Document editable json_documents

- API pages for set and push_back of basic_json_document and for the
  editable aliases; the class overviews name the Editable parameter
- type_error.319 on the exceptions page
- the feature page explains editing, and the examples show when it
  helps: a configuration file changed without reformatting it

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
This commit is contained in:
Niels Lohmann
2026-09-29 00:40:49 +02:00
parent e7bf81f040
commit ec120e78c8
21 changed files with 792 additions and 13 deletions

View File

@@ -137,8 +137,10 @@ INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json_document::node_cou
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json_document::owns_source', 'Method', 'api/basic_json_document/owns_source/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json_document::parse', 'Function', 'api/basic_json_document/parse/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json_document::parse_copy', 'Function', 'api/basic_json_document/parse_copy/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json_document::push_back', 'Method', 'api/basic_json_document/push_back/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json_document::read', 'Method', 'api/basic_json_document/read/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json_document::root', 'Method', 'api/basic_json_document/root/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json_document::set', 'Method', 'api/basic_json_document/set/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json_document::shrink_to_fit', 'Method', 'api/basic_json_document/shrink_to_fit/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json_document::source', 'Method', 'api/basic_json_document/source/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json_view', 'Class', 'api/basic_json_view/index.html');
@@ -187,6 +189,8 @@ INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json_view::type_name',
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json_view::value', 'Method', 'api/basic_json_view/value/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('json', 'Class', 'api/json/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('json_document', 'Class', 'api/json_document/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('json_editable_document', 'Class', 'api/json_editable_document/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('json_editable_view', 'Class', 'api/json_editable_view/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('json_view', 'Class', 'api/json_view/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('json_pointer', 'Class', 'api/json_pointer/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('json_pointer::back', 'Method', 'api/json_pointer/back/index.html');
@@ -222,6 +226,8 @@ INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator<<', 'Operator', 'api
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator>>', 'Operator', 'api/operator_gtgt/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('ordered_json', 'Class', 'api/ordered_json/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('ordered_json_document', 'Class', 'api/ordered_json_document/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('ordered_json_editable_document', 'Class', 'api/ordered_json_editable_document/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('ordered_json_editable_view', 'Class', 'api/ordered_json_editable_view/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('ordered_json_view', 'Class', 'api/ordered_json_view/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('ordered_map', 'Class', 'api/ordered_map/index.html');
INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('std::hash<basic_json>', 'Class', 'api/basic_json/std_hash/index.html');

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@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
<small>Defined in header `<nlohmann/json_view.hpp>`</small>
```cpp
template<typename BasicJsonType>
template<typename BasicJsonType, bool Editable = false>
class basic_json_document;
```
@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ it (a copy, or an rvalue `#!cpp std::string` that was moved in); see [`owns_sour
is move-only: copying a document would either duplicate a potentially large index and text, or leave two documents
claiming to borrow the same buffer, so it is disabled.
With `#!cpp Editable == true`, the document also offers [`set`](set.md) and [`push_back`](push_back.md) to change
values in place, see [Edits](#edits) below. The source text itself is never written; a read-only document
(`#!cpp Editable == false`, the default) does not carry any of the bookkeeping edits need, and calling `set` or
`push_back` on one fails to compile (`#!cpp static_assert`).
## Template parameters
`BasicJsonType`
@@ -26,14 +31,22 @@ claiming to borrow the same buffer, so it is disabled.
[`ordered_json`](../ordered_json.md). Only 64-bit `number_integer_t`/`number_unsigned_t` types are supported; this
is checked with a `static_assert`.
`Editable`
: whether the document supports [`set`](set.md) and [`push_back`](push_back.md) (optional, `#!cpp false` by
default). See [Edits](#edits) below.
## Specializations
- [**json_document**](../json_document.md) - documents of the default specialization [`json`](../json.md)
- [**ordered_json_document**](../ordered_json_document.md) - documents of [`ordered_json`](../ordered_json.md)
- [**json_document**](../json_document.md) - read-only documents of the default specialization [`json`](../json.md)
- [**ordered_json_document**](../ordered_json_document.md) - read-only documents of
[`ordered_json`](../ordered_json.md)
- [**json_editable_document**](../json_editable_document.md) - editable documents of [`json`](../json.md)
- [**ordered_json_editable_document**](../ordered_json_editable_document.md) - editable documents of
[`ordered_json`](../ordered_json.md)
## Member types
- **view_type** - the type of view returned by [`root()`](root.md) (`#!cpp basic_json_view<BasicJsonType>`)
- **view_type** - the type of view returned by [`root()`](root.md) (`#!cpp basic_json_view<BasicJsonType, Editable>`)
- **value_t** - the JSON type enumeration, see [`basic_json::value_t`](../basic_json/value_t.md)
## Member functions
@@ -50,6 +63,37 @@ claiming to borrow the same buffer, so it is disabled.
- [**node_count**](node_count.md) - the number of index entries (values plus object keys)
- [**memory_usage**](memory_usage.md) - the number of bytes held by the document
- [**shrink_to_fit**](shrink_to_fit.md) - release unused index capacity
- [**set**](set.md) - replace a value, or set an object member, an array element, or the value a JSON pointer refers
to (`#!cpp Editable` documents only)
- [**push_back**](push_back.md) - append to an array (`#!cpp Editable` documents only)
## Edits
An editable document (`#!cpp Editable == true`) can be changed after parsing, with [`set`](set.md) and
[`push_back`](push_back.md); [`json_editable_document`](../json_editable_document.md) and
[`ordered_json_editable_document`](../ordered_json_editable_document.md) are the corresponding specializations. A few
points apply to every edit:
- **The source text is never written**, and the parsed index never moves: every value keeps the node it was parsed
into, so [views](../basic_json_view/index.md) taken before an edit stay valid, including
[`root()`](root.md). New values (and the element sequences of an edited array/object) go to storage owned by the
document, allocated on demand.
- **A view keeps referring to the same value.** After [`set`](set.md) replaces the value a view refers to, that view
sees the new value; a view of a value that a later edit replaces or drops keeps showing what it last held. An edit
of an array or object, however, **invalidates the iterators taken over it** (its members may now live in a
different sequence), and a string obtained with [`get_string()`](../basic_json_view/get_string.md) stays valid even
as further edits happen (earlier buffers of edited text are kept alive, not overwritten).
- **Values are accepted three ways:** a [`basic_json_view`](../basic_json_view/index.md) of *any* document
(read-only or editable; it is copied, nothing is shared with the source document), a `BasicJsonType` value, or
anything `BasicJsonType` can be constructed from (numbers, strings, `#!cpp bool`, `#!cpp nullptr`, containers, ...).
- [`dump()`](../basic_json_view/dump.md) writes an edited document with members in document order, new members at
the end, and, with [`number_format::source`](../basic_json_view/number_format.md), keeps the spelling of every
number that was not itself edited -- see [Editing a document](../../features/json_view.md#editing-a-document) for
why this matters.
- [`read()`](read.md) discards all edits, [`shrink_to_fit()`](shrink_to_fit.md) does not move the node index once
there are edits, and [`memory_usage()`](memory_usage.md) includes the memory edits use.
[`source_offset()`](../basic_json_view/source_offset.md) of a value introduced by an edit is
`#!cpp static_cast<std::size_t>(-1)`, the same value it reports for a decoded string.
## Version history

