
 
 private:
     VkDevice mDevice;
     fvkmemory::ResourceManager* mResourceManager;
+    VulkanSamplerCache* mSamplerCache;
 
     struct LayoutKey {
         // this describes the layout using bitset.
@@ -69,6 +81,7 @@ private:
     };
 
     tsl::robin_map<LayoutKey, VkDescriptorSetLayout, LayoutKeyHashFn, LayoutKeyEqual> mVkLayouts;
+    std::map<VkDescriptorSetLayout, uint32_t> mLayoutToKey;
 };
 
 } // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#include "VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer.h"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <utils/Hash.h>
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer::VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer(
+        const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo& info,
+        utils::FixedCapacityVector<uint32_t> immutableSamplers, uint32_t hash) {
+    std::stringstream filename;
+    filename << "descriptor_set_layout_" << hash << ".json";
+
+    std::ofstream file(filename.str());
+    if (file.is_open()) {
+        std::stringstream buffer;
+        buffer << "[" << std::endl;
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < info.bindingCount; ++i) {
+            buffer << "{" << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"binding\":" << info.pBindings[i].binding << "," << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"descriptor_type\":" << info.pBindings[i].descriptorType << "," << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"stage_flags\":" << info.pBindings[i].stageFlags;
+            if (immutableSamplers.size()) {
+                buffer << "," << std::endl;
+                buffer << "\"immutable_samplers\":[" << std::endl;
+                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < immutableSamplers.size(); ++i) {
+                    buffer << immutableSamplers[i];
+                    if (i < immutableSamplers.size() - 1) {
+                        buffer << ",";
+                    }
+                }
+                buffer << "]";
+            }
+            buffer << std::endl;
+            buffer << "}";
+            if (i < info.bindingCount - 1) {
+                buffer << ",";
+            }
+            buffer << std::endl;
+        }
+        buffer << "]" << std::endl;
+
+        file << buffer.str();
+    }
+    file.close();
+}
+
+VulkanPipelineLayoutSerializer::VulkanPipelineLayoutSerializer(
+        const VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo& info, VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache* cache,
+        uint32_t hash) {
+    std::stringstream filename;
+    filename << "pipeline_layout_" << hash << ".json";
+    std::ofstream file(filename.str());
+    if (file.is_open()) {
+        std::stringstream buffer;
+        buffer << "{" << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"flags\":" << info.flags << "," << std::endl;
+
+        buffer << "\"layouts\":[" << std::endl;
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < info.setLayoutCount; ++i) {
+            buffer << cache->getKey(info.pSetLayouts[i]);
+            if (i < info.setLayoutCount - 1) {
+                buffer << ",";
+            }
+        }
+        buffer << "]," << std::endl;
+
+        buffer << "\"push_constants\":[" << std::endl;
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < info.pushConstantRangeCount; ++i) {
+            buffer << "{" << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"stage_flags\":" << info.pPushConstantRanges[i].stageFlags << "," << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"offset\":" << info.pPushConstantRanges[i].offset << ","
+                   << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"size\":" << info.pPushConstantRanges[i].size
+                   << std::endl;
+            buffer << "}" << std::endl;
+            if (i < info.pushConstantRangeCount - 1) {
+                buffer << ",";
+            }
+        }
+        buffer << "]" << std::endl;
+
+        buffer << "}" << std::endl;
+        file << buffer.str();
+    }
+    file.close();
+ }
+} // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANDESCRIPTORSETLAYOUTSERIALIZER_H
+#define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANDESCRIPTORSETLAYOUTSERIALIZER_H
+
+#include "VulkanPipelineLayoutCache.h"
+#include "VulkanYcbcrConversionCache.h"
+#include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
+
+#include <bluevk/BlueVK.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+
+class VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer {
+public:
+    VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer(VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer const&) = delete;
+    VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer& operator=(
+            VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer const&) = delete;
+
+    VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer(const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo& info,
+            utils::FixedCapacityVector<uint32_t> immutableSamplers,
+            uint32_t hash);
+};
+
+class VulkanPipelineLayoutSerializer {
+public:
+    VulkanPipelineLayoutSerializer(VulkanPipelineLayoutSerializer const&) = delete;
+    VulkanPipelineLayoutSerializer& operator=(VulkanPipelineLayoutSerializer const&) = delete;
+
+    VulkanPipelineLayoutSerializer(const VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo& layout,
+            VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache* cache, uint32_t hash);
+};
+
+} // namespace filament::backend
+
+#endif // TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANDESCRIPTORSETLAYOUTSERIALIZER_H

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDriver.cpp

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <chrono>
+#include <mutex>
 
 using namespace bluevk;
 
@@ -229,16 +230,16 @@ VulkanDriver::VulkanDriver(VulkanPlatform* platform, VulkanContext& context,
       mCommands(mPlatform->getDevice(), mPlatform->getGraphicsQueue(),
               mPlatform->getGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(), mPlatform->getProtectedGraphicsQueue(),
               mPlatform->getProtectedGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(), mContext, &mSemaphoreManager),
-      mPipelineLayoutCache(mPlatform->getDevice()),
       mPipelineCache(mPlatform->getDevice()),
       mStagePool(mAllocator, &mResourceManager, &mCommands, &mContext.getPhysicalDeviceLimits()),
       mBufferCache(mContext, mResourceManager, mAllocator),
       mFramebufferCache(mPlatform->getDevice()),
       mYcbcrConversionCache(mPlatform->getDevice()),
-      mSamplerCache(mPlatform->getDevice()),
+      mSamplerCache(mPlatform->getDevice(), &mYcbcrConversionCache),
       mBlitter(mPlatform->getPhysicalDevice(), &mCommands),
       mReadPixels(mPlatform->getDevice()),
-      mDescriptorSetLayoutCache(mPlatform->getDevice(), &mResourceManager),
+      mDescriptorSetLayoutCache(mPlatform->getDevice(), &mResourceManager, &mSamplerCache),
+      mPipelineLayoutCache(mPlatform->getDevice(), &mDescriptorSetLayoutCache),
       mDescriptorSetCache(mPlatform->getDevice(), &mResourceManager),
       mQueryManager(mPlatform->getDevice()),
       mExternalImageManager(platform, &mSamplerCache, &mYcbcrConversionCache, &mDescriptorSetCache,
@@ -932,6 +933,9 @@ void VulkanDriver::createSwapChainR(Handle<HwSwapChain> sch, void* nativeWindow,
             mContext, &mResourceManager, mAllocator, &mCommands, mStagePool, nativeWindow, flags);
     swapChain.inc();
     mResourceManager.associateHandle(sch.getId(), std::move(tag));
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mTiming.lock);
+    mTiming.nativeSwapchains.emplace(sch.getId(), swapChain->swapChain);
 }
 
 void VulkanDriver::createSwapChainHeadlessR(Handle<HwSwapChain> sch, uint32_t width,
@@ -1106,6 +1110,9 @@ void VulkanDriver::destroySwapChain(Handle<HwSwapChain> sch) {
         mCurrentSwapChain = {};
     }
     swapChain.dec();
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mTiming.lock);
+    mTiming.nativeSwapchains.erase(sch.getId());
 }
 
 void VulkanDriver::destroyStream(Handle<HwStream> sh) {
@@ -1168,9 +1175,19 @@ void VulkanDriver::updateStreams(CommandStream* driver) {
 }
 
 void VulkanDriver::destroyFence(Handle<HwFence> fh) {
+    if (fh) {
+        auto fence = resource_ptr<VulkanFence>::cast(&mResourceManager, fh);
+        // note: it's invalid to call this during a fenceWait(fh) on another thread. For this
+        // reason there is no point signaling the waiters. There should be no waiters.
+        fence.dec();
+    }
+}
+
+void VulkanDriver::fenceCancel(FenceHandle const fh) {
+    // Even though this is a synchronous call, the fence handle must be (and stay) valid
+    assert_invariant(fh);
     auto fence = resource_ptr<VulkanFence>::cast(&mResourceManager, fh);
     fence->cancel();
-    fence.dec();
 }
 
 FenceStatus VulkanDriver::getFenceStatus(Handle<HwFence> const fh) {
@@ -1178,6 +1195,9 @@ FenceStatus VulkanDriver::getFenceStatus(Handle<HwFence> const fh) {
 }
 
 FenceStatus VulkanDriver::fenceWait(FenceHandle const fh, uint64_t const timeout) {
+    // Even though this is a synchronous call, the fence handle must be (and stay) valid
+    assert_invariant(fh);
+
     auto fence = resource_ptr<VulkanFence>::cast(&mResourceManager, fh);
 
     // we have to take into account that the STL's wait_for() actually works with
@@ -1646,7 +1666,7 @@ void VulkanDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth, const RenderPassP
     rpkey.subpassMask = uint8_t(params.subpassMask);
 
     VkRenderPass renderPass = mFramebufferCache.getRenderPass(rpkey);
-    mPipelineCache.bindRenderPass(renderPass, 0);
+    mPipelineCache.bindRenderPass(renderPass, mFramebufferCache.getRenderPassKey(renderPass), 0);
 
     // Create the VkFramebuffer or fetch it from cache.
     VulkanFboCache::FboKey fbkey = rt->getFboKey();
@@ -1765,6 +1785,7 @@ void VulkanDriver::nextSubpass(int) {
             VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
 
     mPipelineCache.bindRenderPass(mCurrentRenderPass.renderPass,
+            mFramebufferCache.getRenderPassKey(mCurrentRenderPass.renderPass),
             ++mCurrentRenderPass.currentSubpass);
 
     if (mCurrentRenderPass.params.subpassMask & 0x1) {
@@ -1783,12 +1804,15 @@ bool VulkanDriver::queryCompositorTiming(Handle<HwSwapChain> const swapChain,
     if (!swapChain) {
         return false;
     }
-    auto sc = resource_ptr<VulkanSwapChain>::cast(&mResourceManager, swapChain);
-    if (!sc) {
-        // can happen if the SwapChainHandle is not initialized yet (still in CommandStream)
-        return false;
+
+    HandleId const id = swapChain.getId();
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mTiming.lock);
+    auto& swapchains = mTiming.nativeSwapchains;
+    if (auto itr = swapchains.find(id); itr != swapchains.end()) {
+        lock.unlock();
+        return mPlatform->queryCompositorTiming(itr->second, outCompositorTiming);
     }
-    return sc->queryCompositorTiming(outCompositorTiming);
+    return false;
 }
 
 bool VulkanDriver::queryFrameTimestamps(Handle<HwSwapChain> const swapChain, uint64_t const frameId,
@@ -1797,12 +1821,14 @@ bool VulkanDriver::queryFrameTimestamps(Handle<HwSwapChain> const swapChain, uin
     if (!swapChain) {
         return false;
     }
-    auto sc = resource_ptr<VulkanSwapChain>::cast(&mResourceManager, swapChain);
-    if (!sc) {
-        // can happen if the SwapChainHandle is not initialized yet (still in CommandStream)
-        return false;
+    HandleId const id = swapChain.getId();
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mTiming.lock);
+    auto& swapchains = mTiming.nativeSwapchains;
+    if (auto itr = swapchains.find(id); itr != swapchains.end()) {
+        lock.unlock();
+        return mPlatform->queryFrameTimestamps(itr->second, frameId, outFrameTimestamps);
     }
-    return sc->queryFrameTimestamps(frameId, outFrameTimestamps);
+    return false;
 }
 
 void VulkanDriver::makeCurrent(Handle<HwSwapChain> drawSch, Handle<HwSwapChain> readSch) {
@@ -2135,7 +2161,8 @@ void VulkanDriver::bindPipelineImpl(PipelineState const& pipelineState,
     mPipelineState.pipelineLayout = pipelineLayout;
     mPipelineState.descriptorSetMask = descriptorSetMask;
 
-    mPipelineCache.bindLayout(pipelineLayout);
+    auto key = mPipelineLayoutCache.getKey(pipelineLayout);
+    mPipelineCache.bindLayout(pipelineLayout, key);
     mPipelineCache.bindPipeline(mCurrentRenderPass.commandBuffer);
 }
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDriver.h

@@ -148,7 +148,6 @@ private:
 
     VulkanSemaphoreManager mSemaphoreManager;
     VulkanCommands mCommands;
-    VulkanPipelineLayoutCache mPipelineLayoutCache;
     VulkanPipelineCache mPipelineCache;
     VulkanStagePool mStagePool;
     VulkanBufferCache mBufferCache;
@@ -158,10 +157,20 @@ private:
     VulkanBlitter mBlitter;
     VulkanReadPixels mReadPixels;
     VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache mDescriptorSetLayoutCache;
+    VulkanPipelineLayoutCache mPipelineLayoutCache;
     VulkanDescriptorSetCache mDescriptorSetCache;
     VulkanQueryManager mQueryManager;
     VulkanExternalImageManager mExternalImageManager;
 
+    // This maps a VulkanSwapchain to a native swapchain. VulkanSwapchain should have a copy of the
+    // Platform::Swapchain pointer, but queryFrameTimestamps() and queryCompositorTiming() are
+    // synchronous calls, making access to VulkanSwapchain unsafe (this difference vs other backends
+    // is due to the ref-counting of vulkan resources).
+    struct {
+        std::mutex lock;
+        std::unordered_map<HandleId, Platform::SwapChain*> nativeSwapchains;
+    } mTiming;
+
     // This is necessary for us to write to push constants after binding a pipeline.
     using DescriptorSetLayoutHandleList = std::array<resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout>,
             VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::UNIQUE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_COUNT>;

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanFboCache.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "VulkanFboCache.h"
+#include "VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer.h"
 
 #include "VulkanConstants.h"
 #include "vulkan/utils/Image.h"
@@ -69,6 +70,15 @@ VulkanFboCache::~VulkanFboCache() {
             << "Please explicitly call terminate() while the VkDevice is still alive.";
 }
 
+uint32_t VulkanFboCache::getRenderPassKey(VkRenderPass pass) noexcept {
+    uint32_t key = 0;
+    auto iter = mRenderPassToKey.find(pass);
+    if (iter != mRenderPassToKey.end()) {
+        key = iter->second;
+    }
+    return key;
+}
+
 VkFramebuffer VulkanFboCache::getFramebuffer(FboKey const& config) noexcept {
     FboMap::iterator iter = mFramebufferCache.find(config);
     if (UTILS_LIKELY(iter != mFramebufferCache.end() && iter->second.handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE)) {
@@ -117,6 +127,7 @@ VkFramebuffer VulkanFboCache::getFramebuffer(FboKey const& config) noexcept {
     VkResult error = vkCreateFramebuffer(mDevice, &info, VKALLOC, &framebuffer);
     FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(error == VK_SUCCESS) << "Unable to create framebuffer."
                                                      << " error=" << static_cast<int32_t>(error);
+
     mFramebufferCache[config] = {framebuffer, mCurrentTime};
     return framebuffer;
 }
@@ -326,6 +337,12 @@ VkRenderPass VulkanFboCache::getRenderPass(RenderPassKey const& config) noexcept
     VkResult error = vkCreateRenderPass(mDevice, &renderPassInfo, VKALLOC, &renderPass);
     FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(error == VK_SUCCESS) << "Unable to create render pass."
                                                       << " error=" << error;
+
+    RenderPassHash hashFunc;
+    uint32_t key = hashFunc(config);
+    VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer passSer(renderPassInfo, key); 
+    mRenderPassToKey[renderPass] = key;
+
     mRenderPassCache[config] = {renderPass, mCurrentTime};
 
 #if FVK_ENABLED(FVK_DEBUG_FBO_CACHE)

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanFboCache.h

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <backend/TargetBufferInfo.h>
 
 #include <tsl/robin_map.h>
+#include <map>
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
@@ -97,6 +98,8 @@ public:
     explicit VulkanFboCache(VkDevice device);
     ~VulkanFboCache();
 
+    uint32_t getRenderPassKey(VkRenderPass pass) noexcept;
+
     // Retrieves or creates a VkFramebuffer handle.
     VkFramebuffer getFramebuffer(FboKey const& config) noexcept;
 
@@ -118,6 +121,7 @@ private:
     FboMap mFramebufferCache;
 
     tsl::robin_map<RenderPassKey, RenderPassVal, RenderPassHash, RenderPassEq> mRenderPassCache;
+    std::map<VkRenderPass, uint32_t> mRenderPassToKey;
     tsl::robin_map<VkRenderPass, uint32_t> mRenderPassRefCount;
     uint32_t mCurrentTime = 0;
 };

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanHandles.cpp

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <utils/compiler.h> // UTILS_FALLTHROUGH
 #include <utils/Panic.h>    // ASSERT_POSTCONDITION
 #include <utils/CString.h>
+#include <fstream>
 
 using namespace bluevk;
 
@@ -179,6 +180,23 @@ VulkanAttachment createSwapchainAttachment(const fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanT
     };
 }
 
+static inline uint64_t serializeShaderModule(utils::CString progName, VkShaderModuleCreateInfo info,
+        VkShaderStageFlagBits stage) {
+    std::stringstream filename;
+    filename << progName.c_str() << "_" << stage << "_";
+    constexpr uint32_t wordReadCount = 8;
+    uint64_t key = utils::hash::murmur3(info.pCode, wordReadCount, 0);
+    key |= uint64_t(utils::hash::murmur3(info.pCode + (wordReadCount / 2), wordReadCount, 0)) << 32;
+    filename << key << ".bin";
+
+    std::ofstream file(filename.str());
+    if (file.is_open()) {
+        file.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(info.pCode), info.codeSize);
+    }
+    file.close();
+    return key;
+}
+
 } // anonymous namespace
 
 VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::VulkanDescriptorSetLayout(DescriptorSetLayout&& layout,
@@ -280,6 +298,12 @@ VulkanProgram::VulkanProgram(VkDevice device, Program const& builder) noexcept
             .codeSize = dataSize,
             .pCode = data,
         };
+        if (i == 0) {
+            mVertexShaderHash = serializeShaderModule(name, moduleInfo, VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
+        } else if (i == 1) {
+            mFragmentShaderHash =
+                    serializeShaderModule(name, moduleInfo, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);
+        }
         VkResult result = vkCreateShaderModule(mDevice, &moduleInfo, VKALLOC, &module);
         FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(result == VK_SUCCESS)
                 << "Unable to create shader module."