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@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
# <small>nlohmann::basic_json_document::</small>push_back
```cpp
template<typename V>
view_type push_back(view_type array, V&& value);
```
Appends `value` as a new last element of `array`. A [null](../basic_json_view/is_null.md) `array` first becomes an
empty array, the same way [`set`](set.md) turns a null `object` into an empty object.
`value` is accepted three ways: a [`basic_json_view`](../basic_json_view/index.md) of *any* document -- read-only or
editable, and it does not have to be `array`'s own document -- which is copied so that nothing is shared with the
source document afterward; a `BasicJsonType` value; or anything `BasicJsonType` can be constructed from (numbers,
strings, `#!cpp bool`, `#!cpp nullptr`, containers, ...).
Only an **editable** document (`#!cpp Editable == true`, e.g. [`json_editable_document`](../json_editable_document.md))
has `push_back`; calling it on a read-only `basic_json_document` fails to compile (`#!cpp static_assert`).
## Template parameters
`V`
: the type of `value`, deduced; see above for what is accepted.
## Parameters
`array` (in)
: the array (or null value) to append to
`value` (in)
: the value to append
## Return value
a view of the new last element of `array`, now holding `value`
## Exception safety
Basic exception safety: `value` is fully encoded -- including the checks below -- into storage owned by the document
before anything already reachable from [`root()`](root.md) is touched, so a failure while encoding `value` (an
invalid argument, or `#!cpp std::bad_alloc`) leaves the document completely unchanged, other than memory allocated
for the encoding that is not reclaimed. A failure of a later allocation -- while `array` switches from its parsed
layout to a growable block, or while that block grows, see [Notes](#notes) -- can still leave a partial effect, such
as a null `array` argument already turned into an empty array even though `value` itself was not appended.
## Exceptions
Throws [`type_error.308`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error308) if `array` is neither an array nor
null -- the same message [`BasicJsonType::push_back`](../basic_json/push_back.md) throws for the same type. Throws
[`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) ("view does not belong to this
document") if `array` is a [discarded](../basic_json_view/is_discarded.md) view or a view of a *different* document.
Throws [`type_error.302`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error302) if `value` is a
[discarded](../basic_json_view/is_discarded.md) view or a [discarded](../basic_json/is_discarded.md) `BasicJsonType`
value, and [`type_error.319`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error319) if `value` is (or contains) a
binary value -- `BasicJsonType` can hold one, but a `json_document` cannot. Throws
[`type_error.316`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error316) if `value` is (or contains) a string that is
not valid UTF-8, with the same message [`BasicJsonType::dump()`](../basic_json/dump.md) gives for that string.
## Complexity
Amortized constant, plus time linear in the size of `value` to encode it into the document's storage (constant for
a scalar, linear in the number of nested values for an array or object): the elements of `array` move to a growable
block of links the first time it is appended to (or [`set`](set.md) on), and that block itself grows -- doubling its
capacity, so the cost of growing it amortizes to constant per element -- only once it runs out of room. See
[Notes](#notes).
## Notes
Like [`set`](set.md) on a member or an element, `push_back` never moves an existing element itself -- only where
`array`'s *links* to its elements live -- so a view of an existing element of `array` stays valid across a
`push_back`, but any iterator already taken over `array` is invalidated, since it was walking the old layout. See
[Edits](index.md#edits) for what stays valid across an edit in general.
## Examples
??? example
The example below appends records to an array one at a time, as they might arrive from a stream of events,
without ever building a `BasicJsonType` value for the array or for the records already in it, and shows that a
view taken from an earlier `push_back` still refers to the same element once later ones have run.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/basic_json_document__push_back.cpp"
```
Output:
```json
--8<-- "examples/basic_json_document__push_back.output"
```
## See also
- [set](set.md) - replace a value, or set an object member, an array element, or the value a JSON pointer refers to
- [root](root.md) - the view of the root value
- [`BasicJsonType::push_back`](../basic_json/push_back.md) - the corresponding function of `basic_json`
- [Edits](index.md#edits) - what an edit guarantees, for every overload
## Version history
- Added in version 3.13.0.

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@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
# <small>nlohmann::basic_json_document::</small>set
```cpp
// (1)
template<typename V>
view_type set(view_type target, V&& value);
// (2)
template<typename V>
view_type set(view_type object, string_view_t key, V&& value);
// (3)
template<typename I, typename V>
view_type set(view_type array, I idx, V&& value);
// (4)
template<typename V>
view_type set(const json_pointer& ptr, V&& value);
```
Only an **editable** document (`#!cpp Editable == true`, e.g. [`json_editable_document`](../json_editable_document.md))
has `set`; calling it on a read-only `basic_json_document` fails to compile (`#!cpp static_assert`).
1. Replaces the value `target` refers to with `value`.
2. Sets the member `key` of the object `object` to `value`: assigns it if `object` already has a member with this
key -- the first one, should the key occur more than once, and the later duplicates are then dropped (see the
[Notes](#notes) below) -- or appends a new member at the end otherwise. A [null](../basic_json_view/is_null.md)
`object` first becomes an empty object.
3. Assigns `value` to the element at index `idx` of the array `array`, which must already exist (`#!cpp idx <
array.size()`).
4. Sets the value the JSON pointer `ptr` refers to, relative to [`root()`](root.md), to `value`. The *parent* of the
target must already exist: an object member is set as in 2. (added if it does not exist yet), an array element is
assigned as in 3., and a last reference token of `#!cpp "-"`, or equal to the size of the array, appends `value`
instead, exactly as [`push_back`](push_back.md) would. An empty `ptr` sets [`root()`](root.md) itself, as in 1.
In every overload, `value` is accepted three ways: a [`basic_json_view`](../basic_json_view/index.md) of *any*
document -- read-only or editable, and it does not have to be `target`'s/`object`'s/`array`'s own document -- which
is copied so that nothing is shared with the source document afterward; a `BasicJsonType` value; or anything
`BasicJsonType` can be constructed from (numbers, strings, `#!cpp bool`, `#!cpp nullptr`, containers, ...).
## Template parameters
`V`
: the type of `value`, deduced; see above for what is accepted.
`I`
: an integral type other than `#!cpp bool`, deduced (overloads taking a `#!cpp bool` or a non-integral type for
`idx` do not participate in overload resolution).
## Parameters
`target` (in)
: the value to replace
`object` (in)
: the object (or null value) whose member to set
`array` (in)
: the array whose element to assign
`key` (in)
: the key of the member to set
`idx` (in)
: the index of the element to assign; a negative value throws (see [Exceptions](#exceptions))
`ptr` (in)
: a JSON pointer to the value to set, relative to `root()`
`value` (in)
: the new value
## Return value
1. a view of `target`, now holding `value`
2. a view of the member `key` of `object`, now holding `value`
3. a view of the element `idx` of `array`, now holding `value`
4. a view of the value `ptr` refers to, now holding `value`
## Exception safety
Basic exception safety: `value` is fully encoded -- including the checks below -- into storage owned by the document
before anything already reachable from [`root()`](root.md) is touched, so a failure while encoding `value` (an
invalid argument, or `#!cpp std::bad_alloc`) leaves the document completely unchanged, other than memory allocated
for the encoding that is not reclaimed. A failure of a later allocation -- while an edited array or object switches
from its parsed layout to a growable block, see [Notes](#notes) -- can still leave a partial effect, such as a
[null](../basic_json_view/is_null.md) `object`/`array` argument already turned into an empty object/array even
though `value` itself was not linked in.
## Exceptions
1. Throws [`type_error.302`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error302) if `value` is a
[discarded](../basic_json_view/is_discarded.md) view, or a [discarded](../basic_json/is_discarded.md)
`BasicJsonType` value (e.g. `#!cpp BasicJsonType(value_t::discarded)`) -- an object or array `value`, of either
kind, is fine and is encoded as a whole subtree.
2. Throws [`type_error.305`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error305) if `object` is neither an object
nor null -- the same message [`operator[]`](../basic_json_view/operator%5B%5D.md) throws for a string argument on
such a value. Throws [`type_error.316`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error316) if `key` is not
valid UTF-8, with the same message [`BasicJsonType::dump()`](../basic_json/dump.md) gives for that string.
Also throws what 1. throws for `value`.
3. Throws `type_error.305` if `array` is not an array -- the same message `operator[]` throws for a numeric argument
on such a value. Throws [`out_of_range.401`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range401) if `idx` is
negative, or if `#!cpp idx >= array.size()`. Also throws what 1. throws for `value`.
4. Throws what [`at`](../basic_json_view/at.md) throws (overload 3) for resolving `ptr`'s parent, except that a
missing object member or an array index equal to the array's size at the very last reference token is not an
error there (it becomes a new member or an appended element) instead of
[`out_of_range.403`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range403)/[`out_of_range.402`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range402).
For the last reference token itself: if the parent is an object (or a primitive value, where it throws
`type_error.305`), throws what 2. throws; if the parent is an array, throws what 3. throws for an index that is
out of range, or, for a token that is not a valid array index,
[`parse_error.106`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error106) (a leading `#!cpp '0'`),
[`parse_error.109`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error109) (not a number),
[`out_of_range.410`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range410) (too large for `size_type`), or
[`out_of_range.404`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range404) (an empty token). Also throws what 1.
throws for `value`.
Every overload also throws [`type_error.319`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error319) if `value` is (or
contains) a binary value -- `BasicJsonType` can hold one, but a `json_document` cannot -- and
[`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) ("view does not belong to this
document") if `target`/`object`/`array` is a [discarded](../basic_json_view/is_discarded.md) view or a view of a
*different* document (overloads 1-3 only; overload 4 always starts from this document's own [`root()`](root.md)).
## Complexity
1. Linear in the size of `value` (encoding it into the document's storage): constant for a scalar, linear in the
number of nested values for an array or object. If `target` is itself an array or object that spans more than one
node in its parent's original, unedited layout, and `value` is a scalar, replacing it additionally costs time
linear in the number of elements of that parent, the *first* time -- see [Notes](#notes).
2. Linear in the number of members of `object`, to find an existing member with `key`, plus the complexity of 1. for
`value`.
3. Constant, plus the complexity of 1. for `value`.
4. Linear in the number of reference tokens of `ptr` and, for each token, in the number of members of the object at
that level or the index into the array (as [`at`](../basic_json_view/at.md)), plus the complexity of 2. or 3. for
the last token.
## Notes
!!! info "Duplicate keys"
If `object` already has more than one member with `key` (2.), the *first* one is assigned `value` and every
later member with the same key is removed -- so that a lookup, an iteration, and
[`materialize()`](../basic_json_view/materialize.md) of `object` afterward all agree on a single value for
`key`, the same way [`operator[]`](../basic_json_view/operator%5B%5D.md) already picks the first occurrence of a
duplicate key for reading. See the [Notes on duplicate keys](../basic_json_view/operator%5B%5D.md#notes) of
`operator[]`.
Setting a member (2.) or an element (3., through 4.) of an array or object whose elements have not been edited
before switches it from its parsed layout to a growable block holding links to its elements; a later
[`push_back`](push_back.md) or `set` on the same container reuses that block, growing it (amortized constant time)
only once it runs out of room. This never moves an element itself -- only where the container's *links* to its
elements live -- so a view of an element stays valid, but any iterator already taken over the container is
invalidated, since it was walking the old layout. See [Edits](index.md#edits) for what stays valid across an edit in
general.
The same switch happens, for the same reason, when overload 1. replaces a multi-node array/object value with a
scalar: the *parent's* element sequence is what has to switch to links, not `target` itself, because the parent
originally stepped over `target`'s whole subtree by its node count, which no longer applies once `target` is a
one-node scalar.
## Examples
??? example "Example: (1)/(2)/(3)/(4) replace a value, set a member, assign an element, set via a JSON pointer"
The example below edits a small configuration document -- replacing a value, adding an object member, assigning
an array element, and reaching a field through a JSON pointer -- and shows what
[`dump()`](../basic_json_view/dump.md) preserves that is lost once the same edits are made on a `BasicJsonType`
value instead: the order object members were written in, and the exact spelling of a number that was never
touched.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/basic_json_document__set.cpp"
```
Output:
```json
--8<-- "examples/basic_json_document__set.output"
```
## See also
- [push_back](push_back.md) - append to an array
- [root](root.md) - the view of the root value, the starting point of overload 4
- [`basic_json_view::dump`](../basic_json_view/dump.md) - serialize the document, keeping an untouched number's
spelling with `#!cpp number_format::source`
- [Edits](index.md#edits) - what an edit guarantees, for every overload
- [Editing a document](../../features/json_view.md#editing-a-document) - why editable documents keep the source
text's order and number spelling
## Version history
- Added in version 3.13.0.