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanHandles.h

@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ struct VulkanDescriptorSetLayout : public HwDescriptorSetLayout, fvkmemory::Reso
 
     using DescriptorSetLayoutArray = std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayout,
             VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::UNIQUE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_COUNT>;
+    using DescriptorSetLayoutHashArray = std::array<uint64_t,
+            VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::UNIQUE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_COUNT>;
 
     // The bitmask representation of a set layout.
     struct Bitmask {
@@ -280,6 +282,10 @@ struct VulkanProgram : public HwProgram, fvkmemory::Resource {
         mInfo->pushConstantDescription.write(cmdbuf, layout, stage, index, value);
     }
 
+    inline uint64_t getVertexShaderHash() { return mVertexShaderHash;
+    }
+    inline uint64_t getFragmentShaderHash() { return mFragmentShaderHash; }
+
     // TODO: handle compute shaders.
     // The expected order of shaders - from frontend to backend - is vertex, fragment, compute.
     static constexpr uint8_t const MAX_SHADER_MODULES = 2;
@@ -295,6 +301,8 @@ private:
     };
 
     PipelineInfo* mInfo;
+    uint64_t mVertexShaderHash;
+    uint64_t mFragmentShaderHash;
     VkDevice mDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 };
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineCache.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "VulkanPipelineCache.h"
+#include "VulkanPipelineStateSerializer.h"
 
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <utils/Panic.h>
@@ -42,8 +43,9 @@ VulkanPipelineCache::VulkanPipelineCache(VkDevice device)
     bluevk::vkCreatePipelineCache(mDevice, &createInfo, VKALLOC, &mPipelineCache);
 }
 
-void VulkanPipelineCache::bindLayout(VkPipelineLayout layout) noexcept {
+void VulkanPipelineCache::bindLayout(VkPipelineLayout layout, uint32_t key) noexcept {
     mPipelineRequirements.layout = layout;
+    mPipelineLayoutKey = key;
 }
 
 VulkanPipelineCache::PipelineCacheEntry* VulkanPipelineCache::getOrCreatePipeline() noexcept {
@@ -77,6 +79,7 @@ void VulkanPipelineCache::bindPipeline(VulkanCommandBuffer* commands) {
 VulkanPipelineCache::PipelineCacheEntry* VulkanPipelineCache::createPipeline() noexcept {
     assert_invariant(mPipelineRequirements.shaders[0] && "Vertex shader is not bound.");
     assert_invariant(mPipelineRequirements.layout && "No pipeline layout specified");
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer serializer(mProgramName);
 
     VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[SHADER_MODULE_COUNT];
     shaderStages[0] = {
@@ -89,6 +92,12 @@ VulkanPipelineCache::PipelineCacheEntry* VulkanPipelineCache::createPipeline() n
     shaderStages[1].stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
     shaderStages[1].module = mPipelineRequirements.shaders[1];
 
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::ShaderStageInfo vtx = { shaderStages[0].stage, mVertexShaderHash,
+        shaderStages[0].pName };
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::ShaderStageInfo frg = { shaderStages[1].stage, mFragmentShaderHash,
+        shaderStages[1].pName };
+    serializer << vtx << frg;
+
     bool const hasFragmentShader = shaderStages[1].module != VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 
     VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachments[MRT::MAX_SUPPORTED_RENDER_TARGET_COUNT];
@@ -107,9 +116,11 @@ VulkanPipelineCache::PipelineCacheEntry* VulkanPipelineCache::createPipeline() n
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT; i++) {
         if (mPipelineRequirements.vertexAttributes[i].format > 0) {
             vertexAttributes[numVertexAttribs++] = mPipelineRequirements.vertexAttributes[i];
+            serializer << mPipelineRequirements.vertexAttributes[i];
         }
         if (mPipelineRequirements.vertexBuffers[i].stride > 0) {
             vertexBuffers[numVertexBuffers++] = mPipelineRequirements.vertexBuffers[i];
+            serializer << mPipelineRequirements.vertexBuffers[i];
         }
     }
     VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputState = {
@@ -123,11 +134,15 @@ VulkanPipelineCache::PipelineCacheEntry* VulkanPipelineCache::createPipeline() n
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
         .topology = (VkPrimitiveTopology) mPipelineRequirements.topology,
     };
+    serializer << inputAssemblyState;
+
     VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
         .viewportCount = 1,
         .scissorCount = 1,
     };
+    serializer << viewportState;
+
     VkDynamicState dynamicStateEnables[] = {
         VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
         VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR,
@@ -137,6 +152,8 @@ VulkanPipelineCache::PipelineCacheEntry* VulkanPipelineCache::createPipeline() n
         .dynamicStateCount = 2,
         .pDynamicStates = dynamicStateEnables,
     };
+    serializer << dynamicState;
+
     auto const& raster = mPipelineRequirements.rasterState;
     VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo vkRaster = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
@@ -150,6 +167,8 @@ VulkanPipelineCache::PipelineCacheEntry* VulkanPipelineCache::createPipeline() n
         .depthBiasSlopeFactor = raster.depthBiasSlopeFactor,
         .lineWidth = 1.0f,
     };
+    serializer << vkRaster;
+
     VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo vkMs = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
         .rasterizationSamples = (VkSampleCountFlagBits) raster.rasterizationSamples,
@@ -158,6 +177,8 @@ VulkanPipelineCache::PipelineCacheEntry* VulkanPipelineCache::createPipeline() n
         .alphaToCoverageEnable = raster.alphaToCoverageEnable,
         .alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE,
     };
+    serializer << vkMs;
+
     VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo vkDs = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
         .depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE,
@@ -177,6 +198,12 @@ VulkanPipelineCache::PipelineCacheEntry* VulkanPipelineCache::createPipeline() n
         .writeMask = 0u,
         .reference = 0u,
     };
+    serializer << vkDs;
+
+    //layout
+    serializer.setPipelineLayoutKey(mPipelineLayoutKey);
+    // renderPass
+    serializer.setRenderPassKey(mRenderPassKey);
 
     VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
@@ -215,6 +242,7 @@ VulkanPipelineCache::PipelineCacheEntry* VulkanPipelineCache::createPipeline() n
             colorBlendAttachments[i] = colorBlendAttachments[0];
         }
     }
+    serializer << colorBlendState;
 
     #if FVK_ENABLED(FVK_DEBUG_SHADER_MODULE)
         FVK_LOGD << "vkCreateGraphicsPipelines with shaders = ("
@@ -230,12 +258,20 @@ VulkanPipelineCache::PipelineCacheEntry* VulkanPipelineCache::createPipeline() n
         FVK_LOGE << "vkCreateGraphicsPipelines error " << error;
         return nullptr;
     }
+
+    PipelineHashFn hashFunc;
+
+    serializer.setID(hashFunc(mPipelineRequirements));
     return &mPipelines.emplace(mPipelineRequirements, cacheEntry).first.value();
 }
 
 void VulkanPipelineCache::bindProgram(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanProgram> program) noexcept {
     mPipelineRequirements.shaders[0] = program->getVertexShader();
     mPipelineRequirements.shaders[1] = program->getFragmentShader();
+    mProgramName = program->name;
+    mVertexShaderHash = program->getVertexShaderHash();
+    mFragmentShaderHash= program->getFragmentShaderHash();
+    
 
     // If this is a debug build, validate the current shader.
 #if FVK_ENABLED(FVK_DEBUG_SHADER_MODULE)
@@ -250,9 +286,10 @@ void VulkanPipelineCache::bindRasterState(RasterState const& rasterState) noexce
     mPipelineRequirements.rasterState = rasterState;
 }
 
-void VulkanPipelineCache::bindRenderPass(VkRenderPass renderPass, int subpassIndex) noexcept {
+void VulkanPipelineCache::bindRenderPass(VkRenderPass renderPass, uint32_t passKey, int subpassIndex) noexcept {
     mPipelineRequirements.renderPass = renderPass;
     mPipelineRequirements.subpassIndex = subpassIndex;
+    mRenderPassKey = passKey;
 }
 
 void VulkanPipelineCache::bindPrimitiveTopology(VkPrimitiveTopology topology) noexcept {

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineCache.h

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ public:
 
     VulkanPipelineCache(VkDevice device);
 
-    void bindLayout(VkPipelineLayout layout) noexcept;
+    void bindLayout(VkPipelineLayout layout, uint32_t key) noexcept;
 
     // Creates a new pipeline if necessary and binds it using vkCmdBindPipeline.
     void bindPipeline(VulkanCommandBuffer* commands);
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ public:
     // Each of the following methods are fast and do not make Vulkan calls.
     void bindProgram(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanProgram> program) noexcept;
     void bindRasterState(RasterState const& rasterState) noexcept;
-    void bindRenderPass(VkRenderPass renderPass, int subpassIndex) noexcept;
+    void bindRenderPass(VkRenderPass renderPass, uint32_t passKey, int subpassIndex) noexcept;
     void bindPrimitiveTopology(VkPrimitiveTopology topology) noexcept;
     void bindVertexArray(VkVertexInputAttributeDescription const* attribDesc,
             VkVertexInputBindingDescription const* bufferDesc, uint8_t count);
@@ -207,6 +207,11 @@ private:
 
     // Current requirements for the pipeline layout, pipeline, and descriptor sets.
     PipelineKey mPipelineRequirements = {};
+    utils::CString mProgramName;
+    uint64_t mVertexShaderHash;
+    uint64_t mFragmentShaderHash;
+    uint32_t mPipelineLayoutKey;
+    uint32_t mRenderPassKey;
 
     // Current bindings for the pipeline and descriptor sets.
     PipelineKey mBoundPipeline = {};

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineLayoutCache.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "VulkanPipelineLayoutCache.h"
+#include "VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutSerializer.h"
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
@@ -23,7 +24,11 @@ VkPipelineLayout VulkanPipelineLayoutCache::getLayout(
         fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanProgram> program) {
     PipelineLayoutKey key = {};
     uint8_t descSetLayoutCount = 0;
-    key.descSetLayouts = descriptorSetLayouts;
+    DescriptorSetLayoutHashArray hashArray;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < descriptorSetLayouts.size(); ++i) {
+        hashArray[i] = mDescriptorSetCache->getKey(descriptorSetLayouts[i]);
+    }
+    key.descSetLayouts = hashArray;
     for (auto layoutHandle: descriptorSetLayouts) {
         if (layoutHandle == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
             break;
@@ -62,11 +67,14 @@ VkPipelineLayout VulkanPipelineLayoutCache::getLayout(
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,
         .setLayoutCount = (uint32_t) descSetLayoutCount,
-        .pSetLayouts = key.descSetLayouts.data(),
+        .pSetLayouts = descriptorSetLayouts.data(),
         .pushConstantRangeCount = pushConstantRangeCount,
         .pPushConstantRanges = pushConstantRanges,
     };
 
+    PipelineLayoutKeyHashFn hashFunc;
+    uint32_t hashedKey = hashFunc(key);
+    VulkanPipelineLayoutSerializer pipelineSer(info, mDescriptorSetCache, hashedKey);
     VkPipelineLayout layout;
     vkCreatePipelineLayout(mDevice, &info, VKALLOC, &layout);
 
@@ -74,6 +82,8 @@ VkPipelineLayout VulkanPipelineLayoutCache::getLayout(
         .handle = layout,
         .lastUsed = mTimestamp++,
     };
+
+    mPipelineToKey[layout] = hashedKey;
     return layout;
 }
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineLayoutCache.h

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANPIPELINELAYOUTCACHE_H
 
 #include "VulkanHandles.h"
+#include "VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache.h"
 
 #include <bluevk/BlueVK.h>
 
@@ -30,10 +31,11 @@ namespace filament::backend {
 class VulkanPipelineLayoutCache {
 public:
     using DescriptorSetLayoutArray = VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::DescriptorSetLayoutArray;
+    using DescriptorSetLayoutHashArray = VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::DescriptorSetLayoutHashArray;
     
-    VulkanPipelineLayoutCache(VkDevice device)
+    VulkanPipelineLayoutCache(VkDevice device, VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache* cache)
         : mDevice(device),
-          mTimestamp(0) {}
+          mTimestamp(0), mDescriptorSetCache(cache) {}
 
     void terminate() noexcept;
 
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ public:
     };
 
     struct PipelineLayoutKey {
-        DescriptorSetLayoutArray descSetLayouts = {};                                     // 8 * 4
+        DescriptorSetLayoutHashArray descSetLayouts = {};              // 8 * 4
         PushConstantKey pushConstant[Program::SHADER_TYPE_COUNT] = {};                    // 2 * 3
         uint16_t padding = 0;
     };
@@ -58,6 +60,14 @@ public:
     // are described in the program.
     VkPipelineLayout getLayout(DescriptorSetLayoutArray const& descriptorSetLayouts,
             fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanProgram> program);
+    uint32_t getKey(VkPipelineLayout layout) {
+        uint32_t key = 0;
+        auto iter = mPipelineToKey.find(layout);
+        if (iter != mPipelineToKey.end()) {
+            key = iter->second;
+        }
+        return key;
+    }
 
 private:
     using Timestamp = uint64_t;
@@ -79,6 +89,8 @@ private:
     VkDevice mDevice;
     Timestamp mTimestamp;
     PipelineLayoutMap mPipelineLayouts;
+    std::map<VkPipelineLayout, uint32_t> mPipelineToKey;
+    VulkanDescriptorSetLayoutCache* mDescriptorSetCache;
 };
 
 } // filament::backend

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineStateSerializer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include "VulkanPipelineStateSerializer.h"
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <utils/Panic.h>
+
+#include "VulkanConstants.h"
+#include "VulkanHandles.h"
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+// Vulkan functions often immediately dereference pointers, so it's fine to pass in a pointer
+// to a stack-allocated variable.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wreturn-stack-address"
+#endif
+
+using namespace bluevk;
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+
+VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::VulkanPipelineStateSerializer(const utils::CString& name) { 
+    mBuffer << "{" << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"program_name\":" << "\"" << name.c_str() << "\"" << "," << std::endl;
+}
+VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::~VulkanPipelineStateSerializer() {
+    //Shader Modules
+    mBuffer << "\"shader_modules\":[" << std::endl;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mShaderStages.size(); ++i) {
+        mBuffer << "{" << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"stage\":" << mShaderStages[i].stage << "," << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"key\":" << mShaderStages[i].module  << "," << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"name\":" << "\"" << mShaderStages[i].mName << "\"" << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "}";
+        if (i < mShaderStages.size() - 1) {
+            mBuffer << ",";
+        }
+        mBuffer <<  std::endl;
+    }
+    mBuffer << "]," << std::endl;
+
+    //Vertex Attribute
+    mBuffer << "\"vertex_attributes\":[" << std::endl;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mVtxAttribs.size(); ++i) {
+        mBuffer << "{" << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"location\":" << mVtxAttribs[i].location << "," << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"binding\":" <<  mVtxAttribs[i].binding << "," << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"format\":" << mVtxAttribs[i].format << "," << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"offset\":" << mVtxAttribs[i].offset << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "}";
+        if (i < mVtxAttribs.size() - 1) {
+            mBuffer << ",";
+        }
+        mBuffer << std::endl;
+    }
+    mBuffer << "]," << std::endl;
+
+    // Vertex Bindings
+    mBuffer << "\"vertex_bindings\":[" << std::endl;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mVtxBindings.size(); ++i) {
+        mBuffer << "{" << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"binding\":" << mVtxBindings[i].binding << "," << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"stride\":" << mVtxBindings[i].stride << "," << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"input_rate\":" << mVtxBindings[i].inputRate << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "}";
+        if (i < mVtxBindings.size() - 1) {
+            mBuffer << ",";
+        }
+        mBuffer << std::endl;
+    }
+    mBuffer << "]" << std::endl;
+
+    mBuffer << "}" << std::endl;
+
+    std::ofstream file(mFileName);
+    if (file.is_open()) {
+        file << mBuffer.str();
+    }
+    file.close();
+}
+
+void VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::setPipelineLayoutKey(uint32_t pipelineLayoutKey) {
+    mBuffer << "\"layout\":" << pipelineLayoutKey << "," << std::endl;
+}
+
+void VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::setRenderPassKey(uint32_t renderPassKey) {
+    mBuffer << "\"render_pass\":" << renderPassKey << "," << std::endl;
+}
+
+void VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::setID(uint32_t key) {
+    std::stringstream temp;
+    temp << "pipeline_" << key << ".json";
+    temp >> mFileName;
+}
+
+VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::operator<<(
+        const VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo& inputAsm) {
+    mBuffer << "\"topology\":" << inputAsm.topology << "," << std::endl;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::operator<<(
+        const VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo& viewport) {
+    mBuffer << "\"viewport_count\":" << viewport.viewportCount << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"scissor_count\":" << viewport.scissorCount << "," << std::endl;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::operator<<(
+        const VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo& rasterState) {
+    mBuffer << "\"raster_states\":{" << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"depth_clamp_enable\":" << rasterState.depthClampEnable << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"polygon_mode\":" << rasterState.polygonMode << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"cull_mode\":" << rasterState.cullMode << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"front_face\":" << rasterState.frontFace << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"depth_bias_enable\":" << rasterState.depthBiasEnable << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"depth_bias_constant_factor\":" << rasterState.depthBiasConstantFactor << ","
+            << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"depth_bias_clamp\":" << rasterState.depthBiasClamp << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"depth_bias_slope_factor\":" << rasterState.depthBiasSlopeFactor << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"line_width\":" << rasterState.lineWidth << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "}," << std::endl;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::operator<<(
+        const VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo& depthStencil) {
+    mBuffer << "\"depth_stencil_states\":{" << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"depth_test_enable\":" << depthStencil.depthTestEnable << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"depth_write_enable\":" << depthStencil.depthWriteEnable << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"depth_compare_op\":" << depthStencil.depthCompareOp << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"depth_bounds_test_enable\":" << depthStencil.depthBoundsTestEnable << ","
+            << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"min_depth_bounds\":" << depthStencil.minDepthBounds << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"max_depth_bounds\":" << depthStencil.maxDepthBounds << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"front\":{" << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"fail_op\":" << depthStencil.front.failOp << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"pass_op\":" << depthStencil.front.passOp << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"depth_fail_op\":" << depthStencil.front.depthFailOp << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"compare_op\":" << depthStencil.front.compareOp << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"compare_mask\":" << depthStencil.front.compareMask << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"write_mask\":" << depthStencil.front.writeMask << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"reference\":" << depthStencil.front.reference << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "}," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"back\":{" << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"fail_op\":" << depthStencil.back.failOp << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"pass_op\":" << depthStencil.back.passOp << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"depth_fail_op\":" << depthStencil.back.depthFailOp << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"compare_op\":" << depthStencil.back.compareOp << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"compare_mask\":" << depthStencil.back.compareMask << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"write_mask\":" << depthStencil.back.writeMask << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"reference\":" << depthStencil.back.reference << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "}" << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "}," << std::endl;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::operator<<(
+        const VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo& multiSample) {
+    mBuffer << "\"multisample_states\":{" << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"rasterization_samples\":" << multiSample.rasterizationSamples << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"sample_shading_enable\":" << multiSample.sampleShadingEnable << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"min_sample_shading\":" << multiSample.minSampleShading << "," << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"alpha_to_coverage_enable\":" << multiSample.alphaToCoverageEnable << ","
+            << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "\"alpha_to_one_enable\":" << multiSample.alphaToOneEnable << std::endl;
+    mBuffer << "}," << std::endl;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::operator<<(
+        const VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo& dyStates) {
+    mBuffer << "\"dynamic_states\":[" << std::endl;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dyStates.dynamicStateCount; ++i) {
+        mBuffer << dyStates.pDynamicStates[i];
+        if (i < dyStates.dynamicStateCount - 1) {
+            mBuffer << ",";
+        }
+        mBuffer << std::endl;
+    }
+    mBuffer << "]," << std::endl;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::operator<<(
+        const VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo& blendStateInfo) {
+    mBuffer << "\"color_blend_state_attachments\":[" << std::endl;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < blendStateInfo.attachmentCount; ++i) {
+        mBuffer << "{" << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"blend_enable\":" << blendStateInfo.pAttachments[i].blendEnable << ","
+                << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"src_color_blend_factor\":" << blendStateInfo.pAttachments[i].srcColorBlendFactor
+                << ","
+                << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"dst_color_blend_factor\":" << blendStateInfo.pAttachments[i].dstColorBlendFactor
+                << ","
+                << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"color_blend_op\":" << blendStateInfo.pAttachments[i].colorBlendOp << ","
+                << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"src_alpha_blend_factor\":" << blendStateInfo.pAttachments[i].srcAlphaBlendFactor
+                << ","
+                << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"dst_alpha_blend_factor\":" << blendStateInfo.pAttachments[i].dstAlphaBlendFactor
+                << ","
+                << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"alpha_blend_op\":" << blendStateInfo.pAttachments[i].alphaBlendOp << ","
+                << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "\"color_write_mask\":" << blendStateInfo.pAttachments[i].colorWriteMask
+                << std::endl;
+        mBuffer << "}";
+        if (i < blendStateInfo.attachmentCount - 1) {
+            mBuffer << ",";
+        }
+        mBuffer << std::endl;
+    }
+    mBuffer << "]," << std::endl;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::operator<<(
+        const ShaderStageInfo& shaderStages) {
+    mShaderStages.push_back(shaderStages);
+    return *this;
+}
+
+VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::operator<<(
+    const VkVertexInputAttributeDescription& attrib) {
+    mVtxAttribs.push_back(attrib);
+    return *this;
+}
+VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& VulkanPipelineStateSerializer::operator<<(
+    const VkVertexInputBindingDescription& binding) {
+    mVtxBindings.push_back(binding);
+    return *this;
+}
+}