View File

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
<small>Defined in header `<nlohmann/json_view.hpp>`</small>
```cpp
template<typename BasicJsonType>
template<typename BasicJsonType, bool Editable = false>
class basic_json_view;
```
@@ -27,16 +27,30 @@ subtree on demand. [`operator[]`](operator%5B%5D.md), [`at`](at.md), [`contains`
[`operator!=`](operator_ne.md) compare two views, or a view and a `BasicJsonType` value, without ever building a
`BasicJsonType` value for a view; no ordering comparison (`#!cpp operator<`) is provided.
`basic_json_view` itself is always read-only -- it never has a `set` or `push_back` of its own. A view of an
**editable** document (`#!cpp Editable == true`) sees every edit made through
[`basic_json_document::set`](../basic_json_document/set.md) and
[`basic_json_document::push_back`](../basic_json_document/push_back.md): once a value is changed, every view that
still refers to it -- including ones taken before the change -- reads the new value. See
[Edits](../basic_json_document/index.md#edits).
## Template parameters
`BasicJsonType`
: a specialization of [`basic_json`](../basic_json/index.md), matching the
[`basic_json_document`](../basic_json_document/index.md) the view was taken from.
`Editable`
: whether the view is of an editable document, matching the [`basic_json_document`](../basic_json_document/index.md)
it was taken from (optional, `#!cpp false` by default). See [Edits](../basic_json_document/index.md#edits).
## Specializations
- [**json_view**](../json_view.md) - views of a [`json_document`](../json_document.md)
- [**ordered_json_view**](../ordered_json_view.md) - views of an [`ordered_json_document`](../ordered_json_document.md)
- [**json_editable_view**](../json_editable_view.md) - views of a [`json_editable_document`](../json_editable_document.md)
- [**ordered_json_editable_view**](../ordered_json_editable_view.md) - views of an
[`ordered_json_editable_document`](../ordered_json_editable_document.md)
## Member types