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanPipelineStateSerializer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANPIPELINESTATESERIALIZER_H
+#define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANPIPELINESTATESERIALIZER_H
+
+#include "VulkanCommands.h"
+
+#include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
+#include <backend/TargetBufferInfo.h>
+
+#include <bluevk/BlueVK.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+
+// VulkanPipelineStateSerializer stores to a file the pipeline states.
+class VulkanPipelineStateSerializer {
+public:
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer(VulkanPipelineStateSerializer const&) = delete;
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& operator=(VulkanPipelineStateSerializer const&) = delete;
+
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer(const utils::CString& name);
+    ~VulkanPipelineStateSerializer();
+
+    void setID(uint32_t key);
+    void setPipelineLayoutKey(uint32_t pipelineLayoutKey);
+    void setRenderPassKey(uint32_t renderPassKey); 
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& operator<<(
+            const VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo& inputAsm);
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& operator<<(const VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo& viewport);
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& operator<<(const VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo& dyStates);
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& operator<<(
+            const VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo& rasterState);
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& operator<<(
+            const VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo& depthStencil);
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& operator<<(const VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo& multiSample);
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& operator<<(
+            const VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo& blendStateInfo);
+
+    struct ShaderStageInfo {
+        VkShaderStageFlagBits stage;
+        uint64_t module;
+        std::string mName;
+    };
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& operator<<(const ShaderStageInfo& shaderStages);
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& operator<<(
+            const VkVertexInputAttributeDescription& attrib);
+    VulkanPipelineStateSerializer& operator<<(const VkVertexInputBindingDescription& binding);
+
+private:
+    std::string mFileName;
+    std::stringstream mBuffer;
+
+    //temp data
+    utils::CString mProgramName;
+    std::vector<ShaderStageInfo> mShaderStages;
+    std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> mVtxAttribs;
+    std::vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription> mVtxBindings;
+};
+} // namespace filament::backend
+
+#endif //TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANPIPELINESTATESERIALIZER_H

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include "VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer.h"
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <utils/Panic.h>
+
+#include "VulkanConstants.h"
+#include "VulkanHandles.h"
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+// Vulkan functions often immediately dereference pointers, so it's fine to pass in a pointer
+// to a stack-allocated variable.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wreturn-stack-address"
+#endif
+
+using namespace bluevk;
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+
+VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer::VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer(
+        const VkRenderPassCreateInfo& info, uint32_t key) {
+    std::stringstream filename;
+    filename << "render_pass_" << key << ".json";
+
+    std::ofstream file(filename.str());
+    if (file.is_open()) {
+        std::stringstream buffer;
+        buffer << "{" << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"attachments\":[" << std::endl;
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < info.attachmentCount; ++i) {
+            buffer << "{" << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"flags\":" << info.pAttachments[i].flags << "," << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"format\":" << info.pAttachments[i].format << "," << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"samples\":" << info.pAttachments[i].samples << "," << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"load_op\":" << info.pAttachments[i].loadOp << "," << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"store_op\":" << info.pAttachments[i].storeOp << "," << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"stencil_load_op\":" << info.pAttachments[i].stencilLoadOp << "," << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"stencil_store_op\":" << info.pAttachments[i].stencilStoreOp << "," << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"initial_layout\":" << info.pAttachments[i].initialLayout << "," << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"final_layout\":" << info.pAttachments[i].finalLayout << std::endl;
+            buffer << "}";
+            if (i < info.attachmentCount - 1) {
+                buffer << ",";
+            }
+            buffer << std::endl;
+        }
+        buffer << "]," << std::endl;
+
+        buffer << "\"subpasses\":[" << std::endl;
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < info.subpassCount; ++i) {
+            buffer << "{" << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"flags\":" << info.pSubpasses[i].flags << "," << std::endl;
+            buffer << "\"pipeline_bind_point\":" << info.pSubpasses[i].pipelineBindPoint;
+            
+            //------------depth stencil-------------------
+            if (info.pSubpasses[i].pDepthStencilAttachment) {
+                buffer << "," << std::endl;
+                buffer << "\"depth_stencil_attachment\":{" << std::endl;
+                buffer << "\"attachement\":"
+                       << info.pSubpasses[i].pDepthStencilAttachment->attachment << ","
+                       << std::endl;
+                buffer << "\"layout\":" << info.pSubpasses[i].pDepthStencilAttachment->layout
+                       << std::endl;
+                buffer << "}";
+            }
+
+            //------------Resolve-------------------
+            if (info.pSubpasses[i].pResolveAttachments) {
+                buffer << "," << std::endl;
+                buffer << "\"resolve_attachments\":[" << std::endl;
+                for (uint32_t j = 0; j < info.pSubpasses[i].colorAttachmentCount; ++j) {
+                    buffer << "{" << std::endl;
+                    buffer << "\"attachement\":"
+                           << info.pSubpasses[i].pResolveAttachments[j].attachment << ","
+                           << std::endl;
+                    buffer << "\"layout\":" << info.pSubpasses[i].pResolveAttachments[j].layout
+                           << std::endl;
+                    buffer << "}" << std::endl;
+                    if (j < info.pSubpasses[i].colorAttachmentCount - 1) {
+                        buffer << ",";
+                    }
+                    buffer << std::endl;
+                }
+                buffer << "]";
+            }
+
+            //------------Color-------------------
+            if (info.pSubpasses[i].pColorAttachments) {
+                buffer << "," << std::endl;
+                buffer << "\"color_attachments\":[" << std::endl;
+                for (uint32_t j = 0; j < info.pSubpasses[i].colorAttachmentCount; ++j) {
+                    buffer << "{" << std::endl;
+                    buffer << "\"attachement\":"
+                           << info.pSubpasses[i].pColorAttachments[j].attachment << ","
+                           << std::endl;
+                    buffer << "\"layout\":" << info.pSubpasses[i].pColorAttachments[j].layout
+                           << std::endl;
+                    buffer << "}" << std::endl;
+                    if (j < info.pSubpasses[i].colorAttachmentCount - 1) {
+                        buffer << ",";
+                    }
+                    buffer << std::endl;
+                }
+                buffer << "]";
+            }
+
+            //------------Input-------------------
+            if (info.pSubpasses[i].pInputAttachments) {
+                buffer << "," << std::endl;
+                buffer << "\"input_attachments\":[" << std::endl;
+                for (uint32_t j = 0; j < info.pSubpasses[i].inputAttachmentCount; ++j) {
+                    buffer << "{" << std::endl;
+                    buffer << "\"attachement\":"
+                           << info.pSubpasses[i].pInputAttachments[j].attachment << ","
+                           << std::endl;
+                    buffer << "\"layout\":" << info.pSubpasses[i].pInputAttachments[j].layout
+                           << std::endl;
+                    buffer << "}" << std::endl;
+                    if (j < info.pSubpasses[i].inputAttachmentCount - 1) {
+                        buffer << ",";
+                    }
+                    buffer << std::endl;
+                }
+                buffer << "]" << std::endl;
+            }
+
+            buffer << "}";
+            if (i < info.subpassCount - 1) {
+                buffer << ",";
+            }
+            buffer << std::endl;
+        }
+        buffer << "]" << std::endl;
+
+        buffer << "}";
+        file << buffer.str();
+    }
+    file.close();
+}
+}

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANRENDERPASSSTATESERIALIZER_H
+#define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANRENDERPASSSTATESERIALIZER_H
+
+#include "VulkanCommands.h"
+
+#include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
+#include <backend/TargetBufferInfo.h>
+
+#include <bluevk/BlueVK.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+
+class VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer {
+public:
+    VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer(VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer const&) = delete;
+    VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer& operator=(VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer const&) = delete;
+
+    VulkanRenderPassStateSerializer(const VkRenderPassCreateInfo& info, uint32_t key);
+};
+} // namespace filament::backend
+
+#endif //TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANRENDERPASSSTATESERIALIZER_H

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanSamplerCache.cpp

@@ -21,12 +21,14 @@
 
 #include <utils/Panic.h>
 
+#include "VulkanSamplerStateSerializer.h"
+
 using namespace bluevk;
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
-VulkanSamplerCache::VulkanSamplerCache(VkDevice device)
-    : mDevice(device) {}
+VulkanSamplerCache::VulkanSamplerCache(VkDevice device, VulkanYcbcrConversionCache* conversionCache)
+    : mDevice(device), mConversionCache(conversionCache) {}
 
 VkSampler VulkanSamplerCache::getSampler(Params params) {
     auto iter = mCache.find(params);
@@ -57,11 +59,16 @@ VkSampler VulkanSamplerCache::getSampler(Params params) {
         .borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK,
         .unnormalizedCoordinates = VK_FALSE,
     };
+    VulkanSamplerStateSerializer samplerSer(params,
+            params.conversion != VK_NULL_HANDLE ? mConversionCache->getKey(params.conversion) : 0);
+
     VkSampler sampler;
     VkResult result = vkCreateSampler(mDevice, &samplerInfo, VKALLOC, &sampler);
     FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(result == VK_SUCCESS) << "Unable to create sampler."
                                                        << " error=" << static_cast<int32_t>(result);
     mCache.insert({ params, sampler });
+    SamplerHashFn hashFn;
+    mSamplerToKey[sampler] = hashFn(params);
     return sampler;
 }
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanSamplerCache.h

@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@
 #ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANSAMPLERCACHE_H
 #define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANSAMPLERCACHE_H
 
+#include "VulkanYcbcrConversionCache.h"
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
 
 #include <utils/Hash.h>
+#include <map>
 
 #include <bluevk/BlueVK.h>
 #include <tsl/robin_map.h>
@@ -37,11 +39,20 @@ public:
 
     static_assert(sizeof(Params) == 16);
 
-    explicit VulkanSamplerCache(VkDevice device);
+    explicit VulkanSamplerCache(VkDevice device, VulkanYcbcrConversionCache* conversionCache);
     VkSampler getSampler(Params params);
+    uint32_t getKey(VkSampler sampler) {
+        uint32_t key = 0;
+        auto iter = mSamplerToKey.find(sampler);
+        if (iter != mSamplerToKey.end()) {
+            key = iter->second;
+        }
+        return key;
+    }
     void terminate() noexcept;
 private:
     VkDevice mDevice;
+    VulkanYcbcrConversionCache* mConversionCache;
 
     struct SamplerEqualTo {
         bool operator()(Params lhs, Params rhs) const noexcept {
@@ -51,6 +62,7 @@ private:
     };
     using SamplerHashFn = utils::hash::MurmurHashFn<Params>;
     tsl::robin_map<Params, VkSampler, SamplerHashFn, SamplerEqualTo> mCache;
+    std::map<VkSampler, uint32_t> mSamplerToKey;
 };
 
 } // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanSamplerStateSerializer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "VulkanSamplerStateSerializer.h"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <utils/Hash.h>
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+VulkanYcbcrConversionSerializer::VulkanYcbcrConversionSerializer(
+        const VulkanYcbcrConversionCache::Params& params) {
+    using ConversionHashFn = utils::hash::MurmurHashFn<VulkanYcbcrConversionCache::Params>;
+    ConversionHashFn hashFn;
+    uint32_t key = hashFn(params);
+    std::stringstream filename;
+    filename << "ycbcr_conv_" << key << ".json";
+
+    std::ofstream file(filename.str());
+    if (file.is_open()) {
+        std::stringstream buffer;
+        auto const& chroma = params.conversion;
+        buffer << "{" << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"format\":" << params.format << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"external_format\":" << params.externalFormat << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"ycbcr_model\":" << uint8_t(chroma.ycbcrModel) << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"ycbcr_range\":" << uint8_t(chroma.ycbcrRange) << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"swizzle_array\":[" << uint8_t(chroma.r) << "," << uint8_t(chroma.g) << ","
+               << uint8_t(chroma.b) << "," << uint8_t(chroma.a) << "]," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"x_chroma_offset\":" << uint8_t(chroma.xChromaOffset) << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"y_chroma_offset\":" << uint8_t(chroma.yChromaOffset) << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"chroma_filter\":" << uint8_t(chroma.chromaFilter) << std::endl;
+        buffer << "}" << std::endl;
+
+        file << buffer.str();
+    }
+    file.close();
+}
+
+VulkanSamplerStateSerializer::VulkanSamplerStateSerializer(const VulkanSamplerCache::Params& params, uint32_t ycbcr_conv_key) {
+    using ConversionHashFn = utils::hash::MurmurHashFn<VulkanSamplerCache::Params>;
+    ConversionHashFn hashFn;
+    uint32_t key = hashFn(params);
+    std::stringstream filename;
+    filename << "sampler_" << key << ".json";
+
+    std::ofstream file(filename.str());
+    if (file.is_open()) {
+        std::stringstream buffer;
+        auto const& samplerParams = params.sampler;
+        buffer << "{" << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"filter_mag\":" << uint32_t(samplerParams.filterMag) << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"filter_min\":" << uint32_t(samplerParams.filterMin) << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"wrap_s\":" << uint32_t(samplerParams.wrapS) << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"wrap_t\":" << uint32_t(samplerParams.wrapT) << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"wrap_r\":" << uint32_t(samplerParams.wrapR) << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"anisotropy_log2\":" << uint32_t(samplerParams.anisotropyLog2) << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"compare_mode\":" << uint32_t(samplerParams.compareMode) << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"compare_func\":" << uint32_t(samplerParams.compareFunc) << "," << std::endl;
+        buffer << "\"ycbcr_conv_key\":" << ycbcr_conv_key << std::endl;
+        buffer << "}" << std::endl;
+
+        file << buffer.str();
+    }
+    file.close();
+}
+
+} // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanSamplerStateSerializer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANSAMPLERSTATESERIALIZER_H
+#define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANSAMPLERSTATESERIALIZER_H
+
+#include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
+#include "VulkanYcbcrConversionCache.h"
+#include "VulkanSamplerCache.h"
+
+#include <bluevk/BlueVK.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+
+class VulkanYcbcrConversionSerializer {
+public:
+    VulkanYcbcrConversionSerializer(VulkanYcbcrConversionSerializer const&) = delete;
+    VulkanYcbcrConversionSerializer& operator=(VulkanYcbcrConversionSerializer const&) = delete;
+
+    VulkanYcbcrConversionSerializer(const VulkanYcbcrConversionCache::Params& params);
+};
+        // VulkanPipelineStateSerializer stores to a file the pipeline states.
+class VulkanSamplerStateSerializer {
+public:
+    VulkanSamplerStateSerializer(VulkanSamplerStateSerializer const&) = delete;
+    VulkanSamplerStateSerializer& operator=(VulkanSamplerStateSerializer const&) = delete;
+
+    VulkanSamplerStateSerializer(const VulkanSamplerCache::Params& params, uint32_t ycbcr_conv_key);
+};
+}
+
+#endif //TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANSAMPLERSTATESERIALIZER_H

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanSwapChain.h

@@ -90,14 +90,6 @@ struct VulkanSwapChain : public HwSwapChain, fvkmemory::Resource {
         mFrameScheduled.callback = std::make_shared<FrameScheduledCallback>(std::move(callback));
     }
 
-    bool queryCompositorTiming(CompositorTiming* outCompositorTiming) const {
-        return mPlatform->queryCompositorTiming(swapChain, outCompositorTiming);
-    }
-
-    bool queryFrameTimestamps(uint64_t frameId, FrameTimestamps* outFrameTimestamps) const {
-        return mPlatform->queryFrameTimestamps(swapChain, frameId, outFrameTimestamps);
-    }
-
 private:
 	static constexpr int IMAGE_READY_SEMAPHORE_COUNT = FVK_MAX_COMMAND_BUFFERS;
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanYcbcrConversionCache.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "VulkanYcbcrConversionCache.h"
+#include "VulkanSamplerStateSerializer.h"
 