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@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
# <small>nlohmann::</small>json_editable_document
<small>Defined in header `<nlohmann/json_view.hpp>`</small>
```cpp
using json_editable_document = basic_json_document<json, true>;
```
This type is an **editable** [`basic_json_document`](basic_json_document/index.md) of the default
[`json`](json.md) specialization: in addition to everything [`json_document`](json_document.md) offers,
[`set`](basic_json_document/set.md) and [`push_back`](basic_json_document/push_back.md) change values after
parsing, without ever rewriting the source text -- see [Edits](basic_json_document/index.md#edits) and
[Editing a document](../features/json_view.md#editing-a-document).
## Examples
??? example
The example below patches two fields of a small configuration document -- changing one and adding another --
and dumps it back out with the member order and the spelling of the untouched number preserved, something a
plain [`json`](json.md) value cannot do.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/json_editable_document.cpp"
```
Output:
```json
--8<-- "examples/json_editable_document.output"
```
## See also
- [json_editable_view](json_editable_view.md) - a view of a value of a `json_editable_document`
- [json_document](json_document.md) - the read-only document this type adds edits to
- [ordered_json_editable_document](ordered_json_editable_document.md) - the corresponding editable document for
`ordered_json`
- [Edits](basic_json_document/index.md#edits) - what an edit guarantees
## Version history
Since version 3.13.0.

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@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
# <small>nlohmann::</small>json_editable_view
<small>Defined in header `<nlohmann/json_view.hpp>`</small>
```cpp
using json_editable_view = basic_json_view<json, true>;
```
This type is a [`basic_json_view`](basic_json_view/index.md) of a value of a
[`json_editable_document`](json_editable_document.md). It offers the same read-only interface as
[`json_view`](json_view.md); what is different is what it can be a view *of* -- a value that
[`set`](basic_json_document/set.md) and [`push_back`](basic_json_document/push_back.md) can change, with every view
still referring to it seeing the change, see [Edits](basic_json_document/index.md#edits).
## Examples
??? example
The example below is the same as [`json_editable_document`'s](json_editable_document.md): every view read back
out of the document -- `#!cpp doc.root()` and the views nested under it -- sees the edits made through `set`.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/json_editable_document.cpp"
```
Output:
```json
--8<-- "examples/json_editable_document.output"
```
## See also
- [json_editable_document](json_editable_document.md) - the document type this view refers into
- [json_view](json_view.md) - the corresponding read-only view
- [ordered_json_editable_view](ordered_json_editable_view.md) - the corresponding view for
`ordered_json_editable_document`
## Version history
Since version 3.13.0.

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@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
# <small>nlohmann::</small>ordered_json_editable_document
<small>Defined in header `<nlohmann/json_view.hpp>`</small>
```cpp
using ordered_json_editable_document = basic_json_document<ordered_json, true>;
```
This type is an **editable** [`basic_json_document`](basic_json_document/index.md) of the
[`ordered_json`](ordered_json.md) specialization: [`set`](basic_json_document/set.md) and
[`push_back`](basic_json_document/push_back.md) change values after parsing, as for
[`json_editable_document`](json_editable_document.md), and
[`materialize()`](basic_json_view/materialize.md) preserves the document order of object members -- including
members [`set`](basic_json_document/set.md) added -- instead of sorting them like
[`json_editable_document`](json_editable_document.md) does.
## Examples
??? example
The example below edits a document with `set`, then shows that `materialize()` keeps the member order of the
source text (with the new member at the end) for `ordered_json_editable_document`, where it would sort the
members alphabetically for [`json_editable_document`](json_editable_document.md).
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/ordered_json_editable_document.cpp"
```
Output:
```json
--8<-- "examples/ordered_json_editable_document.output"
```
## See also
- [ordered_json_editable_view](ordered_json_editable_view.md) - a view of a value of an
`ordered_json_editable_document`
- [ordered_json_document](ordered_json_document.md) - the read-only document this type adds edits to
- [json_editable_document](json_editable_document.md) - the corresponding editable document for the default `json`
specialization
- [Object Order](../features/object_order.md)
- [Edits](basic_json_document/index.md#edits) - what an edit guarantees
## Version history
Since version 3.13.0.

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@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
# <small>nlohmann::</small>ordered_json_editable_view
<small>Defined in header `<nlohmann/json_view.hpp>`</small>
```cpp
using ordered_json_editable_view = basic_json_view<ordered_json, true>;
```
This type is a [`basic_json_view`](basic_json_view/index.md) of a value of an
[`ordered_json_editable_document`](ordered_json_editable_document.md), the corresponding view for
[`ordered_json_view`](ordered_json_view.md) the way [`json_editable_view`](json_editable_view.md) is for
[`json_view`](json_view.md).
## Examples
??? example
The example below is the same as [`ordered_json_editable_document`'s](ordered_json_editable_document.md): the
views `set` returns see the document's member order preserved on `materialize()`, unlike for a
[`json_editable_document`](json_editable_document.md).
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/ordered_json_editable_document.cpp"
```
Output:
```json
--8<-- "examples/ordered_json_editable_document.output"
```
## See also
- [ordered_json_editable_document](ordered_json_editable_document.md) - the document type this view refers into
- [ordered_json_view](ordered_json_view.md) - the corresponding read-only view
- [json_editable_view](json_editable_view.md) - the corresponding view for `json_editable_document`
## Version history
Since version 3.13.0.