 #include "vulkan/VulkanConstants.h"
 #include "vulkan/utils/Conversion.h"
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ VkSamplerYcbcrConversion VulkanYcbcrConversionCache::getConversion(
         .yChromaOffset = fvkutils::getChromaLocation(chroma.yChromaOffset),
         .chromaFilter = fvkutils::getFilter(chroma.chromaFilter),
     };
+    VulkanYcbcrConversionSerializer ycbcr_ser(params);
 
     // We could put this in the platform class, but that seems like a bit of an overkill
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
@@ -73,6 +75,8 @@ VkSamplerYcbcrConversion VulkanYcbcrConversionCache::getConversion(
                                                        << " error=" << static_cast<int32_t>(result);
 
     mCache.insert({ params, conversion });
+    ConversionHashFn hashFn;
+    mConversionToKey[conversion] = hashFn(params);
     return conversion;
 }
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanYcbcrConversionCache.h

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #include <bluevk/BlueVK.h>
 #include <tsl/robin_map.h>
+#include <map>
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
@@ -40,6 +41,14 @@ public:
 
     explicit VulkanYcbcrConversionCache(VkDevice device);
     VkSamplerYcbcrConversion getConversion(Params params);
+    uint32_t getKey(VkSamplerYcbcrConversion conv) { 
+        uint32_t key = 0;
+        auto iter = mConversionToKey.find(conv);
+        if (iter != mConversionToKey.end()) {
+            key = iter->second;
+        }
+        return key;
+    }
     void terminate() noexcept;
 
 private:
@@ -54,6 +63,7 @@ private:
     };
     using ConversionHashFn = utils::hash::MurmurHashFn<Params>;
     tsl::robin_map<Params, VkSamplerYcbcrConversion, ConversionHashFn, ConversionEqualTo> mCache;
+    std::map<VkSamplerYcbcrConversion, uint32_t> mConversionToKey;
 };
 
 } // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatform.cpp

@@ -1022,13 +1022,4 @@ VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits VulkanPlatform::getFenceExportFlags() const no
     return static_cast<VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits>(0);
 }
 
-ExtensionSet VulkanPlatform::getSwapchainInstanceExtensions() const {
-    return getSwapchainInstanceExtensionsImpl();
-}
-
-VulkanPlatform::SurfaceBundle VulkanPlatform::createVkSurfaceKHR(void* nativeWindow,
-        VkInstance instance, uint64_t flags) const noexcept {
-    return createVkSurfaceKHRImpl(nativeWindow, instance, flags);
-}
-
-}// namespace filament::backend
+} // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformAndroid.cpp

@@ -502,13 +502,4 @@ bool VulkanPlatformAndroid::queryFrameTimestamps(SwapChain const* swapchain, uin
     return vulkanSwapchain->queryFrameTimestamps(frameId, outFrameTimestamps);
 }
 
-
-// Deprecated platform dependent helper methods
-VulkanPlatform::ExtensionSet VulkanPlatform::getSwapchainInstanceExtensionsImpl() { return {}; }
-
-VulkanPlatform::SurfaceBundle VulkanPlatform::createVkSurfaceKHRImpl(void* nativeWindow,
-        VkInstance instance, uint64_t flags) noexcept {
-    return SurfaceBundle{};
-}
-
 } // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformApple.mm

@@ -14,10 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h>
+#include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformApple.h>
 
 #include "vulkan/VulkanConstants.h"
-#include "vulkan/VulkanDriverFactory.h"
 
 #include <utils/Panic.h>
 
@@ -36,15 +35,15 @@ using namespace bluevk;
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
-VulkanPlatform::ExtensionSet VulkanPlatform::getSwapchainInstanceExtensionsImpl() {
+VulkanPlatform::ExtensionSet VulkanPlatformApple::getSwapchainInstanceExtensions() const {
     ExtensionSet const ret = {
         VK_EXT_METAL_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
     };
     return ret;
 }
 
-VulkanPlatform::SurfaceBundle VulkanPlatform::createVkSurfaceKHRImpl(void* nativeWindow,
-        VkInstance instance, uint64_t flags) noexcept {
+VulkanPlatform::SurfaceBundle VulkanPlatformApple::createVkSurfaceKHR(void* nativeWindow,
+        VkInstance instance, uint64_t flags) const noexcept {
     VkSurfaceKHR surface;
     CAMetalLayer* mlayer = (__bridge CAMetalLayer*) nativeWindow;
     FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(mlayer) << "Unable to obtain Metal-backed layer.";

filament/backend/src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformLinux.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,11 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h>
+#include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformLinux.h>
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
 
 #include "vulkan/VulkanConstants.h"
-#include "vulkan/VulkanDriverFactory.h"
 
 #include <utils/Panic.h>
 
@@ -74,17 +73,13 @@
             void* library = nullptr;
         } g_x11_vk;
     }// anonymous namespace
-#elif defined(WIN32)
-    // No platform specific includes
-#else
-    // Not a supported Vulkan platform
 #endif
 
 using namespace bluevk;
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
-VulkanPlatform::ExtensionSet VulkanPlatform::getSwapchainInstanceExtensionsImpl() {
+VulkanPlatform::ExtensionSet VulkanPlatformLinux::getSwapchainInstanceExtensions() const {
     VulkanPlatform::ExtensionSet const ret = {
 #if defined(__linux__) && defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WAYLAND)
         VK_KHR_WAYLAND_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
@@ -95,15 +90,13 @@ VulkanPlatform::ExtensionSet VulkanPlatform::getSwapchainInstanceExtensionsImpl(
     #if defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_XLIB)
         VK_KHR_XLIB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
     #endif
-#elif defined(WIN32)
-        VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
 #endif
     };
     return ret;
 }
 
-VulkanPlatform::SurfaceBundle VulkanPlatform::createVkSurfaceKHRImpl(void* nativeWindow,
-        VkInstance instance, uint64_t flags) noexcept {
+VulkanPlatform::SurfaceBundle VulkanPlatformLinux::createVkSurfaceKHR(void* nativeWindow,
+        VkInstance instance, uint64_t flags) const noexcept {
     VkSurfaceKHR surface;
 
     // On certain platforms, the extent of the surface cannot be queried from Vulkan. In those
@@ -182,26 +175,6 @@ VulkanPlatform::SurfaceBundle VulkanPlatform::createVkSurfaceKHRImpl(void* nativ
                         << "vkCreateXlibSurfaceKHR error=" << static_cast<int32_t>(result);
             }
         #endif
-    #elif defined(WIN32)
-        // On (at least) NVIDIA drivers, the Vulkan implementation (specifically the call to
-        // vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR()) does not correctly handle the fact that
-        // each native window has its own DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT, and erroneously uses the context
-        // of the calling thread. As a workaround, we set the current thread's DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT
-        // to that of the native window we've been given. This isn't a perfect solution, because an
-        // application could create swap chains on multiple native windows with varying DPI-awareness,
-        // but even then, at least one of the windows would be guaranteed to work correctly.
-        SetThreadDpiAwarenessContext(GetWindowDpiAwarenessContext((HWND) nativeWindow));
-
-        VkWin32SurfaceCreateInfoKHR const createInfo = {
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WIN32_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
-            .hinstance = GetModuleHandle(nullptr),
-            .hwnd = (HWND) nativeWindow,
-        };
-        VkResult const result = vkCreateWin32SurfaceKHR(instance, &createInfo, nullptr,
-                (VkSurfaceKHR*) &surface);
-        FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(result == VK_SUCCESS)
-                << "vkCreateWin32SurfaceKHR failed."
-                << " error=" << static_cast<int32_t>(result);
 #endif
         return std::make_tuple(surface, extent);
 }

filament/backend/src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformSwapChainImpl.cpp

@@ -408,7 +408,6 @@ VkResult VulkanPlatformSurfaceSwapChain::recreate() {
 }
 
 void VulkanPlatformSurfaceSwapChain::destroy() {
-    VulkanPlatformSwapChainBase::destroy();
     // The next part is not ideal. We don't have a good signal on when it's ok to destroy
     // a swapchain. This is a spec oversight and mentioned as much:
     // https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Docs/issues/1678
@@ -425,6 +424,8 @@ void VulkanPlatformSurfaceSwapChain::destroy() {
     // phone). If necessary, we can revisit and implement the workaround [1].
     vkQueueWaitIdle(mQueue);
 
+    VulkanPlatformSwapChainBase::destroy();
+
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < IMAGE_READY_SEMAPHORE_COUNT; ++i) {
         if (mImageReady[i] != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
             vkDestroySemaphore(mDevice, mImageReady[i], VKALLOC);
@@ -475,7 +476,6 @@ VkResult VulkanPlatformHeadlessSwapChain::acquire(VulkanPlatform::ImageSyncData*
 }
 
 void VulkanPlatformHeadlessSwapChain::destroy() {
-    VulkanPlatformSwapChainBase::destroy();
     // This is only ever called from the destructor since headless does not recreate.
     for (auto image: mSwapChainBundle.colors) {
         vkDestroyImage(mDevice, image, VKALLOC);
@@ -485,7 +485,10 @@ void VulkanPlatformHeadlessSwapChain::destroy() {
         }
     }
     mSwapChainBundle.colors.clear();
-    // No need to manually call through to the super because the super's destructor will be called
+
+    // Still need to call through to free the depth image.  But must do it after releasing the color
+    // images.
+    VulkanPlatformSwapChainBase::destroy();
 }
 
 }// namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformSwapChainImpl.h

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ struct VulkanPlatformSwapChainBase : public Platform::SwapChain {
     virtual bool queryFrameTimestamps(uint64_t frameId, FrameTimestamps* outFrameTimestamps) const;
 
 protected:
-    virtual void destroy() = 0;
+    virtual void destroy();
 
     VkImage createImage(VkExtent2D extent, VkFormat format, bool isProtected);
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatformWindows.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformWindows.h>
+#include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
+
+#include "vulkan/VulkanConstants.h"
+
+#include <utils/Panic.h>
+
+#include <bluevk/BlueVK.h>
+
+#include <tuple>
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#if defined(WIN32)
+    #include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+using namespace bluevk;
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+
+VulkanPlatform::ExtensionSet VulkanPlatformWindows::getSwapchainInstanceExtensions() const {
+    VulkanPlatform::ExtensionSet const ret = {
+        VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
+    };
+    return ret;
+}
+
+VulkanPlatform::SurfaceBundle VulkanPlatformWindows::createVkSurfaceKHR(void* nativeWindow,
+        VkInstance instance, uint64_t flags) const noexcept {
+    VkSurfaceKHR surface;
+    VkExtent2D extent;
+
+    // On (at least) NVIDIA drivers, the Vulkan implementation (specifically the call to
+    // vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR()) does not correctly handle the fact that
+    // each native window has its own DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT, and erroneously uses the context
+    // of the calling thread. As a workaround, we set the current thread's DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT
+    // to that of the native window we've been given. This isn't a perfect solution, because an
+    // application could create swap chains on multiple native windows with varying DPI-awareness,
+    // but even then, at least one of the windows would be guaranteed to work correctly.
+    SetThreadDpiAwarenessContext(GetWindowDpiAwarenessContext((HWND) nativeWindow));
+
+    VkWin32SurfaceCreateInfoKHR const createInfo = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WIN32_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+        .hinstance = GetModuleHandle(nullptr),
+        .hwnd = (HWND) nativeWindow,
+    };
+    VkResult const result = vkCreateWin32SurfaceKHR(instance, &createInfo, nullptr,
+            (VkSurfaceKHR*) &surface);
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(result == VK_SUCCESS)
+            << "vkCreateWin32SurfaceKHR failed."
+            << " error=" << static_cast<int32_t>(result);
+    return std::make_tuple(surface, VkExtent2D{});
+}
+
+} // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUDriver.cpp

@@ -675,6 +675,10 @@ void WebGPUDriver::destroyFence(Handle<HwFence> fenceHandle) {
     }
 }
 
+void WebGPUDriver::fenceCancel(FenceHandle fh) {
+    // it's okay to implement cancel as a no-op, because not all API support truly canceling.
+}
+
 FenceStatus WebGPUDriver::getFenceStatus(Handle<HwFence> fenceHandle) {
     const auto fence = handleCast<WebGPUFence>(fenceHandle);
     if (!fence) {

filament/backend/test/test_Handles.cpp

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ TEST(HandlesTest, useAfterFreePool) {
     HandleAllocatorTest allocator("Test Handles", POOL_SIZE_BYTES);
 
     Handle<MyHandle> handleA = allocator.allocate<Concrete>();
-    allocator.deallocate(handleA);
+    allocator.deallocate<Concrete>(handleA);
 
     Handle<MyHandle> handleB = allocator.allocate<Concrete>();
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ TEST(HandlesTest, useAfterFreeHeap) {
     // This one is guaranteed to be a heap handle.
     Handle<MyHandle> handleA = allocator.allocate<Concrete>();
     EXPECT_TRUE(handleA.getId() & HANDLE_HEAP_FLAG);
-    allocator.deallocate(handleA);
+    allocator.deallocate<Concrete>(handleA);
 
     Handle<MyHandle> handleB = allocator.allocate<Concrete>();
 

filament/include/filament/Camera.h

@@ -243,10 +243,10 @@ public:
     /** Utility to set the projection matrix from the field-of-view.
      *
      * @param fovInDegrees full field-of-view in degrees. 0 < \p fov < 180.
-     * @param aspect       aspect ratio \f$ \frac{width}{height} \f$. \p aspect > 0.
-     * @param near         distance in world units from the camera to the near plane. \p near > 0.
-     * @param far          distance in world units from the camera to the far plane. \p far > \p near.
-     * @param direction    direction of the \p fovInDegrees parameter.
+     * @param aspect    aspect ratio \f$ \frac{width}{height} \f$. \p aspect > 0.
+     * @param near      distance in world units from the camera to the near plane. \p near > 0.
+     * @param far       distance in world units from the camera to the far plane. \p far > \p near.
+     * @param direction direction of the \p fovInDegrees parameter.
      *
      * @see Fov.
      */
@@ -256,9 +256,9 @@ public:
     /** Utility to set the projection matrix from the focal length.
      *
      * @param focalLengthInMillimeters lens's focal length in millimeters. \p focalLength > 0.
-     * @param aspect      aspect ratio \f$ \frac{width}{height} \f$. \p aspect > 0.
-     * @param near        distance in world units from the camera to the near plane. \p near > 0.
-     * @param far         distance in world units from the camera to the far plane. \p far > \p near.
+     * @param aspect    aspect ratio \f$ \frac{width}{height} \f$. \p aspect > 0.
+     * @param near      distance in world units from the camera to the near plane. \p near > 0.
+     * @param far       distance in world units from the camera to the far plane. \p far > \p near.
      */
     void setLensProjection(double focalLengthInMillimeters,
             double aspect, double near, double far);
@@ -270,8 +270,8 @@ public:
      * that is all 3 axis are mapped to [-1, 1].
      *
      * @param projection  custom projection matrix used for rendering and culling
-     * @param near        distance in world units from the camera to the near plane. \p near > 0.
-     * @param far         distance in world units from the camera to the far plane. \p far > \p near.
+     * @param near      distance in world units from the camera to the near plane.
+     * @param far       distance in world units from the camera to the far plane. \p far != \p near.
      */
     void setCustomProjection(math::mat4 const& projection, double near, double far) noexcept;
 
@@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ public:
      *
      * @param projection  custom projection matrix used for rendering
      * @param projectionForCulling  custom projection matrix used for culling
-     * @param near        distance in world units from the camera to the near plane. \p near > 0.
-     * @param far         distance in world units from the camera to the far plane. \p far > \p near.
+     * @param near      distance in world units from the camera to the near plane.
+     * @param far       distance in world units from the camera to the far plane. \p far != \p near.
      */
     void setCustomProjection(math::mat4 const& projection, math::mat4 const& projectionForCulling,
             double near, double far) noexcept;

filament/include/filament/View.h

@@ -541,6 +541,14 @@ public:
      */
     DynamicResolutionOptions getDynamicResolutionOptions() const noexcept;
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the last dynamic resolution scale factor used by this view. This value is updated
+     * when Renderer::render(View*) is called
+     * @return a float2 where x is the horizontal and y the vertical scale factor.
+     * @see Renderer::render
+     */
+    math::float2 getLastDynamicResolutionScale() const noexcept;
+
     /**
      * Sets the rendering quality for this view. Refer to RenderQuality for more
      * information about the different settings available.

filament/src/Camera.cpp

@@ -16,14 +16,30 @@
 
 #include "details/Camera.h"
 
+#include <filament/Camera.h>
+
 #include <math/mat4.h>
 
+#include <utils/Panic.h>
+
+#include <math/vec2.h>
+#include <math/vec3.h>
+#include <math/vec4.h>
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
 namespace filament {
 
 using namespace math;
 
-void Camera::setProjection(double const fovInDegrees, double const aspect, double const near, double const far,
-        Fov const direction) {
+void Camera::setProjection(double const fovInDegrees, double const aspect,
+        double const near, double const far, Fov const direction) {
+
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(near > 0 && far > near)
+            << "Camera preconditions not met in setProjection(): near <= 0 or far <= near, near="
+            << near << ", far=" << far;
+
     setCustomProjection(
             projection(direction, fovInDegrees, aspect, near),
             projection(direction, fovInDegrees, aspect, near, far),
@@ -32,6 +48,11 @@ void Camera::setProjection(double const fovInDegrees, double const aspect, doubl
 
 void Camera::setLensProjection(double const focalLengthInMillimeters,
         double const aspect, double const near, double const far) {
+
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(near > 0 && far > near)
+        << "Camera preconditions not met in setLensProjection(): near <= 0 or far <= near, near="
+        << near << ", far=" << far;
+
     setCustomProjection(
             projection(focalLengthInMillimeters, aspect, near),
             projection(focalLengthInMillimeters, aspect, near, far),
@@ -149,8 +170,9 @@ utils::Entity Camera::getEntity() const noexcept {
     return downcast(this)->getEntity();
 }
 
-void Camera::setExposure(float const aperture, float const shutterSpeed, float const ISO) noexcept {
-    downcast(this)->setExposure(aperture, shutterSpeed, ISO);
+void Camera::setExposure(
+        float const aperture, float const shutterSpeed, float const sensitivity) noexcept {
+    downcast(this)->setExposure(aperture, shutterSpeed, sensitivity);
 }
 
 float Camera::getAperture() const noexcept {
@@ -177,7 +199,8 @@ double Camera::getFocalLength() const noexcept {
     return downcast(this)->getFocalLength();
 }
 