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@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
#include <iostream>
#include <nlohmann/json_view.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;
using json_editable_document = nlohmann::json_editable_document;
int main()
{
// "events" starts out null -- the first push_back() turns it into an
// array, exactly like set() turns a null object member into an object
json_editable_document doc = json_editable_document::parse(R"({"source": "sensor-1", "events": null})");
const auto first = doc.push_back(doc.root()["events"], json{{"type", "start"}, {"t", 0}});
for (int t = 1; t <= 3; ++t)
{
doc.push_back(doc.root()["events"], json{{"type", "tick"}, {"t", t}});
}
// push_back() never moves an existing element: a view taken from an
// earlier call still refers to the same element after later ones
std::cout << first.dump() << '\n';
std::cout << doc.root()["events"].size() << '\n';
std::cout << doc.root().dump(2) << '\n';
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
{"t":0,"type":"start"}
4
{
"source": "sensor-1",
"events": [
{
"t": 0,
"type": "start"
},
{
"t": 1,
"type": "tick"
},
{
"t": 2,
"type": "tick"
},
{
"t": 3,
"type": "tick"
}
]
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
#include <iostream>
#include <nlohmann/json_view.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;
using json_editable_document = nlohmann::json_editable_document;
using json_editable_view = nlohmann::json_editable_view;
int main()
{
// a configuration file, as it might be read from disk -- "price" is
// written with a trailing zero that has no effect on its value
const std::string text = R"({
"name": "cache",
"host": "db1",
"port": 6379,
"price": 19.90,
"replicas": ["db2", "db3"],
"timeout": 30
})";
json_editable_document doc = json_editable_document::parse(text);
doc.set(doc.root()["port"], 6380); // (1) replace a value
doc.set(doc.root(), "region", "us-east"); // (2) add a member
doc.set(doc.root()["replicas"], 0, "db4"); // (3) assign an element
doc.set(json::json_pointer("/timeout"), 45); // (4) via a JSON pointer
// members stay in document order (the new one at the end), and a number
// that was not itself edited keeps its exact spelling
std::cout << doc.root().dump(2, ' ', false, json_editable_view::number_format::source) << "\n\n";
// the same edits on a plain json value: object_t is a std::map, so
// parsing already sorted the keys, and dump() rewrites every number to
// its shortest form, even "price", which was never touched
json plain = json::parse(text);
plain["port"] = 6380;
plain["region"] = "us-east";
plain["replicas"][0] = "db4";
plain[json::json_pointer("/timeout")] = 45;
std::cout << plain.dump(2) << '\n';
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
{
"name": "cache",
"host": "db1",
"port": 6380,
"price": 19.90,
"replicas": [
"db4",
"db3"
],
"timeout": 45,
"region": "us-east"
}
{
"host": "db1",
"name": "cache",
"port": 6380,
"price": 19.9,
"region": "us-east",
"replicas": [
"db4",
"db3"
],
"timeout": 45
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
#include <iostream>
#include <nlohmann/json_view.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;
using json_editable_document = nlohmann::json_editable_document;
using json_editable_view = nlohmann::json_editable_view;
int main()
{
// a configuration file, as it might be read from disk
const std::string text = R"({"name": "cache", "host": "db1", "port": 6379, "price": 19.90})";
std::cout << text << "\n\n";
// patch two fields -- "price" is never touched
json_editable_document doc = json_editable_document::parse(text);
doc.set(doc.root(), "host", "db2");
doc.set(doc.root(), "retries", 3);
// member order (the new member at the end) and the untouched number's
// exact spelling survive
std::cout << doc.root().dump(-1, ' ', false, json_editable_view::number_format::source) << '\n';
// the same patch on a plain json value: keys are sorted (object_t is a
// std::map), and "price" is rewritten even though the patch never
// touched it
json plain = json::parse(text);
plain["host"] = "db2";
plain["retries"] = 3;
std::cout << plain.dump() << '\n';
}

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
{"name": "cache", "host": "db1", "port": 6379, "price": 19.90}
{"name":"cache","host":"db2","port":6379,"price":19.90,"retries":3}
{"host":"db2","name":"cache","port":6379,"price":19.9,"retries":3}

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
#include <iostream>
#include <nlohmann/json_view.hpp>
using ordered_json_editable_document = nlohmann::ordered_json_editable_document;
int main()
{
// ordered_json_editable_document is basic_json_document<nlohmann::ordered_json, true>
ordered_json_editable_document doc = ordered_json_editable_document::parse(R"({"z": 1, "a": 2, "m": 3})");
doc.set(doc.root(), "b", 4); // set() always appends a new member at the end
// materialize() preserves the document order (with "b" at the end),
// instead of sorting the keys the way json_editable_document does
std::cout << doc.root().materialize().dump() << '\n';
}

View File

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
{"z":1,"a":2,"m":3,"b":4}

View File

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ C++ types, and finally serialize it again.
[SAX interface](parsing/sax_interface.md), and [error handling](parsing/parse_exceptions.md).
- [Zero-copy JSON views](json_view.md) — read a JSON text through a flat index instead of building a `json` tree;
strings and numbers stay in the input and are only decoded when needed.
[Editable documents](json_view.md#editing-a-document) can also be modified.
- [Comments](comments.md) and [trailing commas](trailing_commas.md) — opt-in relaxations of the JSON grammar.
## Accessing and modifying values

View File

@@ -187,14 +187,72 @@ a number to its parsed `#!cpp double`/`#!cpp int64_t` value.
[`operator<<`](../api/basic_json_view/operator_ltlt.md) writes a view to a stream the way `basic_json`'s does, using
the stream's `width`/`fill` for indentation.
## Editing a document
Everything above is read-only: a `json_document`/`json_view` lets you look at a parsed text without copying it, but
not change it. [`basic_json_document<BasicJsonType, true>`](../api/basic_json_document/index.md) -- more conveniently
spelled [`json_editable_document`](../api/json_editable_document.md) or
[`ordered_json_editable_document`](../api/ordered_json_editable_document.md) -- also lets you
[`set`](../api/basic_json_document/set.md) a value and [`push_back`](../api/basic_json_document/push_back.md) onto
an array, still without ever building a `basic_json` tree for parts you do not touch.
`#!cpp Editable` defaults to `#!cpp false`, so `json_document`/`ordered_json_document` are unaffected -- they carry
none of the bookkeeping edits need, and calling `set`/`push_back` on one is a compile error, not a runtime one.
### Why: editing without reformatting
The `#!cpp 19.90` price from [above](#writing-a-view-back) is exactly the kind of value that makes editing a `json`
or `ordered_json` value in place lossy. Say you parse a configuration file, patch one field, and write it back:
- **`json`** re-sorts every key on the way in (`object_t` is a `#!cpp std::map`) and rewrites every number to its
shortest round-trip form on the way out -- a one-field patch turns into a diff that reorders the whole file and
rewrites `#!cpp 19.90` to `#!cpp 19.9`.
- **`ordered_json`** keeps the key order, but still rewrites every number the same way: parsing has already reduced
it to a `#!cpp double`/`#!cpp int64_t`, and there is no way back to how it was spelled in the source text.
An editable document keeps both. [`dump()`](../api/basic_json_view/dump.md) of an edited document writes members in
document order -- a member [`set`](../api/basic_json_document/set.md) added goes at the end, exactly where it was
inserted -- and [`number_format::source`](../api/basic_json_view/number_format.md) keeps the exact spelling of
every number an edit did not itself touch; a number an edit *did* touch is written the way
[`BasicJsonType::dump()`](../api/basic_json/dump.md) would write it, since there is no source spelling for a brand
new value.
??? example "Example: patch a configuration, keeping member order and number spellings"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/json_editable_document.cpp"
```
Output:
```json
--8<-- "examples/json_editable_document.output"
```
### What stays valid, and what an edit costs
The source text itself is **never written**, and the parsed index never moves -- a value keeps the node it was
parsed into for as long as it is not itself replaced. So every [view](../api/basic_json_view/index.md) taken before
an edit, including a previously obtained [`root()`](../api/basic_json_document/root.md), stays valid and, if it
still refers to the edited value, sees the edit; a view of a value a later edit drops or replaces just keeps showing
what it last held. New values go to storage the document allocates and owns on demand. The one thing an edit does
invalidate is the **iterators** taken over an edited array or object: the first time one of its elements is set or
appended to, its elements move from the parsed, fixed layout to a growable block of links so that
[`push_back`](../api/basic_json_document/push_back.md) can later grow it in amortized constant time -- existing
elements are not touched, but an iterator that was walking the old layout no longer matches. A string obtained with
[`get_string()`](../api/basic_json_view/get_string.md) is unaffected either way and stays valid across further
edits. See [`basic_json_document`'s Edits](../api/basic_json_document/index.md#edits) for the details, and
[`set`'s Exception safety](../api/basic_json_document/set.md#exception-safety) for what an edit guarantees if it
throws (the *basic* guarantee, not the strong one `dump()` and the read-only functions provide).
## Choosing between `json`, `ordered_json`, the SAX interface, and `json_view`
| | [`json`](../api/json.md) / [`ordered_json`](../api/ordered_json.md) | [SAX interface](parsing/sax_interface.md) | [`json_document`](../api/json_document.md) / [`json_view`](../api/json_view.md) |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Ownership** | owns every value | owns nothing; you decide what to keep, in your handler | borrows or owns the *text*; the index is always owned by the document |
| **Mutability** | freely mutable | not applicable (a one-shot event stream) | read-only |
| **What you get** | a full tree you can read, write, and keep as long as you like | a sequence of callbacks; whatever your handler builds from them | a flat index plus, on demand, [`materialize()`](../api/basic_json_view/materialize.md)d `json`/`ordered_json` values for the parts you actually use |