-double Camera::computeEffectiveFocalLength(double const focalLength, double const focusDistance) noexcept {
+double Camera::computeEffectiveFocalLength(
+        double const focalLength, double const focusDistance) noexcept {
     return FCamera::computeEffectiveFocalLength(focalLength, focusDistance);
 }
 

filament/src/FrameInfo.cpp

@@ -47,9 +47,10 @@ namespace filament {
 using namespace utils;
 using namespace backend;
 
-FrameInfoManager::FrameInfoManager(DriverApi& driver) noexcept
+FrameInfoManager::FrameInfoManager(FEngine& engine, DriverApi& driver) noexcept
     : mJobQueue("FrameInfoGpuComplete", JobSystem::Priority::URGENT_DISPLAY),
-      mHasTimerQueries(driver.isFrameTimeSupported()) {
+      mHasTimerQueries(driver.isFrameTimeSupported()),
+      mDisableGpuFrameComplete(engine.features.engine.frame_info.disable_gpu_frame_complete_metric) {
     if (mHasTimerQueries) {
         for (auto& query : mQueries) {
             query.handle = driver.createTimerQuery();
@@ -68,24 +69,29 @@ void FrameInfoManager::terminate(FEngine& engine) noexcept {
         }
     }
 
-    // Destroy the fences that are still alive, they will error out.
-    for (size_t i = 0, c = mFrameTimeHistory.size(); i < c; i++) {
-        auto& info = mFrameTimeHistory[i];
-        if (info.fence) {
-            driver.destroyFence(std::move(info.fence));
+    if (!mDisableGpuFrameComplete) {
+        // remove all pending callbacks. This is okay to do because they have no
+        // side effect.
+        mJobQueue.cancelAll();
+
+        // request cancel for all the fences, which may speed up drainAndExit() below
+        for (auto& info : mFrameTimeHistory) {
+            if (info.fence) {
+                driver.fenceCancel(info.fence);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // wait for all pending callbacks to be called & terminate the thread
+        mJobQueue.drainAndExit();
+
+        // Destroy the fences that are still alive, they will error out.
+        for (size_t i = 0, c = mFrameTimeHistory.size(); i < c; i++) {
+            auto& info = mFrameTimeHistory[i];
+            if (info.fence) {
+                driver.destroyFence(std::move(info.fence));
+            }
         }
     }
-
-    // for extra safety submit the current command buffer (because nothing else will while we
-    // wait in drainAndExit()), this is in case the backend is already waiting on a h/w fence
-    // e.g. vkWaitForFences().
-    driver.flush();
-
-    // make sure the driver commands above will be processed
-    engine.flush();
-
-    // wait for all pending callbacks to be called & terminate the thread
-    mJobQueue.drainAndExit();
 }
 
 void FrameInfoManager::beginFrame(FSwapChain* swapChain, DriverApi& driver,
@@ -95,8 +101,10 @@ void FrameInfoManager::beginFrame(FSwapChain* swapChain, DriverApi& driver,
     auto& history = mFrameTimeHistory;
     // don't exceed the capacity, drop the oldest entry
     if (UTILS_LIKELY(history.size() == history.capacity())) {
-        assert_invariant(history.back().fence);
-        driver.destroyFence(std::move(history.back().fence));
+        if (!mDisableGpuFrameComplete) {
+            assert_invariant(history.back().fence);
+            driver.destroyFence(std::move(history.back().fence));
+        }
         history.pop_back();
     }
 
@@ -185,46 +193,51 @@ void FrameInfoManager::beginFrame(FSwapChain* swapChain, DriverApi& driver,
 }
 
 void FrameInfoManager::endFrame(DriverApi& driver) noexcept {
-    // create a Fence to capture the GPU complete time
-    FenceHandle const fence = driver.createFence();
-
     auto& front = mFrameTimeHistory.front();
-    front.fence = fence;
     front.endFrame = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
+    if (!mDisableGpuFrameComplete) {
+        // create a Fence to capture the GPU complete time
+        FenceHandle const fence = driver.createFence();
+        front.fence = fence;
+    }
+
     if (mHasTimerQueries) {
         // close the timer query
         driver.endTimerQuery(mQueries[mIndex].handle);
     }
 
     // queue custom backend command to query the current time
-    driver.queueCommand([&jobQueue = mJobQueue, &driver, &front] {
+    driver.queueCommand([&jobQueue = mJobQueue, &driver, &front,
+            disableGpuFrameComplete = mDisableGpuFrameComplete] {
         // backend frame end-time
         front.backendEndFrame = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
-        if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(!jobQueue.isValid())) {
+        if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(disableGpuFrameComplete || !jobQueue.isValid())) {
             front.gpuFrameComplete = {};
             front.ready.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
             return;
         }
 
-        // now launch a job that'll wait for the gpu to complete
-        jobQueue.push([&driver, &front] {
-            FenceStatus const status = driver.fenceWait(front.fence, FENCE_WAIT_FOR_EVER);
-            if (status == FenceStatus::CONDITION_SATISFIED) {
-                front.gpuFrameComplete = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-            } else if (status == FenceStatus::TIMEOUT_EXPIRED) {
-                // that should never happen because:
-                // - we wait forever
-                // - made sure that the createFence() command was processed on the backed
-                //   (because we're inside a custom command)
-            } else {
-                // We got an error, fenceWait might not be supported
-                front.gpuFrameComplete = {};
-            }
-            // finally, signal that the data is available
-            front.ready.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
-        });
+        if (!disableGpuFrameComplete) {
+            // now launch a job that'll wait for the gpu to complete
+            jobQueue.push([&driver, &front] {
+                FenceStatus const status = driver.fenceWait(front.fence, FENCE_WAIT_FOR_EVER);
+                if (status == FenceStatus::CONDITION_SATISFIED) {
+                    front.gpuFrameComplete = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+                } else if (status == FenceStatus::TIMEOUT_EXPIRED) {
+                    // that should never happen because:
+                    // - we wait forever
+                    // - made sure that the createFence() command was processed on the backed
+                    //   (because we're inside a custom command)
+                } else {
+                    // We got an error, fenceWait might not be supported
+                    front.gpuFrameComplete = {};
+                }
+                // finally, signal that the data is available
+                front.ready.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+            });
+        }
     });
 
     mIndex = (mIndex + 1) % POOL_COUNT;

filament/src/FrameInfo.h

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <chrono>
+#include <iterator>
 #include <ratio>
 #include <type_traits>
 
@@ -130,6 +131,41 @@ public:
     using reference = value_type&;
     using const_reference = value_type const&;
 
+private:
+    template<typename U>
+    class Iterator {
+    public:
+        using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+        using value_type = typename std::remove_const<T>::type;
+        using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+        using pointer = U*;
+        using reference = U&;
+        using QueuePtr = typename std::conditional<std::is_const<U>::value,
+                const CircularQueue*, CircularQueue*>::type;
+
+        Iterator() = default;
+        Iterator(QueuePtr queue, size_t pos) noexcept : mQueue(queue), mPos(pos) {}
+
+        // allow conversion from iterator to const_iterator
+        operator Iterator<const T>() const { return { mQueue, mPos }; }
+
+        reference operator*() const { return (*mQueue)[mPos]; }
+        pointer operator->() const { return &(*mQueue)[mPos]; }
+        Iterator& operator++() { ++mPos; return *this; }
+        Iterator operator++(int) { Iterator temp = *this; ++(*this); return temp; }
+
+        friend bool operator==(const Iterator& a, const Iterator& b) { return a.mQueue == b.mQueue && a.mPos == b.mPos; }
+        friend bool operator!=(const Iterator& a, const Iterator& b) { return !(a == b); }
+
+    private:
+        QueuePtr mQueue = nullptr;
+        size_t mPos = 0;
+    };
+
+public:
+    using iterator = Iterator<T>;
+    using const_iterator = Iterator<const T>;
+
     CircularQueue() = default;
 
     ~CircularQueue() {
@@ -162,6 +198,13 @@ public:
         return *this;
     }
 
+    iterator begin() noexcept { return iterator(this, 0); }
+    iterator end() noexcept { return iterator(this, size()); }
+    const_iterator begin() const noexcept { return const_iterator(this, 0); }
+    const_iterator end() const noexcept { return const_iterator(this, size()); }
+    const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept { return const_iterator(this, 0); }
+    const_iterator cend() const noexcept { return const_iterator(this, size()); }
+
     size_t capacity() const noexcept {
         return CAPACITY;
     }
@@ -211,7 +254,9 @@ public:
     }
 
     T const& operator[](size_t pos) const noexcept {
-        return const_cast<CircularQueue&>(*this)[pos];
+        assert_invariant(pos < size());
+        size_t const index = (mFront + CAPACITY - pos) % CAPACITY;
+        return *std::launder(reinterpret_cast<T const*>(&mStorage[index]));
     }
 
     T const& front() const noexcept {
@@ -256,7 +301,7 @@ public:
         uint32_t historySize;
     };
 
-    explicit FrameInfoManager(backend::DriverApi& driver) noexcept;
+    explicit FrameInfoManager(FEngine& engine, backend::DriverApi& driver) noexcept;
 
     ~FrameInfoManager() noexcept;
 
@@ -296,6 +341,7 @@ private:
     utils::AsyncJobQueue mJobQueue;
     FSwapChain* mLastSeenSwapChain = nullptr;
     bool const mHasTimerQueries = false;
+    bool const mDisableGpuFrameComplete = false;
 };
 
 

filament/src/Froxelizer.cpp

@@ -226,6 +226,8 @@ bool Froxelizer::prepare(
         filament::Viewport const& viewport,
         const mat4f& projection, float const projectionNear, float const projectionFar,
         float4 const& clipTransform) noexcept {
+    assert_invariant(projectionFar > projectionNear);
+    assert_invariant(projectionNear > 0);
     setViewport(viewport);
     setProjection(projection, projectionNear, projectionFar);
 
@@ -383,8 +385,28 @@ bool Froxelizer::update() noexcept {
     bool uniformsNeedUpdating = false;
 
     if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(mDirtyFlags & (OPTIONS_CHANGED|PROJECTION_CHANGED))) {
-        float const zLightFar  = clamp(mUserZLightFar, mNear, mFar);
-        float zLightNear = clamp(mUserZLightNear, mNear, mFar);
+
+        // sanitize the user's near/far
+        float zLightNear = mUserZLightNear;
+        float zLightFar = mUserZLightFar;
+        if (zLightFar == zLightNear) {
+            zLightNear = mNear;
+            zLightFar = mFar;
+        }
+        if (zLightFar < zLightNear) {
+            std::swap(zLightFar, zLightNear);
+        }
+        if (zLightNear < mNear || zLightNear >= mFar) {
+            zLightNear = mNear;
+        }
+        if (zLightFar > mFar || zLightFar <= mNear) {
+            zLightFar = mFar;
+        }
+
+        assert_invariant(zLightNear < zLightFar);
+        assert_invariant(zLightNear >= mNear && zLightNear <= mFar);
+        assert_invariant(zLightFar <= mFar && zLightNear >= mNear);
+
         zLightNear = std::min(zLightNear, zLightFar);
         if (zLightFar != mZLightFar || zLightNear != mZLightNear) {
             mDirtyFlags |= VIEWPORT_CHANGED;

filament/src/View.cpp

@@ -178,6 +178,10 @@ View::DynamicResolutionOptions View::getDynamicResolutionOptions() const noexcep
     return downcast(this)->getDynamicResolutionOptions();
 }
 
+math::float2 View::getLastDynamicResolutionScale() const noexcept {
+    return downcast(this)->getLastDynamicResolutionScale();
+}
+
 void View::setRenderQuality(const RenderQuality& renderQuality) noexcept {
     downcast(this)->setRenderQuality(renderQuality);
 }

filament/src/details/Camera.cpp

@@ -24,27 +24,35 @@
 #include <filament/Camera.h>
 
 #include <utils/compiler.h>
+#include <utils/debug.h>
 #include <utils/Panic.h>
 
 #include <math/scalar.h>
-
+#include <math/mat4.h>
 #include <math/vec2.h>
+#include <math/vec3.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
 
 using namespace filament::math;
 using namespace utils;
 
 namespace filament {
 
-static constexpr const float MIN_APERTURE = 0.5f;
-static constexpr const float MAX_APERTURE = 64.0f;
-static constexpr const float MIN_SHUTTER_SPEED = 1.0f / 25000.0f;
-static constexpr const float MAX_SHUTTER_SPEED = 60.0f;
-static constexpr const float MIN_SENSITIVITY = 10.0f;
-static constexpr const float MAX_SENSITIVITY = 204800.0f;
+static constexpr float MIN_APERTURE = 0.5f;
+static constexpr float MAX_APERTURE = 64.0f;
+static constexpr float MIN_SHUTTER_SPEED = 1.0f / 25000.0f;
+static constexpr float MAX_SHUTTER_SPEED = 60.0f;
+static constexpr float MIN_SENSITIVITY = 10.0f;
+static constexpr float MAX_SENSITIVITY = 204800.0f;
 
 FCamera::FCamera(FEngine& engine, Entity const e)
         : mEngine(engine),
           mEntity(e) {
+    setProjection(Projection::PERSPECTIVE, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.1, 1.0);
 }
 
 mat4 FCamera::projection(Fov const direction, double const fovInDegrees,
@@ -84,12 +92,16 @@ mat4 FCamera::projection(double const focalLengthInMillimeters,
  * All methods for setting the projection funnel through here
  */
 
-void UTILS_NOINLINE FCamera::setCustomProjection(mat4 const& p,
-        mat4 const& c, double const near, double const far) noexcept {
+void UTILS_NOINLINE FCamera::setCustomProjection(mat4 const& projection,
+        mat4 const& projectionForCulling, double const near, double const far) noexcept {
+
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(near != far)
+            << "Camera preconditions not met in setCustomProjection(): near = far = " << near;
+
     for (auto& eyeProjection: mEyeProjection) {
-        eyeProjection = p;
+        eyeProjection = projection;
     }
-    mProjectionForCulling = c;
+    mProjectionForCulling = projectionForCulling;
     mNear = near;
     mFar = far;
 }
@@ -97,10 +109,15 @@ void UTILS_NOINLINE FCamera::setCustomProjection(mat4 const& p,
 void UTILS_NOINLINE FCamera::setCustomEyeProjection(mat4 const* projection, size_t const count,
         mat4 const& projectionForCulling, double const near, double const far) {
     const Engine::Config& config = mEngine.getConfig();
+
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(near != far)
+            << "Camera preconditions not met in setCustomEyeProjection(): near = far = " << near;
+
     FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(count >= config.stereoscopicEyeCount)
             << "All eye projections must be supplied together, count must be >= "
                "config.stereoscopicEyeCount ("
             << config.stereoscopicEyeCount << ")";
+
     for (int i = 0; i < config.stereoscopicEyeCount; i++) {
         mEyeProjection[i] = projection[i];
     }
@@ -290,10 +307,10 @@ CameraInfo::CameraInfo(FCamera const& camera,
     model              = mat4f{ modelMatrix };
     view               = mat4f{ inverse(modelMatrix) };
     worldTransform     = inWorldTransform;
-    zn                 = (float)camera.getNear();
-    zf                 = (float)camera.getCullingFar();
+    zn                 = float(camera.getNear());
+    zf                 = float(camera.getCullingFar());
     ev100              = Exposure::ev100(camera);
-    f                  = (float)camera.getFocalLength();
+    f                  = float(camera.getFocalLength());
     A                  = f / camera.getAperture();
     d                  = std::max(zn, camera.getFocusDistance());
 }

filament/src/details/Engine.h

@@ -758,6 +758,9 @@ public:
                         CORRECTNESS_ASSERTION_DEFAULT;
                 bool assert_texture_can_generate_mipmap = CORRECTNESS_ASSERTION_DEFAULT;
             } debug;
+            struct {
+                bool disable_gpu_frame_complete_metric = false;
+            } frame_info;
         } engine;
         struct {
             struct {
@@ -829,6 +832,9 @@ public:
             { "material.enable_material_instance_uniform_batching",
               "Make all MaterialInstances share a common large uniform buffer and use sub-allocations within it.",
               &features.material.enable_material_instance_uniform_batching, false },
+            { "engine.frame_info.disable_gpu_complete_metric",
+              "Disable Renderer::FrameInfo::gpuFrameComplete reporting",
+              &features.engine.frame_info.disable_gpu_frame_complete_metric, false },
     }};
 
     utils::Slice<const FeatureFlag> getFeatureFlags() const noexcept {

filament/src/details/Renderer.cpp

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ FRenderer::FRenderer(FEngine& engine) :
         mEngine(engine),
         mFrameSkipper(),
         mRenderTargetHandle(engine.getDefaultRenderTarget()),
-        mFrameInfoManager(engine.getDriverApi()),
+        mFrameInfoManager(engine, engine.getDriverApi()),
         mHdrTranslucent(TextureFormat::RGBA16F),
         mHdrQualityMedium(TextureFormat::R11F_G11F_B10F),
         mHdrQualityHigh(TextureFormat::RGB16F),

filament/src/details/UboManager.cpp

@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@
 #include "details/BufferAllocator.h"
 
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
-
+#include <private/utils/Tracing.h>
 #include <utils/Logger.h>
 
+#include <vector>
+
 namespace filament {
 
 namespace {
@@ -33,6 +35,80 @@ using AllocationId = BufferAllocator::AllocationId;
 using allocation_size_t = BufferAllocator::allocation_size_t;
 } // anonymous namespace
 
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FenceManager
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void UboManager::FenceManager::track(DriverApi& driver, std::unordered_set<AllocationId>&& allocationIds) {
+    if (allocationIds.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    mFenceAllocationList.emplace_back(driver.createFence(), std::move(allocationIds));
+}
+
+void UboManager::FenceManager::reclaimCompletedResources(DriverApi& driver,
+        std::function<void(AllocationId)> const& onReclaimed) {
+    uint32_t signaledCount = 0;
+    bool seenSignaledFence = false;
+
+    // Iterate from the newest fence to the oldest.
+    for (auto it = mFenceAllocationList.rbegin(); it != mFenceAllocationList.rend(); ++it) {
+        const Handle<HwFence>& fence = it->first;
+        const FenceStatus status = driver.getFenceStatus(fence);
+
+        // If we have already seen a signaled fence, we can assume all older fences
+        // are also complete, regardless of their reported status (e.g., TIMEOUT_EXPIRED).
+        // This is guaranteed by the in-order execution of GPU command queues.
+        if (seenSignaledFence) {
+            signaledCount++;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+            if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(status != FenceStatus::CONDITION_SATISFIED)) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "A fence is either in an error state or hasn't signaled, but a newer "
+                                 "fence has. Will release the resource anyway.";
+            }
+#endif
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (status == FenceStatus::CONDITION_SATISFIED) {
+            seenSignaledFence = true;
+            signaledCount++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (signaledCount == 0) {
+        // No fences have completed, nothing to do.
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto firstToKeep = mFenceAllocationList.begin() + signaledCount;
+
+    // Invoke the callback for all resources protected by completed fences.
+    for (auto it = mFenceAllocationList.begin(); it != firstToKeep; ++it) {
+        for (const AllocationId& id : it->second) {
+            onReclaimed(id);
+        }
+        // Destroy the fence handle as it's no longer needed.
+        driver.destroyFence(std::move(it->first));
+    }
+
+    mFenceAllocationList.erase(mFenceAllocationList.begin(), firstToKeep);
+}
+
+void UboManager::FenceManager::reset(DriverApi& driver) {
+    for (auto& [fence, _] : mFenceAllocationList) {
+        if (fence) {
+            driver.destroyFence(std::move(fence));
+        }
+    }
+    mFenceAllocationList.clear();
+}
+
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// UboManager
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 UboManager::UboManager(DriverApi& driver, allocation_size_t defaultSlotSizeInBytes,
         allocation_size_t defaultTotalSizeInBytes)
         : mAllocator(defaultTotalSizeInBytes, defaultSlotSizeInBytes) {
@@ -41,17 +117,16 @@ UboManager::UboManager(DriverApi& driver, allocation_size_t defaultSlotSizeInByt
 
 void UboManager::beginFrame(DriverApi& driver,
         const std::unordered_map<const FMaterial*, ResourceList<FMaterialInstance>>& materialInstances) {
+    FILAMENT_TRACING_CALL(FILAMENT_TRACING_CATEGORY_FILAMENT);
     // Check finished frames and decrement GPU count accordingly.
-    checkFenceAndUnlockSlots(driver);
+    mFenceManager.reclaimCompletedResources(driver,
+            [this](AllocationId id) { mAllocator.releaseGpu(id); });
 
     // Actually merge the slots.
     mAllocator.releaseFreeSlots();
 
     // Traverse all MIs and see which of them need slot allocation.
-    AllocationResult allocationResult =
-            updateMaterialInstanceAllocations(materialInstances, ON_DEMAND);
-
-    if (allocationResult == SUCCESS) {
+    if (allocateOnDemand(materialInstances) == SUCCESS) {
         // No need to grow the buffer, so we can just map the buffer for writing and return.
         mMemoryMappedBufferHandle = driver.mapBuffer(mUbHandle, 0, mUboSize, MapBufferAccessFlags::WRITE_BIT,
                 "UboManager");
@@ -64,24 +139,20 @@ void UboManager::beginFrame(DriverApi& driver,
     reallocate(driver, requiredSize);
 
     // Allocate slots for each MI on the new Ubo.
-    UTILS_UNUSED_IN_RELEASE const AllocationResult needReallocationAgain =
-            updateMaterialInstanceAllocations(materialInstances, ALWAYS);
-    assert_invariant(needReallocationAgain != REALLOCATION_REQUIRED);
+    allocateAllInstances(materialInstances);
 
     // Map the buffer so that we can write to it
     mMemoryMappedBufferHandle =
             driver.mapBuffer(mUbHandle, 0, mUboSize, MapBufferAccessFlags::WRITE_BIT, "UboManager");
 
-    // Migrate all MI data to the new allocated slots.
+    // Invalidate the migrated MIs, so that next commit() call must be triggered.
     for (const auto& materialInstance : materialInstances) {
-        materialInstance.second.forEach([this, &driver](const FMaterialInstance* mi) {
+        materialInstance.second.forEach([](const FMaterialInstance* mi) {
             if (!mi->isUsingUboBatching()) {
                 return;
             }
 
-            const AllocationId allocationId = mi->getAllocationId();
-            assert_invariant(BufferAllocator::isValid(allocationId));
-            updateSlot(driver, allocationId, mi->getUniformBuffer().toBufferDescriptor(driver));
+            mi->getUniformBuffer().invalidate();
         });
     }
 }
@@ -113,17 +184,11 @@ void UboManager::endFrame(DriverApi& driver,
         });
     }
 
-    mFenceAllocationList.emplace_back( driver.createFence(), std::move(allocationIds) );
+    mFenceManager.track(driver, std::move(allocationIds));
 }
 
 void UboManager::terminate(DriverApi& driver) {
-    for (auto& [fence, _]: mFenceAllocationList) {
-        if (fence) {
-            driver.destroyFence(std::move(fence));
-        }
-    }
-    mFenceAllocationList.clear();
-
+    mFenceManager.reset(driver);
     driver.destroyBufferObject(mUbHandle);
 }
 
@@ -142,6 +207,66 @@ void UboManager::retireSlot(BufferAllocator::AllocationId id) {
     mAllocator.retire(id);
 }
 
+UboManager::AllocationResult UboManager::allocateOnDemand(
+        const std::unordered_map<const FMaterial*, ResourceList<FMaterialInstance>>&
+                materialInstances) {
+    // Collect all MIs that need allocation into two groups.
+    std::vector<FMaterialInstance*> newInstances;
+    std::vector<FMaterialInstance*> existingInstances;
+    for (const auto& [_, miList] : materialInstances) {
+        miList.forEach([&](FMaterialInstance* mi) {
+            if (!mi->isUsingUboBatching()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (BufferAllocator::isValid(mi->getAllocationId())) {
+                existingInstances.push_back(mi);
+            } else {
+                newInstances.push_back(mi);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    bool reallocationNeeded = false;
+
+    // Pass 1: Allocate slots for new material instances (that don't have a slot yet).
+    for (FMaterialInstance* mi : newInstances) {
+        auto [newId, newOffset] = mAllocator.allocate(mi->getUniformBuffer().getSize());
+        mi->assignUboAllocation(mUbHandle, newId, newOffset);
+        if (!BufferAllocator::isValid(newId)) {
+            reallocationNeeded = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Pass 2: Allocate slots for existing material instances that need to be orphaned.
+    for (FMaterialInstance* mi : existingInstances) {
+        if (mi->getUniformBuffer().isDirty() && mAllocator.isLockedByGpu(mi->getAllocationId())) {
+            mAllocator.retire(mi->getAllocationId());
+            auto [newId, newOffset] = mAllocator.allocate(mi->getUniformBuffer().getSize());
+            mi->assignUboAllocation(mUbHandle, newId, newOffset);
+            if (!BufferAllocator::isValid(newId)) {
+                reallocationNeeded = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return reallocationNeeded ? REALLOCATION_REQUIRED : SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void UboManager::allocateAllInstances(
+        const std::unordered_map<const FMaterial*, ResourceList<FMaterialInstance>>&
+                materialInstances) {
+    for (const auto& [_, miList] : materialInstances) {
+        miList.forEach([this](FMaterialInstance* mi) {
+            if (!mi->isUsingUboBatching()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            auto [newId, newOffset] = mAllocator.allocate(mi->getUniformBuffer().getSize());
+            assert_invariant(BufferAllocator::isValid(newId));
+            mi->assignUboAllocation(mUbHandle, newId, newOffset);
+        });
+    }
+}
+
 allocation_size_t UboManager::getTotalSize() const noexcept {
     return mUboSize;
 }
@@ -150,128 +275,13 @@ allocation_size_t UboManager::getAllocationOffset(AllocationId id) const {
     return mAllocator.getAllocationOffset(id);
 }
 
-void UboManager::checkFenceAndUnlockSlots(DriverApi& driver) {
-    uint32_t signaledCount = 0;
-    bool seenSignaledFence = false;
-
-    // Iterate from the newest fence to the oldest.
-    for (auto it = mFenceAllocationList.rbegin(); it != mFenceAllocationList.rend(); ++it) {
-        const Handle<HwFence>& fence = it->first;
-        const FenceStatus status = driver.getFenceStatus(fence);
-
-        // If we have already seen a signaled fence, we can assume all older fences
-        // are also complete, regardless of their reported status (e.g., TIMEOUT_EXPIRED).
-        // This is guaranteed by the in-order execution of GPU command queues.
-        if (seenSignaledFence) {
-            signaledCount++;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-            if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(status != FenceStatus::CONDITION_SATISFIED)) {
-                LOG(WARNING) << "A fence is either an error or hasn't signaled, but the new fence has "
-                          "been "
-                          "signaled. Will release the resource anyways."
-                       << io::endl;
-            }
-#endif
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (status == FenceStatus::CONDITION_SATISFIED) {
-            seenSignaledFence = true;
-            signaledCount++;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (signaledCount == 0) {
-        // No fences have completed, nothing to do.
-        return;
-    }
-
-    auto firstToKeep = mFenceAllocationList.begin() + signaledCount;
-
-    // Release GPU locks for all completed fences.
-    for (auto it = mFenceAllocationList.begin(); it != firstToKeep; ++it) {
-        for (const AllocationId& id: it->second) {
-            mAllocator.releaseGpu(id);
-        }
-        // Destroy the fence handle as it's no longer needed.
-        driver.destroyFence(std::move(it->first));
-    }
-
-    mFenceAllocationList.erase(mFenceAllocationList.begin(), firstToKeep);
-}
-
-UboManager::AllocationResult UboManager::updateMaterialInstanceAllocations(
-        const std::unordered_map<const FMaterial*, ResourceList<FMaterialInstance>>&
-                materialInstances,
-        AllocationMode allocationMode) {
-    AllocationResult result = SUCCESS;
-    for (const auto& materialInstance: materialInstances) {
-        materialInstance.second.forEach([this, &result, allocationMode](FMaterialInstance* mi) {
-            if (tryAllocateMaterialInstanceSlot(mi, mAllocator, mUbHandle, allocationMode) ==
-                    REALLOCATION_REQUIRED) {
-                result = REALLOCATION_REQUIRED;
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-UboManager::AllocationResult UboManager::tryAllocateMaterialInstanceSlot(FMaterialInstance* mi,
-        BufferAllocator& allocator, const Handle<HwBufferObject>& ubHandle,
-        AllocationMode allocationMode) {
-    if (!mi->isUsingUboBatching()) {
-        return SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    const AllocationId id = mi->getAllocationId();
-    auto allocateAndAssign = [&](AllocationId originalId) -> AllocationResult {
-        auto [newId, newOffset] = allocator.allocate(mi->getUniformBuffer().getSize());
-        // Special handling for instances that were previously UNALLOCATED:
-        // If the new allocation also fails, keep it UNALLOCATED to signal initial failure.
-        if (originalId == BufferAllocator::UNALLOCATED &&
-                newId == BufferAllocator::REALLOCATION_REQUIRED) {
-            newId = BufferAllocator::UNALLOCATED;
-        }
-
-        // Even if the allocation is not valid, we need to set it to let the following
-        // process knows.
-        mi->assignUboAllocation(ubHandle, newId, newOffset);
-
-        if (!BufferAllocator::isValid(newId)) {
-            return REALLOCATION_REQUIRED;
-        }
-        return SUCCESS;
-    };
-
-    if (!BufferAllocator::isValid(id) || allocationMode == ALWAYS) {
-        // The material instance is first time being allocated (if !isValid)
-        // or is being forcibly re-allocated (if ALWAYS).
-        return allocateAndAssign(id);
-    }
-
-    if (mi->getUniformBuffer().isDirty() && allocator.isLockedByGpu(id)) {
-        // If the uniform buffer is updated and the slot is still being locked by GPU,
-        // we will need to allocate a new slot to write the updated content.
-        // This is known as "orphaning".
-        allocator.retire(id);
-        return allocateAndAssign(id);
-    }
-    // Else, the slot is valid and no need to allocate a new slot.
-
-    return SUCCESS;
-}
-
 void UboManager::reallocate(DriverApi& driver, allocation_size_t requiredSize) {
+    FILAMENT_TRACING_CALL(FILAMENT_TRACING_CATEGORY_FILAMENT);
     if (mUbHandle) {
         driver.destroyBufferObject(mUbHandle);
     }
 
-    for (auto& [fence, allocations]: mFenceAllocationList) {
-        driver.destroyFence(std::move(fence));
-    }
-    mFenceAllocationList.clear();
-
+    mFenceManager.reset(driver);
     mAllocator.reset(requiredSize);
     mUboSize = requiredSize;
     mUbHandle = driver.createBufferObject(requiredSize, BufferObjectBinding::UNIFORM,

filament/src/details/UboManager.h

@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@
 #include <backend/Handle.h>
 #include <private/backend/DriverApi.h>
 
+#include <functional>
 #include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace filament {
 
@@ -40,6 +42,47 @@ class FMaterialInstance;
 // undefined behavior.
 class UboManager {
 public:
+    // This utility tracks resources that are in-use by the GPU across multiple frames.
+    // It uses backend fences to determine when the GPU has finished with a set of resources,
+    // allowing them to be safely reclaimed or reused.
+    //
+    // The typical usage is to `track()` a set of resources at the end of a frame and
+    // call `reclaimCompletedResources()` at the beginning of a future frame to free up
+    // resources from completed GPU work.
+    //
+    // This class is designed for single-threaded access.
+    class FenceManager {
+    public:
+        using AllocationId = BufferAllocator::AllocationId;
+
+        FenceManager() = default;
+        ~FenceManager() = default;
+
+        FenceManager(FenceManager const&) = delete;
+        FenceManager(FenceManager&&) = delete;
+
+
+        // Creates a new fence to track a set of allocation IDs for the current frame.
+        // This marks the beginning of GPU's usage of these resources.
+        void track(backend::DriverApi& driver, std::unordered_set<AllocationId>&& allocationIds);
+
+
+        // Checks all tracked fences and invokes a callback for resources associated with
+        // completed fences. This should be called once per frame.
+        void reclaimCompletedResources(backend::DriverApi& driver,
+                std::function<void(AllocationId)> const& onReclaimed);
+
+        // Destroys all tracked fences and clears the tracking list.
+        // This is used for cleanup during termination or major reallocations.
+        void reset(backend::DriverApi& driver);
+
+    private:
+        // Not ideal, but we need to know which slots to decrement gpuUseCount for each frame.
+        using FenceAndAllocations =
+                std::pair<backend::Handle<backend::HwFence>, std::unordered_set<AllocationId>>;
+        std::vector<FenceAndAllocations> mFenceAllocationList;
+    };
+
     explicit UboManager(backend::DriverApi& driver,
             BufferAllocator::allocation_size_t defaultSlotSizeInBytes,
             BufferAllocator::allocation_size_t defaultTotalSizeInBytes);
@@ -82,30 +125,25 @@ public:
 private:
     constexpr static float BUFFER_SIZE_GROWTH_MULTIPLIER = 1.5f;
 
-    // Query the offset by the allocation id.
-    [[nodiscard]] BufferAllocator::allocation_size_t getAllocationOffset(
-            BufferAllocator::AllocationId id) const;
-
-    void checkFenceAndUnlockSlots(backend::DriverApi& driver);
-
     enum AllocationResult {
         SUCCESS,
         REALLOCATION_REQUIRED
     };
 
-    enum AllocationMode {
-        ON_DEMAND,
-        ALWAYS
-    };
+    // Query the offset by the allocation id.
+    [[nodiscard]] BufferAllocator::allocation_size_t getAllocationOffset(
+            BufferAllocator::AllocationId id) const;
 
-    AllocationResult updateMaterialInstanceAllocations(
+    AllocationResult allocateOnDemand(
             const std::unordered_map<const FMaterial*, ResourceList<FMaterialInstance>>&
-                    materialInstances,
-            AllocationMode allocationMode);
-    static AllocationResult tryAllocateMaterialInstanceSlot(FMaterialInstance* mi,
-            BufferAllocator& allocator, const backend::Handle<backend::HwBufferObject>& ubHandle,
-            AllocationMode allocationMode);
+                    materialInstances);
+
+    void allocateAllInstances(
+            const std::unordered_map<const FMaterial*, ResourceList<FMaterialInstance>>&
+                    materialInstances);
+
     void reallocate(backend::DriverApi& driver, BufferAllocator::allocation_size_t requiredSize);
+
     BufferAllocator::allocation_size_t calculateRequiredSize(
             const std::unordered_map<const FMaterial*, ResourceList<FMaterialInstance>>&
                     materialInstances);
@@ -114,11 +152,7 @@ private:
     backend::MemoryMappedBufferHandle mMemoryMappedBufferHandle;
     BufferAllocator::allocation_size_t mUboSize{};
 
-    // Not ideal, but we need to know which slots to decrement gpuUseCount for each frame.
-    using FenceAllocationList = std::vector<std::pair<backend::Handle<backend::HwFence>,
-            std::unordered_set<BufferAllocator::AllocationId>>>;
-    FenceAllocationList mFenceAllocationList;
-
+    FenceManager mFenceManager;
     BufferAllocator mAllocator;
 };
 

filament/src/details/View.h

@@ -338,6 +338,10 @@ public:
         return mDynamicResolution;
     }
 
+    math::float2 getLastDynamicResolutionScale() const noexcept {
+        return mScale;
+    }
+
     void setRenderQuality(RenderQuality const& renderQuality) noexcept {
         mRenderQuality = renderQuality;
     }

filament/test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -44,10 +44,12 @@ list(APPEND RESGEN_SOURCE ${DUMMY_SRC})
 # away in Release builds
 if (TNT_DEV)
     add_executable(test_${TARGET}
+            MockDriver.h
             filament_AtlasAllocator_test.cpp
             test_BufferAllocator.cpp
             test_BufferAllocatorStress.cpp
             test_CircularQueue.cpp
+            test_FenceManager.cpp
             filament_test_exposure.cpp
             filament_rendering_test.cpp
             filament_bimap_test.cpp

filament/test/MockDriver.h

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_TEST_MOCK_DRIVER_H
+#define TNT_FILAMENT_TEST_MOCK_DRIVER_H
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "private/backend/CommandStream.h"
+#include "private/backend/Driver.h"
+
+using namespace filament;
+using namespace filament::backend;
+
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::InSequence;
+using ::testing::NiceMock;
+using ::testing::Return;
+
+// A mock implementation of the backend::Driver for unit testing.
+//
+// This mock is primarily designed for testing synchronous APIs and functions that
+// return a value immediately (those with the "S" suffix, like `createBufferObjectS`).
+// It does not fully support asynchronous command stream behavior, so its use for
+// testing complex rendering logic is limited.
+class MockDriver : public Driver {
+public:
+    MockDriver() = default;
+    ~MockDriver() override = default;
+
+    uint64_t nextFakeHandle = 1;
+
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, terminate, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(backend::StreamHandle, createStreamNative,
+            (void* stream, utils::ImmutableCString tag), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(backend::StreamHandle, createStreamAcquired, (utils::ImmutableCString tag),
+            (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setAcquiredImage,
+            (backend::StreamHandle stream, void* image, const math::mat3f& transform,
+                    backend::CallbackHandler* handler, backend::StreamCallback cb, void* userData),
+            (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setStreamDimensions,
+            (backend::StreamHandle stream, uint32_t width, uint32_t height), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(int64_t, getStreamTimestamp, (backend::StreamHandle stream), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, updateStreams, (backend::DriverApi * driver), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(backend::FenceStatus, getFenceStatus, (backend::FenceHandle fh), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(backend::FenceStatus, fenceWait, (backend::FenceHandle fh, uint64_t timeout),
+            (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, getPlatformSync,
+            (backend::SyncHandle sh, backend::CallbackHandler* handler,
+                    backend::Platform::SyncCallback cb, void* userData),
+            (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isTextureFormatSupported, (backend::TextureFormat format), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isTextureSwizzleSupported, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isTextureFormatMipmappable, (backend::TextureFormat format), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isRenderTargetFormatSupported, (backend::TextureFormat format), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isFrameBufferFetchSupported, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isFrameBufferFetchMultiSampleSupported, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isFrameTimeSupported, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isAutoDepthResolveSupported, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isSRGBSwapChainSupported, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isMSAASwapChainSupported, (uint32_t samples), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isProtectedContentSupported, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isStereoSupported, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isParallelShaderCompileSupported, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isDepthStencilResolveSupported, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isDepthStencilBlitSupported, (backend::TextureFormat format), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isProtectedTexturesSupported, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isDepthClampSupported, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(uint8_t, getMaxDrawBuffers, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(size_t, getMaxUniformBufferSize, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(size_t, getMaxTextureSize, (backend::SamplerType target), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(size_t, getMaxArrayTextureLayers, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(math::float2, getClipSpaceParams, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setupExternalImage2, (backend::Platform::ExternalImageHandleRef image),
+            (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, setupExternalImage, (void* image), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(backend::TimerQueryResult, getTimerQueryValue,
+            (backend::TimerQueryHandle tqh, uint64_t* elapsedTime), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isWorkaroundNeeded, (backend::Workaround workaround), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(backend::FeatureLevel, getFeatureLevel, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(size_t, getUniformBufferOffsetAlignment, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, isCompositorTimingSupported, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, queryFrameTimestamps, (SwapChainHandle, uint64_t, FrameTimestamps*), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(bool, queryCompositorTiming, (SwapChainHandle, CompositorTiming*), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, fenceCancel, (backend::FenceHandle), (override));
+
+
+    ShaderModel getShaderModel() const noexcept final { return ShaderModel::DESKTOP; }
+    utils::FixedCapacityVector<ShaderLanguage> getShaderLanguages(
+            ShaderLanguage preferredLanguage) const noexcept final {
+        return {
+            ShaderLanguage::ESSL3,
+            ShaderLanguage::ESSL1,
+            ShaderLanguage::SPIRV,
+            ShaderLanguage::MSL,
+            ShaderLanguage::METAL_LIBRARY,
+            ShaderLanguage::WGSL,
+        };
+    }
+    void debugCommandBegin(CommandStream* cmds, bool synchronous,
+            const char* methodName) noexcept override {}
+    void debugCommandEnd(CommandStream* cmds, bool synchronous,
+            const char* methodName) noexcept override {}
+    void purge() noexcept override {}
+
+    template<typename T>
+    friend class ConcreteDispatcher;
+
+#define DECL_DRIVER_API(methodName, paramsDecl, params)                                            \
+    UTILS_ALWAYS_INLINE inline void methodName(paramsDecl) {}
+#define DECL_DRIVER_API_SYNCHRONOUS(RetType, methodName, paramsDecl, params)
+#define DECL_DRIVER_API_RETURN(RetType, methodName, paramsDecl, params)                            \
+    RetType methodName##S() noexcept override {                                                    \
+        return RetType((RetType::HandleId) nextFakeHandle++);                                      \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    UTILS_ALWAYS_INLINE inline void methodName##R(RetType, paramsDecl) {}
+
+#include "private/backend/DriverAPI.inc"
+
+    Dispatcher getDispatcher() const noexcept override {
+        Dispatcher dispatcher;
+        // Currently we don't have a good way to mock the functions for asynchronous backend API.
+        // We set all API to nullptr to let the users know it doesn't work.
+#define DECL_DRIVER_API(methodName, paramsDecl, params) dispatcher.methodName##_ = nullptr;
+#define DECL_DRIVER_API_RETURN(RetType, methodName, paramsDecl, params)                            \
+    dispatcher.methodName##_ = nullptr;
+#define DECL_DRIVER_API_SYNCHRONOUS(RetType, methodName, paramsDecl, params)
+#include "private/backend/DriverAPI.inc"
+
+        return dispatcher;
+    }
+};
+
+#endif // TNT_FILAMENT_TEST_MOCK_DRIVER_H

filament/test/test_FenceManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "MockDriver.h"
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "details/UboManager.h"
+#include "private/backend/CommandBufferQueue.h"
+
+#include "private/backend/CommandStream.h"
+#include "private/backend/Driver.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+using namespace filament;
+using namespace backend;
+
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::Return;
+
+static constexpr size_t CONFIG_MIN_COMMAND_BUFFERS_SIZE = 1 * 1024 * 1024;
+static constexpr size_t CONFIG_COMMAND_BUFFERS_SIZE     = 3 * CONFIG_MIN_COMMAND_BUFFERS_SIZE;
+
+class FenceManagerTest : public ::testing::Test {
+protected:
+    FenceManagerTest()
+            : mCommandBufferQueue(CONFIG_MIN_COMMAND_BUFFERS_SIZE, CONFIG_COMMAND_BUFFERS_SIZE,
+                      /*mPaused=*/false),
+              mCommandStream(mMockDriver, mCommandBufferQueue.getCircularBuffer()),
+              mDriverApi(mCommandStream) {}
+
+    MockDriver mMockDriver;
+    CommandBufferQueue mCommandBufferQueue;
+    CommandStream mCommandStream;
+    DriverApi& mDriverApi;
+    UboManager::FenceManager mFenceManager;
+};
+
+TEST_F(FenceManagerTest, TrackEmptySet) {
+    mFenceManager.track(mDriverApi, {});
+    EXPECT_EQ(mMockDriver.nextFakeHandle, 1); // No fence allocation
+}
+
+TEST_F(FenceManagerTest, TrackNonEmptySet) {
+    mFenceManager.track(mDriverApi, { 1, 2, 3 });
+    EXPECT_EQ(mMockDriver.nextFakeHandle, 2);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FenceManagerTest, ReclaimWithNoFences) {
+    std::vector<UboManager::FenceManager::AllocationId> reclaimedIds;
+    mFenceManager.reclaimCompletedResources(mDriverApi,
+            [&reclaimedIds](BufferAllocator::AllocationId id) { reclaimedIds.push_back(id); });
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reclaimedIds.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(FenceManagerTest, ReclaimWhenFenceNotSignaled) {
+    mFenceManager.track(mDriverApi, { 10 });
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockDriver, getFenceStatus(Handle<HwFence>(1)))
+            .WillOnce(Return(FenceStatus::TIMEOUT_EXPIRED));
+
+    std::unordered_set<UboManager::FenceManager::AllocationId> reclaimedIds;
+    mFenceManager.reclaimCompletedResources(mDriverApi,
+            [&reclaimedIds](BufferAllocator::AllocationId id) { reclaimedIds.insert(id); });
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reclaimedIds.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(FenceManagerTest, ReclaimWhenFenceSignaled) {
+    mFenceManager.track(mDriverApi, { 10, 20 });
+    EXPECT_EQ(mMockDriver.nextFakeHandle, 2);
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockDriver, getFenceStatus(Handle<HwFence>(1)))
+            .WillOnce(Return(FenceStatus::CONDITION_SATISFIED));
+
+    std::unordered_set<UboManager::FenceManager::AllocationId> reclaimedIds;
+    mFenceManager.reclaimCompletedResources(mDriverApi,
+            [&reclaimedIds](BufferAllocator::AllocationId id) { reclaimedIds.insert(id); });
+
+    // Verify that the correct IDs were reclaimed.
+    ASSERT_EQ(reclaimedIds.size(), 2);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reclaimedIds.contains(10));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reclaimedIds.contains(20));
+
+    // Verify that the fence is no longer tracked by calling reclaim again.
+    reclaimedIds.clear();
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockDriver, getFenceStatus(_)).Times(0); // No fences left to check.
+    mFenceManager.reclaimCompletedResources(mDriverApi,
+            [&reclaimedIds](BufferAllocator::AllocationId id) { reclaimedIds.insert(id); });
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reclaimedIds.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(FenceManagerTest, ReclaimMultipleFencesPartial) {
+    // Frame 1
+    mFenceManager.track(mDriverApi, { 1 });
+    EXPECT_EQ(mMockDriver.nextFakeHandle, 2);
+
+    // Frame 2
+    mFenceManager.track(mDriverApi, { 2 });
+    EXPECT_EQ(mMockDriver.nextFakeHandle, 3);
+
+    // Frame 3
+    mFenceManager.track(mDriverApi, { 3 });
+    EXPECT_EQ(mMockDriver.nextFakeHandle, 4);
+
+    // Now, reclaim. Assume fence 1 and 2 are done, but 3 is not.
+    // The implementation iterates from newest to oldest.
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockDriver, getFenceStatus(Handle<HwFence>(3)))
+            .WillOnce(Return(FenceStatus::TIMEOUT_EXPIRED));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockDriver, getFenceStatus(Handle<HwFence>(2)))
+            .WillOnce(Return(FenceStatus::CONDITION_SATISFIED));
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockDriver, getFenceStatus(Handle<HwFence>(1)))
+            .WillOnce(Return(FenceStatus::CONDITION_SATISFIED));
+
+    std::vector<UboManager::FenceManager::AllocationId> reclaimedIds;
+    mFenceManager.reclaimCompletedResources(mDriverApi,
+            [&reclaimedIds](BufferAllocator::AllocationId id) { reclaimedIds.push_back(id); });
+
+    // Verify that resources from the first two frames were reclaimed.
+    ASSERT_EQ(reclaimedIds.size(), 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(reclaimedIds[0], 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(reclaimedIds[1], 2);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FenceManagerTest, Reset) {
+    mFenceManager.track(mDriverApi, { 10 });
+    EXPECT_EQ(mMockDriver.nextFakeHandle, 2);
+
+    mFenceManager.track(mDriverApi, { 20 });
+    EXPECT_EQ(mMockDriver.nextFakeHandle, 3);
+
+    mFenceManager.reset(mDriverApi);
+
+    // After reset, reclaiming should do nothing.
+    std::vector<UboManager::FenceManager::AllocationId> reclaimedIds;
+    EXPECT_CALL(mMockDriver, getFenceStatus(_)).Times(0);
+    mFenceManager.reclaimCompletedResources(mDriverApi,
+            [&reclaimedIds](BufferAllocator::AllocationId id) { reclaimedIds.push_back(id); });
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reclaimedIds.empty());
+}
+
+} // namespace anonymous

libs/filabridge/include/filament/MaterialEnums.h

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 namespace filament {
 
 // update this when a new version of filament wouldn't work with older materials
-static constexpr size_t MATERIAL_VERSION = 66;
+static constexpr size_t MATERIAL_VERSION = 67;
 
 /**
  * Supported shading models

libs/filament-matp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ set(PUBLIC_HDRS
 )
 
 set(SRCS
+        src/DirIncluder.h
+        src/DirIncluder.cpp
+        src/IncludeCallback.h
+        src/Includes.h
+        src/Includes.cpp
         src/JsonishLexeme.h
         src/JsonishLexer.h
         src/JsonishParser.h
@@ -53,6 +58,8 @@ install(DIRECTORY ${PUBLIC_HDR_DIR}/ DESTINATION include)
 project(test_matp)
 set(TARGET test_matp)
 set(SRCS
+    tests/test_includes.cpp
+    tests/test_includer.cpp
     tests/test_matp.cpp
     tests/TestMaterialParser.h
     tests/test_compute_material.cpp

libs/filament-matp/include/filament-matp/Config.h

@@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ public:
         return mWorkarounds;
     }
 
+    bool getInsertLineDirectives() const noexcept { return mInsertLineDirectives; }
+    bool getInsertLineDirectiveChecks() const noexcept { return mInsertLineDirectiveChecks; }
+
 protected:
     bool mDebug = false;
     bool mIsValid = true;
@@ -174,6 +177,8 @@ protected:
     filament::UserVariantFilterMask mVariantFilter = 0;
     Workarounds mWorkarounds = Workarounds::ALL;
     bool mIncludeEssl1 = true;
+    bool mInsertLineDirectives = true;
+    bool mInsertLineDirectiveChecks = true;
 };
 
 } // namespace matp

libs/filament-matp/include/filament-matp/MaterialParser.h

@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@
 
 #include <unordered_map>
 
-#include <utils/Status.h>
 #include "Config.h"
 
+#include <utils/Path.h>
+#include <utils/Status.h>
+
 namespace filamat {
 class MaterialBuilder;
 }
@@ -36,7 +38,13 @@ class MaterialLexeme;
 class MaterialParser {
 public:
     MaterialParser();
-
+    // Resolves #include directives in the material by looking at the given file structure.
+    // Returns the string of resolved material with the state that indicates whether the include
+    // resolution was successful.
+    std::pair<utils::Status, utils::CString> resolveIncludes(
+            const std::unique_ptr<const char[]>& buffer, ssize_t size,
+            const utils::Path& materialFilePath,
+            bool insertLineDirectives, bool insertLineDirectiveCheck);
     // Parses a string material so that it can be used in MaterialBuilder.
     // Call MaterialBuilder::init before passing in the builder; call MaterialBuilder::build to
     // create filamat::Package after.

libs/filament-matp/src/DirIncluder.cpp

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <fstream>
 
-namespace matc {
+namespace matp {
 
 bool DirIncluder::operator()(const utils::CString& includedBy, IncludeResult& result) {
     auto getHeaderPath = [&result, &includedBy, this]() {
@@ -66,5 +66,5 @@ bool DirIncluder::operator()(const utils::CString& includedBy, IncludeResult& re
     return true;
 }
 
-} // namespace matc
+} // namespace matp
 

libs/filament-matp/src/DirIncluder.h

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <utils/Path.h>
 
-namespace matc {
+namespace matp {
 
 // Functor callback handler used to resolve includes relative to a root include directory.
 class DirIncluder {
@@ -38,6 +38,6 @@ private:
 
 };
 
-} // namespace matc
+} // namespace matp
 
 #endif

libs/filament-matp/src/IncludeCallback.h

@@ -18,10 +18,11 @@
 #define TNT_INCLUDER_H
 
 #include <utils/CString.h>
+#include <utils/Status.h>
 
 #include <functional>
 
-namespace matc {
+namespace matp {
 
 struct IncludeResult {
     // The include name of the root file, as if it were being included.
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ struct IncludeResult {
     const utils::CString includeName;
 
     // The following fields should be filled out by the IncludeCallback when processing an include,
-    // or when calling resolveIncludes for the root file.
+    // or when calling resolveIncludesRecursively for the root file.
 
     // The full contents of the include file. This may contain additional, recursive include
     // directives.
@@ -58,12 +59,12 @@ struct IncludeResult {
  * @param result is the IncludeResult that the callback should fill out.
  * @return true, if the include was resolved successfully, false otherwise.
  *
- * For an example of implementing this callback, see tools/matc/src/matc/DirIncluder.h.
+ * For an example of implementing this callback, see DirIncluder.h.
  */
 using IncludeCallback = std::function<bool(
         const utils::CString& includedBy,
         IncludeResult& result)>;
 
-} // namespace matc
+} // namespace matp
 
 #endif

libs/filament-matp/src/Includes.cpp

@@ -19,10 +19,11 @@
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <utils/compiler.h>
 #include <utils/sstream.h>
+#include <utils/Status.h>
 
 #include <string>
 
-namespace matc {
+namespace matp {
 
 static bool isWhitespace(char c) {
     return (c == ' ' || c == '\f' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == '\v');
@@ -75,12 +76,11 @@ static void findCommentRanges(const char (&beginToken)[BTSize], const char (&end
 }
 
 
-bool resolveIncludes(IncludeResult& root, IncludeCallback callback,
+utils::Status resolveIncludesRecursively(IncludeResult& root, IncludeCallback callback,
         const ResolveOptions& options, size_t depth) {
     if (depth > 30) {
         // This is probably an include cycle. Stop here and report an error so we don't overflow.
-        utils::slog.e << "Include depth > 30. Include cycle?" << utils::io::endl;
-        return false;
+        return utils::Status::invalidArgument("Include depth > 30. Include cycle?");
     }
 
     utils::CString& text = root.text;
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ bool resolveIncludes(IncludeResult& root, IncludeCallback callback,
     std::vector<FoundInclude> includes = parseForIncludes(text);
     if (includes.empty()) {
         // No more to resolve.
-        return true;
+        return utils::Status::ok();
     }
 
     const size_t lineNumberOffset = includes[0].line;
@@ -196,28 +196,30 @@ bool resolveIncludes(IncludeResult& root, IncludeCallback callback,
         const auto include = includes[0];
         // Ask the includer to resolve this include.
         if (!callback) {
-            return false;
+            return utils::Status::invalidArgument("No callback is provided");
         }
-        IncludeResult resolved {
+        IncludeResult includeResult{
             .includeName = include.name
         };
-        if (!callback(root.name, resolved)) {
-            utils::slog.e << "The included file \"" << include.name.c_str()
+        if (!callback(root.name, includeResult)) {
+            utils::io::sstream errorMessage;
+            errorMessage << "The included file \"" << include.name.c_str()
                           << "\" could not be found." << utils::io::endl;
-            return false;
+            return utils::Status::invalidArgument(errorMessage.c_str());
         }
 
         // Recursively resolve all of its includes.
-        if (!resolveIncludes(resolved, callback, options, depth + 1)) {
-            return false;
+        if (utils::Status resolveStatus =
+                        resolveIncludesRecursively(includeResult, callback, options, depth + 1);
+                        !resolveStatus.isOk()) {
+            return resolveStatus;
         }
 
-        text.replace(include.startPosition, include.length, resolved.text);
+        text.replace(include.startPosition, include.length, includeResult.text);
 
         includes = parseForIncludes(text);
     }
-
-    return true;
+    return utils::Status::ok();
 }
 
 std::vector<FoundInclude> parseForIncludes(const utils::CString& source) {
@@ -308,4 +310,4 @@ std::vector<FoundInclude> parseForIncludes(const utils::CString& source) {
     return results;
 }
 
-} // namespace matc
+} // namespace matp

libs/filament-matp/src/Includes.h

@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@
 #include "IncludeCallback.h"
 
 #include <utils/CString.h>
+#include <utils/Status.h>
 
 #include <vector>
 
-namespace matc {
+namespace matp {
 
 struct ResolveOptions {
     // If true, insert #line directives before / after each include.
@@ -39,9 +40,10 @@ struct ResolveOptions {
 };
 
 // Recursively handle all the includes inside of root.
-// Returns true if all includes were handled successfully, false otherwise.
-// callback may be null, in which case any #include directives found will result in a failure.
-bool resolveIncludes(IncludeResult& root, IncludeCallback callback,
+// Returns utils::Status::StatusCode::OK if all includes were handled successfully, otherwise an
+// error status with a failure message.
+// Callback may be null, in which case any #include directives found will result in a failure.
+utils::Status resolveIncludesRecursively(IncludeResult& root, IncludeCallback callback,
         const ResolveOptions& options, size_t depth = 0);
 
 struct FoundInclude {
@@ -53,6 +55,6 @@ struct FoundInclude {
 
 std::vector<FoundInclude> parseForIncludes(const utils::CString& source);
 
-} // namespace matc
+} // namespace matp
 
 #endif

libs/filament-matp/src/MaterialParser.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #include <filament-matp/MaterialParser.h>
 
+#include "DirIncluder.h"
+#include "Includes.h"
 #include "JsonishLexer.h"
 #include "JsonishParser.h"
 #include "MaterialLexeme.h"
@@ -393,6 +395,35 @@ utils::Status MaterialParser::processMaterialParameters(filamat::MaterialBuilder
     return status;
 }
 
+std::pair<utils::Status, utils::CString> MaterialParser::resolveIncludes(
+        const std::unique_ptr<const char[]>& buffer, ssize_t size,
+        const utils::Path& materialFilePath,
+        bool insertLineDirectives, bool insertLineDirectiveCheck) {
+
+    ResolveOptions const options {
+        .insertLineDirectives = insertLineDirectives,
+        .insertLineDirectiveCheck = insertLineDirectiveCheck
+    };
+
+    // Inline material (i.e. resolve #include directives)
+    DirIncluder includer;
+    includer.setIncludeDirectory(materialFilePath.getParent());
+    utils::CString fileName = utils::CString(materialFilePath.getName().c_str());
+
+    // This is both the source and the result.
+    // This will be mutated by the below `resolveIncludesRecursively` call.
+    IncludeResult result {
+        .includeName = fileName,
+        .text = utils::CString(buffer.get(), size),
+        .name = CString("")
+    };
+
+    utils::Status resolveStatus =
+            matp::resolveIncludesRecursively(result, std::move(includer), options);
+
+    return { resolveStatus, result.text };
+}
+
 utils::Status MaterialParser::processTemplateSubstitutions(
         const Config& config, ssize_t& size, std::unique_ptr<const char[]>& buffer) {
     const auto& templateMap = config.getTemplateMap();

libs/filament-matp/tests/MockIncluder.h

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <matc/IncludeCallback.h>
+#include "IncludeCallback.h"
 
 #include <utils/CString.h>
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public:
         return *this;
     }
 
-    bool operator()(const utils::CString& includedBy, matc::IncludeResult& result) {
+    bool operator()(const utils::CString& includedBy, matp::IncludeResult& result) {
         auto key = result.includeName.c_str();
         auto found = mIncludeMap.find(key);
 

libs/filament-matp/tests/test_includer.cpp

@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include <matc/DirIncluder.h>
+#include "DirIncluder.h"
 
 using namespace utils;
-using namespace matc;
+using namespace matp;
 
 const utils::Path root = utils::Path(__FILE__).getParent();
 
 // TODO: these tests are disabled as they fail on CI, which needs investigation.
 
 TEST(DirIncluder, DISABLED_IncludeNonexistent) {
-    matc::DirIncluder includer;
+    DirIncluder includer;
     {
         IncludeResult i {
             .includeName = CString("nonexistent.h")
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ TEST(DirIncluder, DISABLED_IncludeNonexistent) {
 }
 
 TEST(DirIncluder, DISABLED_IncludeFile) {
-    matc::DirIncluder includer;
+    DirIncluder includer;
     includer.setIncludeDirectory(root);
 
     IncludeResult result {
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ TEST(DirIncluder, DISABLED_IncludeFile) {
 }
 
 TEST(DirIncluder, DISABLED_IncludeFileFromIncluder) {
-    matc::DirIncluder includer;
+    DirIncluder includer;
     includer.setIncludeDirectory(root);
 
     utils::CString includerFile((root + "Dir/Baz.h").c_str());
@@ -77,8 +77,3 @@ TEST(DirIncluder, DISABLED_IncludeFileFromIncluder) {
 
     EXPECT_STREQ((root + "Dir/Bar.h").c_str(), result.name.c_str());
 }
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-}

libs/filament-matp/tests/test_includes.cpp

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include "Includes.h"
 #include "MockIncluder.h"
 
-#include <matc/Includes.h>
 #include <filamat/MaterialBuilder.h>
 
 #include <utils/CString.h>
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 
 using namespace utils;
-using namespace matc;
+using namespace matp;
 
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ TEST(IncludeResolver, NoIncludes) {
     IncludeResult source {
         .text = code
     };
-    bool result = resolveIncludes(source, includer, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result);
+    utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, includer, {});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(resolved.isOk());
     EXPECT_STREQ("no includes", source.text.c_str());
 }
 
@@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ TEST(IncludeResolver, SingleInclude) {
     IncludeResult source {
         .text = code
     };
-    bool result = resolveIncludes(source, includer, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result);
+    utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, includer, {});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(resolved.isOk());
     EXPECT_STREQ("include", source.text.c_str());
 }
 
@@ -245,8 +245,8 @@ TEST(IncludeResolver, MultipleIncludes) {
     IncludeResult source {
         .text = code
     };
-    bool result = resolveIncludes(source, includer, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result);
+    utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, includer, {});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(resolved.isOk());
     EXPECT_STREQ(utils::CString(R"(
         1
         2
@@ -270,8 +270,8 @@ TEST(IncludeResolver, IncludeWithinInclude) {
     IncludeResult source {
         .text = code
     };
-    bool result = resolveIncludes(source, includer, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result);
+    utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, includer, {});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(resolved.isOk());
     EXPECT_STREQ(utils::CString(R"(
         1
         3
@@ -293,8 +293,8 @@ TEST(IncludeResolver, Includers) {
     IncludeResult source {
         .text = code
     };
-    bool result = resolveIncludes(source, includer, {});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result);
+    utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, includer, {});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(resolved.isOk());
     EXPECT_STREQ(utils::CString(R"(
         3
     )").c_str(), source.text.c_str());
@@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ TEST(IncludeResolver, IncludeFailure) {
         IncludeResult source {
             .text = code
         };
-        bool result = resolveIncludes(source, includer, {});
-        EXPECT_FALSE(result);
+        utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, includer, {});
+        EXPECT_FALSE(resolved.isOk());
     }
     {
         utils::CString code(R"(
@@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ TEST(IncludeResolver, IncludeFailure) {
         IncludeResult source {
             .text = code
         };
-        bool result = resolveIncludes(source, includer, {});
-        EXPECT_FALSE(result);
+        utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, includer, {});
+        EXPECT_FALSE(resolved.isOk());
     }
 }
 
@@ -344,9 +344,9 @@ TEST(IncludeResolver, Cycle) {
     IncludeResult source {
         .text = code
     };
-    bool result = resolveIncludes(source, includer, {});
+    utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, includer, {});
     // Include cycles are disallowed. We should still terminate in finite time and report false.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(result);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(resolved.isOk());
 }
 
 // Helper function that lets us write comparison cases with line breaks.
@@ -395,8 +395,8 @@ TEST(IncludeResolver, SingleIncludeLineDirective) {
         .includeName = utils::CString("root.h"),
         .text = code
     };
-    bool result = resolveIncludes(source, includer, options);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result);
+    utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, includer, options);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(resolved.isOk());
     EXPECT_STREQ_TRIMMARGIN(R"(
         | #line 1 "root.h"
         | #line 1 "test.h"
@@ -421,8 +421,8 @@ TEST(IncludeResolver, MultipleIncludesLineDirective) {
         .includeName = utils::CString("root.h"),
         .text = code,
     };
-    bool result = resolveIncludes(source, includer, options);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result);
+    utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, includer, options);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(resolved.isOk());
 
     EXPECT_STREQ_TRIMMARGIN(R"(
         | #line 1 "root.h"
@@ -453,8 +453,8 @@ TEST(IncludeResolver, MultipleIncludesSameLineLineDirective) {
         .includeName = utils::CString("root.h"),
         .text = code
     };
-    bool result = resolveIncludes(source, includer, options);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result);
+    utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, includer, options);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(resolved.isOk());
 
     EXPECT_STREQ_TRIMMARGIN(R"(
         | #line 1 "root.h"
@@ -518,7 +518,8 @@ TEST_F(MaterialBuilder, Include) {
         .text = utils::CString(shaderCode.c_str(), shaderCode.size()),
     };
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(resolveIncludes(source, std::move(includer), options));
+    utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, std::move(includer), options);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(resolved.isOk());
 
     // Set the material with the resolved material.
     mBuilder.material(source.text.c_str());
@@ -545,8 +546,8 @@ TEST_F(MaterialBuilder, IncludeVertex) {
     IncludeResult source {
         .text = utils::CString(shaderCode.c_str(), shaderCode.size()),
     };
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(resolveIncludes(source, std::move(includer), options));
+    utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, std::move(includer), options);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(resolved.isOk());
 
     // Set the materialVertex with the resolved material.
     mBuilder.materialVertex(source.text.c_str());
@@ -572,7 +573,8 @@ TEST_F(MaterialBuilder, IncludeWithinFunction) {
         .text = utils::CString(shaderCode.c_str(), shaderCode.size()),
     };
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(resolveIncludes(source, std::move(includer), options));
+    utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, std::move(includer), options);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(resolved.isOk());
 
     // Set the material with the resolved material.
     mBuilder.material(source.text.c_str());
@@ -592,7 +594,8 @@ TEST_F(MaterialBuilder, IncludeFailure) {
         .text = utils::CString(shaderCode.c_str(), shaderCode.size()),
     };
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(resolveIncludes(source, std::move(includer), options));
+    utils::Status resolved = resolveIncludesRecursively(source, std::move(includer), options);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(resolved.isOk());
 
     mBuilder.material(source.text.c_str());
 

libs/filament-matp/tests/test_matp.cpp

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "TestMaterialParser.h"
-
-#include <filamat/MaterialBuilder.h>
-
-#include <filament-matp/MaterialParser.h>
 #include "JsonishLexer.h"
 #include "JsonishParser.h"
 #include "MaterialLexer.h"
+#include "MockIncluder.h"
+
+#include <filamat/MaterialBuilder.h>
+#include <filament-matp/MaterialParser.h>
 
 class MaterialLexer: public ::testing::Test {
 protected:

libs/filamentapp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ set(SRCS
         src/IcoSphere.cpp
         src/MeshAssimp.cpp
         src/Sphere.cpp
+        src/VulkanPlatformHelper.cpp
 )
 
 set(LIBS
@@ -67,18 +68,25 @@ set(MATERIAL_SRCS
 
 if (APPLE)
     list(APPEND SRCS src/NativeWindowHelperCocoa.mm)
+    list(APPEND SRCS src/VulkanPlatformHelperApple.mm)
     list(APPEND LIBS "-framework Cocoa -framework QuartzCore")
 endif()
 
 if (LINUX)
     list(APPEND SRCS src/NativeWindowHelperLinux.cpp)
+    list(APPEND SRCS src/VulkanPlatformHelperLinux.cpp)
 endif()
 
 if (WIN32)
     list(APPEND SRCS src/NativeWindowHelperWindows.cpp)
+    list(APPEND SRCS src/VulkanPlatformHelperWindows.cpp)
     list(APPEND LIBS sdl2main)
 endif()
 
+if (ANDROID)
+    list(APPEND SRCS src/VulkanPlatformHelperAndroid.cpp)
+endif()
+
 # ==================================================================================================
 # Compile resources
 # ==================================================================================================

libs/filamentapp/include/filamentapp/VulkanPlatformHelper.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TNT_FILAMENTAPP_VULKAN_PLATFORM_HELPER_H
+#define TNT_FILAMENTAPP_VULKAN_PLATFORM_HELPER_H
+
+namespace filament::backend {
+    class VulkanPlatform;
+} // namespace filament::backend
+
+namespace filament::filamentapp {
+
+filament::backend::VulkanPlatform* createVulkanPlatform(char const* gpuHintCstr);
+void destroyVulkanPlatform(filament::backend::VulkanPlatform* platform);
+
+} // namespace filament::filamentapp
+
+#endif // TNT_FILAMENTAPP_VULKAN_PLATFORM_HELPER_H

libs/filamentapp/src/FilamentApp.cpp

@@ -40,12 +40,15 @@
 #include <filament/SwapChain.h>
 #include <filament/View.h>
 
+#include <backend/Platform.h>
+
 #ifndef NDEBUG
 #include <filament/DebugRegistry.h>
 #endif
 
 #if defined(FILAMENT_DRIVER_SUPPORTS_VULKAN)
 #include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h>
+#include <filamentapp/VulkanPlatformHelper.h>
 #endif
 
 #if defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
@@ -78,36 +81,6 @@ namespace {
 
 using namespace filament::backend;
 
-#if defined(FILAMENT_DRIVER_SUPPORTS_VULKAN)
-class FilamentAppVulkanPlatform : public VulkanPlatform {
-public:
-    FilamentAppVulkanPlatform(char const* gpuHintCstr) {
-        utils::CString gpuHint{ gpuHintCstr };
-        if (gpuHint.empty()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        VulkanPlatform::Customization::GPUPreference pref;
-        // Check to see if it is an integer, if so turn it into an index.
-        if (std::all_of(gpuHint.begin(), gpuHint.end(), ::isdigit)) {
-            char* p_end {};
-            pref.index = static_cast<int8_t>(std::strtol(gpuHint.c_str(), &p_end, 10));
-        } else {
-            pref.deviceName = gpuHint;
-        }
-        mCustomization = {
-            .gpu = pref
-        };
-    }
-
-    virtual VulkanPlatform::Customization getCustomization() const noexcept override {
-        return mCustomization;
-    }
-
-private:
-    VulkanPlatform::Customization mCustomization;
-};
-#endif
-
 #if defined(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
 class FilamentAppWebGPUPlatform : public WebGPUPlatform {
 public:
@@ -138,7 +111,7 @@ private:
 };
 #endif
 
-} // anonymous namespace
+}
 
 FilamentApp& FilamentApp::get() {
     static FilamentApp filamentApp;
@@ -611,7 +584,7 @@ void FilamentApp::run(const Config& config, SetupCallback setupCallback,
 
 #if defined(FILAMENT_DRIVER_SUPPORTS_VULKAN)
     if (mVulkanPlatform) {
-        delete mVulkanPlatform;
+        filamentapp::destroyVulkanPlatform(mVulkanPlatform);
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -775,11 +748,11 @@ FilamentApp::Window::Window(FilamentApp* filamentApp,
         engineConfig.stereoscopicType = Engine::StereoscopicType::NONE;
 #endif
 
-        Platform* platform = nullptr;
+        backend::Platform* platform = nullptr;
 #if defined(FILAMENT_DRIVER_SUPPORTS_VULKAN)
         if (backend == Engine::Backend::VULKAN) {
             platform = mFilamentApp->mVulkanPlatform =
-                    new FilamentAppVulkanPlatform(config.vulkanGPUHint.c_str());
+                    filamentapp::createVulkanPlatform(config.vulkanGPUHint.c_str());
         }
 #endif
 

libs/filamentapp/src/VulkanPlatformHelper.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <filamentapp/VulkanPlatformHelper.h>
+
+#include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h>
+
+#include <utils/CString.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+namespace filament::filamentapp {
+
+using namespace filament::backend;
+
+VulkanPlatform::Customization parseGpuHint(char const* gpuHintCstr) {
+    utils::CString gpuHint{ gpuHintCstr };
+    if (gpuHint.empty()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    VulkanPlatform::Customization::GPUPreference pref;
+    // Check to see if it is an integer, if so turn it into an index.
+    if (std::all_of(gpuHint.begin(), gpuHint.end(), ::isdigit)) {
+        char* p_end{};
+        pref.index = static_cast<int8_t>(std::strtol(gpuHint.c_str(), &p_end, 10));
+    } else {
+        pref.deviceName = gpuHint;
+    }
+    return { .gpu = pref };
+}
+
+void destroyVulkanPlatform(VulkanPlatform* platform) {
+    delete platform;
+}
+
+} // namespace filament::filamentapp

libs/filamentapp/src/VulkanPlatformHelperAndroid.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformAndroid.h>
+
+#include "VulkanPlatformHelperCommon.h"
+
+namespace filament::filamentapp {
+
+using namespace filament::backend;
+
+class FilamentAppVulkanPlatform : public VulkanPlatformAndroid {
+public:
+    FilamentAppVulkanPlatform(char const* gpuHintCstr) : mCustomization(parseGpuHint(gpuHintCstr)) {}
+
+    VulkanPlatform::Customization getCustomization() const noexcept override {
+        return mCustomization;
+    }
+
+private:
+    VulkanPlatform::Customization mCustomization;
+};
+
+VulkanPlatform* createVulkanPlatform(char const* gpuHintCstr) {
+    return new FilamentAppVulkanPlatform(gpuHintCstr);
+}
+
+} // namespace filament::filamentapp

libs/filamentapp/src/VulkanPlatformHelperApple.mm

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <backend/platforms/VulkanPlatformApple.h>
+
+#include "VulkanPlatformHelperCommon.h"
+
+namespace filament::filamentapp {
+
+using namespace filament::backend;
+
+class FilamentAppVulkanPlatform : public VulkanPlatformApple {
+public:
+    FilamentAppVulkanPlatform(char const* gpuHintCstr) : mCustomization(parseGpuHint(gpuHintCstr)) {}
+
+    VulkanPlatform::Customization getCustomization() const noexcept override {
+        return mCustomization;
+    }
+
+private:
+    VulkanPlatform::Customization mCustomization;
+};
+
+VulkanPlatform* createVulkanPlatform(char const* gpuHintCstr) {
+    return new FilamentAppVulkanPlatform(gpuHintCstr);
+}
+
+} // namespace filament::filamentapp