| **Typical use** | general-purpose JSON handling: config, request/response bodies you build or modify, anything you hold onto | validating or projecting a text into your own data structure without ever holding the whole thing as JSON | large or high-volume input where you only need part of it, or need it repeatedly, and can keep the source text (or a copy) alive for as long as the document lives |
| | [`json`](../api/json.md) / [`ordered_json`](../api/ordered_json.md) | [SAX interface](parsing/sax_interface.md) | [`json_document`](../api/json_document.md) / [`json_view`](../api/json_view.md) | [`json_editable_document`](../api/json_editable_document.md) / [`json_editable_view`](../api/json_editable_view.md) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| **Ownership** | owns every value | owns nothing; you decide what to keep, in your handler | borrows or owns the *text*; the index is always owned by the document | same as `json_document`; edits go to storage the document owns |
| **Mutability** | freely mutable | not applicable (a one-shot event stream) | read-only | [`set`](../api/basic_json_document/set.md)/[`push_back`](../api/basic_json_document/push_back.md) edit in place; the source text is never rewritten |
| **What you get** | a full tree you can read, write, and keep as long as you like | a sequence of callbacks; whatever your handler builds from them | a flat index plus, on demand, [`materialize()`](../api/basic_json_view/materialize.md)d `json`/`ordered_json` values for the parts you actually use | the same, plus [`dump()`](../api/basic_json_view/dump.md) of an edited document that keeps the member order and, with [`number_format::source`](../api/basic_json_view/number_format.md), the spelling of every untouched number |
| **Typical use** | general-purpose JSON handling: config, request/response bodies you build or modify, anything you hold onto | validating or projecting a text into your own data structure without ever holding the whole thing as JSON | large or high-volume input where you only need part of it, or need it repeatedly, and can keep the source text (or a copy) alive for as long as the document lives | a document you read, patch a few fields of, and write back -- a configuration file, for instance -- where the rest of it should come back exactly as it was |
## Version history

View File

@@ -782,6 +782,24 @@ The dynamic type of the object cannot be represented in the requested serializat
Encapsulate the JSON value in an object. That is, instead of serializing `#!json true`, serialize `#!json {"value": true}`
### json.exception.type_error.319
[`basic_json_document::set`](../api/basic_json_document/set.md) and
[`basic_json_document::push_back`](../api/basic_json_document/push_back.md) can store any `basic_json` value except
a binary one: a `json_document` has no representation for [binary values](../features/binary_values.md), which only
ever arise from parsing a binary format or from an explicit [`json::binary`](../api/basic_json/binary.md) value, not
from JSON text.
!!! failure "Example message"
```
[json.exception.type_error.319] cannot store a binary value in a json_document
```
!!! note
This exception was added in version 3.13.0, together with editable [`json_document`s](../features/json_view.md).
## Out of range
This exception is thrown in case a library function is called on an input parameter that exceeds the expected range, for instance, in the case of array indices or nonexisting object keys.
@@ -1006,13 +1024,19 @@ MessagePack's ext type and BSON's binary subtype are each stored in a single byt
[`basic_json_document::parse()`](../api/basic_json_document/parse.md) and the other parsing functions of
[`basic_json_document`](../api/basic_json_document/index.md) index a value's position in the source text in 32 bits,
so they do not support an input of 4 GiB or more.
so they do not support an input of 4 GiB or more. The same 32-bit limit applies to an **editable** document's own
storage: [`set`](../api/basic_json_document/set.md) and [`push_back`](../api/basic_json_document/push_back.md) throw
this exception once the strings and number tokens written by edits reach 4 GiB in total, or once more than
4294967295 arrays/objects have had an element set or appended to them.
!!! failure "Example message"
!!! failure "Example messages"
```
[json.exception.out_of_range.416] input of 4 GiB or more is not supported by json_document
```
```
[json.exception.out_of_range.416] edits of 4 GiB or more are not supported by json_document
```
!!! note

View File

@@ -239,8 +239,10 @@ nav:
- 'owns_source': api/basic_json_document/owns_source.md
- 'parse': api/basic_json_document/parse.md
- 'parse_copy': api/basic_json_document/parse_copy.md
- 'push_back': api/basic_json_document/push_back.md
- 'read': api/basic_json_document/read.md
- 'root': api/basic_json_document/root.md
- 'set': api/basic_json_document/set.md
- 'shrink_to_fit': api/basic_json_document/shrink_to_fit.md
- 'source': api/basic_json_document/source.md
- basic_json_view:
@@ -301,6 +303,8 @@ nav:
- 'to_json': api/adl_serializer/to_json.md
- 'json': api/json.md
- 'json_document': api/json_document.md
- 'json_editable_document': api/json_editable_document.md
- 'json_editable_view': api/json_editable_view.md
- json_pointer:
- 'Overview': api/json_pointer/index.md
- '(Constructor)': api/json_pointer/json_pointer.md
@@ -341,6 +345,8 @@ nav:
- 'operator""_json_pointer': api/operator_literal_json_pointer.md
- 'ordered_json': api/ordered_json.md
- 'ordered_json_document': api/ordered_json_document.md
- 'ordered_json_editable_document': api/ordered_json_editable_document.md
- 'ordered_json_editable_view': api/ordered_json_editable_view.md
- 'ordered_json_view': api/ordered_json_view.md
- 'ordered_map': api/ordered_map.md
- macros: