GC checks stack space before running finalizer

If the stack does not have some minimum available space, the GC defers
calling a finalizer until the next cycle. That avoids errors while
running a finalizer that the programmer cannot control.

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+.gitattributes
+
+*.so
+*.o
+*.a
+
+manual/manual.html
+
+testes/time.txt
+testes/time-debug.txt
+
+testes/libs/all
+
+temp
+lua

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Lua
+
+This is the repository of Lua development code, as seen by the Lua team. It contains the full history of all commits but is mirrored irregularly. For complete information about Lua, visit [Lua.org](https://www.lua.org/).
+
+Please **do not** send pull requests. To report issues, post a message to the [Lua mailing list](https://www.lua.org/lua-l.html).
+
+Download official Lua releases from [Lua.org](https://www.lua.org/download.html).

all

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+make -s -j
+cd testes/libs; make -s
+cd ..     # back to directory 'testes'
+ulimit -S -s 1100
+if { ../lua -W all.lua; } then
+  echo -e "\n\n    final OK!!!!\n\n"
+else
+  echo -e "\n\n    >>>> BUG!!!!\n\n"
+fi

lapi.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lapi.h,v 2.6 2009/08/31 14:26:28 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lapi.h $
 ** Auxiliary functions from Lua API
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -11,14 +11,55 @@
 #include "llimits.h"
 #include "lstate.h"
 
-#define api_incr_top(L)   {L->top++; api_check(L, L->top <= L->ci->top, \
-				"stack overflow");}
 
+#if defined(LUA_USE_APICHECK)
+#include <assert.h>
+#define api_check(l,e,msg)	assert(e)
+#else	/* for testing */
+#define api_check(l,e,msg)	((void)(l), lua_assert((e) && msg))
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* Increments 'L->top.p', checking for stack overflows */
+#define api_incr_top(L)  \
+    (L->top.p++, api_check(L, L->top.p <= L->ci->top.p, "stack overflow"))
+
+
+/*
+** macros that are executed whenever program enters the Lua core
+** ('lua_lock') and leaves the core ('lua_unlock')
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_lock)
+#define lua_lock(L)	((void) 0)
+#define lua_unlock(L)	((void) 0)
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** If a call returns too many multiple returns, the callee may not have
+** stack space to accommodate all results. In this case, this macro
+** increases its stack space ('L->ci->top.p').
+*/
 #define adjustresults(L,nres) \
-    { if ((nres) == LUA_MULTRET && L->ci->top < L->top) L->ci->top = L->top; }
+    { if ((nres) <= LUA_MULTRET && L->ci->top.p < L->top.p) \
+	L->ci->top.p = L->top.p; }
 
-#define api_checknelems(L,n)	api_check(L, (n) < (L->top - L->ci->func), \
-				  "not enough elements in the stack")
 
+/* Ensure the stack has at least 'n' elements */
+#define api_checknelems(L,n) \
+       api_check(L, (n) < (L->top.p - L->ci->func.p), \
+                         "not enough elements in the stack")
+
+
+/* Ensure the stack has at least 'n' elements to be popped. (Some
+** functions only update a slot after checking it for popping, but that
+** is only an optimization for a pop followed by a push.)
+*/
+#define api_checkpop(L,n) \
+	api_check(L, (n) < L->top.p - L->ci->func.p &&  \
+                     L->tbclist.p < L->top.p - (n), \
+			  "not enough free elements in the stack")
 
 #endif

lauxlib.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lauxlib.h,v 1.119 2011/11/14 17:10:24 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lauxlib.h $
 ** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -12,44 +12,60 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
+#include "luaconf.h"
 #include "lua.h"
 
 
+/* global table */
+#define LUA_GNAME	"_G"
 
-/* extra error code for `luaL_load' */
+
+typedef struct luaL_Buffer luaL_Buffer;
+
+
+/* extra error code for 'luaL_loadfilex' */
 #define LUA_ERRFILE     (LUA_ERRERR+1)
 
 
+/* key, in the registry, for table of loaded modules */
+#define LUA_LOADED_TABLE	"_LOADED"
+
+
+/* key, in the registry, for table of preloaded loaders */
+#define LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE	"_PRELOAD"
+
+
 typedef struct luaL_Reg {
   const char *name;
   lua_CFunction func;
 } luaL_Reg;
 
 
-LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkversion_) (lua_State *L, lua_Number ver);
-#define luaL_checkversion(L)	luaL_checkversion_(L, LUA_VERSION_NUM)
+#define LUAL_NUMSIZES	(sizeof(lua_Integer)*16 + sizeof(lua_Number))
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkversion_) (lua_State *L, lua_Number ver, size_t sz);
+#define luaL_checkversion(L)  \
+	  luaL_checkversion_(L, LUA_VERSION_NUM, LUAL_NUMSIZES)
 
 LUALIB_API int (luaL_getmetafield) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
 LUALIB_API int (luaL_callmeta) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
 LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_tolstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);
-LUALIB_API int (luaL_argerror) (lua_State *L, int numarg, const char *extramsg);
-LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_checklstring) (lua_State *L, int numArg,
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_argerror) (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *extramsg);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_typeerror) (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_checklstring) (lua_State *L, int arg,
                                                           size_t *l);
-LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_optlstring) (lua_State *L, int numArg,
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_optlstring) (lua_State *L, int arg,
                                           const char *def, size_t *l);
-LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_checknumber) (lua_State *L, int numArg);
-LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_optnumber) (lua_State *L, int nArg, lua_Number def);
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_checknumber) (lua_State *L, int arg);
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_optnumber) (lua_State *L, int arg, lua_Number def);
 
-LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_checkinteger) (lua_State *L, int numArg);
-LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_optinteger) (lua_State *L, int nArg,
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_checkinteger) (lua_State *L, int arg);
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_optinteger) (lua_State *L, int arg,
                                           lua_Integer def);
-LUALIB_API lua_Unsigned (luaL_checkunsigned) (lua_State *L, int numArg);
-LUALIB_API lua_Unsigned (luaL_optunsigned) (lua_State *L, int numArg,
-                                            lua_Unsigned def);
 
 LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);
-LUALIB_API void (luaL_checktype) (lua_State *L, int narg, int t);
-LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkany) (lua_State *L, int narg);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checktype) (lua_State *L, int arg, int t);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkany) (lua_State *L, int arg);
 
 LUALIB_API int   (luaL_newmetatable) (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
 LUALIB_API void  (luaL_setmetatable) (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
@@ -59,13 +75,17 @@ LUALIB_API void *(luaL_checkudata) (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname);
 LUALIB_API void (luaL_where) (lua_State *L, int lvl);
 LUALIB_API int (luaL_error) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
 
-LUALIB_API int (luaL_checkoption) (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *def,
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_checkoption) (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *def,
                                    const char *const lst[]);
 
 LUALIB_API int (luaL_fileresult) (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname);
 LUALIB_API int (luaL_execresult) (lua_State *L, int stat);
 
-/* pre-defined references */
+LUALIB_API void *luaL_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize,
+                                                  size_t nsize);
+
+
+/* predefined references */
 #define LUA_NOREF       (-2)
 #define LUA_REFNIL      (-1)
 
@@ -83,10 +103,14 @@ LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
 
 LUALIB_API lua_State *(luaL_newstate) (void);
 
-LUALIB_API int (luaL_len) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUALIB_API unsigned luaL_makeseed (lua_State *L);
 
-LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_gsub) (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *p,
-                                                  const char *r);
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_len) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addgsub) (luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+                                     const char *p, const char *r);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_gsub) (lua_State *L, const char *s,
+                                    const char *p, const char *r);
 
 LUALIB_API void (luaL_setfuncs) (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);
 
@@ -108,16 +132,17 @@ LUALIB_API void (luaL_requiref) (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
 #define luaL_newlibtable(L,l)	\
   lua_createtable(L, 0, sizeof(l)/sizeof((l)[0]) - 1)
 
-#define luaL_newlib(L,l)	(luaL_newlibtable(L,l), luaL_setfuncs(L,l,0))
+#define luaL_newlib(L,l)  \
+  (luaL_checkversion(L), luaL_newlibtable(L,l), luaL_setfuncs(L,l,0))
+
+#define luaL_argcheck(L, cond,arg,extramsg)	\
+	((void)(luai_likely(cond) || luaL_argerror(L, (arg), (extramsg))))
+
+#define luaL_argexpected(L,cond,arg,tname)	\
+	((void)(luai_likely(cond) || luaL_typeerror(L, (arg), (tname))))
 
-#define luaL_argcheck(L, cond,numarg,extramsg)	\
-		((void)((cond) || luaL_argerror(L, (numarg), (extramsg))))
 #define luaL_checkstring(L,n)	(luaL_checklstring(L, (n), NULL))
 #define luaL_optstring(L,n,d)	(luaL_optlstring(L, (n), (d), NULL))
-#define luaL_checkint(L,n)	((int)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
-#define luaL_optint(L,n,d)	((int)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
-#define luaL_checklong(L,n)	((long)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
-#define luaL_optlong(L,n,d)	((long)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
 
 #define luaL_typename(L,i)	lua_typename(L, lua_type(L,(i)))
 
@@ -134,19 +159,43 @@ LUALIB_API void (luaL_requiref) (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
 #define luaL_loadbuffer(L,s,sz,n)	luaL_loadbufferx(L,s,sz,n,NULL)
 
 
+/*
+** Perform arithmetic operations on lua_Integer values with wrap-around
+** semantics, as the Lua core does.
+*/
+#define luaL_intop(op,v1,v2)  \
+	((lua_Integer)((lua_Unsigned)(v1) op (lua_Unsigned)(v2)))
+
+
+/* push the value used to represent failure/error */
+#if defined(LUA_FAILISFALSE)
+#define luaL_pushfail(L)	lua_pushboolean(L, 0)
+#else
+#define luaL_pushfail(L)	lua_pushnil(L)
+#endif
+
+
+
 /*
 ** {======================================================
 ** Generic Buffer manipulation
 ** =======================================================
 */
 
-typedef struct luaL_Buffer {
+struct luaL_Buffer {
   char *b;  /* buffer address */
   size_t size;  /* buffer size */
   size_t n;  /* number of characters in buffer */
   lua_State *L;
-  char initb[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE];  /* initial buffer */
-} luaL_Buffer;
+  union {
+    LUAI_MAXALIGN;  /* ensure maximum alignment for buffer */
+    char b[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE];  /* initial buffer */
+  } init;
+};
+
+
+#define luaL_bufflen(bf)	((bf)->n)
+#define luaL_buffaddr(bf)	((bf)->b)
 
 
 #define luaL_addchar(B,c) \
@@ -155,6 +204,8 @@ typedef struct luaL_Buffer {
 
 #define luaL_addsize(B,s)	((B)->n += (s))
 
+#define luaL_buffsub(B,s)	((B)->n -= (s))
+
 LUALIB_API void (luaL_buffinit) (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);
 LUALIB_API char *(luaL_prepbuffsize) (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
 LUALIB_API void (luaL_addlstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);
@@ -193,18 +244,26 @@ typedef struct luaL_Stream {
 /* }====================================================== */
 
 
+/*
+** {============================================================
+** Compatibility with deprecated conversions
+** =============================================================
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_APIINTCASTS)
 
-/* compatibility with old module system */
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)
+#define luaL_checkunsigned(L,a)	((lua_Unsigned)luaL_checkinteger(L,a))
+#define luaL_optunsigned(L,a,d)	\
+	((lua_Unsigned)luaL_optinteger(L,a,(lua_Integer)(d)))
 
-LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushmodule) (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
-                                   int sizehint);
-LUALIB_API void (luaL_openlib) (lua_State *L, const char *libname,
-                                const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);
+#define luaL_checkint(L,n)	((int)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
+#define luaL_optint(L,n,d)	((int)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
 
-#define luaL_register(L,n,l)	(luaL_openlib(L,(n),(l),0))
+#define luaL_checklong(L,n)	((long)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
+#define luaL_optlong(L,n,d)	((long)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
 
 #endif
+/* }============================================================ */
+
 
 
 #endif

lbaselib.c

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lbaselib.c,v 1.273 2011/11/30 13:03:24 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lbaselib.c $
 ** Basic library
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
+#define lbaselib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
 
 
 #include <ctype.h>
@@ -11,86 +15,109 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#define lbaselib_c
-#define LUA_LIB
-
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 static int luaB_print (lua_State *L) {
   int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
   int i;
-  lua_getglobal(L, "tostring");
-  for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
-    const char *s;
+  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {  /* for each argument */
     size_t l;
-    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* function to be called */
-    lua_pushvalue(L, i);   /* value to print */
-    lua_call(L, 1, 1);
-    s = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &l);  /* get result */
-    if (s == NULL)
-      return luaL_error(L,
-         LUA_QL("tostring") " must return a string to " LUA_QL("print"));
-    if (i>1) luai_writestring("\t", 1);
-    luai_writestring(s, l);
+    const char *s = luaL_tolstring(L, i, &l);  /* convert it to string */
+    if (i > 1)  /* not the first element? */
+      lua_writestring("\t", 1);  /* add a tab before it */
+    lua_writestring(s, l);  /* print it */
     lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop result */
   }
-  luai_writeline();
+  lua_writeline();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Creates a warning with all given arguments.
+** Check first for errors; otherwise an error may interrupt
+** the composition of a warning, leaving it unfinished.
+*/
+static int luaB_warn (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  int i;
+  luaL_checkstring(L, 1);  /* at least one argument */
+  for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)
+    luaL_checkstring(L, i);  /* make sure all arguments are strings */
+  for (i = 1; i < n; i++)  /* compose warning */
+    lua_warning(L, lua_tostring(L, i), 1);
+  lua_warning(L, lua_tostring(L, n), 0);  /* close warning */
   return 0;
 }
 
 
 #define SPACECHARS	" \f\n\r\t\v"
 
+static const char *b_str2int (const char *s, unsigned base, lua_Integer *pn) {
+  lua_Unsigned n = 0;
+  int neg = 0;
+  s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS);  /* skip initial spaces */
+  if (*s == '-') { s++; neg = 1; }  /* handle sign */
+  else if (*s == '+') s++;
+  if (!isalnum(cast_uchar(*s)))  /* no digit? */
+    return NULL;
+  do {
+    unsigned digit = cast_uint(isdigit(cast_uchar(*s))
+                               ? *s - '0'
+                               : (toupper(cast_uchar(*s)) - 'A') + 10);
+    if (digit >= base) return NULL;  /* invalid numeral */
+    n = n * base + digit;
+    s++;
+  } while (isalnum(cast_uchar(*s)));
+  s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS);  /* skip trailing spaces */
+  *pn = (lua_Integer)((neg) ? (0u - n) : n);
+  return s;
+}
+
+
 static int luaB_tonumber (lua_State *L) {
-  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 2)) {  /* standard conversion */
-    int isnum;
-    lua_Number n = lua_tonumberx(L, 1, &isnum);
-    if (isnum) {
-      lua_pushnumber(L, n);
+  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 2)) {  /* standard conversion? */
+    if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TNUMBER) {  /* already a number? */
+      lua_settop(L, 1);  /* yes; return it */
       return 1;
-    }  /* else not a number; must be something */
-    luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+    }
+    else {
+      size_t l;
+      const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
+      if (s != NULL && lua_stringtonumber(L, s) == l + 1)
+        return 1;  /* successful conversion to number */
+      /* else not a number */
+      luaL_checkany(L, 1);  /* (but there must be some parameter) */
+    }
   }
   else {
     size_t l;
-    const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
-    const char *e = s + l;  /* end point for 's' */
-    int base = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
-    int neg = 0;
+    const char *s;
+    lua_Integer n = 0;  /* to avoid warnings */
+    lua_Integer base = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+    luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TSTRING);  /* no numbers as strings */
+    s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
     luaL_argcheck(L, 2 <= base && base <= 36, 2, "base out of range");
-    s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS);  /* skip initial spaces */
-    if (*s == '-') { s++; neg = 1; }  /* handle signal */
-    else if (*s == '+') s++;
-    if (isalnum((unsigned char)*s)) {
-      lua_Number n = 0;
-      do {
-        int digit = (isdigit((unsigned char)*s)) ? *s - '0'
-                       : toupper((unsigned char)*s) - 'A' + 10;
-        if (digit >= base) break;  /* invalid numeral; force a fail */
-        n = n * (lua_Number)base + (lua_Number)digit;
-        s++;
-      } while (isalnum((unsigned char)*s));
-      s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS);  /* skip trailing spaces */
-      if (s == e) {  /* no invalid trailing characters? */
-        lua_pushnumber(L, (neg) ? -n : n);
-        return 1;
-      }  /* else not a number */
+    if (b_str2int(s, cast_uint(base), &n) == s + l) {
+      lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+      return 1;
     }  /* else not a number */
-  }
-  lua_pushnil(L);  /* not a number */
+  }  /* else not a number */
+  luaL_pushfail(L);  /* not a number */
   return 1;
 }
 
 
 static int luaB_error (lua_State *L) {
-  int level = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);
+  int level = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1);
   lua_settop(L, 1);
-  if (lua_isstring(L, 1) && level > 0) {  /* add extra information? */
-    luaL_where(L, level);
+  if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TSTRING && level > 0) {
+    luaL_where(L, level);   /* add extra information */
     lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
     lua_concat(L, 2);
   }
@@ -112,9 +139,8 @@ static int luaB_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {
 static int luaB_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
   int t = lua_type(L, 2);
   luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
-  luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2,
-                    "nil or table expected");
-  if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable"))
+  luaL_argexpected(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2, "nil or table");
+  if (l_unlikely(luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable") != LUA_TNIL))
     return luaL_error(L, "cannot change a protected metatable");
   lua_settop(L, 2);
   lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
@@ -132,9 +158,9 @@ static int luaB_rawequal (lua_State *L) {
 
 static int luaB_rawlen (lua_State *L) {
   int t = lua_type(L, 1);
-  luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TTABLE || t == LUA_TSTRING, 1,
-                   "table or string expected");
-  lua_pushinteger(L, lua_rawlen(L, 1));
+  luaL_argexpected(L, t == LUA_TTABLE || t == LUA_TSTRING, 1,
+                      "table or string");
+  lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(lua_rawlen(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -157,56 +183,85 @@ static int luaB_rawset (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
-static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
-  static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect",
-    "count", "step", "setpause", "setstepmul",
-    "setmajorinc", "isrunning", "generational", "incremental", NULL};
-  static const int optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT,
-    LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCSETPAUSE, LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL,
-    LUA_GCSETMAJORINC, LUA_GCISRUNNING, LUA_GCGEN, LUA_GCINC};
-  int o = optsnum[luaL_checkoption(L, 1, "collect", opts)];
-  int ex = luaL_optint(L, 2, 0);
-  int res = lua_gc(L, o, ex);
-  switch (o) {
-    case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
-      int b = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB, 0);
-      lua_pushnumber(L, res + ((lua_Number)b/1024));
-      lua_pushinteger(L, b);
-      return 2;
-    }
-    case LUA_GCSTEP: case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
-      lua_pushboolean(L, res);
-      return 1;
-    }
-    default: {
-      lua_pushinteger(L, res);
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-
-static int luaB_type (lua_State *L) {
-  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
-  lua_pushstring(L, luaL_typename(L, 1));
+static int pushmode (lua_State *L, int oldmode) {
+  if (oldmode == -1)
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* invalid call to 'lua_gc' */
+  else
+    lua_pushstring(L, (oldmode == LUA_GCINC) ? "incremental"
+                                             : "generational");
   return 1;
 }
 
 
-static int pairsmeta (lua_State *L, const char *method, int iszero,
-                      lua_CFunction iter) {
-  if (!luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, method)) {  /* no metamethod? */
-    luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);  /* argument must be a table */
-    lua_pushcfunction(L, iter);  /* will return generator, */
-    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* state, */
-    if (iszero) lua_pushinteger(L, 0);  /* and initial value */
-    else lua_pushnil(L);
+/*
+** check whether call to 'lua_gc' was valid (not inside a finalizer)
+*/
+#define checkvalres(res) { if (res == -1) break; }
+
+static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
+  static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect",
+    "count", "step", "isrunning", "generational", "incremental",
+    "param", NULL};
+  static const char optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT,
+    LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCISRUNNING, LUA_GCGEN, LUA_GCINC,
+    LUA_GCPARAM};
+  int o = optsnum[luaL_checkoption(L, 1, "collect", opts)];
+  switch (o) {
+    case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
+      int k = lua_gc(L, o);
+      int b = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB);
+      checkvalres(k);
+      lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)k + ((lua_Number)b/1024));
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCSTEP: {
+      lua_Integer n = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+      int res = lua_gc(L, o, cast_sizet(n));
+      checkvalres(res);
+      lua_pushboolean(L, res);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
+      int res = lua_gc(L, o);
+      checkvalres(res);
+      lua_pushboolean(L, res);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCGEN: {
+      return pushmode(L, lua_gc(L, o));
+    }
+    case LUA_GCINC: {
+      return pushmode(L, lua_gc(L, o));
+    }
+    case LUA_GCPARAM: {
+      static const char *const params[] = {
+        "minormul", "majorminor", "minormajor",
+        "pause", "stepmul", "stepsize", NULL};
+      static const char pnum[] = {
+        LUA_GCPMINORMUL, LUA_GCPMAJORMINOR, LUA_GCPMINORMAJOR,
+        LUA_GCPPAUSE, LUA_GCPSTEPMUL, LUA_GCPSTEPSIZE};
+      int p = pnum[luaL_checkoption(L, 2, NULL, params)];
+      lua_Integer value = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, -1);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, lua_gc(L, o, p, (int)value));
+      return 1;
+    }
+    default: {
+      int res = lua_gc(L, o);
+      checkvalres(res);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, res);
+      return 1;
+    }
   }
-  else {
-    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* argument 'self' to metamethod */
-    lua_call(L, 1, 3);  /* get 3 values from metamethod */
-  }
-  return 3;
+  luaL_pushfail(L);  /* invalid call (inside a finalizer) */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_type (lua_State *L) {
+  int t = lua_type(L, 1);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, t != LUA_TNONE, 1, "value expected");
+  lua_pushstring(L, lua_typename(L, t));
+  return 1;
 }
 
 
@@ -222,47 +277,82 @@ static int luaB_next (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
+static int pairscont (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext k) {
+  (void)L; (void)status; (void)k;  /* unused */
+  return 4;  /* __pairs did all the work, just return its results */
+}
+
 static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {
-  return pairsmeta(L, "__pairs", 0, luaB_next);
-}
-
-
-static int ipairsaux (lua_State *L) {
-  int i = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
-  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
-  i++;  /* next value */
-  lua_pushinteger(L, i);
-  lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
-  return (lua_isnil(L, -1)) ? 1 : 2;
-}
-
-
-static int luaB_ipairs (lua_State *L) {
-  return pairsmeta(L, "__ipairs", 1, ipairsaux);
-}
-
-
-static int load_aux (lua_State *L, int status) {
-  if (status == LUA_OK)
-    return 1;
-  else {
-    lua_pushnil(L);
-    lua_insert(L, -2);  /* put before error message */
-    return 2;  /* return nil plus error message */
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__pairs") == LUA_TNIL) {  /* no metamethod? */
+    lua_pushcfunction(L, luaB_next);  /* will return generator and */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* state */
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* initial value */
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* to-be-closed object */
   }
+  else {
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* argument 'self' to metamethod */
+    lua_callk(L, 1, 4, 0, pairscont);  /* get 4 values from metamethod */
+  }
+  return 4;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traversal function for 'ipairs'
+*/
+static int ipairsaux (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer i = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  i = luaL_intop(+, i, 1);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, i);
+  return (lua_geti(L, 1, i) == LUA_TNIL) ? 1 : 2;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** 'ipairs' function. Returns 'ipairsaux', given "table", 0.
+** (The given "table" may not be a table.)
+*/
+static int luaB_ipairs (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, ipairsaux);  /* iteration function */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* state */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, 0);  /* initial value */
+  return 3;
+}
+
+
+static int load_aux (lua_State *L, int status, int envidx) {
+  if (l_likely(status == LUA_OK)) {
+    if (envidx != 0) {  /* 'env' parameter? */
+      lua_pushvalue(L, envidx);  /* environment for loaded function */
+      if (!lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1))  /* set it as 1st upvalue */
+        lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove 'env' if not used by previous call */
+    }
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {  /* error (message is on top of the stack) */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+    lua_insert(L, -2);  /* put before error message */
+    return 2;  /* return fail plus error message */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *getMode (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, idx, "bt");
+  if (strchr(mode, 'B') != NULL)  /* Lua code cannot use fixed buffers */
+    luaL_argerror(L, idx, "invalid mode");
+  return mode;
 }
 
 
 static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) {
   const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
-  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, NULL);
-  int env = !lua_isnone(L, 3);  /* 'env' parameter? */
+  const char *mode = getMode(L, 2);
+  int env = (!lua_isnone(L, 3) ? 3 : 0);  /* 'env' index or 0 if no 'env' */
   int status = luaL_loadfilex(L, fname, mode);
-  if (status == LUA_OK && env) {  /* 'env' parameter? */
-    lua_pushvalue(L, 3);
-    lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1);  /* set it as 1st upvalue of loaded chunk */
-  }
-  return load_aux(L, status);
+  return load_aux(L, status, env);
 }
 
 
@@ -282,7 +372,7 @@ static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) {
 
 
 /*
-** Reader for generic `load' function: `lua_load' uses the
+** Reader for generic 'load' function: 'lua_load' uses the
 ** stack for internal stuff, so the reader cannot change the
 ** stack top. Instead, it keeps its resulting string in a
 ** reserved slot inside the stack.
@@ -297,7 +387,7 @@ static const char *generic_reader (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
     *size = 0;
     return NULL;
   }
-  else if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
+  else if (l_unlikely(!lua_isstring(L, -1)))
     luaL_error(L, "reader function must return a string");
   lua_replace(L, RESERVEDSLOT);  /* save string in reserved slot */
   return lua_tolstring(L, RESERVEDSLOT, size);
@@ -307,9 +397,9 @@ static const char *generic_reader (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
 static int luaB_load (lua_State *L) {
   int status;
   size_t l;
-  int top = lua_gettop(L);
   const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
-  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 3, "bt");
+  const char *mode = getMode(L, 3);
+  int env = (!lua_isnone(L, 4) ? 4 : 0);  /* 'env' index or 0 if no 'env' */
   if (s != NULL) {  /* loading a string? */
     const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, s);
     status = luaL_loadbufferx(L, s, l, chunkname, mode);
@@ -320,17 +410,14 @@ static int luaB_load (lua_State *L) {
     lua_settop(L, RESERVEDSLOT);  /* create reserved slot */
     status = lua_load(L, generic_reader, NULL, chunkname, mode);
   }
-  if (status == LUA_OK && top >= 4) {  /* is there an 'env' argument */
-    lua_pushvalue(L, 4);  /* environment for loaded function */
-    lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1);  /* set it as 1st upvalue */
-  }
-  return load_aux(L, status);
+  return load_aux(L, status, env);
 }
 
 /* }====================================================== */
 
 
-static int dofilecont (lua_State *L) {
+static int dofilecont (lua_State *L, int d1, lua_KContext d2) {
+  (void)d1;  (void)d2;  /* only to match 'lua_Kfunction' prototype */
   return lua_gettop(L) - 1;
 }
 
@@ -338,16 +425,23 @@ static int dofilecont (lua_State *L) {
 static int luaB_dofile (lua_State *L) {
   const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
   lua_settop(L, 1);
-  if (luaL_loadfile(L, fname) != LUA_OK) lua_error(L);
+  if (l_unlikely(luaL_loadfile(L, fname) != LUA_OK))
+    return lua_error(L);
   lua_callk(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0, dofilecont);
-  return dofilecont(L);
+  return dofilecont(L, 0, 0);
 }
 
 
 static int luaB_assert (lua_State *L) {
-  if (!lua_toboolean(L, 1))
-    return luaL_error(L, "%s", luaL_optstring(L, 2, "assertion failed!"));
-  return lua_gettop(L);
+  if (l_likely(lua_toboolean(L, 1)))  /* condition is true? */
+    return lua_gettop(L);  /* return all arguments */
+  else {  /* error */
+    luaL_checkany(L, 1);  /* there must be a condition */
+    lua_remove(L, 1);  /* remove it */
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "assertion failed!");  /* default message */
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* leave only message (default if no other one) */
+    return luaB_error(L);  /* call 'error' */
+  }
 }
 
 
@@ -358,53 +452,57 @@ static int luaB_select (lua_State *L) {
     return 1;
   }
   else {
-    int i = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
+    lua_Integer i = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
     if (i < 0) i = n + i;
     else if (i > n) i = n;
     luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= i, 1, "index out of range");
-    return n - i;
+    return n - (int)i;
   }
 }
 
 
-static int finishpcall (lua_State *L, int status) {
-  if (!lua_checkstack(L, 1)) {  /* no space for extra boolean? */
-    lua_settop(L, 0);  /* create space for return values */
-    lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
-    lua_pushstring(L, "stack overflow");
+/*
+** Continuation function for 'pcall' and 'xpcall'. Both functions
+** already pushed a 'true' before doing the call, so in case of success
+** 'finishpcall' only has to return everything in the stack minus
+** 'extra' values (where 'extra' is exactly the number of items to be
+** ignored).
+*/
+static int finishpcall (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext extra) {
+  if (l_unlikely(status != LUA_OK && status != LUA_YIELD)) {  /* error? */
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 0);  /* first result (false) */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* error message */
     return 2;  /* return false, msg */
   }
-  lua_pushboolean(L, status);  /* first result (status) */
-  lua_replace(L, 1);  /* put first result in first slot */
-  return lua_gettop(L);
-}
-
-
-static int pcallcont (lua_State *L) {
-  int status = lua_getctx(L, NULL);
-  return finishpcall(L, (status == LUA_YIELD));
+  else
+    return lua_gettop(L) - (int)extra;  /* return all results */
 }
 
 
 static int luaB_pcall (lua_State *L) {
   int status;
   luaL_checkany(L, 1);
-  lua_pushnil(L);
-  lua_insert(L, 1);  /* create space for status result */
-  status = lua_pcallk(L, lua_gettop(L) - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 0, 0, pcallcont);
-  return finishpcall(L, (status == LUA_OK));
+  lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* first result if no errors */
+  lua_insert(L, 1);  /* put it in place */
+  status = lua_pcallk(L, lua_gettop(L) - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 0, 0, finishpcall);
+  return finishpcall(L, status, 0);
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Do a protected call with error handling. After 'lua_rotate', the
+** stack will have <f, err, true, f, [args...]>; so, the function passes
+** 2 to 'finishpcall' to skip the 2 first values when returning results.
+*/
 static int luaB_xpcall (lua_State *L) {
   int status;
   int n = lua_gettop(L);
-  luaL_argcheck(L, n >= 2, 2, "value expected");
-  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* exchange function... */
-  lua_copy(L, 2, 1);  /* ...and error handler */
-  lua_replace(L, 2);
-  status = lua_pcallk(L, n - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 1, 0, pcallcont);
-  return finishpcall(L, (status == LUA_OK));
+  luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);  /* check error function */
+  lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* first result */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* function */
+  lua_rotate(L, 3, 2);  /* move them below function's arguments */
+  status = lua_pcallk(L, n - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 2, 2, finishpcall);
+  return finishpcall(L, status, 2);
 }
 
 
@@ -424,13 +522,11 @@ static const luaL_Reg base_funcs[] = {
   {"ipairs", luaB_ipairs},
   {"loadfile", luaB_loadfile},
   {"load", luaB_load},
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOADSTRING)
-  {"loadstring", luaB_load},
-#endif
   {"next", luaB_next},
   {"pairs", luaB_pairs},
   {"pcall", luaB_pcall},
   {"print", luaB_print},
+  {"warn", luaB_warn},
   {"rawequal", luaB_rawequal},
   {"rawlen", luaB_rawlen},
   {"rawget", luaB_rawget},
@@ -441,19 +537,23 @@ static const luaL_Reg base_funcs[] = {
   {"tostring", luaB_tostring},
   {"type", luaB_type},
   {"xpcall", luaB_xpcall},
+  /* placeholders */
+  {LUA_GNAME, NULL},
+  {"_VERSION", NULL},
   {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
 
 LUAMOD_API int luaopen_base (lua_State *L) {
-  /* set global _G */
-  lua_pushglobaltable(L);
-  lua_pushglobaltable(L);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, "_G");
   /* open lib into global table */
+  lua_pushglobaltable(L);
   luaL_setfuncs(L, base_funcs, 0);
+  /* set global _G */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, LUA_GNAME);
+  /* set global _VERSION */
   lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_VERSION);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, "_VERSION");  /* set global _VERSION */
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "_VERSION");
   return 1;
 }
 

lbitlib.c

@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
-/*
-** $Id: lbitlib.c,v 1.15 2010/12/17 13:26:38 roberto Exp roberto $
-** Standard library for bitwise operations
-** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
-*/
-
-#define lbitlib_c
-#define LUA_LIB
-
-#include "lua.h"
-
-#include "lauxlib.h"
-#include "lualib.h"
-
-
-/* number of bits to consider in a number */
-#if !defined(LUA_NBITS)
-#define LUA_NBITS	32
-#endif
-
-
-#define ALLONES		(~(((~(lua_Unsigned)0) << (LUA_NBITS - 1)) << 1))
-
-/* macro to trim extra bits */
-#define trim(x)		((x) & ALLONES)
-
-
-/* builds a number with 'n' ones (1 <= n <= LUA_NBITS) */
-#define mask(n)		(~((ALLONES << 1) << ((n) - 1)))
-
-
-typedef lua_Unsigned b_uint;
-
-
-
-static b_uint andaux (lua_State *L) {
-  int i, n = lua_gettop(L);
-  b_uint r = ~(b_uint)0;
-  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
-    r &= luaL_checkunsigned(L, i);
-  return trim(r);
-}
-
-
-static int b_and (lua_State *L) {
-  b_uint r = andaux(L);
-  lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
-static int b_test (lua_State *L) {
-  b_uint r = andaux(L);
-  lua_pushboolean(L, r != 0);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
-static int b_or (lua_State *L) {
-  int i, n = lua_gettop(L);
-  b_uint r = 0;
-  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
-    r |= luaL_checkunsigned(L, i);
-  lua_pushunsigned(L, trim(r));
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
-static int b_xor (lua_State *L) {
-  int i, n = lua_gettop(L);
-  b_uint r = 0;
-  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
-    r ^= luaL_checkunsigned(L, i);
-  lua_pushunsigned(L, trim(r));
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
-static int b_not (lua_State *L) {
-  b_uint r = ~luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
-  lua_pushunsigned(L, trim(r));
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
-static int b_shift (lua_State *L, b_uint r, int i) {
-  if (i < 0) {  /* shift right? */
-    i = -i;
-    r = trim(r);
-    if (i >= LUA_NBITS) r = 0;
-    else r >>= i;
-  }
-  else {  /* shift left */
-    if (i >= LUA_NBITS) r = 0;
-    else r <<= i;
-    r = trim(r);
-  }
-  lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
-static int b_lshift (lua_State *L) {
-  return b_shift(L, luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1), luaL_checkint(L, 2));
-}
-
-
-static int b_rshift (lua_State *L) {
-  return b_shift(L, luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1), -luaL_checkint(L, 2));
-}
-
-
-static int b_arshift (lua_State *L) {
-  b_uint r = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
-  int i = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
-  if (i < 0 || !(r & ((b_uint)1 << (LUA_NBITS - 1))))
-    return b_shift(L, r, -i);
-  else {  /* arithmetic shift for 'negative' number */
-    if (i >= LUA_NBITS) r = ALLONES;
-    else
-      r = trim((r >> i) | ~(~(b_uint)0 >> i));  /* add signal bit */
-    lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
-    return 1;
-  }
-}
-
-
-static int b_rot (lua_State *L, int i) {
-  b_uint r = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
-  i &= (LUA_NBITS - 1);  /* i = i % NBITS */
-  r = trim(r);
-  r = (r << i) | (r >> (LUA_NBITS - i));
-  lua_pushunsigned(L, trim(r));
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
-static int b_lrot (lua_State *L) {
-  return b_rot(L, luaL_checkint(L, 2));
-}
-
-
-static int b_rrot (lua_State *L) {
-  return b_rot(L, -luaL_checkint(L, 2));
-}
-
-
-/*
-** get field and width arguments for field-manipulation functions,
-** checking whether they are valid
-*/
-static int fieldargs (lua_State *L, int farg, int *width) {
-  int f = luaL_checkint(L, farg);
-  int w = luaL_optint(L, farg + 1, 1);
-  luaL_argcheck(L, 0 <= f, farg, "field cannot be negative");
-  luaL_argcheck(L, 0 < w, farg + 1, "width must be positive");
-  if (f + w > LUA_NBITS)
-    luaL_error(L, "trying to access non-existent bits");
-  *width = w;
-  return f;
-}
-
-
-static int b_extract (lua_State *L) {
-  int w;
-  b_uint r = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
-  int f = fieldargs(L, 2, &w);
-  r = (r >> f) & mask(w);
-  lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
-static int b_replace (lua_State *L) {
-  int w;
-  b_uint r = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
-  b_uint v = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 2);
-  int f = fieldargs(L, 3, &w);
-  int m = mask(w);
-  v &= m;  /* erase bits outside given width */
-  r = (r & ~(m << f)) | (v << f);
-  lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
-static const luaL_Reg bitlib[] = {
-  {"arshift", b_arshift},
-  {"band", b_and},
-  {"bnot", b_not},
-  {"bor", b_or},
-  {"bxor", b_xor},
-  {"btest", b_test},
-  {"extract", b_extract},
-  {"lrotate", b_lrot},
-  {"lshift", b_lshift},
-  {"replace", b_replace},
-  {"rrotate", b_rrot},
-  {"rshift", b_rshift},
-  {NULL, NULL}
-};
-
-
-
-LUAMOD_API int luaopen_bit32 (lua_State *L) {
-  luaL_newlib(L, bitlib);
-  return 1;
-}
-

lcode.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lcode.h,v 1.57 2011/04/07 18:14:12 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lcode.h $
 ** Code generator for Lua
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -24,45 +24,64 @@
 ** grep "ORDER OPR" if you change these enums  (ORDER OP)
 */
 typedef enum BinOpr {
-  OPR_ADD, OPR_SUB, OPR_MUL, OPR_DIV, OPR_MOD, OPR_POW,
+  /* arithmetic operators */
+  OPR_ADD, OPR_SUB, OPR_MUL, OPR_MOD, OPR_POW,
+  OPR_DIV, OPR_IDIV,
+  /* bitwise operators */
+  OPR_BAND, OPR_BOR, OPR_BXOR,
+  OPR_SHL, OPR_SHR,
+  /* string operator */
   OPR_CONCAT,
+  /* comparison operators */
   OPR_EQ, OPR_LT, OPR_LE,
   OPR_NE, OPR_GT, OPR_GE,
+  /* logical operators */
   OPR_AND, OPR_OR,
   OPR_NOBINOPR
 } BinOpr;
 
 
-typedef enum UnOpr { OPR_MINUS, OPR_NOT, OPR_LEN, OPR_NOUNOPR } UnOpr;
+/* true if operation is foldable (that is, it is arithmetic or bitwise) */
+#define foldbinop(op)	((op) <= OPR_SHR)
 
 
-#define getcode(fs,e)	((fs)->f->code[(e)->u.info])
+#define luaK_codeABC(fs,o,a,b,c)	luaK_codeABCk(fs,o,a,b,c,0)
+
+
+typedef enum UnOpr { OPR_MINUS, OPR_BNOT, OPR_NOT, OPR_LEN, OPR_NOUNOPR } UnOpr;
+
+
+/* get (pointer to) instruction of given 'expdesc' */
+#define getinstruction(fs,e)	((fs)->f->code[(e)->u.info])
 
-#define luaK_codeAsBx(fs,o,A,sBx)	luaK_codeABx(fs,o,A,(sBx)+MAXARG_sBx)
 
 #define luaK_setmultret(fs,e)	luaK_setreturns(fs, e, LUA_MULTRET)
 
 #define luaK_jumpto(fs,t)	luaK_patchlist(fs, luaK_jump(fs), t)
 
-LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, unsigned int Bx);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABC (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int B, int C);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codek (FuncState *fs, int reg, int k);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_code (FuncState *fs, Instruction i);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int Bx);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABCk (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int B, int C,
+                                            int k);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codevABCk (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int B, int C,
+                                             int k);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2const (FuncState *fs, const expdesc *e, TValue *v);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_codecheckglobal (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, int k,
+                                                    int line);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaK_stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_int (FuncState *fs, int reg, lua_Integer n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_vapar2local (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2anyregup (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *e);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
@@ -70,14 +89,17 @@ LUAI_FUNC int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchclose (FuncState *fs, int list, int level);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *v, int line);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v1,
                             expdesc *v2, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_settablesize (FuncState *fs, int pc,
+                                  int ra, int asize, int hsize);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_finish (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaK_semerror (LexState *ls, const char *fmt, ...);
 
 
 #endif

lcorolib.c

@@ -1,37 +1,45 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lcorolib.c,v 1.3 2011/08/23 17:24:34 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lcorolib.c $
 ** Coroutine Library
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-
 #define lcorolib_c
 #define LUA_LIB
 
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
+static lua_State *getco (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
+  luaL_argexpected(L, co, 1, "thread");
+  return co;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Resumes a coroutine. Returns the number of results for non-error
+** cases or -1 for errors.
+*/
 static int auxresume (lua_State *L, lua_State *co, int narg) {
-  int status;
-  if (!lua_checkstack(co, narg)) {
+  int status, nres;
+  if (l_unlikely(!lua_checkstack(co, narg))) {
     lua_pushliteral(L, "too many arguments to resume");
     return -1;  /* error flag */
   }
-  if (lua_status(co) == LUA_OK && lua_gettop(co) == 0) {
-    lua_pushliteral(L, "cannot resume dead coroutine");
-    return -1;  /* error flag */
-  }
   lua_xmove(L, co, narg);
-  status = lua_resume(co, L, narg);
-  if (status == LUA_OK || status == LUA_YIELD) {
-    int nres = lua_gettop(co);
-    if (!lua_checkstack(L, nres + 1)) {
+  status = lua_resume(co, L, narg, &nres);
+  if (l_likely(status == LUA_OK || status == LUA_YIELD)) {
+    if (l_unlikely(!lua_checkstack(L, nres + 1))) {
       lua_pop(co, nres);  /* remove results anyway */
       lua_pushliteral(L, "too many results to resume");
       return -1;  /* error flag */
@@ -47,11 +55,10 @@ static int auxresume (lua_State *L, lua_State *co, int narg) {
 
 
 static int luaB_coresume (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
+  lua_State *co = getco(L);
   int r;
-  luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
   r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L) - 1);
-  if (r < 0) {
+  if (l_unlikely(r < 0)) {
     lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
     lua_insert(L, -2);
     return 2;  /* return false + error message */
@@ -59,7 +66,7 @@ static int luaB_coresume (lua_State *L) {
   else {
     lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
     lua_insert(L, -(r + 1));
-    return r + 1;  /* return true + `resume' returns */
+    return r + 1;  /* return true + 'resume' returns */
   }
 }
 
@@ -67,13 +74,20 @@ static int luaB_coresume (lua_State *L) {
 static int luaB_auxwrap (lua_State *L) {
   lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
   int r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L));
-  if (r < 0) {
-    if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) {  /* error object is a string? */
-      luaL_where(L, 1);  /* add extra info */
+  if (l_unlikely(r < 0)) {  /* error? */
+    int stat = lua_status(co);
+    if (stat != LUA_OK && stat != LUA_YIELD) {  /* error in the coroutine? */
+      stat = lua_closethread(co, L);  /* close its tbc variables */
+      lua_assert(stat != LUA_OK);
+      lua_xmove(co, L, 1);  /* move error message to the caller */
+    }
+    if (stat != LUA_ERRMEM &&  /* not a memory error and ... */
+        lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TSTRING) {  /* ... error object is a string? */
+      luaL_where(L, 1);  /* add extra info, if available */
       lua_insert(L, -2);
       lua_concat(L, 2);
     }
-    lua_error(L);  /* propagate error */
+    return lua_error(L);  /* propagate error */
   }
   return r;
 }
@@ -101,30 +115,53 @@ static int luaB_yield (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
-static int luaB_costatus (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
-  luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
-  if (L == co) lua_pushliteral(L, "running");
+#define COS_RUN		0
+#define COS_DEAD	1
+#define COS_YIELD	2
+#define COS_NORM	3
+
+
+static const char *const statname[] =
+  {"running", "dead", "suspended", "normal"};
+
+
+static int auxstatus (lua_State *L, lua_State *co) {
+  if (L == co) return COS_RUN;
   else {
     switch (lua_status(co)) {
       case LUA_YIELD:
-        lua_pushliteral(L, "suspended");
-        break;
+        return COS_YIELD;
       case LUA_OK: {
         lua_Debug ar;
-        if (lua_getstack(co, 0, &ar) > 0)  /* does it have frames? */
-          lua_pushliteral(L, "normal");  /* it is running */
+        if (lua_getstack(co, 0, &ar))  /* does it have frames? */
+          return COS_NORM;  /* it is running */
         else if (lua_gettop(co) == 0)
-            lua_pushliteral(L, "dead");
+            return COS_DEAD;
         else
-          lua_pushliteral(L, "suspended");  /* initial state */
-        break;
+          return COS_YIELD;  /* initial state */
       }
       default:  /* some error occurred */
-        lua_pushliteral(L, "dead");
-        break;
+        return COS_DEAD;
     }
   }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_costatus (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = getco(L);
+  lua_pushstring(L, statname[auxstatus(L, co)]);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static lua_State *getoptco (lua_State *L) {
+  return (lua_isnone(L, 1) ? L : getco(L));
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_yieldable (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = getoptco(L);
+  lua_pushboolean(L, lua_isyieldable(co));
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -136,6 +173,37 @@ static int luaB_corunning (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
+static int luaB_close (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = getoptco(L);
+  int status = auxstatus(L, co);
+  switch (status) {
+    case COS_DEAD: case COS_YIELD: {
+      status = lua_closethread(co, L);
+      if (status == LUA_OK) {
+        lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else {
+        lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
+        lua_xmove(co, L, 1);  /* move error message */
+        return 2;
+      }
+    }
+    case COS_NORM:
+      return luaL_error(L, "cannot close a %s coroutine", statname[status]);
+    case COS_RUN:
+      lua_geti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD);  /* get main */
+      if (lua_tothread(L, -1) == co)
+        return luaL_error(L, "cannot close main thread");
+      lua_closethread(co, L);  /* close itself */
+      /* previous call does not return *//* FALLTHROUGH */
+    default:
+      lua_assert(0);
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
 static const luaL_Reg co_funcs[] = {
   {"create", luaB_cocreate},
   {"resume", luaB_coresume},
@@ -143,6 +211,8 @@ static const luaL_Reg co_funcs[] = {
   {"status", luaB_costatus},
   {"wrap", luaB_cowrap},
   {"yield", luaB_yield},
+  {"isyieldable", luaB_yieldable},
+  {"close", luaB_close},
   {NULL, NULL}
 };
 

lctype.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lctype.c,v 1.10 2011/06/24 12:25:33 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lctype.c $
 ** 'ctype' functions for Lua
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -7,12 +7,24 @@
 #define lctype_c
 #define LUA_CORE
 
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
 #include "lctype.h"
 
 #if !LUA_USE_CTYPE	/* { */
 
 #include <limits.h>
 
+
+#if defined (LUA_UCID)		/* accept UniCode IDentifiers? */
+/* consider all non-ASCII codepoints to be alphabetic */
+#define NONA		0x01
+#else
+#define NONA		0x00	/* default */
+#endif
+
+
 LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luai_ctype_[UCHAR_MAX + 2] = {
   0x00,  /* EOZ */
   0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* 0. */
@@ -31,22 +43,22 @@ LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luai_ctype_[UCHAR_MAX + 2] = {
   0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,
   0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,	/* 7. */
   0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x00,
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* 8. */
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* 9. */
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* a. */
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* b. */
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* c. */
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* d. */
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* e. */
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* f. */
-  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* 8. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* 9. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* a. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* b. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  0x00,  0x00,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* c. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* d. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* e. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* f. */
+  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00
 };
 
 #endif			/* } */

lctype.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lctype.h,v 1.11 2011/06/27 18:22:46 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lctype.h $
 ** 'ctype' functions for Lua
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 /*
 ** WARNING: the functions defined here do not necessarily correspond
 ** to the similar functions in the standard C ctype.h. They are
-** optimized for the specific needs of Lua
+** optimized for the specific needs of Lua.
 */
 
 #if !defined(LUA_USE_CTYPE)
@@ -61,14 +61,20 @@
 #define lisprint(c)	testprop(c, MASK(PRINTBIT))
 #define lisxdigit(c)	testprop(c, MASK(XDIGITBIT))
 
+
 /*
-** this 'ltolower' only works for alphabetic characters
+** In ASCII, this 'ltolower' is correct for alphabetic characters and
+** for '.'. That is enough for Lua needs. ('check_exp' ensures that
+** the character either is an upper-case letter or is unchanged by
+** the transformation, which holds for lower-case letters and '.'.)
 */
-#define ltolower(c)	((c) | ('A' ^ 'a'))
+#define ltolower(c)  \
+  check_exp(('A' <= (c) && (c) <= 'Z') || (c) == ((c) | ('A' ^ 'a')),  \
+            (c) | ('A' ^ 'a'))
 
 
-/* two more entries for 0 and -1 (EOZ) */
-LUAI_DDEC const lu_byte luai_ctype_[UCHAR_MAX + 2];
+/* one entry for each character and for -1 (EOZ) */
+LUAI_DDEC(const lu_byte luai_ctype_[UCHAR_MAX + 2];)
 
 
 #else			/* }{ */

ldblib.c

@@ -1,26 +1,43 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ldblib.c,v 1.131 2011/10/24 14:54:05 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ldblib.c $
 ** Interface from Lua to its debug API
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
+#define ldblib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#define ldblib_c
-#define LUA_LIB
-
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
-#define HOOKKEY		"_HKEY"
+/*
+** The hook table at registry[HOOKKEY] maps threads to their current
+** hook function.
+*/
+static const char *const HOOKKEY = "_HOOKKEY";
 
 
+/*
+** If L1 != L, L1 can be in any state, and therefore there are no
+** guarantees about its stack space; any push in L1 must be
+** checked.
+*/
+static void checkstack (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, int n) {
+  if (l_unlikely(L != L1 && !lua_checkstack(L1, n)))
+    luaL_error(L, "stack overflow");
+}
+
 
 static int db_getregistry (lua_State *L) {
   lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
@@ -39,8 +56,7 @@ static int db_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {
 
 static int db_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
   int t = lua_type(L, 2);
-  luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2,
-                    "nil or table expected");
+  luaL_argexpected(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2, "nil or table");
   lua_settop(L, 2);
   lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
   return 1;  /* return 1st argument */
@@ -48,44 +64,34 @@ static int db_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
 
 
 static int db_getuservalue (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1);
   if (lua_type(L, 1) != LUA_TUSERDATA)
-    lua_pushnil(L);
-  else
-    lua_getuservalue(L, 1);
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+  else if (lua_getiuservalue(L, 1, n) != LUA_TNONE) {
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+    return 2;
+  }
   return 1;
 }
 
 
 static int db_setuservalue (lua_State *L) {
-  if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)
-    luaL_argerror(L, 1, "full userdata expected, got light userdata");
+  int n = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1);
   luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TUSERDATA);
-  if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 2))
-    luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TTABLE);
+  luaL_checkany(L, 2);
   lua_settop(L, 2);
-  lua_setuservalue(L, 1);
+  if (!lua_setiuservalue(L, 1, n))
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
   return 1;
 }
 
 
-static void settabss (lua_State *L, const char *i, const char *v) {
-  lua_pushstring(L, v);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, i);
-}
-
-
-static void settabsi (lua_State *L, const char *i, int v) {
-  lua_pushinteger(L, v);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, i);
-}
-
-
-static void settabsb (lua_State *L, const char *i, int v) {
-  lua_pushboolean(L, v);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, i);
-}
-
-
+/*
+** Auxiliary function used by several library functions: check for
+** an optional thread as function's first argument and set 'arg' with
+** 1 if this argument is present (so that functions can skip it to
+** access their other arguments)
+*/
 static lua_State *getthread (lua_State *L, int *arg) {
   if (lua_isthread(L, 1)) {
     *arg = 1;
@@ -93,46 +99,78 @@ static lua_State *getthread (lua_State *L, int *arg) {
   }
   else {
     *arg = 0;
-    return L;
+    return L;  /* function will operate over current thread */
   }
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Variations of 'lua_settable', used by 'db_getinfo' to put results
+** from 'lua_getinfo' into result table. Key is always a string;
+** value can be a string, an int, or a boolean.
+*/
+static void settabss (lua_State *L, const char *k, const char *v) {
+  lua_pushstring(L, v);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, k);
+}
+
+static void settabsi (lua_State *L, const char *k, int v) {
+  lua_pushinteger(L, v);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, k);
+}
+
+static void settabsb (lua_State *L, const char *k, int v) {
+  lua_pushboolean(L, v);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, k);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** In function 'db_getinfo', the call to 'lua_getinfo' may push
+** results on the stack; later it creates the result table to put
+** these objects. Function 'treatstackoption' puts the result from
+** 'lua_getinfo' on top of the result table so that it can call
+** 'lua_setfield'.
+*/
 static void treatstackoption (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *fname) {
-  if (L == L1) {
-    lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
-    lua_remove(L, -3);
-  }
+  if (L == L1)
+    lua_rotate(L, -2, 1);  /* exchange object and table */
   else
-    lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, fname);
+    lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);  /* move object to the "main" stack */
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, fname);  /* put object into table */
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Calls 'lua_getinfo' and collects all results in a new table.
+** L1 needs stack space for an optional input (function) plus
+** two optional outputs (function and line table) from function
+** 'lua_getinfo'.
+*/
 static int db_getinfo (lua_State *L) {
   lua_Debug ar;
   int arg;
   lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
-  const char *options = luaL_optstring(L, arg+2, "flnStu");
-  if (lua_isnumber(L, arg+1)) {
-    if (!lua_getstack(L1, (int)lua_tointeger(L, arg+1), &ar)) {
-      lua_pushnil(L);  /* level out of range */
+  const char *options = luaL_optstring(L, arg+2, "flnSrtu");
+  checkstack(L, L1, 3);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, options[0] != '>', arg + 2, "invalid option '>'");
+  if (lua_isfunction(L, arg + 1)) {  /* info about a function? */
+    options = lua_pushfstring(L, ">%s", options);  /* add '>' to 'options' */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1);  /* move function to 'L1' stack */
+    lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
+  }
+  else {  /* stack level */
+    if (!lua_getstack(L1, (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 1), &ar)) {
+      luaL_pushfail(L);  /* level out of range */
       return 1;
     }
   }
-  else if (lua_isfunction(L, arg+1)) {
-    lua_pushfstring(L, ">%s", options);
-    options = lua_tostring(L, -1);
-    lua_pushvalue(L, arg+1);
-    lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
-  }
-  else
-    return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "function or level expected");
   if (!lua_getinfo(L1, options, &ar))
     return luaL_argerror(L, arg+2, "invalid option");
-  lua_createtable(L, 0, 2);
+  lua_newtable(L);  /* table to collect results */
   if (strchr(options, 'S')) {
-    settabss(L, "source", ar.source);
+    lua_pushlstring(L, ar.source, ar.srclen);
+    lua_setfield(L, -2, "source");
     settabss(L, "short_src", ar.short_src);
     settabsi(L, "linedefined", ar.linedefined);
     settabsi(L, "lastlinedefined", ar.lastlinedefined);
@@ -149,8 +187,14 @@ static int db_getinfo (lua_State *L) {
     settabss(L, "name", ar.name);
     settabss(L, "namewhat", ar.namewhat);
   }
-  if (strchr(options, 't'))
+  if (strchr(options, 'r')) {
+    settabsi(L, "ftransfer", ar.ftransfer);
+    settabsi(L, "ntransfer", ar.ntransfer);
+  }
+  if (strchr(options, 't')) {
     settabsb(L, "istailcall", ar.istailcall);
+    settabsi(L, "extraargs", ar.extraargs);
+  }
   if (strchr(options, 'L'))
     treatstackoption(L, L1, "activelines");
   if (strchr(options, 'f'))
@@ -162,26 +206,28 @@ static int db_getinfo (lua_State *L) {
 static int db_getlocal (lua_State *L) {
   int arg;
   lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
-  lua_Debug ar;
-  const char *name;
-  int nvar = luaL_checkint(L, arg+2);  /* local-variable index */
+  int nvar = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 2);  /* local-variable index */
   if (lua_isfunction(L, arg + 1)) {  /* function argument? */
     lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1);  /* push function */
     lua_pushstring(L, lua_getlocal(L, NULL, nvar));  /* push local name */
-    return 1;
+    return 1;  /* return only name (there is no value) */
   }
   else {  /* stack-level argument */
-    if (!lua_getstack(L1, luaL_checkint(L, arg+1), &ar))  /* out of range? */
+    lua_Debug ar;
+    const char *name;
+    int level = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 1);
+    if (l_unlikely(!lua_getstack(L1, level, &ar)))  /* out of range? */
       return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");
+    checkstack(L, L1, 1);
     name = lua_getlocal(L1, &ar, nvar);
     if (name) {
-      lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);  /* push local value */
+      lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);  /* move local value */
       lua_pushstring(L, name);  /* push name */
-      lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* re-order */
+      lua_rotate(L, -2, 1);  /* re-order */
       return 2;
     }
     else {
-      lua_pushnil(L);  /* no name (nor value) */
+      luaL_pushfail(L);  /* no name (nor value) */
       return 1;
     }
   }
@@ -190,26 +236,36 @@ static int db_getlocal (lua_State *L) {
 
 static int db_setlocal (lua_State *L) {
   int arg;
+  const char *name;
   lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
   lua_Debug ar;
-  if (!lua_getstack(L1, luaL_checkint(L, arg+1), &ar))  /* out of range? */
+  int level = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 1);
+  int nvar = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 2);
+  if (l_unlikely(!lua_getstack(L1, level, &ar)))  /* out of range? */
     return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");
   luaL_checkany(L, arg+3);
   lua_settop(L, arg+3);
+  checkstack(L, L1, 1);
   lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
-  lua_pushstring(L, lua_setlocal(L1, &ar, luaL_checkint(L, arg+2)));
+  name = lua_setlocal(L1, &ar, nvar);
+  if (name == NULL)
+    lua_pop(L1, 1);  /* pop value (if not popped by 'lua_setlocal') */
+  lua_pushstring(L, name);
   return 1;
 }
 
 
+/*
+** get (if 'get' is true) or set an upvalue from a closure
+*/
 static int auxupvalue (lua_State *L, int get) {
   const char *name;
-  int n = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
-  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+  int n = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);  /* upvalue index */
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);  /* closure */
   name = get ? lua_getupvalue(L, 1, n) : lua_setupvalue(L, 1, n);
   if (name == NULL) return 0;
   lua_pushstring(L, name);
-  lua_insert(L, -(get+1));
+  lua_insert(L, -(get+1));  /* no-op if get is false */
   return get + 1;
 }
 
@@ -225,27 +281,37 @@ static int db_setupvalue (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
-static int checkupval (lua_State *L, int argf, int argnup) {
-  lua_Debug ar;
-  int nup = luaL_checkint(L, argnup);
-  luaL_checktype(L, argf, LUA_TFUNCTION);
-  lua_pushvalue(L, argf);
-  lua_getinfo(L, ">u", &ar);
-  luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= nup && nup <= ar.nups, argnup, "invalid upvalue index");
-  return nup;
+/*
+** Check whether a given upvalue from a given closure exists and
+** returns its index
+*/
+static void *checkupval (lua_State *L, int argf, int argnup, int *pnup) {
+  void *id;
+  int nup = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, argnup);  /* upvalue index */
+  luaL_checktype(L, argf, LUA_TFUNCTION);  /* closure */
+  id = lua_upvalueid(L, argf, nup);
+  if (pnup) {
+    luaL_argcheck(L, id != NULL, argnup, "invalid upvalue index");
+    *pnup = nup;
+  }
+  return id;
 }
 
 
 static int db_upvalueid (lua_State *L) {
-  int n = checkupval(L, 1, 2);
-  lua_pushlightuserdata(L, lua_upvalueid(L, 1, n));
+  void *id = checkupval(L, 1, 2, NULL);
+  if (id != NULL)
+    lua_pushlightuserdata(L, id);
+  else
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
   return 1;
 }
 
 
 static int db_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L) {
-  int n1 = checkupval(L, 1, 2);
-  int n2 = checkupval(L, 3, 4);
+  int n1, n2;
+  checkupval(L, 1, 2, &n1);
+  checkupval(L, 3, 4, &n2);
   luaL_argcheck(L, !lua_iscfunction(L, 1), 1, "Lua function expected");
   luaL_argcheck(L, !lua_iscfunction(L, 3), 3, "Lua function expected");
   lua_upvaluejoin(L, 1, n1, 3, n2);
@@ -253,26 +319,29 @@ static int db_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
-#define gethooktable(L)	luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, HOOKKEY)
-
-
+/*
+** Call hook function registered at hook table for the current
+** thread (if there is one)
+*/
 static void hookf (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
   static const char *const hooknames[] =
     {"call", "return", "line", "count", "tail call"};
-  gethooktable(L);
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, HOOKKEY);
   lua_pushthread(L);
-  lua_rawget(L, -2);
-  if (lua_isfunction(L, -1)) {
-    lua_pushstring(L, hooknames[(int)ar->event]);
+  if (lua_rawget(L, -2) == LUA_TFUNCTION) {  /* is there a hook function? */
+    lua_pushstring(L, hooknames[(int)ar->event]);  /* push event name */
     if (ar->currentline >= 0)
-      lua_pushinteger(L, ar->currentline);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, ar->currentline);  /* push current line */
     else lua_pushnil(L);
     lua_assert(lua_getinfo(L, "lS", ar));
-    lua_call(L, 2, 0);
+    lua_call(L, 2, 0);  /* call hook function */
   }
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Convert a string mask (for 'sethook') into a bit mask
+*/
 static int makemask (const char *smask, int count) {
   int mask = 0;
   if (strchr(smask, 'c')) mask |= LUA_MASKCALL;
@@ -283,6 +352,9 @@ static int makemask (const char *smask, int count) {
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Convert a bit mask (for 'gethook') into a string mask
+*/
 static char *unmakemask (int mask, char *smask) {
   int i = 0;
   if (mask & LUA_MASKCALL) smask[i++] = 'c';
@@ -297,26 +369,28 @@ static int db_sethook (lua_State *L) {
   int arg, mask, count;
   lua_Hook func;
   lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
-  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, arg+1)) {
+  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, arg+1)) {  /* no hook? */
     lua_settop(L, arg+1);
     func = NULL; mask = 0; count = 0;  /* turn off hooks */
   }
   else {
     const char *smask = luaL_checkstring(L, arg+2);
     luaL_checktype(L, arg+1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
-    count = luaL_optint(L, arg+3, 0);
+    count = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, arg + 3, 0);
     func = hookf; mask = makemask(smask, count);
   }
-  if (gethooktable(L) == 0) {  /* creating hook table? */
-    lua_pushstring(L, "k");
+  if (!luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, HOOKKEY)) {
+    /* table just created; initialize it */
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "k");
     lua_setfield(L, -2, "__mode");  /** hooktable.__mode = "k" */
     lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
-    lua_setmetatable(L, -2);  /* setmetatable(hooktable) = hooktable */
+    lua_setmetatable(L, -2);  /* metatable(hooktable) = hooktable */
   }
-  lua_pushthread(L1); lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);
-  lua_pushvalue(L, arg+1);
-  lua_rawset(L, -3);  /* set new hook */
-  lua_sethook(L1, func, mask, count);  /* set hooks */
+  checkstack(L, L1, 1);
+  lua_pushthread(L1); lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);  /* key (thread) */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1);  /* value (hook function) */
+  lua_rawset(L, -3);  /* hooktable[L1] = new Lua hook */
+  lua_sethook(L1, func, mask, count);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -327,16 +401,21 @@ static int db_gethook (lua_State *L) {
   char buff[5];
   int mask = lua_gethookmask(L1);
   lua_Hook hook = lua_gethook(L1);
-  if (hook != NULL && hook != hookf)  /* external hook? */
+  if (hook == NULL) {  /* no hook? */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else if (hook != hookf)  /* external hook? */
     lua_pushliteral(L, "external hook");
-  else {
-    gethooktable(L);
+  else {  /* hook table must exist */
+    lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, HOOKKEY);
+    checkstack(L, L1, 1);
     lua_pushthread(L1); lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);
-    lua_rawget(L, -2);   /* get hook */
+    lua_rawget(L, -2);   /* 1st result = hooktable[L1] */
     lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove hook table */
   }
-  lua_pushstring(L, unmakemask(mask, buff));
-  lua_pushinteger(L, lua_gethookcount(L1));
+  lua_pushstring(L, unmakemask(mask, buff));  /* 2nd result = mask */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, lua_gethookcount(L1));  /* 3rd result = count */
   return 3;
 }
 
@@ -344,13 +423,13 @@ static int db_gethook (lua_State *L) {
 static int db_debug (lua_State *L) {
   for (;;) {
     char buffer[250];
-    luai_writestringerror("%s", "lua_debug> ");
-    if (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin) == 0 ||
+    lua_writestringerror("%s", "lua_debug> ");
+    if (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin) == NULL ||
         strcmp(buffer, "cont\n") == 0)
       return 0;
     if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, buffer, strlen(buffer), "=(debug command)") ||
         lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0))
-      luai_writestringerror("%s\n", lua_tostring(L, -1));
+      lua_writestringerror("%s\n", luaL_tolstring(L, -1, NULL));
     lua_settop(L, 0);  /* remove eventual returns */
   }
 }
@@ -363,7 +442,7 @@ static int db_traceback (lua_State *L) {
   if (msg == NULL && !lua_isnoneornil(L, arg + 1))  /* non-string 'msg'? */
     lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1);  /* return it untouched */
   else {
-    int level = luaL_optint(L, arg + 2, (L == L1) ? 1 : 0);
+    int level = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, arg + 2, (L == L1) ? 1 : 0);
     luaL_traceback(L, L1, msg, level);
   }
   return 1;

ldebug.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ldebug.h,v 2.6 2011/06/02 19:31:40 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ldebug.h $
 ** Auxiliary functions from Debug Interface module
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -11,24 +11,55 @@
 #include "lstate.h"
 
 
-#define pcRel(pc, p)	(cast(int, (pc) - (p)->code) - 1)
+#define pcRel(pc, p)	(cast_int((pc) - (p)->code) - 1)
+
+
+/* Active Lua function (given call info) */
+#define ci_func(ci)		(clLvalue(s2v((ci)->func.p)))
 
-#define getfuncline(f,pc)	(((f)->lineinfo) ? (f)->lineinfo[pc] : 0)
 
 #define resethookcount(L)	(L->hookcount = L->basehookcount)
 
-/* Active Lua function (given call info) */
-#define ci_func(ci)		(clLvalue((ci)->func))
+/*
+** mark for entries in 'lineinfo' array that has absolute information in
+** 'abslineinfo' array
+*/
+#define ABSLINEINFO	(-0x80)
 
 
+/*
+** MAXimum number of successive Instructions WiTHout ABSolute line
+** information. (A power of two allows fast divisions.)
+*/
+#if !defined(MAXIWTHABS)
+#define MAXIWTHABS	128
+#endif
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaG_getfuncline (const Proto *f, int pc);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaG_findlocal (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int n,
+                                                    StkId *pos);
 LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
                                                 const char *opname);
-LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, StkId p1, StkId p2);
-LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_aritherror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_callerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_forerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+                                               const char *what);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                                                  const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_opinterror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                                                 const TValue *p2,
+                                                 const char *msg);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_tointerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
                                                  const TValue *p2);
 LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
                                                  const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_errnnil (lua_State *L, LClosure *cl, int k);
 LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaG_addinfo (lua_State *L, const char *msg,
+                                                  TString *src, int line);
 LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaG_traceexec (lua_State *L, const Instruction *pc);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaG_tracecall (lua_State *L);
+
 
 #endif

ldo.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ldo.h,v 2.19 2011/10/07 20:45:19 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ldo.h $
 ** Stack and Call structure of Lua
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -8,39 +8,92 @@
 #define ldo_h
 
 
+#include "llimits.h"
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lstate.h"
 #include "lzio.h"
 
 
-#define luaD_checkstack(L,n)	if (L->stack_last - L->top <= (n)) \
-				    luaD_growstack(L, n); else condmovestack(L);
+/*
+** Macro to check stack size and grow stack if needed.  Parameters
+** 'pre'/'pos' allow the macro to preserve a pointer into the
+** stack across reallocations, doing the work only when needed.
+** It also allows the running of one GC step when the stack is
+** reallocated.
+** 'condmovestack' is used in heavy tests to force a stack reallocation
+** at every check.
+*/
+
+#if !defined(HARDSTACKTESTS)
+#define condmovestack(L,pre,pos)	((void)0)
+#else
+/* realloc stack keeping its size */
+#define condmovestack(L,pre,pos)  \
+  { int sz_ = stacksize(L); pre; luaD_reallocstack((L), sz_, 0); pos; }
+#endif
+
+#define luaD_checkstackaux(L,n,pre,pos)  \
+	if (l_unlikely(L->stack_last.p - L->top.p <= (n))) \
+	  { pre; luaD_growstack(L, n, 1); pos; } \
+	else { condmovestack(L,pre,pos); }
+
+/* In general, 'pre'/'pos' are empty (nothing to save) */
+#define luaD_checkstack(L,n)	luaD_checkstackaux(L,n,(void)0,(void)0)
 
 
-#define incr_top(L) {L->top++; luaD_checkstack(L,0);}
 
-#define savestack(L,p)		((char *)(p) - (char *)L->stack)
-#define restorestack(L,n)	((TValue *)((char *)L->stack + (n)))
+#define savestack(L,pt)		(cast_charp(pt) - cast_charp(L->stack.p))
+#define restorestack(L,n)	cast(StkId, cast_charp(L->stack.p) + (n))
 
 
-/* type of protected functions, to be ran by `runprotected' */
+/* macro to check stack size, preserving 'p' */
+#define checkstackp(L,n,p)  \
+  luaD_checkstackaux(L, n, \
+    ptrdiff_t t__ = savestack(L, p),  /* save 'p' */ \
+    p = restorestack(L, t__))  /* 'pos' part: restore 'p' */
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum depth for nested C calls, syntactical nested non-terminals,
+** and other features implemented through recursion in C. (Value must
+** fit in a 16-bit unsigned integer. It must also be compatible with
+** the size of the C stack.)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+#define LUAI_MAXCCALLS		200
+#endif
+
+
+/* type of protected functions, to be ran by 'runprotected' */
 typedef void (*Pfunc) (lua_State *L, void *ud);
 
-LUAI_FUNC int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaD_errerr (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, TStatus errcode, StkId oldtop);
+LUAI_FUNC TStatus luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z,
+                                                  const char *name,
                                                   const char *mode);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults,
-                                        int allowyield);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line,
+                                        int fTransfer, int nTransfer);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_hookcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func,
+                                              int narg1, int delta);
+LUAI_FUNC CallInfo *luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_callnoyield (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
+LUAI_FUNC TStatus luaD_closeprotected (lua_State *L, ptrdiff_t level,
+                                                     TStatus status);
+LUAI_FUNC TStatus luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
                                         ptrdiff_t oldtop, ptrdiff_t ef);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int nres);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize, int raiseerror);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n, int raiseerror);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaD_shrinkstack (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_inctop (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_checkminstack (lua_State *L);
 
-LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, TStatus errcode);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaD_throwbaselevel (lua_State *L, TStatus errcode);
+LUAI_FUNC TStatus luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud);
 
 #endif
 

ldump.c

@@ -1,173 +1,307 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ldump.c,v 2.16 2011/11/24 13:25:41 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ldump.c $
 ** save precompiled Lua chunks
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
-#include <stddef.h>
-
 #define ldump_c
 #define LUA_CORE
 
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
 #include "lua.h"
 
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lstate.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
 #include "lundump.h"
 
+
 typedef struct {
- lua_State* L;
- lua_Writer writer;
- void* data;
- int strip;
- int status;
+  lua_State *L;
+  lua_Writer writer;
+  void *data;
+  size_t offset;  /* current position relative to beginning of dump */
+  int strip;
+  int status;
+  Table *h;  /* table to track saved strings */
+  lua_Unsigned nstr;  /* counter for counting saved strings */
 } DumpState;
 
-#define DumpMem(b,n,size,D)	DumpBlock(b,(n)*(size),D)
-#define DumpVar(x,D)		DumpMem(&x,1,sizeof(x),D)
 
-static void DumpBlock(const void* b, size_t size, DumpState* D)
-{
- if (D->status==0)
- {
-  lua_unlock(D->L);
-  D->status=(*D->writer)(D->L,b,size,D->data);
-  lua_lock(D->L);
- }
-}
+/*
+** All high-level dumps go through dumpVector; you can change it to
+** change the endianness of the result
+*/
+#define dumpVector(D,v,n)	dumpBlock(D,v,(n)*sizeof((v)[0]))
 
-static void DumpChar(int y, DumpState* D)
-{
- char x=(char)y;
- DumpVar(x,D);
-}
+#define dumpLiteral(D, s)	dumpBlock(D,s,sizeof(s) - sizeof(char))
 
-static void DumpInt(int x, DumpState* D)
-{
- DumpVar(x,D);
-}
 
-static void DumpNumber(lua_Number x, DumpState* D)
-{
- DumpVar(x,D);
-}
-
-static void DumpVector(const void* b, int n, size_t size, DumpState* D)
-{
- DumpInt(n,D);
- DumpMem(b,n,size,D);
-}
-
-static void DumpString(const TString* s, DumpState* D)
-{
- if (s==NULL)
- {
-  size_t size=0;
-  DumpVar(size,D);
- }
- else
- {
-  size_t size=s->tsv.len+1;		/* include trailing '\0' */
-  DumpVar(size,D);
-  DumpBlock(getstr(s),size*sizeof(char),D);
- }
-}
-
-#define DumpCode(f,D)	 DumpVector(f->code,f->sizecode,sizeof(Instruction),D)
-
-static void DumpFunction(const Proto* f, DumpState* D);
-
-static void DumpConstants(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
-{
- int i,n=f->sizek;
- DumpInt(n,D);
- for (i=0; i<n; i++)
- {
-  const TValue* o=&f->k[i];
-  DumpChar(ttypenv(o),D);
-  switch (ttypenv(o))
-  {
-   case LUA_TNIL:
-	break;
-   case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
-	DumpChar(bvalue(o),D);
-	break;
-   case LUA_TNUMBER:
-	DumpNumber(nvalue(o),D);
-	break;
-   case LUA_TSTRING:
-	DumpString(rawtsvalue(o),D);
-	break;
-    default: lua_assert(0);
+/*
+** Dump the block of memory pointed by 'b' with given 'size'.
+** 'b' should not be NULL, except for the last call signaling the end
+** of the dump.
+*/
+static void dumpBlock (DumpState *D, const void *b, size_t size) {
+  if (D->status == 0) {  /* do not write anything after an error */
+    lua_unlock(D->L);
+    D->status = (*D->writer)(D->L, b, size, D->data);
+    lua_lock(D->L);
+    D->offset += size;
   }
- }
- n=f->sizep;
- DumpInt(n,D);
- for (i=0; i<n; i++) DumpFunction(f->p[i],D);
 }
 
-static void DumpUpvalues(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
-{
- int i,n=f->sizeupvalues;
- DumpInt(n,D);
- for (i=0; i<n; i++)
- {
-  DumpChar(f->upvalues[i].instack,D);
-  DumpChar(f->upvalues[i].idx,D);
- }
+
+/*
+** Dump enough zeros to ensure that current position is a multiple of
+** 'align'.
+*/
+static void dumpAlign (DumpState *D, unsigned align) {
+  unsigned padding = align - cast_uint(D->offset % align);
+  if (padding < align) {  /* padding == align means no padding */
+    static lua_Integer paddingContent = 0;
+    lua_assert(align <= sizeof(lua_Integer));
+    dumpBlock(D, &paddingContent, padding);
+  }
+  lua_assert(D->offset % align == 0);
 }
 
-static void DumpDebug(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
-{
- int i,n;
- DumpString((D->strip) ? NULL : f->source,D);
- n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelineinfo;
- DumpVector(f->lineinfo,n,sizeof(int),D);
- n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelocvars;
- DumpInt(n,D);
- for (i=0; i<n; i++)
- {
-  DumpString(f->locvars[i].varname,D);
-  DumpInt(f->locvars[i].startpc,D);
-  DumpInt(f->locvars[i].endpc,D);
- }
- n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizeupvalues;
- DumpInt(n,D);
- for (i=0; i<n; i++) DumpString(f->upvalues[i].name,D);
+
+#define dumpVar(D,x)		dumpVector(D,&x,1)
+
+
+static void dumpByte (DumpState *D, int y) {
+  lu_byte x = (lu_byte)y;
+  dumpVar(D, x);
 }
 
-static void DumpFunction(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
-{
- DumpInt(f->linedefined,D);
- DumpInt(f->lastlinedefined,D);
- DumpChar(f->numparams,D);
- DumpChar(f->is_vararg,D);
- DumpChar(f->maxstacksize,D);
- DumpCode(f,D);
- DumpConstants(f,D);
- DumpUpvalues(f,D);
- DumpDebug(f,D);
+
+/*
+** size for 'dumpVarint' buffer: each byte can store up to 7 bits.
+** (The "+6" rounds up the division.)
+*/
+#define DIBS    ((l_numbits(lua_Unsigned) + 6) / 7)
+
+/*
+** Dumps an unsigned integer using the MSB Varint encoding
+*/
+static void dumpVarint (DumpState *D, lua_Unsigned x) {
+  lu_byte buff[DIBS];
+  unsigned n = 1;
+  buff[DIBS - 1] = x & 0x7f;  /* fill least-significant byte */
+  while ((x >>= 7) != 0)  /* fill other bytes in reverse order */
+    buff[DIBS - (++n)] = cast_byte((x & 0x7f) | 0x80);
+  dumpVector(D, buff + DIBS - n, n);
 }
 
-static void DumpHeader(DumpState* D)
-{
- lu_byte h[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
- luaU_header(h);
- DumpBlock(h,LUAC_HEADERSIZE,D);
+
+static void dumpSize (DumpState *D, size_t sz) {
+  dumpVarint(D, cast(lua_Unsigned, sz));
 }
 
+
+static void dumpInt (DumpState *D, int x) {
+  lua_assert(x >= 0);
+  dumpVarint(D, cast_uint(x));
+}
+
+
+static void dumpNumber (DumpState *D, lua_Number x) {
+  dumpVar(D, x);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Signed integers are coded to keep small values small. (Coding -1 as
+** 0xfff...fff would use too many bytes to save a quite common value.)
+** A non-negative x is coded as 2x; a negative x is coded as -2x - 1.
+** (0 => 0; -1 => 1; 1 => 2; -2 => 3; 2 => 4; ...)
+*/
+static void dumpInteger (DumpState *D, lua_Integer x) {
+  lua_Unsigned cx = (x >= 0) ? 2u * l_castS2U(x)
+                             : (2u * ~l_castS2U(x)) + 1;
+  dumpVarint(D, cx);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Dump a String. First dump its "size":
+** size==0 is followed by an index and means "reuse saved string with
+** that index"; index==0 means NULL.
+** size>=1 is followed by the string contents with real size==size-1 and
+** means that string, which will be saved with the next available index.
+** The real size does not include the ending '\0' (which is not dumped),
+** so adding 1 to it cannot overflow a size_t.
+*/
+static void dumpString (DumpState *D, TString *ts) {
+  if (ts == NULL) {
+    dumpVarint(D, 0);  /* will "reuse" NULL */
+    dumpVarint(D, 0);  /* special index for NULL */
+  }
+  else {
+    TValue idx;
+    int tag = luaH_getstr(D->h, ts, &idx);
+    if (!tagisempty(tag)) {  /* string already saved? */
+      dumpVarint(D, 0);  /* reuse a saved string */
+      dumpVarint(D, l_castS2U(ivalue(&idx)));  /* index of saved string */
+    }
+    else {  /* must write and save the string */
+      TValue key, value;  /* to save the string in the hash */
+      size_t size;
+      const char *s = getlstr(ts, size);
+      dumpSize(D, size + 1);
+      dumpVector(D, s, size + 1);  /* include ending '\0' */
+      D->nstr++;  /* one more saved string */
+      setsvalue(D->L, &key, ts);  /* the string is the key */
+      setivalue(&value, l_castU2S(D->nstr));  /* its index is the value */
+      luaH_set(D->L, D->h, &key, &value);  /* h[ts] = nstr */
+      /* integer value does not need barrier */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void dumpCode (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  dumpInt(D, f->sizecode);
+  dumpAlign(D, sizeof(f->code[0]));
+  lua_assert(f->code != NULL);
+  dumpVector(D, f->code, cast_uint(f->sizecode));
+}
+
+
+static void dumpFunction (DumpState *D, const Proto *f);
+
+static void dumpConstants (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = f->sizek;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const TValue *o = &f->k[i];
+    int tt = ttypetag(o);
+    dumpByte(D, tt);
+    switch (tt) {
+      case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+        dumpNumber(D, fltvalue(o));
+        break;
+      case LUA_VNUMINT:
+        dumpInteger(D, ivalue(o));
+        break;
+      case LUA_VSHRSTR:
+      case LUA_VLNGSTR:
+        dumpString(D, tsvalue(o));
+        break;
+      default:
+        lua_assert(tt == LUA_VNIL || tt == LUA_VFALSE || tt == LUA_VTRUE);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void dumpProtos (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = f->sizep;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    dumpFunction(D, f->p[i]);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpUpvalues (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  int i, n = f->sizeupvalues;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    dumpByte(D, f->upvalues[i].instack);
+    dumpByte(D, f->upvalues[i].idx);
+    dumpByte(D, f->upvalues[i].kind);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void dumpDebug (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  int i, n;
+  n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelineinfo;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  if (f->lineinfo != NULL)
+    dumpVector(D, f->lineinfo, cast_uint(n));
+  n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizeabslineinfo;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  if (n > 0) {
+    /* 'abslineinfo' is an array of structures of int's */
+    dumpAlign(D, sizeof(int));
+    dumpVector(D, f->abslineinfo, cast_uint(n));
+  }
+  n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelocvars;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    dumpString(D, f->locvars[i].varname);
+    dumpInt(D, f->locvars[i].startpc);
+    dumpInt(D, f->locvars[i].endpc);
+  }
+  n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizeupvalues;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    dumpString(D, f->upvalues[i].name);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpFunction (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  dumpInt(D, f->linedefined);
+  dumpInt(D, f->lastlinedefined);
+  dumpByte(D, f->numparams);
+  dumpByte(D, f->flag);
+  dumpByte(D, f->maxstacksize);
+  dumpCode(D, f);
+  dumpConstants(D, f);
+  dumpUpvalues(D, f);
+  dumpProtos(D, f);
+  dumpString(D, D->strip ? NULL : f->source);
+  dumpDebug(D, f);
+}
+
+
+#define dumpNumInfo(D, tvar, value)  \
+  { tvar i = value; dumpByte(D, sizeof(tvar)); dumpVar(D, i); }
+
+
+static void dumpHeader (DumpState *D) {
+  dumpLiteral(D, LUA_SIGNATURE);
+  dumpByte(D, LUAC_VERSION);
+  dumpByte(D, LUAC_FORMAT);
+  dumpLiteral(D, LUAC_DATA);
+  dumpNumInfo(D, int, LUAC_INT);
+  dumpNumInfo(D, Instruction, LUAC_INST);
+  dumpNumInfo(D, lua_Integer, LUAC_INT);
+  dumpNumInfo(D, lua_Number, LUAC_NUM);
+}
+
+
 /*
 ** dump Lua function as precompiled chunk
 */
-int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip)
-{
- DumpState D;
- D.L=L;
- D.writer=w;
- D.data=data;
- D.strip=strip;
- D.status=0;
- DumpHeader(&D);
- DumpFunction(f,&D);
- return D.status;
+int luaU_dump (lua_State *L, const Proto *f, lua_Writer w, void *data,
+               int strip) {
+  DumpState D;
+  D.h = luaH_new(L);  /* aux. table to keep strings already dumped */
+  sethvalue2s(L, L->top.p, D.h);  /* anchor it */
+  L->top.p++;
+  D.L = L;
+  D.writer = w;
+  D.offset = 0;
+  D.data = data;
+  D.strip = strip;
+  D.status = 0;
+  D.nstr = 0;
+  dumpHeader(&D);
+  dumpByte(&D, f->sizeupvalues);
+  dumpFunction(&D, f);
+  dumpBlock(&D, NULL, 0);  /* signal end of dump */
+  return D.status;
 }
+

lfunc.c

@@ -1,17 +1,21 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lfunc.c,v 2.28 2012/01/20 22:05:50 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lfunc.c $
 ** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-
 #define lfunc_c
 #define LUA_CORE
 
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
 #include "lua.h"
 
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
 #include "lfunc.h"
 #include "lgc.h"
 #include "lmem.h"
@@ -20,108 +24,239 @@
 
 
 
-Closure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int n) {
-  Closure *c = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TCCL, sizeCclosure(n), NULL, 0)->cl;
-  c->c.nupvalues = cast_byte(n);
+CClosure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nupvals) {
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VCCL, sizeCclosure(nupvals));
+  CClosure *c = gco2ccl(o);
+  c->nupvalues = cast_byte(nupvals);
   return c;
 }
 
 
-Closure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int n) {
-  Closure *c = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TLCL, sizeLclosure(n), NULL, 0)->cl;
-  c->l.p = NULL;
-  c->l.nupvalues = cast_byte(n);
-  while (n--) c->l.upvals[n] = NULL;
+LClosure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nupvals) {
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VLCL, sizeLclosure(nupvals));
+  LClosure *c = gco2lcl(o);
+  c->p = NULL;
+  c->nupvalues = cast_byte(nupvals);
+  while (nupvals--) c->upvals[nupvals] = NULL;
   return c;
 }
 
 
-UpVal *luaF_newupval (lua_State *L) {
-  UpVal *uv = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TUPVAL, sizeof(UpVal), NULL, 0)->uv;
-  uv->v = &uv->u.value;
-  setnilvalue(uv->v);
+/*
+** fill a closure with new closed upvalues
+*/
+void luaF_initupvals (lua_State *L, LClosure *cl) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++) {
+    GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VUPVAL, sizeof(UpVal));
+    UpVal *uv = gco2upv(o);
+    uv->v.p = &uv->u.value;  /* make it closed */
+    setnilvalue(uv->v.p);
+    cl->upvals[i] = uv;
+    luaC_objbarrier(L, cl, uv);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create a new upvalue at the given level, and link it to the list of
+** open upvalues of 'L' after entry 'prev'.
+**/
+static UpVal *newupval (lua_State *L, StkId level, UpVal **prev) {
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VUPVAL, sizeof(UpVal));
+  UpVal *uv = gco2upv(o);
+  UpVal *next = *prev;
+  uv->v.p = s2v(level);  /* current value lives in the stack */
+  uv->u.open.next = next;  /* link it to list of open upvalues */
+  uv->u.open.previous = prev;
+  if (next)
+    next->u.open.previous = &uv->u.open.next;
+  *prev = uv;
+  if (!isintwups(L)) {  /* thread not in list of threads with upvalues? */
+    L->twups = G(L)->twups;  /* link it to the list */
+    G(L)->twups = L;
+  }
   return uv;
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Find and reuse, or create if it does not exist, an upvalue
+** at the given level.
+*/
 UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
-  global_State *g = G(L);
-  GCObject **pp = &L->openupval;
+  UpVal **pp = &L->openupval;
   UpVal *p;
-  UpVal *uv;
-  while (*pp != NULL && (p = gco2uv(*pp))->v >= level) {
-    GCObject *o = obj2gco(p);
-    lua_assert(p->v != &p->u.value);
-    if (p->v == level) {  /* found a corresponding upvalue? */
-      if (isdead(g, o))  /* is it dead? */
-        changewhite(o);  /* resurrect it */
-      return p;
-    }
-    resetoldbit(o);  /* may create a newer upval after this one */
-    pp = &p->next;
+  lua_assert(isintwups(L) || L->openupval == NULL);
+  while ((p = *pp) != NULL && uplevel(p) >= level) {  /* search for it */
+    lua_assert(!isdead(G(L), p));
+    if (uplevel(p) == level)  /* corresponding upvalue? */
+      return p;  /* return it */
+    pp = &p->u.open.next;
   }
-  /* not found: create a new one */
-  uv = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TUPVAL, sizeof(UpVal), pp, 0)->uv;
-  uv->v = level;  /* current value lives in the stack */
-  uv->u.l.prev = &g->uvhead;  /* double link it in `uvhead' list */
-  uv->u.l.next = g->uvhead.u.l.next;
-  uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev = uv;
-  g->uvhead.u.l.next = uv;
-  lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv);
-  return uv;
+  /* not found: create a new upvalue after 'pp' */
+  return newupval(L, level, pp);
 }
 
 
-static void unlinkupval (UpVal *uv) {
-  lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv);
-  uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev = uv->u.l.prev;  /* remove from `uvhead' list */
-  uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next = uv->u.l.next;
+/*
+** Call closing method for object 'obj' with error object 'err'. The
+** boolean 'yy' controls whether the call is yieldable.
+** (This function assumes EXTRA_STACK.)
+*/
+static void callclosemethod (lua_State *L, TValue *obj, TValue *err, int yy) {
+  StkId top = L->top.p;
+  StkId func = top;
+  const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, obj, TM_CLOSE);
+  setobj2s(L, top++, tm);  /* will call metamethod... */
+  setobj2s(L, top++, obj);  /* with 'self' as the 1st argument */
+  if (err != NULL)  /* if there was an error... */
+    setobj2s(L, top++, err);  /* then error object will be 2nd argument */
+  L->top.p = top;  /* add function and arguments */
+  if (yy)
+    luaD_call(L, func, 0);
+  else
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, func, 0);
 }
 
 
-void luaF_freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv) {
-  if (uv->v != &uv->u.value)  /* is it open? */
-    unlinkupval(uv);  /* remove from open list */
-  luaM_free(L, uv);  /* free upvalue */
+/*
+** Check whether object at given level has a close metamethod and raise
+** an error if not.
+*/
+static void checkclosemth (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+  const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, s2v(level), TM_CLOSE);
+  if (ttisnil(tm)) {  /* no metamethod? */
+    int idx = cast_int(level - L->ci->func.p);  /* variable index */
+    const char *vname = luaG_findlocal(L, L->ci, idx, NULL);
+    if (vname == NULL) vname = "?";
+    luaG_runerror(L, "variable '%s' got a non-closable value", vname);
+  }
 }
 
 
-void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+/*
+** Prepare and call a closing method.
+** If status is CLOSEKTOP, the call to the closing method will be pushed
+** at the top of the stack. Otherwise, values can be pushed right after
+** the 'level' of the upvalue being closed, as everything after that
+** won't be used again.
+*/
+static void prepcallclosemth (lua_State *L, StkId level, TStatus status,
+                                            int yy) {
+  TValue *uv = s2v(level);  /* value being closed */
+  TValue *errobj;
+  switch (status) {
+    case LUA_OK:
+      L->top.p = level + 1;  /* call will be at this level */
+      /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case CLOSEKTOP:  /* don't need to change top */
+      errobj = NULL;  /* no error object */
+      break;
+    default:  /* 'luaD_seterrorobj' will set top to level + 2 */
+      errobj = s2v(level + 1);  /* error object goes after 'uv' */
+      luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, level + 1);  /* set error object */
+      break;
+  }
+  callclosemethod(L, uv, errobj, yy);
+}
+
+
+/* Maximum value for deltas in 'tbclist' */
+#define MAXDELTA       USHRT_MAX
+
+
+/*
+** Insert a variable in the list of to-be-closed variables.
+*/
+void luaF_newtbcupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+  lua_assert(level > L->tbclist.p);
+  if (l_isfalse(s2v(level)))
+    return;  /* false doesn't need to be closed */
+  checkclosemth(L, level);  /* value must have a close method */
+  while (cast_uint(level - L->tbclist.p) > MAXDELTA) {
+    L->tbclist.p += MAXDELTA;  /* create a dummy node at maximum delta */
+    L->tbclist.p->tbclist.delta = 0;
+  }
+  level->tbclist.delta = cast(unsigned short, level - L->tbclist.p);
+  L->tbclist.p = level;
+}
+
+
+void luaF_unlinkupval (UpVal *uv) {
+  lua_assert(upisopen(uv));
+  *uv->u.open.previous = uv->u.open.next;
+  if (uv->u.open.next)
+    uv->u.open.next->u.open.previous = uv->u.open.previous;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Close all upvalues up to the given stack level.
+*/
+void luaF_closeupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
   UpVal *uv;
-  global_State *g = G(L);
-  while (L->openupval != NULL && (uv = gco2uv(L->openupval))->v >= level) {
-    GCObject *o = obj2gco(uv);
-    lua_assert(!isblack(o) && uv->v != &uv->u.value);
-    L->openupval = uv->next;  /* remove from `open' list */
-    if (isdead(g, o))
-      luaF_freeupval(L, uv);  /* free upvalue */
-    else {
-      unlinkupval(uv);  /* remove upvalue from 'uvhead' list */
-      setobj(L, &uv->u.value, uv->v);  /* move value to upvalue slot */
-      uv->v = &uv->u.value;  /* now current value lives here */
-      gch(o)->next = g->allgc;  /* link upvalue into 'allgc' list */
-      g->allgc = o;
-      luaC_checkupvalcolor(g, uv);
+  while ((uv = L->openupval) != NULL && uplevel(uv) >= level) {
+    TValue *slot = &uv->u.value;  /* new position for value */
+    lua_assert(uplevel(uv) < L->top.p);
+    luaF_unlinkupval(uv);  /* remove upvalue from 'openupval' list */
+    setobj(L, slot, uv->v.p);  /* move value to upvalue slot */
+    uv->v.p = slot;  /* now current value lives here */
+    if (!iswhite(uv)) {  /* neither white nor dead? */
+      nw2black(uv);  /* closed upvalues cannot be gray */
+      luaC_barrier(L, uv, slot);
     }
   }
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Remove first element from the tbclist plus its dummy nodes.
+*/
+static void poptbclist (lua_State *L) {
+  StkId tbc = L->tbclist.p;
+  lua_assert(tbc->tbclist.delta > 0);  /* first element cannot be dummy */
+  tbc -= tbc->tbclist.delta;
+  while (tbc > L->stack.p && tbc->tbclist.delta == 0)
+    tbc -= MAXDELTA;  /* remove dummy nodes */
+  L->tbclist.p = tbc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Close all upvalues and to-be-closed variables up to the given stack
+** level. Return restored 'level'.
+*/
+StkId luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level, TStatus status, int yy) {
+  ptrdiff_t levelrel = savestack(L, level);
+  luaF_closeupval(L, level);  /* first, close the upvalues */
+  while (L->tbclist.p >= level) {  /* traverse tbc's down to that level */
+    StkId tbc = L->tbclist.p;  /* get variable index */
+    poptbclist(L);  /* remove it from list */
+    prepcallclosemth(L, tbc, status, yy);  /* close variable */
+    level = restorestack(L, levelrel);
+  }
+  return level;
+}
+
+
 Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L) {
-  Proto *f = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TPROTO, sizeof(Proto), NULL, 0)->p;
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VPROTO, sizeof(Proto));
+  Proto *f = gco2p(o);
   f->k = NULL;
   f->sizek = 0;
   f->p = NULL;
   f->sizep = 0;
   f->code = NULL;
-  f->cache = NULL;
   f->sizecode = 0;
   f->lineinfo = NULL;
   f->sizelineinfo = 0;
+  f->abslineinfo = NULL;
+  f->sizeabslineinfo = 0;
   f->upvalues = NULL;
   f->sizeupvalues = 0;
   f->numparams = 0;
-  f->is_vararg = 0;
+  f->flag = 0;
   f->maxstacksize = 0;
   f->locvars = NULL;
   f->sizelocvars = 0;
@@ -132,19 +267,37 @@ Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
+lu_mem luaF_protosize (Proto *p) {
+  lu_mem sz = cast(lu_mem, sizeof(Proto))
+            + cast_uint(p->sizep) * sizeof(Proto*)
+            + cast_uint(p->sizek) * sizeof(TValue)
+            + cast_uint(p->sizelocvars) * sizeof(LocVar)
+            + cast_uint(p->sizeupvalues) * sizeof(Upvaldesc);
+  if (!(p->flag & PF_FIXED)) {
+    sz += cast_uint(p->sizecode) * sizeof(Instruction);
+    sz += cast_uint(p->sizelineinfo) * sizeof(lu_byte);
+    sz += cast_uint(p->sizeabslineinfo) * sizeof(AbsLineInfo);
+  }
+  return sz;
+}
+
+
 void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f) {
-  luaM_freearray(L, f->code, f->sizecode);
-  luaM_freearray(L, f->p, f->sizep);
-  luaM_freearray(L, f->k, f->sizek);
-  luaM_freearray(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo);
-  luaM_freearray(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars);
-  luaM_freearray(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues);
+  if (!(f->flag & PF_FIXED)) {
+    luaM_freearray(L, f->code, cast_sizet(f->sizecode));
+    luaM_freearray(L, f->lineinfo, cast_sizet(f->sizelineinfo));
+    luaM_freearray(L, f->abslineinfo, cast_sizet(f->sizeabslineinfo));
+  }
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->p, cast_sizet(f->sizep));
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->k, cast_sizet(f->sizek));
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->locvars, cast_sizet(f->sizelocvars));
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->upvalues, cast_sizet(f->sizeupvalues));
   luaM_free(L, f);
 }
 
 
 /*
-** Look for n-th local variable at line `line' in function `func'.
+** Look for n-th local variable at line 'line' in function 'func'.
 ** Returns NULL if not found.
 */
 const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *f, int local_number, int pc) {

lfunc.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lfunc.h,v 2.7 2012/01/20 22:05:50 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lfunc.h $
 ** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -11,21 +11,53 @@
 #include "lobject.h"
 
 
-#define sizeCclosure(n)	(cast(int, sizeof(CClosure)) + \
-                         cast(int, sizeof(TValue)*((n)-1)))
+#define sizeCclosure(n)  \
+	(offsetof(CClosure, upvalue) + sizeof(TValue) * cast_uint(n))
 
-#define sizeLclosure(n)	(cast(int, sizeof(LClosure)) + \
-                         cast(int, sizeof(TValue *)*((n)-1)))
+#define sizeLclosure(n)  \
+	(offsetof(LClosure, upvals) + sizeof(UpVal *) * cast_uint(n))
+
+
+/* test whether thread is in 'twups' list */
+#define isintwups(L)	(L->twups != L)
+
+
+/*
+** maximum number of upvalues in a closure (both C and Lua). (Value
+** must fit in a VM register.)
+*/
+#define MAXUPVAL	255
+
+
+#define upisopen(up)	((up)->v.p != &(up)->u.value)
+
+
+#define uplevel(up)	check_exp(upisopen(up), cast(StkId, (up)->v.p))
+
+
+/*
+** maximum number of misses before giving up the cache of closures
+** in prototypes
+*/
+#define MAXMISS		10
+
+
+
+/* special status to close upvalues preserving the top of the stack */
+#define CLOSEKTOP	(LUA_ERRERR + 1)
 
 
 LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L);
-LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems);
-LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems);
-LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_newupval (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC CClosure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nupvals);
+LUAI_FUNC LClosure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nupvals);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_initupvals (lua_State *L, LClosure *cl);
 LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_newtbcupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_closeupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC StkId luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level, TStatus status, int yy);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_unlinkupval (UpVal *uv);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_mem luaF_protosize (Proto *p);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv);
 LUAI_FUNC const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *func, int local_number,
                                          int pc);
 

lgc.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lgc.h,v 2.55 2012/05/21 13:18:10 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lgc.h $
 ** Garbage Collector
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -8,62 +8,60 @@
 #define lgc_h
 
 
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lstate.h"
 
 /*
-** Collectable objects may have one of three colors: white, which
-** means the object is not marked; gray, which means the
-** object is marked, but its references may be not marked; and
-** black, which means that the object and all its references are marked.
-** The main invariant of the garbage collector, while marking objects,
-** is that a black object can never point to a white one. Moreover,
-** any gray object must be in a "gray list" (gray, grayagain, weak,
-** allweak, ephemeron) so that it can be visited again before finishing
-** the collection cycle. These lists have no meaning when the invariant
-** is not being enforced (e.g., sweep phase).
+** Collectable objects may have one of three colors: white, which means
+** the object is not marked; gray, which means the object is marked, but
+** its references may be not marked; and black, which means that the
+** object and all its references are marked.  The main invariant of the
+** garbage collector, while marking objects, is that a black object can
+** never point to a white one. Moreover, any gray object must be in a
+** "gray list" (gray, grayagain, weak, allweak, ephemeron) so that it
+** can be visited again before finishing the collection cycle. (Open
+** upvalues are an exception to this rule, as they are attached to
+** a corresponding thread.)  These lists have no meaning when the
+** invariant is not being enforced (e.g., sweep phase).
 */
 
 
-
-/* how much to allocate before next GC step */
-#if !defined(GCSTEPSIZE)
-/* ~100 small strings */
-#define GCSTEPSIZE	(cast_int(100 * sizeof(TString)))
-#endif
-
-
 /*
 ** Possible states of the Garbage Collector
 */
 #define GCSpropagate	0
-#define GCSatomic	1
-#define GCSsweepstring	2
-#define GCSsweepudata	3
-#define GCSsweep	4
-#define GCSpause	5
+#define GCSenteratomic	1
+#define GCSatomic	2
+#define GCSswpallgc	3
+#define GCSswpfinobj	4
+#define GCSswptobefnz	5
+#define GCSswpend	6
+#define GCScallfin	7
+#define GCSpause	8
 
 
 #define issweepphase(g)  \
-	(GCSsweepstring <= (g)->gcstate && (g)->gcstate <= GCSsweep)
+	(GCSswpallgc <= (g)->gcstate && (g)->gcstate <= GCSswpend)
 
-#define isgenerational(g)	((g)->gckind == KGC_GEN)
 
 /*
 ** macro to tell when main invariant (white objects cannot point to black
-** ones) must be kept. During a non-generational collection, the sweep
-** phase may break the invariant, as objects turned white may point to
-** still-black objects. The invariant is restored when sweep ends and
-** all objects are white again. During a generational collection, the
-** invariant must be kept all times.
+** ones) must be kept. During a collection, the sweep phase may break
+** the invariant, as objects turned white may point to still-black
+** objects. The invariant is restored when sweep ends and all objects
+** are white again.
 */
-#define keepinvariant(g)  (isgenerational(g) || g->gcstate <= GCSatomic)
+
+#define keepinvariant(g)	((g)->gcstate <= GCSatomic)
 
 
 /*
 ** some useful bit tricks
 */
-#define resetbits(x,m)		((x) &= cast(lu_byte, ~(m)))
+#define resetbits(x,m)		((x) &= cast_byte(~(m)))
 #define setbits(x,m)		((x) |= (m))
 #define testbits(x,m)		((x) & (m))
 #define bitmask(b)		(1<<(b))
@@ -73,75 +71,198 @@
 #define testbit(x,b)		testbits(x, bitmask(b))
 
 
-/* Layout for bit use in `marked' field: */
-#define WHITE0BIT	0  /* object is white (type 0) */
-#define WHITE1BIT	1  /* object is white (type 1) */
-#define BLACKBIT	2  /* object is black */
-#define FINALIZEDBIT	3  /* object has been separated for finalization */
-#define SEPARATED	4  /* object is in 'finobj' list or in 'tobefnz' */
-#define FIXEDBIT	5  /* object is fixed (should not be collected) */
-#define OLDBIT		6  /* object is old (only in generational mode) */
-/* bit 7 is currently used by tests (luaL_checkmemory) */
+/*
+** Layout for bit use in 'marked' field. First three bits are
+** used for object "age" in generational mode. Last bit is used
+** by tests.
+*/
+#define WHITE0BIT	3  /* object is white (type 0) */
+#define WHITE1BIT	4  /* object is white (type 1) */
+#define BLACKBIT	5  /* object is black */
+#define FINALIZEDBIT	6  /* object has been marked for finalization */
+
+#define TESTBIT		7
+
+
 
 #define WHITEBITS	bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT)
 
 
-#define iswhite(x)      testbits((x)->gch.marked, WHITEBITS)
-#define isblack(x)      testbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT)
+#define iswhite(x)      testbits((x)->marked, WHITEBITS)
+#define isblack(x)      testbit((x)->marked, BLACKBIT)
 #define isgray(x)  /* neither white nor black */  \
-	(!testbits((x)->gch.marked, WHITEBITS | bitmask(BLACKBIT)))
+	(!testbits((x)->marked, WHITEBITS | bitmask(BLACKBIT)))
 
-#define isold(x)	testbit((x)->gch.marked, OLDBIT)
+#define tofinalize(x)	testbit((x)->marked, FINALIZEDBIT)
 
-/* MOVE OLD rule: whenever an object is moved to the beginning of
-   a GC list, its old bit must be cleared */
-#define resetoldbit(o)	resetbit((o)->gch.marked, OLDBIT)
+#define otherwhite(g)	((g)->currentwhite ^ WHITEBITS)
+#define isdeadm(ow,m)	((m) & (ow))
+#define isdead(g,v)	isdeadm(otherwhite(g), (v)->marked)
 
-#define otherwhite(g)	(g->currentwhite ^ WHITEBITS)
-#define isdeadm(ow,m)	(!(((m) ^ WHITEBITS) & (ow)))
-#define isdead(g,v)	isdeadm(otherwhite(g), (v)->gch.marked)
+#define changewhite(x)	((x)->marked ^= WHITEBITS)
+#define nw2black(x)  \
+	check_exp(!iswhite(x), l_setbit((x)->marked, BLACKBIT))
 
-#define changewhite(x)	((x)->gch.marked ^= WHITEBITS)
-#define gray2black(x)	l_setbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT)
-
-#define valiswhite(x)	(iscollectable(x) && iswhite(gcvalue(x)))
-
-#define luaC_white(g)	cast(lu_byte, (g)->currentwhite & WHITEBITS)
+#define luaC_white(g)	cast_byte((g)->currentwhite & WHITEBITS)
 
 
-#define luaC_condGC(L,c) \
-	{if (G(L)->GCdebt > 0) {c;}; condchangemem(L);}
-#define luaC_checkGC(L)		luaC_condGC(L, luaC_step(L);)
+/* object age in generational mode */
+#define G_NEW		0	/* created in current cycle */
+#define G_SURVIVAL	1	/* created in previous cycle */
+#define G_OLD0		2	/* marked old by frw. barrier in this cycle */
+#define G_OLD1		3	/* first full cycle as old */
+#define G_OLD		4	/* really old object (not to be visited) */
+#define G_TOUCHED1	5	/* old object touched this cycle */
+#define G_TOUCHED2	6	/* old object touched in previous cycle */
+
+#define AGEBITS		7  /* all age bits (111) */
+
+#define getage(o)	((o)->marked & AGEBITS)
+#define setage(o,a)  ((o)->marked = cast_byte(((o)->marked & (~AGEBITS)) | a))
+#define isold(o)	(getage(o) > G_SURVIVAL)
 
 
-#define luaC_barrier(L,p,v) { if (valiswhite(v) && isblack(obj2gco(p)))  \
-	luaC_barrier_(L,obj2gco(p),gcvalue(v)); }
+/*
+** In generational mode, objects are created 'new'. After surviving one
+** cycle, they become 'survival'. Both 'new' and 'survival' can point
+** to any other object, as they are traversed at the end of the cycle.
+** We call them both 'young' objects.
+** If a survival object survives another cycle, it becomes 'old1'.
+** 'old1' objects can still point to survival objects (but not to
+** new objects), so they still must be traversed. After another cycle
+** (that, being old, 'old1' objects will "survive" no matter what)
+** finally the 'old1' object becomes really 'old', and then they
+** are no more traversed.
+**
+** To keep its invariants, the generational mode uses the same barriers
+** also used by the incremental mode. If a young object is caught in a
+** forward barrier, it cannot become old immediately, because it can
+** still point to other young objects. Instead, it becomes 'old0',
+** which in the next cycle becomes 'old1'. So, 'old0' objects is
+** old but can point to new and survival objects; 'old1' is old
+** but cannot point to new objects; and 'old' cannot point to any
+** young object.
+**
+** If any old object ('old0', 'old1', 'old') is caught in a back
+** barrier, it becomes 'touched1' and goes into a gray list, to be
+** visited at the end of the cycle.  There it evolves to 'touched2',
+** which can point to survivals but not to new objects. In yet another
+** cycle then it becomes 'old' again.
+**
+** The generational mode must also control the colors of objects,
+** because of the barriers.  While the mutator is running, young objects
+** are kept white. 'old', 'old1', and 'touched2' objects are kept black,
+** as they cannot point to new objects; exceptions are threads and open
+** upvalues, which age to 'old1' and 'old' but are kept gray. 'old0'
+** objects may be gray or black, as in the incremental mode. 'touched1'
+** objects are kept gray, as they must be visited again at the end of
+** the cycle.
+*/
 
-#define luaC_barrierback(L,p,v) { if (valiswhite(v) && isblack(obj2gco(p)))  \
-	luaC_barrierback_(L,p); }
 
-#define luaC_objbarrier(L,p,o)  \
-	{ if (iswhite(obj2gco(o)) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) \
-		luaC_barrier_(L,obj2gco(p),obj2gco(o)); }
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Default Values for GC parameters
+** =======================================================
+*/
 
-#define luaC_objbarrierback(L,p,o)  \
-   { if (iswhite(obj2gco(o)) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) luaC_barrierback_(L,p); }
+/*
+** Minor collections will shift to major ones after LUAI_MINORMAJOR%
+** bytes become old.
+*/
+#define LUAI_MINORMAJOR         70
 
-#define luaC_barrierproto(L,p,c) \
-   { if (isblack(obj2gco(p))) luaC_barrierproto_(L,p,c); }
+/*
+** Major collections will shift to minor ones after a collection
+** collects at least LUAI_MAJORMINOR% of the new bytes.
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAJORMINOR         50
 
+/*
+** A young (minor) collection will run after creating LUAI_GENMINORMUL%
+** new bytes.
+*/
+#define LUAI_GENMINORMUL         20
+
+
+/* incremental */
+
+/* Number of bytes must be LUAI_GCPAUSE% before starting new cycle */
+#define LUAI_GCPAUSE    250
+
+/*
+** Step multiplier: The collector handles LUAI_GCMUL% work units for
+** each new allocated word. (Each "work unit" corresponds roughly to
+** sweeping one object or traversing one slot.)
+*/
+#define LUAI_GCMUL      200
+
+/* How many bytes to allocate before next GC step */
+#define LUAI_GCSTEPSIZE	(200 * sizeof(Table))
+
+
+#define setgcparam(g,p,v)  (g->gcparams[LUA_GCP##p] = luaO_codeparam(v))
+#define applygcparam(g,p,x)  luaO_applyparam(g->gcparams[LUA_GCP##p], x)
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** Control when GC is running:
+*/
+#define GCSTPUSR	1  /* bit true when GC stopped by user */
+#define GCSTPGC		2  /* bit true when GC stopped by itself */
+#define GCSTPCLS	4  /* bit true when closing Lua state */
+#define gcrunning(g)	((g)->gcstp == 0)
+
+
+/*
+** Does one step of collection when debt becomes zero. 'pre'/'pos'
+** allows some adjustments to be done only when needed. macro
+** 'condchangemem' is used only for heavy tests (forcing a full
+** GC cycle on every opportunity)
+*/
+
+#if !defined(HARDMEMTESTS)
+#define condchangemem(L,pre,pos,emg)	((void)0)
+#else
+#define condchangemem(L,pre,pos,emg)  \
+	{ if (gcrunning(G(L))) { pre; luaC_fullgc(L, emg); pos; } }
+#endif
+
+#define luaC_condGC(L,pre,pos) \
+	{ if (G(L)->GCdebt <= 0) { pre; luaC_step(L); pos;}; \
+	  condchangemem(L,pre,pos,0); }
+
+/* more often than not, 'pre'/'pos' are empty */
+#define luaC_checkGC(L)		luaC_condGC(L,(void)0,(void)0)
+
+
+#define luaC_objbarrier(L,p,o) (  \
+	(isblack(p) && iswhite(o)) ? \
+	luaC_barrier_(L,obj2gco(p),obj2gco(o)) : cast_void(0))
+
+#define luaC_barrier(L,p,v) (  \
+	iscollectable(v) ? luaC_objbarrier(L,p,gcvalue(v)) : cast_void(0))
+
+#define luaC_objbarrierback(L,p,o) (  \
+	(isblack(p) && iswhite(o)) ? luaC_barrierback_(L,p) : cast_void(0))
+
+#define luaC_barrierback(L,p,v) (  \
+	iscollectable(v) ? luaC_objbarrierback(L, p, gcvalue(v)) : cast_void(0))
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_fix (lua_State *L, GCObject *o);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaC_freeallobjects (lua_State *L);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaC_step (lua_State *L);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaC_forcestep (lua_State *L);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaC_runtilstate (lua_State *L, int statesmask);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_runtilstate (lua_State *L, int state, int fast);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L, int isemergency);
-LUAI_FUNC GCObject *luaC_newobj (lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz,
-                                 GCObject **list, int offset);
+LUAI_FUNC GCObject *luaC_newobj (lua_State *L, lu_byte tt, size_t sz);
+LUAI_FUNC GCObject *luaC_newobjdt (lua_State *L, lu_byte tt, size_t sz,
+                                                 size_t offset);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrier_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierback_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierproto_ (lua_State *L, Proto *p, Closure *c);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaC_checkfinalizer (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, Table *mt);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaC_checkupvalcolor (global_State *g, UpVal *uv);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaC_changemode (lua_State *L, int mode);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_changemode (lua_State *L, int newmode);
+
 
 #endif

linit.c

@@ -1,67 +1,63 @@
 /*
-** $Id: linit.c,v 1.31 2011/01/26 16:30:02 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: linit.c $
 ** Initialization of libraries for lua.c and other clients
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
 
-/*
-** If you embed Lua in your program and need to open the standard
-** libraries, call luaL_openlibs in your program. If you need a
-** different set of libraries, copy this file to your project and edit
-** it to suit your needs.
-*/
-
-
 #define linit_c
 #define LUA_LIB
 
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "lualib.h"
 #include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 /*
-** these libs are loaded by lua.c and are readily available to any Lua
-** program
+** Standard Libraries. (Must be listed in the same ORDER of their
+** respective constants LUA_<libname>K.)
 */
-static const luaL_Reg loadedlibs[] = {
-  {"_G", luaopen_base},
+static const luaL_Reg stdlibs[] = {
+  {LUA_GNAME, luaopen_base},
   {LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package},
   {LUA_COLIBNAME, luaopen_coroutine},
-  {LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table},
+  {LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug},
   {LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io},
+  {LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},
   {LUA_OSLIBNAME, luaopen_os},
   {LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string},
-  {LUA_BITLIBNAME, luaopen_bit32},
-  {LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},
-  {LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug},
+  {LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table},
+  {LUA_UTF8LIBNAME, luaopen_utf8},
   {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
 
 /*
-** these libs are preloaded and must be required before used
+** require and preload selected standard libraries
 */
-static const luaL_Reg preloadedlibs[] = {
-  {NULL, NULL}
-};
-
-
-LUALIB_API void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L) {
+LUALIB_API void luaL_openselectedlibs (lua_State *L, int load, int preload) {
+  int mask;
   const luaL_Reg *lib;
-  /* call open functions from 'loadedlibs' and set results to global table */
-  for (lib = loadedlibs; lib->func; lib++) {
-    luaL_requiref(L, lib->name, lib->func, 1);
-    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove lib */
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE);
+  for (lib = stdlibs, mask = 1; lib->name != NULL; lib++, mask <<= 1) {
+    if (load & mask) {  /* selected? */
+      luaL_requiref(L, lib->name, lib->func, 1);  /* require library */
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove result from the stack */
+    }
+    else if (preload & mask) {  /* selected? */
+      lua_pushcfunction(L, lib->func);
+      lua_setfield(L, -2, lib->name);  /* add library to PRELOAD table */
+    }
   }
-  /* add open functions from 'preloadedlibs' into 'package.preload' table */
-  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_PRELOAD");
-  for (lib = preloadedlibs; lib->func; lib++) {
-    lua_pushcfunction(L, lib->func);
-    lua_setfield(L, -2, lib->name);
-  }
-  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove _PRELOAD table */
+  lua_assert((mask >> 1) == LUA_UTF8LIBK);
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove PRELOAD table */
 }
 

liolib.c

@@ -1,105 +1,152 @@
 /*
-** $Id: liolib.c,v 2.107 2011/11/14 16:55:35 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: liolib.c $
 ** Standard I/O (and system) library
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
+#define liolib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
 
-/*
-** POSIX idiosyncrasy!
-** This definition must come before the inclusion of 'stdio.h'; it
-** should not affect non-POSIX systems
-*/
-#if !defined(_FILE_OFFSET_BITS)
-#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
-#endif
+#include "lprefix.h"
 
 
+#include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <locale.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#define liolib_c
-#define LUA_LIB
-
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
-
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
+/*
+** Change this macro to accept other modes for 'fopen' besides
+** the standard ones.
+*/
+#if !defined(l_checkmode)
+
+/* accepted extensions to 'mode' in 'fopen' */
+#if !defined(L_MODEEXT)
+#define L_MODEEXT	"b"
+#endif
+
+/* Check whether 'mode' matches '[rwa]%+?[L_MODEEXT]*' */
+static int l_checkmode (const char *mode) {
+  return (*mode != '\0' && strchr("rwa", *(mode++)) != NULL &&
+         (*mode != '+' || ((void)(++mode), 1)) &&  /* skip if char is '+' */
+         (strspn(mode, L_MODEEXT) == strlen(mode)));  /* check extensions */
+}
+
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** {======================================================
-** lua_popen spawns a new process connected to the current
+** l_popen spawns a new process connected to the current
 ** one through the file streams.
 ** =======================================================
 */
 
-#if !defined(lua_popen)	/* { */
+#if !defined(l_popen)		/* { */
 
-#if defined(LUA_USE_POPEN)	/* { */
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
 
-#define lua_popen(L,c,m)	((void)L, fflush(NULL), popen(c,m))
-#define lua_pclose(L,file)	((void)L, pclose(file))
+#define l_popen(L,c,m)		(fflush(NULL), popen(c,m))
+#define l_pclose(L,file)	(pclose(file))
 
-#elif defined(LUA_WIN)		/* }{ */
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)	/* }{ */
 
-#define lua_popen(L,c,m)		((void)L, _popen(c,m))
-#define lua_pclose(L,file)		((void)L, _pclose(file))
+#define l_popen(L,c,m)		(_popen(c,m))
+#define l_pclose(L,file)	(_pclose(file))
 
+#if !defined(l_checkmodep)
+/* Windows accepts "[rw][bt]?" as valid modes */
+#define l_checkmodep(m)	((m[0] == 'r' || m[0] == 'w') && \
+  (m[1] == '\0' || ((m[1] == 'b' || m[1] == 't') && m[2] == '\0')))
+#endif
 
 #else				/* }{ */
 
-#define lua_popen(L,c,m)		((void)((void)c, m),  \
-		luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("popen") " not supported"), (FILE*)0)
-#define lua_pclose(L,file)		((void)((void)L, file), -1)
-
+/* ISO C definitions */
+#define l_popen(L,c,m)  \
+	  ((void)c, (void)m, \
+	  luaL_error(L, "'popen' not supported"), \
+	  (FILE*)0)
+#define l_pclose(L,file)		((void)L, (void)file, -1)
 
 #endif				/* } */
 
-#endif			/* } */
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+#if !defined(l_checkmodep)
+/* By default, Lua accepts only "r" or "w" as valid modes */
+#define l_checkmodep(m)        ((m[0] == 'r' || m[0] == 'w') && m[1] == '\0')
+#endif
 
 /* }====================================================== */
 
 
+#if !defined(l_getc)		/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
+#define l_getc(f)		getc_unlocked(f)
+#define l_lockfile(f)		flockfile(f)
+#define l_unlockfile(f)		funlockfile(f)
+#else
+#define l_getc(f)		getc(f)
+#define l_lockfile(f)		((void)0)
+#define l_unlockfile(f)		((void)0)
+#endif
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
 /*
 ** {======================================================
-** lua_fseek/lua_ftell: configuration for longer offsets
+** l_fseek: configuration for longer offsets
 ** =======================================================
 */
 
-#if !defined(lua_fseek)	/* { */
+#if !defined(l_fseek)		/* { */
 
-#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX) || defined(LUA_USE_OFF_T)	/* { */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
 
 #define l_fseek(f,o,w)		fseeko(f,o,w)
 #define l_ftell(f)		ftello(f)
 #define l_seeknum		off_t
 
-#elif defined(LUA_WIN) && !defined(_CRTIMP_TYPEINFO) \
-   && defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400)
-/* Windows (but not DDK) and Visual C++ 2005 or higher */
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS) && !defined(_CRTIMP_TYPEINFO) \
+   && defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400)	/* }{ */
 
+/* Windows (but not DDK) and Visual C++ 2005 or higher */
 #define l_fseek(f,o,w)		_fseeki64(f,o,w)
 #define l_ftell(f)		_ftelli64(f)
 #define l_seeknum		__int64
 
-#else
+#else				/* }{ */
 
+/* ISO C definitions */
 #define l_fseek(f,o,w)		fseek(f,o,w)
 #define l_ftell(f)		ftell(f)
 #define l_seeknum		long
 
-#endif
+#endif				/* } */
 
-#endif			/* } */
+#endif				/* } */
 
 /* }====================================================== */
 
 
+
 #define IO_PREFIX	"_IO_"
+#define IOPREF_LEN	(sizeof(IO_PREFIX)/sizeof(char) - 1)
 #define IO_INPUT	(IO_PREFIX "input")
 #define IO_OUTPUT	(IO_PREFIX "output")
 
@@ -117,7 +164,7 @@ static int io_type (lua_State *L) {
   luaL_checkany(L, 1);
   p = (LStream *)luaL_testudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
   if (p == NULL)
-    lua_pushnil(L);  /* not a file */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* not a file */
   else if (isclosed(p))
     lua_pushliteral(L, "closed file");
   else
@@ -138,7 +185,7 @@ static int f_tostring (lua_State *L) {
 
 static FILE *tofile (lua_State *L) {
   LStream *p = tolstream(L);
-  if (isclosed(p))
+  if (l_unlikely(isclosed(p)))
     luaL_error(L, "attempt to use a closed file");
   lua_assert(p->f);
   return p->f;
@@ -146,34 +193,44 @@ static FILE *tofile (lua_State *L) {
 
 
 /*
-** When creating file handles, always creates a `closed' file handle
+** When creating file handles, always creates a 'closed' file handle
 ** before opening the actual file; so, if there is a memory error, the
-** file is not left opened.
+** handle is in a consistent state.
 */
 static LStream *newprefile (lua_State *L) {
-  LStream *p = (LStream *)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(LStream));
+  LStream *p = (LStream *)lua_newuserdatauv(L, sizeof(LStream), 0);
   p->closef = NULL;  /* mark file handle as 'closed' */
   luaL_setmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
   return p;
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Calls the 'close' function from a file handle. The 'volatile' avoids
+** a bug in some versions of the Clang compiler (e.g., clang 3.0 for
+** 32 bits).
+*/
 static int aux_close (lua_State *L) {
   LStream *p = tolstream(L);
-  lua_CFunction cf = p->closef;
+  volatile lua_CFunction cf = p->closef;
   p->closef = NULL;  /* mark stream as closed */
   return (*cf)(L);  /* close it */
 }
 
 
-static int io_close (lua_State *L) {
-  if (lua_isnone(L, 1))  /* no argument? */
-    lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, IO_OUTPUT);  /* use standard output */
+static int f_close (lua_State *L) {
   tofile(L);  /* make sure argument is an open stream */
   return aux_close(L);
 }
 
 
+static int io_close (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isnone(L, 1))  /* no argument? */
+    lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, IO_OUTPUT);  /* use default output */
+  return f_close(L);
+}
+
+
 static int f_gc (lua_State *L) {
   LStream *p = tolstream(L);
   if (!isclosed(p) && p->f != NULL)
@@ -187,8 +244,8 @@ static int f_gc (lua_State *L) {
 */
 static int io_fclose (lua_State *L) {
   LStream *p = tolstream(L);
-  int res = fclose(p->f);
-  return luaL_fileresult(L, (res == 0), NULL);
+  errno = 0;
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, (fclose(p->f) == 0), NULL);
 }
 
 
@@ -203,8 +260,8 @@ static LStream *newfile (lua_State *L) {
 static void opencheck (lua_State *L, const char *fname, const char *mode) {
   LStream *p = newfile(L);
   p->f = fopen(fname, mode);
-  if (p->f == NULL)
-    luaL_error(L, "cannot open file " LUA_QS " (%s)", fname, strerror(errno));
+  if (l_unlikely(p->f == NULL))
+    luaL_error(L, "cannot open file '%s' (%s)", fname, strerror(errno));
 }
 
 
@@ -212,14 +269,9 @@ static int io_open (lua_State *L) {
   const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
   const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
   LStream *p = newfile(L);
-  int i = 0;
-  /* check whether 'mode' matches '[rwa]%+?b?' */
-  if (!(mode[i] != '\0' && strchr("rwa", mode[i++]) != NULL &&
-       (mode[i] != '+' || ++i) &&  /* skip if char is '+' */
-       (mode[i] != 'b' || ++i) &&  /* skip if char is 'b' */
-       (mode[i] == '\0')))
-    return luaL_error(L, "invalid mode " LUA_QS
-                         " (should match " LUA_QL("[rwa]%%+?b?") ")", mode);
+  const char *md = mode;  /* to traverse/check mode */
+  luaL_argcheck(L, l_checkmode(md), 2, "invalid mode");
+  errno = 0;
   p->f = fopen(filename, mode);
   return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
 }
@@ -230,7 +282,8 @@ static int io_open (lua_State *L) {
 */
 static int io_pclose (lua_State *L) {
   LStream *p = tolstream(L);
-  return luaL_execresult(L, lua_pclose(L, p->f));
+  errno = 0;
+  return luaL_execresult(L, l_pclose(L, p->f));
 }
 
 
@@ -238,7 +291,9 @@ static int io_popen (lua_State *L) {
   const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
   const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
   LStream *p = newprefile(L);
-  p->f = lua_popen(L, filename, mode);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, l_checkmodep(mode), 2, "invalid mode");
+  errno = 0;
+  p->f = l_popen(L, filename, mode);
   p->closef = &io_pclose;
   return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
 }
@@ -246,6 +301,7 @@ static int io_popen (lua_State *L) {
 
 static int io_tmpfile (lua_State *L) {
   LStream *p = newfile(L);
+  errno = 0;
   p->f = tmpfile();
   return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL) : 1;
 }
@@ -255,8 +311,8 @@ static FILE *getiofile (lua_State *L, const char *findex) {
   LStream *p;
   lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, findex);
   p = (LStream *)lua_touserdata(L, -1);
-  if (isclosed(p))
-    luaL_error(L, "standard %s file is closed", findex + strlen(IO_PREFIX));
+  if (l_unlikely(isclosed(p)))
+    luaL_error(L, "default %s file is closed", findex + IOPREF_LEN);
   return p->f;
 }
 
@@ -291,15 +347,28 @@ static int io_output (lua_State *L) {
 static int io_readline (lua_State *L);
 
 
+/*
+** maximum number of arguments to 'f:lines'/'io.lines' (it + 3 must fit
+** in the limit for upvalues of a closure)
+*/
+#define MAXARGLINE	250
+
+/*
+** Auxiliary function to create the iteration function for 'lines'.
+** The iteration function is a closure over 'io_readline', with
+** the following upvalues:
+** 1) The file being read (first value in the stack)
+** 2) the number of arguments to read
+** 3) a boolean, true iff file has to be closed when finished ('toclose')
+** *) a variable number of format arguments (rest of the stack)
+*/
 static void aux_lines (lua_State *L, int toclose) {
-  int i;
   int n = lua_gettop(L) - 1;  /* number of arguments to read */
-  /* ensure that arguments will fit here and into 'io_readline' stack */
-  luaL_argcheck(L, n <= LUA_MINSTACK - 3, LUA_MINSTACK - 3, "too many options");
-  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* file handle */
+  luaL_argcheck(L, n <= MAXARGLINE, MAXARGLINE + 2, "too many arguments");
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* file */
   lua_pushinteger(L, n);  /* number of arguments to read */
   lua_pushboolean(L, toclose);  /* close/not close file when finished */
-  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) lua_pushvalue(L, i + 1);  /* copy arguments */
+  lua_rotate(L, 2, 3);  /* move the three values to their positions */
   lua_pushcclosure(L, io_readline, 3 + n);
 }
 
@@ -311,6 +380,11 @@ static int f_lines (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Return an iteration function for 'io.lines'. If file has to be
+** closed, also returns the file itself as a second result (to be
+** closed as the state at the exit of a generic for).
+*/
 static int io_lines (lua_State *L) {
   int toclose;
   if (lua_isnone(L, 1)) lua_pushnil(L);  /* at least one argument */
@@ -326,8 +400,15 @@ static int io_lines (lua_State *L) {
     lua_replace(L, 1);  /* put file at index 1 */
     toclose = 1;  /* close it after iteration */
   }
-  aux_lines(L, toclose);
-  return 1;
+  aux_lines(L, toclose);  /* push iteration function */
+  if (toclose) {
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* state */
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* control */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* file is the to-be-closed variable (4th result) */
+    return 4;
+  }
+  else
+    return 1;
 }
 
 
@@ -338,13 +419,91 @@ static int io_lines (lua_State *L) {
 */
 
 
-static int read_number (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
-  lua_Number d;
-  if (fscanf(f, LUA_NUMBER_SCAN, &d) == 1) {
-    lua_pushnumber(L, d);
-    return 1;
+/* maximum length of a numeral */
+#if !defined (L_MAXLENNUM)
+#define L_MAXLENNUM     200
+#endif
+
+
+/* auxiliary structure used by 'read_number' */
+typedef struct {
+  FILE *f;  /* file being read */
+  int c;  /* current character (look ahead) */
+  int n;  /* number of elements in buffer 'buff' */
+  char buff[L_MAXLENNUM + 1];  /* +1 for ending '\0' */
+} RN;
+
+
+/*
+** Add current char to buffer (if not out of space) and read next one
+*/
+static int nextc (RN *rn) {
+  if (l_unlikely(rn->n >= L_MAXLENNUM)) {  /* buffer overflow? */
+    rn->buff[0] = '\0';  /* invalidate result */
+    return 0;  /* fail */
   }
   else {
+    rn->buff[rn->n++] = cast_char(rn->c);  /* save current char */
+    rn->c = l_getc(rn->f);  /* read next one */
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Accept current char if it is in 'set' (of size 2)
+*/
+static int test2 (RN *rn, const char *set) {
+  if (rn->c == set[0] || rn->c == set[1])
+    return nextc(rn);
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read a sequence of (hex)digits
+*/
+static int readdigits (RN *rn, int hex) {
+  int count = 0;
+  while ((hex ? isxdigit(rn->c) : isdigit(rn->c)) && nextc(rn))
+    count++;
+  return count;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read a number: first reads a valid prefix of a numeral into a buffer.
+** Then it calls 'lua_stringtonumber' to check whether the format is
+** correct and to convert it to a Lua number.
+*/
+static int read_number (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+  RN rn;
+  int count = 0;
+  int hex = 0;
+  char decp[2];
+  rn.f = f; rn.n = 0;
+  decp[0] = lua_getlocaledecpoint();  /* get decimal point from locale */
+  decp[1] = '.';  /* always accept a dot */
+  l_lockfile(rn.f);
+  do { rn.c = l_getc(rn.f); } while (isspace(rn.c));  /* skip spaces */
+  test2(&rn, "-+");  /* optional sign */
+  if (test2(&rn, "00")) {
+    if (test2(&rn, "xX")) hex = 1;  /* numeral is hexadecimal */
+    else count = 1;  /* count initial '0' as a valid digit */
+  }
+  count += readdigits(&rn, hex);  /* integral part */
+  if (test2(&rn, decp))  /* decimal point? */
+    count += readdigits(&rn, hex);  /* fractional part */
+  if (count > 0 && test2(&rn, (hex ? "pP" : "eE"))) {  /* exponent mark? */
+    test2(&rn, "-+");  /* exponent sign */
+    readdigits(&rn, 0);  /* exponent digits */
+  }
+  ungetc(rn.c, rn.f);  /* unread look-ahead char */
+  l_unlockfile(rn.f);
+  rn.buff[rn.n] = '\0';  /* finish string */
+  if (l_likely(lua_stringtonumber(L, rn.buff)))
+    return 1;  /* ok, it is a valid number */
+  else {  /* invalid format */
    lua_pushnil(L);  /* "result" to be removed */
    return 0;  /* read fails */
   }
@@ -353,48 +512,42 @@ static int read_number (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
 
 static int test_eof (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
   int c = getc(f);
-  ungetc(c, f);
-  lua_pushlstring(L, NULL, 0);
+  ungetc(c, f);  /* no-op when c == EOF */
+  lua_pushliteral(L, "");
   return (c != EOF);
 }
 
 
 static int read_line (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int chop) {
   luaL_Buffer b;
+  int c;
   luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
-  for (;;) {
-    size_t l;
-    char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);
-    if (fgets(p, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE, f) == NULL) {  /* eof? */
-      luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
-      return (lua_rawlen(L, -1) > 0);  /* check whether read something */
-    }
-    l = strlen(p);
-    if (l == 0 || p[l-1] != '\n')
-      luaL_addsize(&b, l);
-    else {
-      luaL_addsize(&b, l - chop);  /* chop 'eol' if needed */
-      luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
-      return 1;  /* read at least an `eol' */
-    }
-  }
+  do {  /* may need to read several chunks to get whole line */
+    char *buff = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);  /* preallocate buffer space */
+    unsigned i = 0;
+    l_lockfile(f);  /* no memory errors can happen inside the lock */
+    while (i < LUAL_BUFFERSIZE && (c = l_getc(f)) != EOF && c != '\n')
+      buff[i++] = cast_char(c);  /* read up to end of line or buffer limit */
+    l_unlockfile(f);
+    luaL_addsize(&b, i);
+  } while (c != EOF && c != '\n');  /* repeat until end of line */
+  if (!chop && c == '\n')  /* want a newline and have one? */
+    luaL_addchar(&b, '\n');  /* add ending newline to result */
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
+  /* return ok if read something (either a newline or something else) */
+  return (c == '\n' || lua_rawlen(L, -1) > 0);
 }
 
 
-#define MAX_SIZE_T	(~(size_t)0)
-
 static void read_all (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
-  size_t rlen = LUAL_BUFFERSIZE;  /* how much to read in each cycle */
+  size_t nr;
   luaL_Buffer b;
   luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
-  for (;;) {
-    char *p = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, rlen);
-    size_t nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), rlen, f);
+  do {  /* read file in chunks of LUAL_BUFFERSIZE bytes */
+    char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);
+    nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), LUAL_BUFFERSIZE, f);
     luaL_addsize(&b, nr);
-    if (nr < rlen) break;  /* eof? */
-    else if (rlen <= (MAX_SIZE_T / 4))  /* avoid buffers too large */
-      rlen *= 2;  /* double buffer size at each iteration */
-  }
+  } while (nr == LUAL_BUFFERSIZE);
   luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
 }
 
@@ -414,25 +567,26 @@ static int read_chars (lua_State *L, FILE *f, size_t n) {
 
 static int g_read (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int first) {
   int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - 1;
-  int success;
-  int n;
+  int n, success;
   clearerr(f);
+  errno = 0;
   if (nargs == 0) {  /* no arguments? */
     success = read_line(L, f, 1);
-    n = first+1;  /* to return 1 result */
+    n = first + 1;  /* to return 1 result */
   }
-  else {  /* ensure stack space for all results and for auxlib's buffer */
+  else {
+    /* ensure stack space for all results and for auxlib's buffer */
     luaL_checkstack(L, nargs+LUA_MINSTACK, "too many arguments");
     success = 1;
     for (n = first; nargs-- && success; n++) {
       if (lua_type(L, n) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
-        size_t l = (size_t)lua_tointeger(L, n);
+        size_t l = (size_t)luaL_checkinteger(L, n);
         success = (l == 0) ? test_eof(L, f) : read_chars(L, f, l);
       }
       else {
-        const char *p = lua_tostring(L, n);
-        luaL_argcheck(L, p && p[0] == '*', n, "invalid option");
-        switch (p[1]) {
+        const char *p = luaL_checkstring(L, n);
+        if (*p == '*') p++;  /* skip optional '*' (for compatibility) */
+        switch (*p) {
           case 'n':  /* number */
             success = read_number(L, f);
             break;
@@ -456,7 +610,7 @@ static int g_read (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int first) {
     return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);
   if (!success) {
     lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove last result */
-    lua_pushnil(L);  /* push nil instead */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* push nil instead */
   }
   return n - first;
 }
@@ -472,6 +626,9 @@ static int f_read (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Iteration function for 'lines'.
+*/
 static int io_readline (lua_State *L) {
   LStream *p = (LStream *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
   int i;
@@ -479,20 +636,21 @@ static int io_readline (lua_State *L) {
   if (isclosed(p))  /* file is already closed? */
     return luaL_error(L, "file is already closed");
   lua_settop(L , 1);
+  luaL_checkstack(L, n, "too many arguments");
   for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)  /* push arguments to 'g_read' */
     lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(3 + i));
   n = g_read(L, p->f, 2);  /* 'n' is number of results */
   lua_assert(n > 0);  /* should return at least a nil */
-  if (!lua_isnil(L, -n))  /* read at least one value? */
+  if (lua_toboolean(L, -n))  /* read at least one value? */
     return n;  /* return them */
-  else {  /* first result is nil: EOF or error */
+  else {  /* first result is false: EOF or error */
     if (n > 1) {  /* is there error information? */
       /* 2nd result is error message */
       return luaL_error(L, "%s", lua_tostring(L, -n + 1));
     }
     if (lua_toboolean(L, lua_upvalueindex(3))) {  /* generator created file? */
-      lua_settop(L, 0);
-      lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+      lua_settop(L, 0);  /* clear stack */
+      lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));  /* push file at index 1 */
       aux_close(L);  /* close it */
     }
     return 0;
@@ -504,21 +662,28 @@ static int io_readline (lua_State *L) {
 
 static int g_write (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int arg) {
   int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - arg;
-  int status = 1;
-  for (; nargs--; arg++) {
-    if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
-      /* optimization: could be done exactly as for strings */
-      status = status &&
-          fprintf(f, LUA_NUMBER_FMT, lua_tonumber(L, arg)) > 0;
+  size_t totalbytes = 0;  /* total number of bytes written */
+  errno = 0;
+  for (; nargs--; arg++) {  /* for each argument */
+    char buff[LUA_N2SBUFFSZ];
+    const char *s;
+    size_t numbytes;  /* bytes written in one call to 'fwrite' */
+    size_t len = lua_numbertocstring(L, arg, buff);  /* try as a number */
+    if (len > 0) {  /* did conversion work (value was a number)? */
+      s = buff;
+      len--;
     }
-    else {
-      size_t l;
-      const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);
-      status = status && (fwrite(s, sizeof(char), l, f) == l);
+    else  /* must be a string */
+      s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &len);
+    numbytes = fwrite(s, sizeof(char), len, f);
+    totalbytes += numbytes;
+    if (numbytes < len) {  /* write error? */
+      int n = luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, cast_st2S(totalbytes));
+      return n + 1;  /* return fail, error msg., error code, and counter */
     }
   }
-  if (status) return 1;  /* file handle already on stack top */
-  else return luaL_fileresult(L, status, NULL);
+  return 1;  /* no errors; file handle already on stack top */
 }
 
 
@@ -539,15 +704,16 @@ static int f_seek (lua_State *L) {
   static const char *const modenames[] = {"set", "cur", "end", NULL};
   FILE *f = tofile(L);
   int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "cur", modenames);
-  lua_Number p3 = luaL_optnumber(L, 3, 0);
+  lua_Integer p3 = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 0);
   l_seeknum offset = (l_seeknum)p3;
-  luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Number)offset == p3, 3,
+  luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Integer)offset == p3, 3,
                   "not an integer in proper range");
+  errno = 0;
   op = l_fseek(f, offset, mode[op]);
-  if (op)
+  if (l_unlikely(op))
     return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);  /* error */
   else {
-    lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)l_ftell(f));
+    lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)l_ftell(f));
     return 1;
   }
 }
@@ -559,19 +725,26 @@ static int f_setvbuf (lua_State *L) {
   FILE *f = tofile(L);
   int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, NULL, modenames);
   lua_Integer sz = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE);
-  int res = setvbuf(f, NULL, mode[op], sz);
+  int res;
+  errno = 0;
+  res = setvbuf(f, NULL, mode[op], (size_t)sz);
   return luaL_fileresult(L, res == 0, NULL);
 }
 
 
-
-static int io_flush (lua_State *L) {
-  return luaL_fileresult(L, fflush(getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT)) == 0, NULL);
+static int aux_flush (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+  errno = 0;
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, fflush(f) == 0, NULL);
 }
 
 
 static int f_flush (lua_State *L) {
-  return luaL_fileresult(L, fflush(tofile(L)) == 0, NULL);
+  return aux_flush(L, tofile(L));
+}
+
+
+static int io_flush (lua_State *L) {
+  return aux_flush(L, getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT));
 }
 
 
@@ -597,26 +770,37 @@ static const luaL_Reg iolib[] = {
 /*
 ** methods for file handles
 */
-static const luaL_Reg flib[] = {
-  {"close", io_close},
-  {"flush", f_flush},
-  {"lines", f_lines},
+static const luaL_Reg meth[] = {
   {"read", f_read},
-  {"seek", f_seek},
-  {"setvbuf", f_setvbuf},
   {"write", f_write},
+  {"lines", f_lines},
+  {"flush", f_flush},
+  {"seek", f_seek},
+  {"close", f_close},
+  {"setvbuf", f_setvbuf},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** metamethods for file handles
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg metameth[] = {
+  {"__index", NULL},  /* placeholder */
   {"__gc", f_gc},
+  {"__close", f_gc},
   {"__tostring", f_tostring},
   {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
 
 static void createmeta (lua_State *L) {
-  luaL_newmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE);  /* create metatable for file handles */
-  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* push metatable */
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index");  /* metatable.__index = metatable */
-  luaL_setfuncs(L, flib, 0);  /* add file methods to new metatable */
-  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop new metatable */
+  luaL_newmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE);  /* metatable for file handles */
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, metameth, 0);  /* add metamethods to new metatable */
+  luaL_newlibtable(L, meth);  /* create method table */
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, meth, 0);  /* add file methods to method table */
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index");  /* metatable.__index = method table */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop metatable */
 }
 
 
@@ -626,7 +810,7 @@ static void createmeta (lua_State *L) {
 static int io_noclose (lua_State *L) {
   LStream *p = tolstream(L);
   p->closef = &io_noclose;  /* keep file opened */
-  lua_pushnil(L);
+  luaL_pushfail(L);
   lua_pushliteral(L, "cannot close standard file");
   return 2;
 }

ljumptab.h

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ljumptab.h $
+** Jump Table for the Lua interpreter
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#undef vmdispatch
+#undef vmcase
+#undef vmbreak
+
+#define vmdispatch(x)     goto *disptab[x];
+
+#define vmcase(l)     L_##l:
+
+#define vmbreak		vmfetch(); vmdispatch(GET_OPCODE(i));
+
+
+static const void *const disptab[NUM_OPCODES] = {
+
+#if 0
+** you can update the following list with this command:
+**
+**  sed -n '/^OP_/!d; s/OP_/\&\&L_OP_/ ; s/,.*/,/ ; s/\/.*// ; p'  lopcodes.h
+**
+#endif
+
+&&L_OP_MOVE,
+&&L_OP_LOADI,
+&&L_OP_LOADF,
+&&L_OP_LOADK,
+&&L_OP_LOADKX,
+&&L_OP_LOADFALSE,
+&&L_OP_LFALSESKIP,
+&&L_OP_LOADTRUE,
+&&L_OP_LOADNIL,
+&&L_OP_GETUPVAL,
+&&L_OP_SETUPVAL,
+&&L_OP_GETTABUP,
+&&L_OP_GETTABLE,
+&&L_OP_GETI,
+&&L_OP_GETFIELD,
+&&L_OP_SETTABUP,
+&&L_OP_SETTABLE,
+&&L_OP_SETI,
+&&L_OP_SETFIELD,
+&&L_OP_NEWTABLE,
+&&L_OP_SELF,
+&&L_OP_ADDI,
+&&L_OP_ADDK,
+&&L_OP_SUBK,
+&&L_OP_MULK,
+&&L_OP_MODK,
+&&L_OP_POWK,
+&&L_OP_DIVK,
+&&L_OP_IDIVK,
+&&L_OP_BANDK,
+&&L_OP_BORK,
+&&L_OP_BXORK,
+&&L_OP_SHLI,
+&&L_OP_SHRI,
+&&L_OP_ADD,
+&&L_OP_SUB,
+&&L_OP_MUL,
+&&L_OP_MOD,
+&&L_OP_POW,
+&&L_OP_DIV,
+&&L_OP_IDIV,
+&&L_OP_BAND,
+&&L_OP_BOR,
+&&L_OP_BXOR,
+&&L_OP_SHL,
+&&L_OP_SHR,
+&&L_OP_MMBIN,
+&&L_OP_MMBINI,
+&&L_OP_MMBINK,
+&&L_OP_UNM,
+&&L_OP_BNOT,
+&&L_OP_NOT,
+&&L_OP_LEN,
+&&L_OP_CONCAT,
+&&L_OP_CLOSE,
+&&L_OP_TBC,
+&&L_OP_JMP,
+&&L_OP_EQ,
+&&L_OP_LT,
+&&L_OP_LE,
+&&L_OP_EQK,
+&&L_OP_EQI,
+&&L_OP_LTI,
+&&L_OP_LEI,
+&&L_OP_GTI,
+&&L_OP_GEI,
+&&L_OP_TEST,
+&&L_OP_TESTSET,
+&&L_OP_CALL,
+&&L_OP_TAILCALL,
+&&L_OP_RETURN,
+&&L_OP_RETURN0,
+&&L_OP_RETURN1,
+&&L_OP_FORLOOP,
+&&L_OP_FORPREP,
+&&L_OP_TFORPREP,
+&&L_OP_TFORCALL,
+&&L_OP_TFORLOOP,
+&&L_OP_SETLIST,
+&&L_OP_CLOSURE,
+&&L_OP_VARARG,
+&&L_OP_GETVARG,
+&&L_OP_ERRNNIL,
+&&L_OP_VARARGPREP,
+&&L_OP_EXTRAARG
+
+};

llex.c

@@ -1,20 +1,24 @@
 /*
-** $Id: llex.c,v 2.60 2012/01/20 18:35:36 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: llex.c $
 ** Lexical Analyzer
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
+#define llex_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
 
 #include <locale.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#define llex_c
-#define LUA_CORE
-
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "lctype.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
 #include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
 #include "llex.h"
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lparser.h"
@@ -25,9 +29,14 @@
 
 
 
-#define next(ls) (ls->current = zgetc(ls->z))
+#define next(ls)	(ls->current = zgetc(ls->z))
 
 
+/* minimum size for string buffer */
+#if !defined(LUA_MINBUFFER)
+#define LUA_MINBUFFER   32
+#endif
+
 
 #define currIsNewline(ls)	(ls->current == '\n' || ls->current == '\r')
 
@@ -35,11 +44,12 @@
 /* ORDER RESERVED */
 static const char *const luaX_tokens [] = {
     "and", "break", "do", "else", "elseif",
-    "end", "false", "for", "function", "goto", "if",
+    "end", "false", "for", "function", "global", "goto", "if",
     "in", "local", "nil", "not", "or", "repeat",
     "return", "then", "true", "until", "while",
-    "..", "...", "==", ">=", "<=", "~=", "::", "<eof>",
-    "<number>", "<name>", "<string>"
+    "//", "..", "...", "==", ">=", "<=", "~=",
+    "<<", ">>", "::", "<eof>",
+    "<number>", "<integer>", "<name>", "<string>"
 };
 
 
@@ -52,37 +62,40 @@ static l_noret lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token);
 static void save (LexState *ls, int c) {
   Mbuffer *b = ls->buff;
   if (luaZ_bufflen(b) + 1 > luaZ_sizebuffer(b)) {
-    size_t newsize;
-    if (luaZ_sizebuffer(b) >= MAX_SIZET/2)
+    size_t newsize = luaZ_sizebuffer(b);  /* get old size */;
+    if (newsize >= (MAX_SIZE/3 * 2))  /* larger than MAX_SIZE/1.5 ? */
       lexerror(ls, "lexical element too long", 0);
-    newsize = luaZ_sizebuffer(b) * 2;
+    newsize += (newsize >> 1);  /* new size is 1.5 times the old one */
     luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, b, newsize);
   }
-  b->buffer[luaZ_bufflen(b)++] = cast(char, c);
+  b->buffer[luaZ_bufflen(b)++] = cast_char(c);
 }
 
 
 void luaX_init (lua_State *L) {
   int i;
+  TString *e = luaS_newliteral(L, LUA_ENV);  /* create env name */
+  luaC_fix(L, obj2gco(e));  /* never collect this name */
   for (i=0; i<NUM_RESERVED; i++) {
     TString *ts = luaS_new(L, luaX_tokens[i]);
-    luaS_fix(ts);  /* reserved words are never collected */
-    ts->tsv.extra = cast_byte(i+1);  /* reserved word */
+    luaC_fix(L, obj2gco(ts));  /* reserved words are never collected */
+    ts->extra = cast_byte(i+1);  /* reserved word */
   }
 }
 
 
 const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token) {
-  if (token < FIRST_RESERVED) {
-    lua_assert(token == cast(unsigned char, token));
-    return (lisprint(token)) ? luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, LUA_QL("%c"), token) :
-                              luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "char(%d)", token);
+  if (token < FIRST_RESERVED) {  /* single-byte symbols? */
+    if (lisprint(token))
+      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "'%c'", token);
+    else  /* control character */
+      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "'<\\%d>'", token);
   }
   else {
     const char *s = luaX_tokens[token - FIRST_RESERVED];
-    if (token < TK_EOS)
-      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, LUA_QS, s);
-    else
+    if (token < TK_EOS)  /* fixed format (symbols and reserved words)? */
+      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "'%s'", s);
+    else  /* names, strings, and numerals */
       return s;
   }
 }
@@ -90,11 +103,10 @@ const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token) {
 
 static const char *txtToken (LexState *ls, int token) {
   switch (token) {
-    case TK_NAME:
-    case TK_STRING:
-    case TK_NUMBER:
+    case TK_NAME: case TK_STRING:
+    case TK_FLT: case TK_INT:
       save(ls, '\0');
-      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, LUA_QS, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff));
+      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "'%s'", luaZ_buffer(ls->buff));
     default:
       return luaX_token2str(ls, token);
   }
@@ -102,9 +114,7 @@ static const char *txtToken (LexState *ls, int token) {
 
 
 static l_noret lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token) {
-  char buff[LUA_IDSIZE];
-  luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(ls->source), LUA_IDSIZE);
-  msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, ls->linenumber, msg);
+  msg = luaG_addinfo(ls->L, msg, ls->source, ls->linenumber);
   if (token)
     luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s near %s", msg, txtToken(ls, token));
   luaD_throw(ls->L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
@@ -117,24 +127,34 @@ l_noret luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) {
 
 
 /*
-** creates a new string and anchors it in function's table so that
-** it will not be collected until the end of the function's compilation
-** (by that time it should be anchored in function's prototype)
+** Anchors a string in scanner's table so that it will not be collected
+** until the end of the compilation; by that time it should be anchored
+** somewhere. It also internalizes long strings, ensuring there is only
+** one copy of each unique string.
+*/
+static TString *anchorstr (LexState *ls, TString *ts) {
+  lua_State *L = ls->L;
+  TValue oldts;
+  int tag = luaH_getstr(ls->h, ts, &oldts);
+  if (!tagisempty(tag))  /* string already present? */
+    return tsvalue(&oldts);  /* use stored value */
+  else {  /* create a new entry */
+    TValue *stv = s2v(L->top.p++);  /* reserve stack space for string */
+    setsvalue(L, stv, ts);  /* push (anchor) the string on the stack */
+    luaH_set(L, ls->h, stv, stv);  /* t[string] = string */
+    /* table is not a metatable, so it does not need to invalidate cache */
+    luaC_checkGC(L);
+    L->top.p--;  /* remove string from stack */
+    return ts;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Creates a new string and anchors it in scanner's table.
 */
 TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l) {
-  lua_State *L = ls->L;
-  TValue *o;  /* entry for `str' */
-  TString *ts = luaS_newlstr(L, str, l);  /* create new string */
-  setsvalue2s(L, L->top++, ts);  /* temporarily anchor it in stack */
-  o = luaH_set(L, ls->fs->h, L->top - 1);
-  if (ttisnil(o)) {  /* not in use yet? (see 'addK') */
-    /* boolean value does not need GC barrier;
-       table has no metatable, so it does not need to invalidate cache */
-    setbvalue(o, 1);  /* t[string] = true */
-    luaC_checkGC(L);
-  }
-  L->top--;  /* remove string from stack */
-  return ts;
+  return anchorstr(ls, luaS_newlstr(ls->L, str, l));
 }
 
 
@@ -145,17 +165,17 @@ TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l) {
 static void inclinenumber (LexState *ls) {
   int old = ls->current;
   lua_assert(currIsNewline(ls));
-  next(ls);  /* skip `\n' or `\r' */
+  next(ls);  /* skip '\n' or '\r' */
   if (currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != old)
-    next(ls);  /* skip `\n\r' or `\r\n' */
-  if (++ls->linenumber >= MAX_INT)
-    luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "chunk has too many lines");
+    next(ls);  /* skip '\n\r' or '\r\n' */
+  if (++ls->linenumber >= INT_MAX)
+    lexerror(ls, "chunk has too many lines", 0);
 }
 
 
 void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z, TString *source,
                     int firstchar) {
-  ls->decpoint = '.';
+  ls->t.token = 0;
   ls->L = L;
   ls->current = firstchar;
   ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS;  /* no look-ahead token */
@@ -164,8 +184,15 @@ void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z, TString *source,
   ls->linenumber = 1;
   ls->lastline = 1;
   ls->source = source;
-  ls->envn = luaS_new(L, LUA_ENV);  /* create env name */
-  luaS_fix(ls->envn);  /* never collect this name */
+  /* all three strings here ("_ENV", "break", "global") were fixed,
+     so they cannot be collected */
+  ls->envn = luaS_newliteral(L, LUA_ENV);  /* get env string */
+  ls->brkn = luaS_newliteral(L, "break");  /* get "break" string */
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_GLOBAL)
+  /* compatibility mode: "global" is not a reserved word */
+  ls->glbn = luaS_newliteral(L, "global");  /* get "global" string */
+  ls->glbn->extra = 0;  /* mark it as not reserved */
+#endif
   luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, ls->buff, LUA_MINBUFFER);  /* initialize buffer */
 }
 
@@ -178,81 +205,82 @@ void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z, TString *source,
 */
 
 
-
-static int check_next (LexState *ls, const char *set) {
-  if (ls->current == '\0' || !strchr(set, ls->current))
-    return 0;
-  save_and_next(ls);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
-/*
-** change all characters 'from' in buffer to 'to'
-*/
-static void buffreplace (LexState *ls, char from, char to) {
-  size_t n = luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff);
-  char *p = luaZ_buffer(ls->buff);
-  while (n--)
-    if (p[n] == from) p[n] = to;
-}
-
-
-#if !defined(getlocaledecpoint)
-#define getlocaledecpoint()	(localeconv()->decimal_point[0])
-#endif
-
-
-#define buff2d(b,e)	luaO_str2d(luaZ_buffer(b), luaZ_bufflen(b) - 1, e)
-
-/*
-** in case of format error, try to change decimal point separator to
-** the one defined in the current locale and check again
-*/
-static void trydecpoint (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
-  char old = ls->decpoint;
-  ls->decpoint = getlocaledecpoint();
-  buffreplace(ls, old, ls->decpoint);  /* try new decimal separator */
-  if (!buff2d(ls->buff, &seminfo->r)) {
-    /* format error with correct decimal point: no more options */
-    buffreplace(ls, ls->decpoint, '.');  /* undo change (for error message) */
-    lexerror(ls, "malformed number", TK_NUMBER);
+static int check_next1 (LexState *ls, int c) {
+  if (ls->current == c) {
+    next(ls);
+    return 1;
   }
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether current char is in set 'set' (with two chars) and
+** saves it
+*/
+static int check_next2 (LexState *ls, const char *set) {
+  lua_assert(set[2] == '\0');
+  if (ls->current == set[0] || ls->current == set[1]) {
+    save_and_next(ls);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else return 0;
 }
 
 
 /* LUA_NUMBER */
 /*
-** this function is quite liberal in what it accepts, as 'luaO_str2d'
-** will reject ill-formed numerals.
+** This function is quite liberal in what it accepts, as 'luaO_str2num'
+** will reject ill-formed numerals. Roughly, it accepts the following
+** pattern:
+**
+**   %d(%x|%.|([Ee][+-]?))* | 0[Xx](%x|%.|([Pp][+-]?))*
+**
+** The only tricky part is to accept [+-] only after a valid exponent
+** mark, to avoid reading '3-4' or '0xe+1' as a single number.
+**
+** The caller might have already read an initial dot.
 */
-static void read_numeral (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+static int read_numeral (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+  TValue obj;
   const char *expo = "Ee";
   int first = ls->current;
   lua_assert(lisdigit(ls->current));
   save_and_next(ls);
-  if (first == '0' && check_next(ls, "Xx"))  /* hexadecimal? */
+  if (first == '0' && check_next2(ls, "xX"))  /* hexadecimal? */
     expo = "Pp";
   for (;;) {
-    if (check_next(ls, expo))  /* exponent part? */
-      check_next(ls, "+-");  /* optional exponent sign */
-    if (lisxdigit(ls->current) || ls->current == '.')
+    if (check_next2(ls, expo))  /* exponent mark? */
+      check_next2(ls, "-+");  /* optional exponent sign */
+    else if (lisxdigit(ls->current) || ls->current == '.')  /* '%x|%.' */
       save_and_next(ls);
-    else  break;
+    else break;
   }
+  if (lislalpha(ls->current))  /* is numeral touching a letter? */
+    save_and_next(ls);  /* force an error */
   save(ls, '\0');
-  buffreplace(ls, '.', ls->decpoint);  /* follow locale for decimal point */
-  if (!buff2d(ls->buff, &seminfo->r))  /* format error? */
-    trydecpoint(ls, seminfo); /* try to update decimal point separator */
+  if (luaO_str2num(luaZ_buffer(ls->buff), &obj) == 0)  /* format error? */
+    lexerror(ls, "malformed number", TK_FLT);
+  if (ttisinteger(&obj)) {
+    seminfo->i = ivalue(&obj);
+    return TK_INT;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_assert(ttisfloat(&obj));
+    seminfo->r = fltvalue(&obj);
+    return TK_FLT;
+  }
 }
 
 
 /*
-** skip a sequence '[=*[' or ']=*]' and return its number of '='s or
-** -1 if sequence is malformed
+** read a sequence '[=*[' or ']=*]', leaving the last bracket. If
+** sequence is well formed, return its number of '='s + 2; otherwise,
+** return 1 if it is a single bracket (no '='s and no 2nd bracket);
+** otherwise (an unfinished '[==...') return 0.
 */
-static int skip_sep (LexState *ls) {
-  int count = 0;
+static size_t skip_sep (LexState *ls) {
+  size_t count = 0;
   int s = ls->current;
   lua_assert(s == '[' || s == ']');
   save_and_next(ls);
@@ -260,23 +288,29 @@ static int skip_sep (LexState *ls) {
     save_and_next(ls);
     count++;
   }
-  return (ls->current == s) ? count : (-count) - 1;
+  return (ls->current == s) ? count + 2
+         : (count == 0) ? 1
+         : 0;
 }
 
 
-static void read_long_string (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo, int sep) {
-  save_and_next(ls);  /* skip 2nd `[' */
+static void read_long_string (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo, size_t sep) {
+  int line = ls->linenumber;  /* initial line (for error message) */
+  save_and_next(ls);  /* skip 2nd '[' */
   if (currIsNewline(ls))  /* string starts with a newline? */
     inclinenumber(ls);  /* skip it */
   for (;;) {
     switch (ls->current) {
-      case EOZ:
-        lexerror(ls, (seminfo) ? "unfinished long string" :
-                                 "unfinished long comment", TK_EOS);
+      case EOZ: {  /* error */
+        const char *what = (seminfo ? "string" : "comment");
+        const char *msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L,
+                     "unfinished long %s (starting at line %d)", what, line);
+        lexerror(ls, msg, TK_EOS);
         break;  /* to avoid warnings */
+      }
       case ']': {
         if (skip_sep(ls) == sep) {
-          save_and_next(ls);  /* skip 2nd `]' */
+          save_and_next(ls);  /* skip 2nd ']' */
           goto endloop;
         }
         break;
@@ -294,45 +328,75 @@ static void read_long_string (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo, int sep) {
     }
   } endloop:
   if (seminfo)
-    seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + (2 + sep),
-                                     luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2*(2 + sep));
+    seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + sep,
+                                     luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2 * sep);
 }
 
 
-static void escerror (LexState *ls, int *c, int n, const char *msg) {
-  int i;
-  luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);  /* prepare error message */
-  save(ls, '\\');
-  for (i = 0; i < n && c[i] != EOZ; i++)
-    save(ls, c[i]);
-  lexerror(ls, msg, TK_STRING);
+static void esccheck (LexState *ls, int c, const char *msg) {
+  if (!c) {
+    if (ls->current != EOZ)
+      save_and_next(ls);  /* add current to buffer for error message */
+    lexerror(ls, msg, TK_STRING);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int gethexa (LexState *ls) {
+  save_and_next(ls);
+  esccheck (ls, lisxdigit(ls->current), "hexadecimal digit expected");
+  return luaO_hexavalue(ls->current);
 }
 
 
 static int readhexaesc (LexState *ls) {
-  int c[3], i;  /* keep input for error message */
-  int r = 0;  /* result accumulator */
-  c[0] = 'x';  /* for error message */
-  for (i = 1; i < 3; i++) {  /* read two hexa digits */
-    c[i] = next(ls);
-    if (!lisxdigit(c[i]))
-      escerror(ls, c, i + 1, "hexadecimal digit expected");
-    r = (r << 4) + luaO_hexavalue(c[i]);
-  }
+  int r = gethexa(ls);
+  r = (r << 4) + gethexa(ls);
+  luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, 2);  /* remove saved chars from buffer */
   return r;
 }
 
 
+/*
+** When reading a UTF-8 escape sequence, save everything to the buffer
+** for error reporting in case of errors; 'i' counts the number of
+** saved characters, so that they can be removed if case of success.
+*/
+static l_uint32 readutf8esc (LexState *ls) {
+  l_uint32 r;
+  int i = 4;  /* number of chars to be removed: start with #"\u{X" */
+  save_and_next(ls);  /* skip 'u' */
+  esccheck(ls, ls->current == '{', "missing '{'");
+  r = cast_uint(gethexa(ls));  /* must have at least one digit */
+  while (cast_void(save_and_next(ls)), lisxdigit(ls->current)) {
+    i++;
+    esccheck(ls, r <= (0x7FFFFFFFu >> 4), "UTF-8 value too large");
+    r = (r << 4) + luaO_hexavalue(ls->current);
+  }
+  esccheck(ls, ls->current == '}', "missing '}'");
+  next(ls);  /* skip '}' */
+  luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, i);  /* remove saved chars from buffer */
+  return r;
+}
+
+
+static void utf8esc (LexState *ls) {
+  char buff[UTF8BUFFSZ];
+  int n = luaO_utf8esc(buff, readutf8esc(ls));
+  for (; n > 0; n--)  /* add 'buff' to string */
+    save(ls, buff[UTF8BUFFSZ - n]);
+}
+
+
 static int readdecesc (LexState *ls) {
-  int c[3], i;
+  int i;
   int r = 0;  /* result accumulator */
   for (i = 0; i < 3 && lisdigit(ls->current); i++) {  /* read up to 3 digits */
-    c[i] = ls->current;
-    r = 10*r + c[i] - '0';
-    next(ls);
+    r = 10*r + ls->current - '0';
+    save_and_next(ls);
   }
-  if (r > UCHAR_MAX)
-    escerror(ls, c, i, "decimal escape too large");
+  esccheck(ls, r <= UCHAR_MAX, "decimal escape too large");
+  luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, i);  /* remove read digits from buffer */
   return r;
 }
 
@@ -350,7 +414,7 @@ static void read_string (LexState *ls, int del, SemInfo *seminfo) {
         break;  /* to avoid warnings */
       case '\\': {  /* escape sequences */
         int c;  /* final character to be saved */
-        next(ls);  /* do not save the `\' */
+        save_and_next(ls);  /* keep '\\' for error messages */
         switch (ls->current) {
           case 'a': c = '\a'; goto read_save;
           case 'b': c = '\b'; goto read_save;
@@ -360,12 +424,14 @@ static void read_string (LexState *ls, int del, SemInfo *seminfo) {
           case 't': c = '\t'; goto read_save;
           case 'v': c = '\v'; goto read_save;
           case 'x': c = readhexaesc(ls); goto read_save;
+          case 'u': utf8esc(ls);  goto no_save;
           case '\n': case '\r':
             inclinenumber(ls); c = '\n'; goto only_save;
           case '\\': case '\"': case '\'':
             c = ls->current; goto read_save;
           case EOZ: goto no_save;  /* will raise an error next loop */
           case 'z': {  /* zap following span of spaces */
+            luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, 1);  /* remove '\\' */
             next(ls);  /* skip the 'z' */
             while (lisspace(ls->current)) {
               if (currIsNewline(ls)) inclinenumber(ls);
@@ -374,15 +440,18 @@ static void read_string (LexState *ls, int del, SemInfo *seminfo) {
             goto no_save;
           }
           default: {
-            if (!lisdigit(ls->current))
-              escerror(ls, &ls->current, 1, "invalid escape sequence");
-            /* digital escape \ddd */
-            c = readdecesc(ls);
+            esccheck(ls, lisdigit(ls->current), "invalid escape sequence");
+            c = readdecesc(ls);  /* digital escape '\ddd' */
             goto only_save;
           }
         }
-       read_save: next(ls);  /* read next character */
-       only_save: save(ls, c);  /* save 'c' */
+       read_save:
+         next(ls);
+         /* go through */
+       only_save:
+         luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, 1);  /* remove '\\' */
+         save(ls, c);
+         /* go through */
        no_save: break;
       }
       default:
@@ -413,9 +482,9 @@ static int llex (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
         /* else is a comment */
         next(ls);
         if (ls->current == '[') {  /* long comment? */
-          int sep = skip_sep(ls);
-          luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);  /* `skip_sep' may dirty the buffer */
-          if (sep >= 0) {
+          size_t sep = skip_sep(ls);
+          luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);  /* 'skip_sep' may dirty the buffer */
+          if (sep >= 2) {
             read_long_string(ls, NULL, sep);  /* skip long comment */
             luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);  /* previous call may dirty the buff. */
             break;
@@ -427,38 +496,46 @@ static int llex (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
         break;
       }
       case '[': {  /* long string or simply '[' */
-        int sep = skip_sep(ls);
-        if (sep >= 0) {
+        size_t sep = skip_sep(ls);
+        if (sep >= 2) {
           read_long_string(ls, seminfo, sep);
           return TK_STRING;
         }
-        else if (sep == -1) return '[';
-        else lexerror(ls, "invalid long string delimiter", TK_STRING);
+        else if (sep == 0)  /* '[=...' missing second bracket? */
+          lexerror(ls, "invalid long string delimiter", TK_STRING);
+        return '[';
       }
       case '=': {
         next(ls);
-        if (ls->current != '=') return '=';
-        else { next(ls); return TK_EQ; }
+        if (check_next1(ls, '=')) return TK_EQ;  /* '==' */
+        else return '=';
       }
       case '<': {
         next(ls);
-        if (ls->current != '=') return '<';
-        else { next(ls); return TK_LE; }
+        if (check_next1(ls, '=')) return TK_LE;  /* '<=' */
+        else if (check_next1(ls, '<')) return TK_SHL;  /* '<<' */
+        else return '<';
       }
       case '>': {
         next(ls);
-        if (ls->current != '=') return '>';
-        else { next(ls); return TK_GE; }
+        if (check_next1(ls, '=')) return TK_GE;  /* '>=' */
+        else if (check_next1(ls, '>')) return TK_SHR;  /* '>>' */
+        else return '>';
+      }
+      case '/': {
+        next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, '/')) return TK_IDIV;  /* '//' */
+        else return '/';
       }
       case '~': {
         next(ls);
-        if (ls->current != '=') return '~';
-        else { next(ls); return TK_NE; }
+        if (check_next1(ls, '=')) return TK_NE;  /* '~=' */
+        else return '~';
       }
       case ':': {
         next(ls);
-        if (ls->current != ':') return ':';
-        else { next(ls); return TK_DBCOLON; }
+        if (check_next1(ls, ':')) return TK_DBCOLON;  /* '::' */
+        else return ':';
       }
       case '"': case '\'': {  /* short literal strings */
         read_string(ls, ls->current, seminfo);
@@ -466,18 +543,17 @@ static int llex (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
       }
       case '.': {  /* '.', '..', '...', or number */
         save_and_next(ls);
-        if (check_next(ls, ".")) {
-          if (check_next(ls, "."))
+        if (check_next1(ls, '.')) {
+          if (check_next1(ls, '.'))
             return TK_DOTS;   /* '...' */
           else return TK_CONCAT;   /* '..' */
         }
         else if (!lisdigit(ls->current)) return '.';
-        /* else go through */
+        else return read_numeral(ls, seminfo);
       }
       case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
       case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': {
-        read_numeral(ls, seminfo);
-        return TK_NUMBER;
+        return read_numeral(ls, seminfo);
       }
       case EOZ: {
         return TK_EOS;
@@ -488,16 +564,17 @@ static int llex (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
           do {
             save_and_next(ls);
           } while (lislalnum(ls->current));
-          ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff),
-                                  luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff));
-          seminfo->ts = ts;
-          if (isreserved(ts))  /* reserved word? */
-            return ts->tsv.extra - 1 + FIRST_RESERVED;
+          /* find or create string */
+          ts = luaS_newlstr(ls->L, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff),
+                                   luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff));
+          if (isreserved(ts))   /* reserved word? */
+            return ts->extra - 1 + FIRST_RESERVED;
           else {
+            seminfo->ts = anchorstr(ls, ts);
             return TK_NAME;
           }
         }
-        else {  /* single-char tokens (+ - / ...) */
+        else {  /* single-char tokens ('+', '*', '%', '{', '}', ...) */
           int c = ls->current;
           next(ls);
           return c;

llex.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: llex.h,v 1.71 2011/06/20 16:52:48 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: llex.h $
 ** Lexical Analyzer
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -7,13 +7,23 @@
 #ifndef llex_h
 #define llex_h
 
+#include <limits.h>
+
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lzio.h"
 
 
-#define FIRST_RESERVED	257
+/*
+** Single-char tokens (terminal symbols) are represented by their own
+** numeric code. Other tokens start at the following value.
+*/
+#define FIRST_RESERVED	(UCHAR_MAX + 1)
 
 
+#if !defined(LUA_ENV)
+#define LUA_ENV		"_ENV"
+#endif
+
 
 /*
 * WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
@@ -23,19 +33,22 @@ enum RESERVED {
   /* terminal symbols denoted by reserved words */
   TK_AND = FIRST_RESERVED, TK_BREAK,
   TK_DO, TK_ELSE, TK_ELSEIF, TK_END, TK_FALSE, TK_FOR, TK_FUNCTION,
-  TK_GOTO, TK_IF, TK_IN, TK_LOCAL, TK_NIL, TK_NOT, TK_OR, TK_REPEAT,
-  TK_RETURN, TK_THEN, TK_TRUE, TK_UNTIL, TK_WHILE,
+  TK_GLOBAL, TK_GOTO, TK_IF, TK_IN, TK_LOCAL, TK_NIL, TK_NOT, TK_OR,
+  TK_REPEAT, TK_RETURN, TK_THEN, TK_TRUE, TK_UNTIL, TK_WHILE,
   /* other terminal symbols */
-  TK_CONCAT, TK_DOTS, TK_EQ, TK_GE, TK_LE, TK_NE, TK_DBCOLON, TK_EOS,
-  TK_NUMBER, TK_NAME, TK_STRING
+  TK_IDIV, TK_CONCAT, TK_DOTS, TK_EQ, TK_GE, TK_LE, TK_NE,
+  TK_SHL, TK_SHR,
+  TK_DBCOLON, TK_EOS,
+  TK_FLT, TK_INT, TK_NAME, TK_STRING
 };
 
 /* number of reserved words */
-#define NUM_RESERVED	(cast(int, TK_WHILE-FIRST_RESERVED+1))
+#define NUM_RESERVED	(cast_int(TK_WHILE-FIRST_RESERVED + 1))
 
 
 typedef union {
   lua_Number r;
+  lua_Integer i;
   TString *ts;
 } SemInfo;  /* semantics information */
 
@@ -46,22 +59,24 @@ typedef struct Token {
 } Token;
 
 
-/* state of the lexer plus state of the parser when shared by all
+/* state of the scanner plus state of the parser when shared by all
    functions */
 typedef struct LexState {
   int current;  /* current character (charint) */
   int linenumber;  /* input line counter */
-  int lastline;  /* line of last token `consumed' */
+  int lastline;  /* line of last token 'consumed' */
   Token t;  /* current token */
   Token lookahead;  /* look ahead token */
   struct FuncState *fs;  /* current function (parser) */
   struct lua_State *L;
   ZIO *z;  /* input stream */
   Mbuffer *buff;  /* buffer for tokens */
+  Table *h;  /* to avoid collection/reuse strings */
   struct Dyndata *dyd;  /* dynamic structures used by the parser */
   TString *source;  /* current source name */
   TString *envn;  /* environment variable name */
-  char decpoint;  /* locale decimal point */
+  TString *brkn;  /* "break" name (used as a label) */
+  TString *glbn;  /* "global" name (when not a reserved word) */
 } LexState;
 
 

llimits.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
-** $Id: llimits.h,v 1.98 2012/05/11 14:10:50 roberto Exp roberto $
-** Limits, basic types, and some other `installation-dependent' definitions
+** $Id: llimits.h $
+** Limits, basic types, and some other 'installation-dependent' definitions
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
@@ -15,295 +15,343 @@
 #include "lua.h"
 
 
-typedef unsigned LUA_INT32 lu_int32;
-
-typedef LUAI_UMEM lu_mem;
-
-typedef LUAI_MEM l_mem;
-
-
-
-/* chars used as small naturals (so that `char' is reserved for characters) */
-typedef unsigned char lu_byte;
-
-
-#define MAX_SIZET	((size_t)(~(size_t)0)-2)
-
-#define MAX_LUMEM	((lu_mem)(~(lu_mem)0)-2)
-
-#define MAX_LMEM	((l_mem) ((MAX_LUMEM >> 1) - 2))
-
-
-#define MAX_INT (INT_MAX-2)  /* maximum value of an int (-2 for safety) */
+#define l_numbits(t)	cast_int(sizeof(t) * CHAR_BIT)
 
 /*
-** conversion of pointer to integer
-** this is for hashing only; there is no problem if the integer
-** cannot hold the whole pointer value
+** 'l_mem' is a signed integer big enough to count the total memory
+** used by Lua.  (It is signed due to the use of debt in several
+** computations.) 'lu_mem' is a corresponding unsigned type.  Usually,
+** 'ptrdiff_t' should work, but we use 'long' for 16-bit machines.
 */
-#define IntPoint(p)  ((unsigned int)(lu_mem)(p))
+#if defined(LUAI_MEM)		/* { external definitions? */
+typedef LUAI_MEM l_mem;
+typedef LUAI_UMEM lu_mem;
+#elif LUAI_IS32INT	/* }{ */
+typedef ptrdiff_t l_mem;
+typedef size_t lu_mem;
+#else  /* 16-bit ints */	/* }{ */
+typedef long l_mem;
+typedef unsigned long lu_mem;
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#define MAX_LMEM  \
+	cast(l_mem, (cast(lu_mem, 1) << (l_numbits(l_mem) - 1)) - 1)
 
 
+/* chars used as small naturals (so that 'char' is reserved for characters) */
+typedef unsigned char lu_byte;
+typedef signed char ls_byte;
 
-/* type to ensure maximum alignment */
-#if !defined(LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T)
-#define LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T	union { double u; void *s; long l; }
+
+/* Type for thread status/error codes */
+typedef lu_byte TStatus;
+
+/* The C API still uses 'int' for status/error codes */
+#define APIstatus(st)	cast_int(st)
+
+/* maximum value for size_t */
+#define MAX_SIZET	((size_t)(~(size_t)0))
+
+/*
+** Maximum size for strings and userdata visible for Lua; should be
+** representable as a lua_Integer and as a size_t.
+*/
+#define MAX_SIZE	(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(lua_Integer) ? MAX_SIZET \
+			  : cast_sizet(LUA_MAXINTEGER))
+
+/*
+** test whether an unsigned value is a power of 2 (or zero)
+*/
+#define ispow2(x)	(((x) & ((x) - 1)) == 0)
+
+
+/* number of chars of a literal string without the ending \0 */
+#define LL(x)   (sizeof(x)/sizeof(char) - 1)
+
+
+/*
+** conversion of pointer to unsigned integer: this is for hashing only;
+** there is no problem if the integer cannot hold the whole pointer
+** value. (In strict ISO C this may cause undefined behavior, but no
+** actual machine seems to bother.)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89) && defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && \
+    __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
+#include <stdint.h>
+#if defined(UINTPTR_MAX)  /* even in C99 this type is optional */
+#define L_P2I	uintptr_t
+#else  /* no 'intptr'? */
+#define L_P2I	uintmax_t  /* use the largest available integer */
+#endif
+#else  /* C89 option */
+#define L_P2I	size_t
 #endif
 
-typedef LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T L_Umaxalign;
+#define point2uint(p)	cast_uint((L_P2I)(p) & UINT_MAX)
 
 
-/* result of a `usual argument conversion' over lua_Number */
+
+/* types of 'usual argument conversions' for lua_Number and lua_Integer */
 typedef LUAI_UACNUMBER l_uacNumber;
+typedef LUAI_UACINT l_uacInt;
 
 
-/* internal assertions for in-house debugging */
+/*
+** Internal assertions for in-house debugging
+*/
+#if defined LUAI_ASSERT
+#undef NDEBUG
+#include <assert.h>
+#define lua_assert(c)           assert(c)
+#define assert_code(c)		c
+#endif
+
 #if defined(lua_assert)
-#define check_exp(c,e)		(lua_assert(c), (e))
-/* to avoid problems with conditions too long */
-#define lua_longassert(c)	{ if (!(c)) lua_assert(0); }
 #else
 #define lua_assert(c)		((void)0)
-#define check_exp(c,e)		(e)
-#define lua_longassert(c)	((void)0)
+#define assert_code(c)		((void)0)
+#endif
+
+#define check_exp(c,e)		(lua_assert(c), (e))
+/* to avoid problems with conditions too long */
+#define lua_longassert(c)	assert_code((c) ? (void)0 : lua_assert(0))
+
+
+/* macro to avoid warnings about unused variables */
+#if !defined(UNUSED)
+#define UNUSED(x)	((void)(x))
+#endif
+
+
+/* type casts (a macro highlights casts in the code) */
+#define cast(t, exp)	((t)(exp))
+
+#define cast_void(i)	cast(void, (i))
+#define cast_voidp(i)	cast(void *, (i))
+#define cast_num(i)	cast(lua_Number, (i))
+#define cast_int(i)	cast(int, (i))
+#define cast_short(i)	cast(short, (i))
+#define cast_uint(i)	cast(unsigned int, (i))
+#define cast_byte(i)	cast(lu_byte, (i))
+#define cast_uchar(i)	cast(unsigned char, (i))
+#define cast_char(i)	cast(char, (i))
+#define cast_charp(i)	cast(char *, (i))
+#define cast_sizet(i)	cast(size_t, (i))
+#define cast_Integer(i)	cast(lua_Integer, (i))
+#define cast_Inst(i)	cast(Instruction, (i))
+
+
+/* cast a signed lua_Integer to lua_Unsigned */
+#if !defined(l_castS2U)
+#define l_castS2U(i)	((lua_Unsigned)(i))
 #endif
 
 /*
-** assertion for checking API calls
+** cast a lua_Unsigned to a signed lua_Integer; this cast is
+** not strict ISO C, but two-complement architectures should
+** work fine.
 */
-#if !defined(luai_apicheck)
+#if !defined(l_castU2S)
+#define l_castU2S(i)	((lua_Integer)(i))
+#endif
 
-#if defined(LUA_USE_APICHECK)
-#include <assert.h>
-#define luai_apicheck(L,e)	assert(e)
+/*
+** cast a size_t to lua_Integer: These casts are always valid for
+** sizes of Lua objects (see MAX_SIZE)
+*/
+#define cast_st2S(sz)	((lua_Integer)(sz))
+
+/* Cast a ptrdiff_t to size_t, when it is known that the minuend
+** comes from the subtrahend (the base)
+*/
+#define ct_diff2sz(df)	((size_t)(df))
+
+/* ptrdiff_t to lua_Integer */
+#define ct_diff2S(df)	cast_st2S(ct_diff2sz(df))
+
+/*
+** Special type equivalent to '(void*)' for functions (to suppress some
+** warnings when converting function pointers)
+*/
+typedef void (*voidf)(void);
+
+/*
+** Macro to convert pointer-to-void* to pointer-to-function. This cast
+** is undefined according to ISO C, but POSIX assumes that it works.
+** (The '__extension__' in gnu compilers is only to avoid warnings.)
+*/
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define cast_func(p) (__extension__ (voidf)(p))
 #else
-#define luai_apicheck(L,e)	lua_assert(e)
+#define cast_func(p) ((voidf)(p))
 #endif
 
-#endif
-
-#define api_check(l,e,msg)	luai_apicheck(l,(e) && msg)
-
-
-#if !defined(UNUSED)
-#define UNUSED(x)	((void)(x))	/* to avoid warnings */
-#endif
-
-
-#define cast(t, exp)	((t)(exp))
-
-#define cast_byte(i)	cast(lu_byte, (i))
-#define cast_num(i)	cast(lua_Number, (i))
-#define cast_int(i)	cast(int, (i))
-#define cast_uchar(i)	cast(unsigned char, (i))
 
 
 /*
 ** non-return type
 */
+#if !defined(l_noret)
+
 #if defined(__GNUC__)
 #define l_noret		void __attribute__((noreturn))
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1200
 #define l_noret		void __declspec(noreturn)
 #else
 #define l_noret		void
 #endif
 
-
-
-/*
-** maximum depth for nested C calls and syntactical nested non-terminals
-** in a program. (Value must fit in an unsigned short int.)
-*/
-#if !defined(LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
-#define LUAI_MAXCCALLS		200
-#endif
-
-/*
-** maximum number of upvalues in a closure (both C and Lua). (Value
-** must fit in an unsigned char.)
-*/
-#define MAXUPVAL	UCHAR_MAX
-
-
-/*
-** type for virtual-machine instructions
-** must be an unsigned with (at least) 4 bytes (see details in lopcodes.h)
-*/
-typedef lu_int32 Instruction;
-
-
-
-/* maximum stack for a Lua function */
-#define MAXSTACK	250
-
-
-
-/* minimum size for the string table (must be power of 2) */
-#if !defined(MINSTRTABSIZE)
-#define MINSTRTABSIZE	32
-#endif
-
-
-/* minimum size for string buffer */
-#if !defined(LUA_MINBUFFER)
-#define LUA_MINBUFFER	32
-#endif
-
-
-#if !defined(lua_lock)
-#define lua_lock(L)     ((void) 0)
-#define lua_unlock(L)   ((void) 0)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(luai_threadyield)
-#define luai_threadyield(L)     {lua_unlock(L); lua_lock(L);}
 #endif
 
 
 /*
-** these macros allow user-specific actions on threads when you defined
-** LUAI_EXTRASPACE and need to do something extra when a thread is
-** created/deleted/resumed/yielded.
+** Inline functions
 */
-#if !defined(luai_userstateopen)
-#define luai_userstateopen(L)		((void)L)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(luai_userstateclose)
-#define luai_userstateclose(L)		((void)L)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(luai_userstatethread)
-#define luai_userstatethread(L,L1)	((void)L)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(luai_userstatefree)
-#define luai_userstatefree(L,L1)	((void)L)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(luai_userstateresume)
-#define luai_userstateresume(L,n)       ((void)L)
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(luai_userstateyield)
-#define luai_userstateyield(L,n)        ((void)L)
-#endif
-
-/*
-** lua_number2int is a macro to convert lua_Number to int.
-** lua_number2integer is a macro to convert lua_Number to lua_Integer.
-** lua_number2unsigned is a macro to convert a lua_Number to a lua_Unsigned.
-** lua_unsigned2number is a macro to convert a lua_Unsigned to a lua_Number.
-** luai_hashnum is a macro to hash a lua_Number value into an integer.
-** The hash must be deterministic and give reasonable values for
-** both small and large values (outside the range of integers).
-*/
-
-#if defined(MS_ASMTRICK)	/* { */
-/* trick with Microsoft assembler for X86 */
-
-#define lua_number2int(i,n)  __asm {__asm fld n   __asm fistp i}
-#define lua_number2integer(i,n)		lua_number2int(i, n)
-#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n)  \
-  {__int64 l; __asm {__asm fld n   __asm fistp l} i = (unsigned int)l;}
-
-
-#elif defined(LUA_IEEE754TRICK)		/* }{ */
-/* the next trick should work on any machine using IEEE754 with
-   a 32-bit int type */
-
-union luai_Cast { double l_d; LUA_INT32 l_p[2]; };
-
-#if !defined(LUA_IEEEENDIAN)	/* { */
-#define LUAI_EXTRAIEEE	\
-  static const union luai_Cast ieeeendian = {-(33.0 + 6755399441055744.0)};
-#define LUA_IEEEENDIANLOC	(ieeeendian.l_p[1] == 33)
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+#define l_inline	inline
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#define l_inline	__inline__
 #else
-#define LUA_IEEEENDIANLOC	LUA_IEEEENDIAN
-#define LUAI_EXTRAIEEE		/* empty */
-#endif				/* } */
-
-#define lua_number2int32(i,n,t) \
-  { LUAI_EXTRAIEEE \
-    volatile union luai_Cast u; u.l_d = (n) + 6755399441055744.0; \
-    (i) = (t)u.l_p[LUA_IEEEENDIANLOC]; }
-
-#define luai_hashnum(i,n)  \
-  { volatile union luai_Cast u; u.l_d = (n) + 1.0;  /* avoid -0 */ \
-    (i) = u.l_p[0]; (i) += u.l_p[1]; }  /* add double bits for his hash */
-
-#define lua_number2int(i,n)		lua_number2int32(i, n, int)
-#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n)	lua_number2int32(i, n, lua_Unsigned)
-
-/* the trick can be expanded to lua_Integer when it is a 32-bit value */
-#if defined(LUA_IEEELL)
-#define lua_number2integer(i,n)		lua_number2int32(i, n, lua_Integer)
+#define l_inline	/* empty */
 #endif
 
-#endif				/* } */
+#define l_sinline	static l_inline
 
 
-/* the following definitions always work, but may be slow */
-
-#if !defined(lua_number2int)
-#define lua_number2int(i,n)	((i)=(int)(n))
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(lua_number2integer)
-#define lua_number2integer(i,n)	((i)=(lua_Integer)(n))
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(lua_number2unsigned)	/* { */
-/* the following definition assures proper modulo behavior */
-#if defined(LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE)
-#include <math.h>
-#define SUPUNSIGNED	((lua_Number)(~(lua_Unsigned)0) + 1)
-#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n)  \
-	((i)=(lua_Unsigned)((n) - floor((n)/SUPUNSIGNED)*SUPUNSIGNED))
+/*
+** An unsigned with (at least) 4 bytes
+*/
+#if LUAI_IS32INT
+typedef unsigned int l_uint32;
 #else
-#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n)	((i)=(lua_Unsigned)(n))
-#endif
-#endif				/* } */
-
-
-#if !defined(lua_unsigned2number)
-/* on several machines, coercion from unsigned to double is slow,
-   so it may be worth to avoid */
-#define lua_unsigned2number(u)  \
-    (((u) <= (lua_Unsigned)INT_MAX) ? (lua_Number)(int)(u) : (lua_Number)(u))
+typedef unsigned long l_uint32;
 #endif
 
 
+/*
+** The luai_num* macros define the primitive operations over numbers.
+*/
 
-#if defined(ltable_c) && !defined(luai_hashnum)
+/* floor division (defined as 'floor(a/b)') */
+#if !defined(luai_numidiv)
+#define luai_numidiv(L,a,b)     ((void)L, l_floor(luai_numdiv(L,a,b)))
+#endif
 
-#include <float.h>
-#include <math.h>
+/* float division */
+#if !defined(luai_numdiv)
+#define luai_numdiv(L,a,b)      ((a)/(b))
+#endif
 
-#define luai_hashnum(i,n) { int e;  \
-  n = frexp(n, &e) * (lua_Number)(INT_MAX - DBL_MAX_EXP);  \
-  lua_number2int(i, n); i += e; }
+/*
+** modulo: defined as 'a - floor(a/b)*b'; the direct computation
+** using this definition has several problems with rounding errors,
+** so it is better to use 'fmod'. 'fmod' gives the result of
+** 'a - trunc(a/b)*b', and therefore must be corrected when
+** 'trunc(a/b) ~= floor(a/b)'. That happens when the division has a
+** non-integer negative result: non-integer result is equivalent to
+** a non-zero remainder 'm'; negative result is equivalent to 'a' and
+** 'b' with different signs, or 'm' and 'b' with different signs
+** (as the result 'm' of 'fmod' has the same sign of 'a').
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_nummod)
+#define luai_nummod(L,a,b,m)  \
+  { (void)L; (m) = l_mathop(fmod)(a,b); \
+    if (((m) > 0) ? (b) < 0 : ((m) < 0 && (b) > 0)) (m) += (b); }
+#endif
 
+/* exponentiation */
+#if !defined(luai_numpow)
+#define luai_numpow(L,a,b)  \
+  ((void)L, (b == 2) ? (a)*(a) : l_mathop(pow)(a,b))
+#endif
+
+/* the others are quite standard operations */
+#if !defined(luai_numadd)
+#define luai_numadd(L,a,b)      ((a)+(b))
+#define luai_numsub(L,a,b)      ((a)-(b))
+#define luai_nummul(L,a,b)      ((a)*(b))
+#define luai_numunm(L,a)        (-(a))
+#define luai_numeq(a,b)         ((a)==(b))
+#define luai_numlt(a,b)         ((a)<(b))
+#define luai_numle(a,b)         ((a)<=(b))
+#define luai_numgt(a,b)         ((a)>(b))
+#define luai_numge(a,b)         ((a)>=(b))
+#define luai_numisnan(a)        (!luai_numeq((a), (a)))
 #endif
 
 
 
 /*
-** macro to control inclusion of some hard tests on stack reallocation
+** lua_numbertointeger converts a float number with an integral value
+** to an integer, or returns 0 if the float is not within the range of
+** a lua_Integer.  (The range comparisons are tricky because of
+** rounding. The tests here assume a two-complement representation,
+** where MININTEGER always has an exact representation as a float;
+** MAXINTEGER may not have one, and therefore its conversion to float
+** may have an ill-defined value.)
 */
-#if !defined(HARDSTACKTESTS)
-#define condmovestack(L)	((void)0)
+#define lua_numbertointeger(n,p) \
+  ((n) >= (LUA_NUMBER)(LUA_MININTEGER) && \
+   (n) < -(LUA_NUMBER)(LUA_MININTEGER) && \
+      (*(p) = (LUA_INTEGER)(n), 1))
+
+
+
+/*
+** LUAI_FUNC is a mark for all extern functions that are not to be
+** exported to outside modules.
+** LUAI_DDEF and LUAI_DDEC are marks for all extern (const) variables,
+** none of which to be exported to outside modules (LUAI_DDEF for
+** definitions and LUAI_DDEC for declarations).
+** Elf and MACH/gcc (versions 3.2 and later) mark them as "hidden" to
+** optimize access when Lua is compiled as a shared library. Not all elf
+** targets support this attribute. Unfortunately, gcc does not offer
+** a way to check whether the target offers that support, and those
+** without support give a warning about it. To avoid these warnings,
+** change to the default definition.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_FUNC)
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__*100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 302) && \
+    (defined(__ELF__) || defined(__MACH__))
+#define LUAI_FUNC	__attribute__((visibility("internal"))) extern
 #else
-/* realloc stack keeping its size */
-#define condmovestack(L)	luaD_reallocstack((L), (L)->stacksize)
+#define LUAI_FUNC	extern
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(HARDMEMTESTS)
-#define condchangemem(L)	condmovestack(L)
-#else
-#define condchangemem(L)  \
-	((void)(!(G(L)->gcrunning) || (luaC_fullgc(L, 0), 1)))
-#endif
+#define LUAI_DDEC(dec)	LUAI_FUNC dec
+#define LUAI_DDEF	/* empty */
 
 #endif
+
+
+/* Give these macros simpler names for internal use */
+#define l_likely(x)	luai_likely(x)
+#define l_unlikely(x)	luai_unlikely(x)
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** "Abstraction Layer" for basic report of messages and errors
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/* print a string */
+#if !defined(lua_writestring)
+#define lua_writestring(s,l)   fwrite((s), sizeof(char), (l), stdout)
+#endif
+
+/* print a newline and flush the output */
+#if !defined(lua_writeline)
+#define lua_writeline()        (lua_writestring("\n", 1), fflush(stdout))
+#endif
+
+/* print an error message */
+#if !defined(lua_writestringerror)
+#define lua_writestringerror(s,p) \
+        (fprintf(stderr, (s), (p)), fflush(stderr))
+#endif
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+#endif
+

lmathlib.c

@@ -1,270 +1,747 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lmathlib.c,v 1.80 2011/07/05 12:49:35 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lmathlib.c $
 ** Standard mathematical library
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <math.h>
-
 #define lmathlib_c
 #define LUA_LIB
 
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <float.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
-
-
-/* macro 'l_tg' allows the addition of an 'l' or 'f' to all math operations */
-#if !defined(l_tg)
-#define l_tg(x)		(x)
-#endif
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 #undef PI
-#define PI (l_tg(3.1415926535897932384626433832795))
-#define RADIANS_PER_DEGREE (PI/180.0)
-
+#define PI	(l_mathop(3.141592653589793238462643383279502884))
 
 
 static int math_abs (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(fabs)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  if (lua_isinteger(L, 1)) {
+    lua_Integer n = lua_tointeger(L, 1);
+    if (n < 0) n = (lua_Integer)(0u - (lua_Unsigned)n);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+  }
+  else
+    lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(fabs)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_sin (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(sin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(sin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
-static int math_sinh (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(sinh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
-  return 1;
-}
 
 static int math_cos (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(cos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(cos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
-static int math_cosh (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(cosh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
-  return 1;
-}
 
 static int math_tan (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(tan)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(tan)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
-static int math_tanh (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(tanh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
-  return 1;
-}
 
 static int math_asin (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(asin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(asin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_acos (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(acos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(acos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_atan (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(atan)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  lua_Number y = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  lua_Number x = luaL_optnumber(L, 2, 1);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(atan2)(y, x));
   return 1;
 }
 
-static int math_atan2 (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(atan2)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1),
-                                luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+
+static int math_toint (lua_State *L) {
+  int valid;
+  lua_Integer n = lua_tointegerx(L, 1, &valid);
+  if (l_likely(valid))
+    lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+  else {
+    luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* value is not convertible to integer */
+  }
   return 1;
 }
 
-static int math_ceil (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(ceil)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
-  return 1;
+
+static void pushnumint (lua_State *L, lua_Number d) {
+  lua_Integer n;
+  if (lua_numbertointeger(d, &n))  /* does 'd' fit in an integer? */
+    lua_pushinteger(L, n);  /* result is integer */
+  else
+    lua_pushnumber(L, d);  /* result is float */
 }
 
+
 static int math_floor (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(floor)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  if (lua_isinteger(L, 1))
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* integer is its own floor */
+  else {
+    lua_Number d = l_mathop(floor)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1));
+    pushnumint(L, d);
+  }
   return 1;
 }
 
+
+static int math_ceil (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isinteger(L, 1))
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* integer is its own ceiling */
+  else {
+    lua_Number d = l_mathop(ceil)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1));
+    pushnumint(L, d);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
 static int math_fmod (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(fmod)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1),
-                               luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+  if (lua_isinteger(L, 1) && lua_isinteger(L, 2)) {
+    lua_Integer d = lua_tointeger(L, 2);
+    if ((lua_Unsigned)d + 1u <= 1u) {  /* special cases: -1 or 0 */
+      luaL_argcheck(L, d != 0, 2, "zero");
+      lua_pushinteger(L, 0);  /* avoid overflow with 0x80000... / -1 */
+    }
+    else
+      lua_pushinteger(L, lua_tointeger(L, 1) % d);
+  }
+  else
+    lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(fmod)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1),
+                                     luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
+/*
+** next function does not use 'modf', avoiding problems with 'double*'
+** (which is not compatible with 'float*') when lua_Number is not
+** 'double'.
+*/
 static int math_modf (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_Number ip;
-  lua_Number fp = l_tg(modf)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &ip);
-  lua_pushnumber(L, ip);
-  lua_pushnumber(L, fp);
+  if (lua_isinteger(L ,1)) {
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* number is its own integer part */
+    lua_pushnumber(L, 0);  /* no fractional part */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Number n = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+    /* integer part (rounds toward zero) */
+    lua_Number ip = (n < 0) ? l_mathop(ceil)(n) : l_mathop(floor)(n);
+    pushnumint(L, ip);
+    /* fractional part (test needed for inf/-inf) */
+    lua_pushnumber(L, (n == ip) ? l_mathop(0.0) : (n - ip));
+  }
   return 2;
 }
 
+
 static int math_sqrt (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(sqrt)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(sqrt)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
-static int math_pow (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(pow)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1),
-                              luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+
+static int math_ult (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer a = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+  lua_Integer b = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  lua_pushboolean(L, (lua_Unsigned)a < (lua_Unsigned)b);
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_log (lua_State *L) {
   lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
   lua_Number res;
   if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 2))
-    res = l_tg(log)(x);
+    res = l_mathop(log)(x);
   else {
     lua_Number base = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
-    if (base == 10.0) res = l_tg(log10)(x);
-    else res = l_tg(log)(x)/l_tg(log)(base);
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+    if (base == l_mathop(2.0))
+      res = l_mathop(log2)(x);
+    else
+#endif
+    if (base == l_mathop(10.0))
+      res = l_mathop(log10)(x);
+    else
+      res = l_mathop(log)(x)/l_mathop(log)(base);
   }
   lua_pushnumber(L, res);
   return 1;
 }
 
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOG10)
-static int math_log10 (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(log10)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
-  return 1;
-}
-#endif
 
 static int math_exp (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(exp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(exp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_deg (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1)/RADIANS_PER_DEGREE);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1) * (l_mathop(180.0) / PI));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_rad (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1)*RADIANS_PER_DEGREE);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1) * (PI / l_mathop(180.0)));
   return 1;
 }
 
+
 static int math_frexp (lua_State *L) {
-  int e;
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(frexp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &e));
-  lua_pushinteger(L, e);
+  lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  int ep;
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(frexp)(x, &ep));
+  lua_pushinteger(L, ep);
   return 2;
 }
 
+
 static int math_ldexp (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(ldexp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1),
-                                luaL_checkint(L, 2)));
+  lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  int ep = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(ldexp)(x, ep));
   return 1;
 }
 
 
-
 static int math_min (lua_State *L) {
   int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
-  lua_Number dmin = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  int imin = 1;  /* index of current minimum value */
   int i;
-  for (i=2; i<=n; i++) {
-    lua_Number d = luaL_checknumber(L, i);
-    if (d < dmin)
-      dmin = d;
+  luaL_argcheck(L, n >= 1, 1, "value expected");
+  for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
+    if (lua_compare(L, i, imin, LUA_OPLT))
+      imin = i;
   }
-  lua_pushnumber(L, dmin);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, imin);
   return 1;
 }
 
 
 static int math_max (lua_State *L) {
   int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
-  lua_Number dmax = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  int imax = 1;  /* index of current maximum value */
   int i;
-  for (i=2; i<=n; i++) {
-    lua_Number d = luaL_checknumber(L, i);
-    if (d > dmax)
-      dmax = d;
+  luaL_argcheck(L, n >= 1, 1, "value expected");
+  for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
+    if (lua_compare(L, imax, i, LUA_OPLT))
+      imax = i;
   }
-  lua_pushnumber(L, dmax);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, imax);
   return 1;
 }
 
 
+static int math_type (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+    lua_pushstring(L, (lua_isinteger(L, 1)) ? "integer" : "float");
+  else {
+    luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Pseudo-Random Number Generator based on 'xoshiro256**'.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** This code uses lots of shifts. ISO C does not allow shifts greater
+** than or equal to the width of the type being shifted, so some shifts
+** are written in convoluted ways to match that restriction. For
+** preprocessor tests, it assumes a width of 32 bits, so the maximum
+** shift there is 31 bits.
+*/
+
+
+/* number of binary digits in the mantissa of a float */
+#define FIGS	l_floatatt(MANT_DIG)
+
+#if FIGS > 64
+/* there are only 64 random bits; use them all */
+#undef FIGS
+#define FIGS	64
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** LUA_RAND32 forces the use of 32-bit integers in the implementation
+** of the PRN generator (mainly for testing).
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_RAND32) && !defined(Rand64)
+
+/* try to find an integer type with at least 64 bits */
+
+#if ((ULONG_MAX >> 31) >> 31) >= 3
+
+/* 'long' has at least 64 bits */
+#define Rand64		unsigned long
+#define SRand64		long
+
+#elif !defined(LUA_USE_C89) && defined(LLONG_MAX)
+
+/* there is a 'long long' type (which must have at least 64 bits) */
+#define Rand64		unsigned long long
+#define SRand64		long long
+
+#elif ((LUA_MAXUNSIGNED >> 31) >> 31) >= 3
+
+/* 'lua_Unsigned' has at least 64 bits */
+#define Rand64		lua_Unsigned
+#define SRand64		lua_Integer
+
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(Rand64)  /* { */
+
+/*
+** Standard implementation, using 64-bit integers.
+** If 'Rand64' has more than 64 bits, the extra bits do not interfere
+** with the 64 initial bits, except in a right shift. Moreover, the
+** final result has to discard the extra bits.
+*/
+
+/* avoid using extra bits when needed */
+#define trim64(x)	((x) & 0xffffffffffffffffu)
+
+
+/* rotate left 'x' by 'n' bits */
+static Rand64 rotl (Rand64 x, int n) {
+  return (x << n) | (trim64(x) >> (64 - n));
+}
+
+static Rand64 nextrand (Rand64 *state) {
+  Rand64 state0 = state[0];
+  Rand64 state1 = state[1];
+  Rand64 state2 = state[2] ^ state0;
+  Rand64 state3 = state[3] ^ state1;
+  Rand64 res = rotl(state1 * 5, 7) * 9;
+  state[0] = state0 ^ state3;
+  state[1] = state1 ^ state2;
+  state[2] = state2 ^ (state1 << 17);
+  state[3] = rotl(state3, 45);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert bits from a random integer into a float in the
+** interval [0,1), getting the higher FIG bits from the
+** random unsigned integer and converting that to a float.
+** Some old Microsoft compilers cannot cast an unsigned long
+** to a floating-point number, so we use a signed long as an
+** intermediary. When lua_Number is float or double, the shift ensures
+** that 'sx' is non negative; in that case, a good compiler will remove
+** the correction.
+*/
+
+/* must throw out the extra (64 - FIGS) bits */
+#define shift64_FIG	(64 - FIGS)
+
+/* 2^(-FIGS) == 2^-1 / 2^(FIGS-1) */
+#define scaleFIG	(l_mathop(0.5) / ((Rand64)1 << (FIGS - 1)))
+
+static lua_Number I2d (Rand64 x) {
+  SRand64 sx = (SRand64)(trim64(x) >> shift64_FIG);
+  lua_Number res = (lua_Number)(sx) * scaleFIG;
+  if (sx < 0)
+    res += l_mathop(1.0);  /* correct the two's complement if negative */
+  lua_assert(0 <= res && res < 1);
+  return res;
+}
+
+/* convert a 'Rand64' to a 'lua_Unsigned' */
+#define I2UInt(x)	((lua_Unsigned)trim64(x))
+
+/* convert a 'lua_Unsigned' to a 'Rand64' */
+#define Int2I(x)	((Rand64)(x))
+
+
+#else	/* no 'Rand64'   }{ */
+
+/*
+** Use two 32-bit integers to represent a 64-bit quantity.
+*/
+typedef struct Rand64 {
+  l_uint32 h;  /* higher half */
+  l_uint32 l;  /* lower half */
+} Rand64;
+
+
+/*
+** If 'l_uint32' has more than 32 bits, the extra bits do not interfere
+** with the 32 initial bits, except in a right shift and comparisons.
+** Moreover, the final result has to discard the extra bits.
+*/
+
+/* avoid using extra bits when needed */
+#define trim32(x)	((x) & 0xffffffffu)
+
+
+/*
+** basic operations on 'Rand64' values
+*/
+
+/* build a new Rand64 value */
+static Rand64 packI (l_uint32 h, l_uint32 l) {
+  Rand64 result;
+  result.h = h;
+  result.l = l;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* return i << n */
+static Rand64 Ishl (Rand64 i, int n) {
+  lua_assert(n > 0 && n < 32);
+  return packI((i.h << n) | (trim32(i.l) >> (32 - n)), i.l << n);
+}
+
+/* i1 ^= i2 */
+static void Ixor (Rand64 *i1, Rand64 i2) {
+  i1->h ^= i2.h;
+  i1->l ^= i2.l;
+}
+
+/* return i1 + i2 */
+static Rand64 Iadd (Rand64 i1, Rand64 i2) {
+  Rand64 result = packI(i1.h + i2.h, i1.l + i2.l);
+  if (trim32(result.l) < trim32(i1.l))  /* carry? */
+    result.h++;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* return i * 5 */
+static Rand64 times5 (Rand64 i) {
+  return Iadd(Ishl(i, 2), i);  /* i * 5 == (i << 2) + i */
+}
+
+/* return i * 9 */
+static Rand64 times9 (Rand64 i) {
+  return Iadd(Ishl(i, 3), i);  /* i * 9 == (i << 3) + i */
+}
+
+/* return 'i' rotated left 'n' bits */
+static Rand64 rotl (Rand64 i, int n) {
+  lua_assert(n > 0 && n < 32);
+  return packI((i.h << n) | (trim32(i.l) >> (32 - n)),
+               (trim32(i.h) >> (32 - n)) | (i.l << n));
+}
+
+/* for offsets larger than 32, rotate right by 64 - offset */
+static Rand64 rotl1 (Rand64 i, int n) {
+  lua_assert(n > 32 && n < 64);
+  n = 64 - n;
+  return packI((trim32(i.h) >> n) | (i.l << (32 - n)),
+               (i.h << (32 - n)) | (trim32(i.l) >> n));
+}
+
+/*
+** implementation of 'xoshiro256**' algorithm on 'Rand64' values
+*/
+static Rand64 nextrand (Rand64 *state) {
+  Rand64 res = times9(rotl(times5(state[1]), 7));
+  Rand64 t = Ishl(state[1], 17);
+  Ixor(&state[2], state[0]);
+  Ixor(&state[3], state[1]);
+  Ixor(&state[1], state[2]);
+  Ixor(&state[0], state[3]);
+  Ixor(&state[2], t);
+  state[3] = rotl1(state[3], 45);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Converts a 'Rand64' into a float.
+*/
+
+/* an unsigned 1 with proper type */
+#define UONE		((l_uint32)1)
+
+
+#if FIGS <= 32
+
+/* 2^(-FIGS) */
+#define scaleFIG       (l_mathop(0.5) / (UONE << (FIGS - 1)))
+
+/*
+** get up to 32 bits from higher half, shifting right to
+** throw out the extra bits.
+*/
+static lua_Number I2d (Rand64 x) {
+  lua_Number h = (lua_Number)(trim32(x.h) >> (32 - FIGS));
+  return h * scaleFIG;
+}
+
+#else	/* 32 < FIGS <= 64 */
+
+/* 2^(-FIGS) = 1.0 / 2^30 / 2^3 / 2^(FIGS-33) */
+#define scaleFIG  \
+    (l_mathop(1.0) / (UONE << 30) / l_mathop(8.0) / (UONE << (FIGS - 33)))
+
+/*
+** use FIGS - 32 bits from lower half, throwing out the other
+** (32 - (FIGS - 32)) = (64 - FIGS) bits
+*/
+#define shiftLOW	(64 - FIGS)
+
+/*
+** higher 32 bits go after those (FIGS - 32) bits: shiftHI = 2^(FIGS - 32)
+*/
+#define shiftHI		((lua_Number)(UONE << (FIGS - 33)) * l_mathop(2.0))
+
+
+static lua_Number I2d (Rand64 x) {
+  lua_Number h = (lua_Number)trim32(x.h) * shiftHI;
+  lua_Number l = (lua_Number)(trim32(x.l) >> shiftLOW);
+  return (h + l) * scaleFIG;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+/* convert a 'Rand64' to a 'lua_Unsigned' */
+static lua_Unsigned I2UInt (Rand64 x) {
+  return (((lua_Unsigned)trim32(x.h) << 31) << 1) | (lua_Unsigned)trim32(x.l);
+}
+
+/* convert a 'lua_Unsigned' to a 'Rand64' */
+static Rand64 Int2I (lua_Unsigned n) {
+  return packI((l_uint32)((n >> 31) >> 1), (l_uint32)n);
+}
+
+#endif  /* } */
+
+
+/*
+** A state uses four 'Rand64' values.
+*/
+typedef struct {
+  Rand64 s[4];
+} RanState;
+
+
+/*
+** Project the random integer 'ran' into the interval [0, n].
+** Because 'ran' has 2^B possible values, the projection can only be
+** uniform when the size of the interval is a power of 2 (exact
+** division). So, to get a uniform projection into [0, n], we
+** first compute 'lim', the smallest Mersenne number not smaller than
+** 'n'. We then project 'ran' into the interval [0, lim].  If the result
+** is inside [0, n], we are done. Otherwise, we try with another 'ran',
+** until we have a result inside the interval.
+*/
+static lua_Unsigned project (lua_Unsigned ran, lua_Unsigned n,
+                             RanState *state) {
+  lua_Unsigned lim = n;  /* to compute the Mersenne number */
+  int sh;  /* how much to spread bits to the right in 'lim' */
+  /* spread '1' bits in 'lim' until it becomes a Mersenne number */
+  for (sh = 1; (lim & (lim + 1)) != 0; sh *= 2)
+    lim |= (lim >> sh);  /* spread '1's to the right */
+  while ((ran &= lim) > n)  /* project 'ran' into [0..lim] and test */
+    ran = I2UInt(nextrand(state->s));  /* not inside [0..n]? try again */
+  return ran;
+}
+
+
 static int math_random (lua_State *L) {
-  /* the `%' avoids the (rare) case of r==1, and is needed also because on
-     some systems (SunOS!) `rand()' may return a value larger than RAND_MAX */
-  lua_Number r = (lua_Number)(rand()%RAND_MAX) / (lua_Number)RAND_MAX;
+  lua_Integer low, up;
+  lua_Unsigned p;
+  RanState *state = (RanState *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+  Rand64 rv = nextrand(state->s);  /* next pseudo-random value */
   switch (lua_gettop(L)) {  /* check number of arguments */
     case 0: {  /* no arguments */
-      lua_pushnumber(L, r);  /* Number between 0 and 1 */
-      break;
+      lua_pushnumber(L, I2d(rv));  /* float between 0 and 1 */
+      return 1;
     }
     case 1: {  /* only upper limit */
-      lua_Number u = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
-      luaL_argcheck(L, 1.0 <= u, 1, "interval is empty");
-      lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(floor)(r*u) + 1.0);  /* int in [1, u] */
+      low = 1;
+      up = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+      if (up == 0) {  /* single 0 as argument? */
+        lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(I2UInt(rv)));  /* full random integer */
+        return 1;
+      }
       break;
     }
     case 2: {  /* lower and upper limits */
-      lua_Number l = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
-      lua_Number u = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
-      luaL_argcheck(L, l <= u, 2, "interval is empty");
-      lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(floor)(r*(u-l+1)) + l);  /* int in [l, u] */
+      low = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+      up = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
       break;
     }
     default: return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments");
   }
+  /* random integer in the interval [low, up] */
+  luaL_argcheck(L, low <= up, 1, "interval is empty");
+  /* project random integer into the interval [0, up - low] */
+  p = project(I2UInt(rv), l_castS2U(up) - l_castS2U(low), state);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(p + l_castS2U(low)));
   return 1;
 }
 
 
-static int math_randomseed (lua_State *L) {
-  srand(luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1));
-  (void)rand(); /* discard first value to avoid undesirable correlations */
-  return 0;
+static void setseed (lua_State *L, Rand64 *state,
+                     lua_Unsigned n1, lua_Unsigned n2) {
+  int i;
+  state[0] = Int2I(n1);
+  state[1] = Int2I(0xff);  /* avoid a zero state */
+  state[2] = Int2I(n2);
+  state[3] = Int2I(0);
+  for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+    nextrand(state);  /* discard initial values to "spread" seed */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(n1));
+  lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(n2));
 }
 
 
+static int math_randomseed (lua_State *L) {
+  RanState *state = (RanState *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+  lua_Unsigned n1, n2;
+  if (lua_isnone(L, 1)) {
+    n1 = luaL_makeseed(L);  /* "random" seed */
+    n2 = I2UInt(nextrand(state->s));  /* in case seed is not that random... */
+  }
+  else {
+    n1 = l_castS2U(luaL_checkinteger(L, 1));
+    n2 = l_castS2U(luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0));
+  }
+  setseed(L, state->s, n1, n2);
+  return 2;  /* return seeds */
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg randfuncs[] = {
+  {"random", math_random},
+  {"randomseed", math_randomseed},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** Register the random functions and initialize their state.
+*/
+static void setrandfunc (lua_State *L) {
+  RanState *state = (RanState *)lua_newuserdatauv(L, sizeof(RanState), 0);
+  setseed(L, state->s, luaL_makeseed(L), 0);  /* initialize with random seed */
+  lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove pushed seeds */
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, randfuncs, 1);
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Deprecated functions (for compatibility only)
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB)
+
+static int math_cosh (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(cosh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_sinh (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(sinh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_tanh (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(tanh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_pow (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  lua_Number y = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(pow)(x, y));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_log10 (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(log10)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+#endif
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
 static const luaL_Reg mathlib[] = {
   {"abs",   math_abs},
   {"acos",  math_acos},
   {"asin",  math_asin},
-  {"atan2", math_atan2},
   {"atan",  math_atan},
   {"ceil",  math_ceil},
-  {"cosh",   math_cosh},
   {"cos",   math_cos},
   {"deg",   math_deg},
   {"exp",   math_exp},
+  {"tointeger", math_toint},
   {"floor", math_floor},
   {"fmod",   math_fmod},
   {"frexp", math_frexp},
+  {"ult",   math_ult},
   {"ldexp", math_ldexp},
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOG10)
-  {"log10", math_log10},
-#endif
   {"log",   math_log},
   {"max",   math_max},
   {"min",   math_min},
   {"modf",   math_modf},
-  {"pow",   math_pow},
   {"rad",   math_rad},
-  {"random",     math_random},
-  {"randomseed", math_randomseed},
-  {"sinh",   math_sinh},
   {"sin",   math_sin},
   {"sqrt",  math_sqrt},
-  {"tanh",   math_tanh},
   {"tan",   math_tan},
+  {"type", math_type},
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB)
+  {"atan2", math_atan},
+  {"cosh",   math_cosh},
+  {"sinh",   math_sinh},
+  {"tanh",   math_tanh},
+  {"pow",   math_pow},
+  {"log10", math_log10},
+#endif
+  /* placeholders */
+  {"random", NULL},
+  {"randomseed", NULL},
+  {"pi", NULL},
+  {"huge", NULL},
+  {"maxinteger", NULL},
+  {"mininteger", NULL},
   {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
@@ -276,8 +753,13 @@ LUAMOD_API int luaopen_math (lua_State *L) {
   luaL_newlib(L, mathlib);
   lua_pushnumber(L, PI);
   lua_setfield(L, -2, "pi");
-  lua_pushnumber(L, HUGE_VAL);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)HUGE_VAL);
   lua_setfield(L, -2, "huge");
+  lua_pushinteger(L, LUA_MAXINTEGER);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "maxinteger");
+  lua_pushinteger(L, LUA_MININTEGER);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "mininteger");
+  setrandfunc(L);
   return 1;
 }
 

lmem.c

@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lmem.c,v 1.83 2011/11/30 12:42:49 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lmem.c $
 ** Interface to Memory Manager
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-
 #define lmem_c
 #define LUA_CORE
 
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "ldebug.h"
@@ -23,77 +25,191 @@
 
 /*
 ** About the realloc function:
-** void * frealloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
-** (`osize' is the old size, `nsize' is the new size)
+** void *frealloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+** ('osize' is the old size, 'nsize' is the new size)
 **
-** * frealloc(ud, NULL, x, s) creates a new block of size `s' (no
-** matter 'x').
+** - frealloc(ud, p, x, 0) frees the block 'p' and returns NULL.
+** Particularly, frealloc(ud, NULL, 0, 0) does nothing,
+** which is equivalent to free(NULL) in ISO C.
 **
-** * frealloc(ud, p, x, 0) frees the block `p'
-** (in this specific case, frealloc must return NULL);
-** particularly, frealloc(ud, NULL, 0, 0) does nothing
-** (which is equivalent to free(NULL) in ANSI C)
+** - frealloc(ud, NULL, x, s) creates a new block of size 's'
+** (no matter 'x'). Returns NULL if it cannot create the new block.
 **
-** frealloc returns NULL if it cannot create or reallocate the area
-** (any reallocation to an equal or smaller size cannot fail!)
+** - otherwise, frealloc(ud, b, x, y) reallocates the block 'b' from
+** size 'x' to size 'y'. Returns NULL if it cannot reallocate the
+** block to the new size.
 */
 
 
+/*
+** Macro to call the allocation function.
+*/
+#define callfrealloc(g,block,os,ns)    ((*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, os, ns))
 
+
+/*
+** When an allocation fails, it will try again after an emergency
+** collection, except when it cannot run a collection.  The GC should
+** not be called while the state is not fully built, as the collector
+** is not yet fully initialized. Also, it should not be called when
+** 'gcstopem' is true, because then the interpreter is in the middle of
+** a collection step.
+*/
+#define cantryagain(g)	(completestate(g) && !g->gcstopem)
+
+
+
+
+#if defined(EMERGENCYGCTESTS)
+/*
+** First allocation will fail except when freeing a block (frees never
+** fail) and when it cannot try again; this fail will trigger 'tryagain'
+** and a full GC cycle at every allocation.
+*/
+static void *firsttry (global_State *g, void *block, size_t os, size_t ns) {
+  if (ns > 0 && cantryagain(g))
+    return NULL;  /* fail */
+  else  /* normal allocation */
+    return callfrealloc(g, block, os, ns);
+}
+#else
+#define firsttry(g,block,os,ns)    callfrealloc(g, block, os, ns)
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Functions to allocate/deallocate arrays for the Parser
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** Minimum size for arrays during parsing, to avoid overhead of
+** reallocating to size 1, then 2, and then 4. All these arrays
+** will be reallocated to exact sizes or erased when parsing ends.
+*/
 #define MINSIZEARRAY	4
 
 
-void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size, size_t size_elems,
-                     int limit, const char *what) {
+void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int nelems, int *psize,
+                     unsigned size_elems, int limit, const char *what) {
   void *newblock;
-  int newsize;
-  if (*size >= limit/2) {  /* cannot double it? */
-    if (*size >= limit)  /* cannot grow even a little? */
+  int size = *psize;
+  if (nelems + 1 <= size)  /* does one extra element still fit? */
+    return block;  /* nothing to be done */
+  if (size >= limit / 2) {  /* cannot double it? */
+    if (l_unlikely(size >= limit))  /* cannot grow even a little? */
       luaG_runerror(L, "too many %s (limit is %d)", what, limit);
-    newsize = limit;  /* still have at least one free place */
+    size = limit;  /* still have at least one free place */
   }
   else {
-    newsize = (*size)*2;
-    if (newsize < MINSIZEARRAY)
-      newsize = MINSIZEARRAY;  /* minimum size */
+    size *= 2;
+    if (size < MINSIZEARRAY)
+      size = MINSIZEARRAY;  /* minimum size */
   }
-  newblock = luaM_reallocv(L, block, *size, newsize, size_elems);
-  *size = newsize;  /* update only when everything else is OK */
+  lua_assert(nelems + 1 <= size && size <= limit);
+  /* 'limit' ensures that multiplication will not overflow */
+  newblock = luaM_saferealloc_(L, block, cast_sizet(*psize) * size_elems,
+                                         cast_sizet(size) * size_elems);
+  *psize = size;  /* update only when everything else is OK */
   return newblock;
 }
 
 
+/*
+** In prototypes, the size of the array is also its number of
+** elements (to save memory). So, if it cannot shrink an array
+** to its number of elements, the only option is to raise an
+** error.
+*/
+void *luaM_shrinkvector_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size,
+                          int final_n, unsigned size_elem) {
+  void *newblock;
+  size_t oldsize = cast_sizet(*size) * size_elem;
+  size_t newsize = cast_sizet(final_n) * size_elem;
+  lua_assert(newsize <= oldsize);
+  newblock = luaM_saferealloc_(L, block, oldsize, newsize);
+  *size = final_n;
+  return newblock;
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
 l_noret luaM_toobig (lua_State *L) {
   luaG_runerror(L, "memory allocation error: block too big");
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Free memory
+*/
+void luaM_free_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert((osize == 0) == (block == NULL));
+  callfrealloc(g, block, osize, 0);
+  g->GCdebt += cast(l_mem, osize);
+}
+
 
 /*
-** generic allocation routine.
+** In case of allocation fail, this function will do an emergency
+** collection to free some memory and then try the allocation again.
+*/
+static void *tryagain (lua_State *L, void *block,
+                       size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  if (cantryagain(g)) {
+    luaC_fullgc(L, 1);  /* try to free some memory... */
+    return callfrealloc(g, block, osize, nsize);  /* try again */
+  }
+  else return NULL;  /* cannot run an emergency collection */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Generic allocation routine.
 */
 void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
   void *newblock;
   global_State *g = G(L);
-  size_t realosize = (block) ? osize : 0;
-  lua_assert((realosize == 0) == (block == NULL));
-#if defined(HARDMEMTESTS)
-  if (nsize > realosize && g->gcrunning)
-    luaC_fullgc(L, 1);  /* force a GC whenever possible */
-#endif
-  newblock = (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, osize, nsize);
-  if (newblock == NULL && nsize > 0) {
-    api_check(L, nsize > realosize,
-                 "realloc cannot fail when shrinking a block");
-    if (g->gcrunning) {
-      luaC_fullgc(L, 1);  /* try to free some memory... */
-      newblock = (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, osize, nsize);  /* try again */
-    }
-    if (newblock == NULL)
-      luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM);
+  lua_assert((osize == 0) == (block == NULL));
+  newblock = firsttry(g, block, osize, nsize);
+  if (l_unlikely(newblock == NULL && nsize > 0)) {
+    newblock = tryagain(L, block, osize, nsize);
+    if (newblock == NULL)  /* still no memory? */
+      return NULL;  /* do not update 'GCdebt' */
   }
   lua_assert((nsize == 0) == (newblock == NULL));
-  g->GCdebt = (g->GCdebt + nsize) - realosize;
+  g->GCdebt -= cast(l_mem, nsize) - cast(l_mem, osize);
   return newblock;
 }
 
+
+void *luaM_saferealloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize,
+                                                    size_t nsize) {
+  void *newblock = luaM_realloc_(L, block, osize, nsize);
+  if (l_unlikely(newblock == NULL && nsize > 0))  /* allocation failed? */
+    luaM_error(L);
+  return newblock;
+}
+
+
+void *luaM_malloc_ (lua_State *L, size_t size, int tag) {
+  if (size == 0)
+    return NULL;  /* that's all */
+  else {
+    global_State *g = G(L);
+    void *newblock = firsttry(g, NULL, cast_sizet(tag), size);
+    if (l_unlikely(newblock == NULL)) {
+      newblock = tryagain(L, NULL, cast_sizet(tag), size);
+      if (newblock == NULL)
+        luaM_error(L);
+    }
+    g->GCdebt -= cast(l_mem, size);
+    return newblock;
+  }
+}

lmem.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lmem.h,v 1.37 2011/11/30 12:42:49 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lmem.h $
 ** Interface to Memory Manager
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -14,37 +14,83 @@
 #include "lua.h"
 
 
-#define luaM_reallocv(L,b,on,n,e) \
-	((cast(size_t, (n)+1) > MAX_SIZET/(e)) ?  /* +1 to avoid warnings */ \
-		(luaM_toobig(L), (void *)0) : \
-		luaM_realloc_(L, (b), (on)*(e), (n)*(e)))
+#define luaM_error(L)	luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM)
 
-#define luaM_freemem(L, b, s)	luaM_realloc_(L, (b), (s), 0)
-#define luaM_free(L, b)		luaM_realloc_(L, (b), sizeof(*(b)), 0)
-#define luaM_freearray(L, b, n)   luaM_reallocv(L, (b), n, 0, sizeof((b)[0]))
 
-#define luaM_malloc(L,s)	luaM_realloc_(L, NULL, 0, (s))
-#define luaM_new(L,t)		cast(t *, luaM_malloc(L, sizeof(t)))
-#define luaM_newvector(L,n,t) \
-		cast(t *, luaM_reallocv(L, NULL, 0, n, sizeof(t)))
+/*
+** This macro tests whether it is safe to multiply 'n' by the size of
+** type 't' without overflows. Because 'e' is always constant, it avoids
+** the runtime division MAX_SIZET/(e).
+** (The macro is somewhat complex to avoid warnings:  The 'sizeof'
+** comparison avoids a runtime comparison when overflow cannot occur.
+** The compiler should be able to optimize the real test by itself, but
+** when it does it, it may give a warning about "comparison is always
+** false due to limited range of data type"; the +1 tricks the compiler,
+** avoiding this warning but also this optimization.)
+*/
+#define luaM_testsize(n,e)  \
+	(sizeof(n) >= sizeof(size_t) && cast_sizet((n)) + 1 > MAX_SIZET/(e))
 
-#define luaM_newobject(L,tag,s)	luaM_realloc_(L, NULL, tag, (s))
+#define luaM_checksize(L,n,e)  \
+	(luaM_testsize(n,e) ? luaM_toobig(L) : cast_void(0))
+
+
+/*
+** Computes the minimum between 'n' and 'MAX_SIZET/sizeof(t)', so that
+** the result is not larger than 'n' and cannot overflow a 'size_t'
+** when multiplied by the size of type 't'. (Assumes that 'n' is an
+** 'int' and that 'int' is not larger than 'size_t'.)
+*/
+#define luaM_limitN(n,t)  \
+  ((cast_sizet(n) <= MAX_SIZET/sizeof(t)) ? (n) :  \
+     cast_int((MAX_SIZET/sizeof(t))))
+
+
+/*
+** Arrays of chars do not need any test
+*/
+#define luaM_reallocvchar(L,b,on,n)  \
+  cast_charp(luaM_saferealloc_(L, (b), (on)*sizeof(char), (n)*sizeof(char)))
+
+#define luaM_freemem(L, b, s)	luaM_free_(L, (b), (s))
+#define luaM_free(L, b)		luaM_free_(L, (b), sizeof(*(b)))
+#define luaM_freearray(L, b, n)   luaM_free_(L, (b), (n)*sizeof(*(b)))
+
+#define luaM_new(L,t)		cast(t*, luaM_malloc_(L, sizeof(t), 0))
+#define luaM_newvector(L,n,t)  \
+	cast(t*, luaM_malloc_(L, cast_sizet(n)*sizeof(t), 0))
+#define luaM_newvectorchecked(L,n,t) \
+  (luaM_checksize(L,n,sizeof(t)), luaM_newvector(L,n,t))
+
+#define luaM_newobject(L,tag,s)	luaM_malloc_(L, (s), tag)
+
+#define luaM_newblock(L, size)	luaM_newvector(L, size, char)
 
 #define luaM_growvector(L,v,nelems,size,t,limit,e) \
-          if ((nelems)+1 > (size)) \
-            ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_growaux_(L,v,&(size),sizeof(t),limit,e)))
+	((v)=cast(t *, luaM_growaux_(L,v,nelems,&(size),sizeof(t), \
+                         luaM_limitN(limit,t),e)))
 
 #define luaM_reallocvector(L, v,oldn,n,t) \
-   ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_reallocv(L, v, oldn, n, sizeof(t))))
+   (cast(t *, luaM_realloc_(L, v, cast_sizet(oldn) * sizeof(t), \
+                                  cast_sizet(n) * sizeof(t))))
+
+#define luaM_shrinkvector(L,v,size,fs,t) \
+   ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_shrinkvector_(L, v, &(size), fs, sizeof(t))))
 
 LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaM_toobig (lua_State *L);
 
 /* not to be called directly */
 LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t oldsize,
                                                           size_t size);
-LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size,
-                               size_t size_elem, int limit,
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_saferealloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t oldsize,
+                                                              size_t size);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaM_free_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int nelems,
+                               int *size, unsigned size_elem, int limit,
                                const char *what);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_shrinkvector_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *nelem,
+                                    int final_n, unsigned size_elem);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_malloc_ (lua_State *L, size_t size, int tag);
 
 #endif
 

loadlib.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: loadlib.c,v 1.110 2012/04/26 19:38:52 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: loadlib.c $
 ** Dynamic library loader for Lua
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 **
@@ -8,66 +8,21 @@
 ** systems.
 */
 
-
-/*
-** if needed, includes windows header before everything else
-*/
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-#include <windows.h>
-#endif
-
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-
 #define loadlib_c
 #define LUA_LIB
 
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
-
-
-/*
-** LUA_PATH and LUA_CPATH are the names of the environment
-** variables that Lua check to set its paths.
-*/
-#if !defined(LUA_PATH)
-#define LUA_PATH	"LUA_PATH"
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(LUA_CPATH)
-#define LUA_CPATH	"LUA_CPATH"
-#endif
-
-#define LUA_PATHSUFFIX		"_" LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "_" LUA_VERSION_MINOR
-
-#define LUA_PATHVERSION		LUA_PATH LUA_PATHSUFFIX
-#define LUA_CPATHVERSION	LUA_CPATH LUA_PATHSUFFIX
-
-/*
-** LUA_PATH_SEP is the character that separates templates in a path.
-** LUA_PATH_MARK is the string that marks the substitution points in a
-** template.
-** LUA_EXEC_DIR in a Windows path is replaced by the executable's
-** directory.
-** LUA_IGMARK is a mark to ignore all before it when building the
-** luaopen_ function name.
-*/
-#if !defined (LUA_PATH_SEP)
-#define LUA_PATH_SEP		";"
-#endif
-#if !defined (LUA_PATH_MARK)
-#define LUA_PATH_MARK		"?"
-#endif
-#if !defined (LUA_EXEC_DIR)
-#define LUA_EXEC_DIR		"!"
-#endif
-#if !defined (LUA_IGMARK)
-#define LUA_IGMARK		"-"
-#endif
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 /*
@@ -92,55 +47,77 @@
 #define LUA_OFSEP	"_"
 
 
-/* table (in the registry) that keeps handles for all loaded C libraries */
-#define CLIBS		"_CLIBS"
+/*
+** key for table in the registry that keeps handles
+** for all loaded C libraries
+*/
+static const char *const CLIBS = "_CLIBS";
 
 #define LIB_FAIL	"open"
 
 
-/* error codes for ll_loadfunc */
-#define ERRLIB		1
-#define ERRFUNC		2
+#define setprogdir(L)           ((void)0)
 
-#define setprogdir(L)		((void)0)
+
+/* cast void* to a Lua function */
+#define cast_Lfunc(p)	cast(lua_CFunction, cast_func(p))
 
 
 /*
 ** system-dependent functions
 */
-static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib);
-static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb);
-static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym);
+
+/*
+** unload library 'lib'
+*/
+static void lsys_unloadlib (void *lib);
+
+/*
+** load C library in file 'path'. If 'seeglb', load with all names in
+** the library global.
+** Returns the library; in case of error, returns NULL plus an
+** error string in the stack.
+*/
+static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb);
+
+/*
+** Try to find a function named 'sym' in library 'lib'.
+** Returns the function; in case of error, returns NULL plus an
+** error string in the stack.
+*/
+static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym);
 
 
 
-#if defined(LUA_USE_DLOPEN)
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_DLOPEN)	/* { */
 /*
 ** {========================================================================
-** This is an implementation of loadlib based on the dlfcn interface.
-** The dlfcn interface is available in Linux, SunOS, Solaris, IRIX, FreeBSD,
-** NetBSD, AIX 4.2, HPUX 11, and  probably most other Unix flavors, at least
-** as an emulation layer on top of native functions.
+** This is an implementation of loadlib based on the dlfcn interface,
+** which is available in all POSIX systems.
 ** =========================================================================
 */
 
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 
-static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+
+static void lsys_unloadlib (void *lib) {
   dlclose(lib);
 }
 
 
-static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
+static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
   void *lib = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW | (seeglb ? RTLD_GLOBAL : RTLD_LOCAL));
-  if (lib == NULL) lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
+  if (l_unlikely(lib == NULL))
+    lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
   return lib;
 }
 
 
-static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
-  lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)dlsym(lib, sym);
-  if (f == NULL) lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
+static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+  lua_CFunction f = cast_Lfunc(dlsym(lib, sym));
+  if (l_unlikely(f == NULL))
+    lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
   return f;
 }
 
@@ -148,14 +125,15 @@ static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
 
 
 
-#elif defined(LUA_DL_DLL)
+#elif defined(LUA_DL_DLL)	/* }{ */
 /*
 ** {======================================================================
 ** This is an implementation of loadlib for Windows using native functions.
 ** =======================================================================
 */
 
-#undef setprogdir
+#include <windows.h>
+
 
 /*
 ** optional flags for LoadLibraryEx
@@ -165,21 +143,30 @@ static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
 #endif
 
 
+#undef setprogdir
+
+
+/*
+** Replace in the path (on the top of the stack) any occurrence
+** of LUA_EXEC_DIR with the executable's path.
+*/
 static void setprogdir (lua_State *L) {
   char buff[MAX_PATH + 1];
   char *lb;
   DWORD nsize = sizeof(buff)/sizeof(char);
-  DWORD n = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, buff, nsize);
+  DWORD n = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, buff, nsize);  /* get exec. name */
   if (n == 0 || n == nsize || (lb = strrchr(buff, '\\')) == NULL)
     luaL_error(L, "unable to get ModuleFileName");
   else {
-    *lb = '\0';
+    *lb = '\0';  /* cut name on the last '\\' to get the path */
     luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), LUA_EXEC_DIR, buff);
     lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove original string */
   }
 }
 
 
+
+
 static void pusherror (lua_State *L) {
   int error = GetLastError();
   char buffer[128];
@@ -190,12 +177,12 @@ static void pusherror (lua_State *L) {
     lua_pushfstring(L, "system error %d\n", error);
 }
 
-static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+static void lsys_unloadlib (void *lib) {
   FreeLibrary((HMODULE)lib);
 }
 
 
-static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
+static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
   HMODULE lib = LoadLibraryExA(path, NULL, LUA_LLE_FLAGS);
   (void)(seeglb);  /* not used: symbols are 'global' by default */
   if (lib == NULL) pusherror(L);
@@ -203,8 +190,8 @@ static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
 }
 
 
-static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
-  lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)lib, sym);
+static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+  lua_CFunction f = cast_Lfunc(GetProcAddress((HMODULE)lib, sym));
   if (f == NULL) pusherror(L);
   return f;
 }
@@ -212,7 +199,7 @@ static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
 /* }====================================================== */
 
 
-#else
+#else				/* }{ */
 /*
 ** {======================================================
 ** Fallback for other systems
@@ -226,29 +213,113 @@ static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
 #define DLMSG	"dynamic libraries not enabled; check your Lua installation"
 
 
-static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+static void lsys_unloadlib (void *lib) {
   (void)(lib);  /* not used */
 }
 
 
-static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
+static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
   (void)(path); (void)(seeglb);  /* not used */
   lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);
   return NULL;
 }
 
 
-static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
   (void)(lib); (void)(sym);  /* not used */
   lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);
   return NULL;
 }
 
 /* }====================================================== */
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Set Paths
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** LUA_PATH_VAR and LUA_CPATH_VAR are the names of the environment
+** variables that Lua check to set its paths.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_PATH_VAR)
+#define LUA_PATH_VAR    "LUA_PATH"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_CPATH_VAR)
+#define LUA_CPATH_VAR   "LUA_CPATH"
 #endif
 
 
-static void *ll_checkclib (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+
+/*
+** return registry.LUA_NOENV as a boolean
+*/
+static int noenv (lua_State *L) {
+  int b;
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_NOENV");
+  b = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value */
+  return b;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Set a path. (If using the default path, assume it is a string
+** literal in C and create it as an external string.)
+*/
+static void setpath (lua_State *L, const char *fieldname,
+                                   const char *envname,
+                                   const char *dft) {
+  const char *dftmark;
+  const char *nver = lua_pushfstring(L, "%s%s", envname, LUA_VERSUFFIX);
+  const char *path = getenv(nver);  /* try versioned name */
+  if (path == NULL)  /* no versioned environment variable? */
+    path = getenv(envname);  /* try unversioned name */
+  if (path == NULL || noenv(L))  /* no environment variable? */
+    lua_pushexternalstring(L, dft, strlen(dft), NULL, NULL);  /* use default */
+  else if ((dftmark = strstr(path, LUA_PATH_SEP LUA_PATH_SEP)) == NULL)
+    lua_pushstring(L, path);  /* nothing to change */
+  else {  /* path contains a ";;": insert default path in its place */
+    size_t len = strlen(path);
+    luaL_Buffer b;
+    luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+    if (path < dftmark) {  /* is there a prefix before ';;'? */
+      luaL_addlstring(&b, path, ct_diff2sz(dftmark - path));  /* add it */
+      luaL_addchar(&b, *LUA_PATH_SEP);
+    }
+    luaL_addstring(&b, dft);  /* add default */
+    if (dftmark < path + len - 2) {  /* is there a suffix after ';;'? */
+      luaL_addchar(&b, *LUA_PATH_SEP);
+      luaL_addlstring(&b, dftmark + 2, ct_diff2sz((path + len - 2) - dftmark));
+    }
+    luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  }
+  setprogdir(L);
+  lua_setfield(L, -3, fieldname);  /* package[fieldname] = path value */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop versioned variable name ('nver') */
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** External strings created by DLLs may need the DLL code to be
+** deallocated. This implies that a DLL can only be unloaded after all
+** its strings were deallocated. To ensure that, we create a 'library
+** string' to represent each DLL, and when this string is deallocated
+** it closes its corresponding DLL.
+** (The string itself is irrelevant; its userdata is the DLL pointer.)
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** return registry.CLIBS[path]
+*/
+static void *checkclib (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
   void *plib;
   lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);
   lua_getfield(L, -1, path);
@@ -258,44 +329,71 @@ static void *ll_checkclib (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
 }
 
 
-static void ll_addtoclib (lua_State *L, const char *path, void *plib) {
-  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);
-  lua_pushlightuserdata(L, plib);
-  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
-  lua_setfield(L, -3, path);  /* CLIBS[path] = plib */
-  lua_rawseti(L, -2, luaL_len(L, -2) + 1);  /* CLIBS[#CLIBS + 1] = plib */
-  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop CLIBS table */
+/*
+** Deallocate function for library strings.
+** Unload the DLL associated with the string being deallocated.
+*/
+static void *freelib (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+  /* string itself is irrelevant and static */
+  (void)ptr; (void)osize; (void)nsize;
+  lsys_unloadlib(ud);  /* unload library represented by the string */
+  return NULL;
 }
 
 
 /*
-** __gc tag method for CLIBS table: calls 'll_unloadlib' for all lib
-** handles in list CLIBS
+** Create a library string that, when deallocated, will unload 'plib'
 */
-static int gctm (lua_State *L) {
-  int n = luaL_len(L, 1);
-  for (; n >= 1; n--) {  /* for each handle, in reverse order */
-    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, n);  /* get handle CLIBS[n] */
-    ll_unloadlib(lua_touserdata(L, -1));
-    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop handle */
-  }
-  return 0;
+static void createlibstr (lua_State *L, void *plib) {
+  /* common content for all library strings */
+  static const char dummy[] = "01234567890";
+  lua_pushexternalstring(L, dummy, sizeof(dummy) - 1, freelib, plib);
 }
 
 
-static int ll_loadfunc (lua_State *L, const char *path, const char *sym) {
-  void *reg = ll_checkclib(L, path);  /* check loaded C libraries */
+/*
+** registry.CLIBS[path] = plib          -- for queries.
+** Also create a reference to strlib, so that the library string will
+** only be collected when registry.CLIBS is collected.
+*/
+static void addtoclib (lua_State *L, const char *path, void *plib) {
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);
+  lua_pushlightuserdata(L, plib);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, path);  /* CLIBS[path] = plib */
+  createlibstr(L, plib);
+  luaL_ref(L, -2);  /* keep library string in CLIBS */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop CLIBS table */
+}
+
+
+/* error codes for 'lookforfunc' */
+#define ERRLIB		1
+#define ERRFUNC		2
+
+/*
+** Look for a C function named 'sym' in a dynamically loaded library
+** 'path'.
+** First, check whether the library is already loaded; if not, try
+** to load it.
+** Then, if 'sym' is '*', return true (as library has been loaded).
+** Otherwise, look for symbol 'sym' in the library and push a
+** C function with that symbol.
+** Return 0 with 'true' or a function in the stack; in case of
+** errors, return an error code with an error message in the stack.
+*/
+static int lookforfunc (lua_State *L, const char *path, const char *sym) {
+  void *reg = checkclib(L, path);  /* check loaded C libraries */
   if (reg == NULL) {  /* must load library? */
-    reg = ll_load(L, path, *sym == '*');
+    reg = lsys_load(L, path, *sym == '*');  /* global symbols if 'sym'=='*' */
     if (reg == NULL) return ERRLIB;  /* unable to load library */
-    ll_addtoclib(L, path, reg);
+    addtoclib(L, path, reg);
   }
   if (*sym == '*') {  /* loading only library (no function)? */
     lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* return 'true' */
     return 0;  /* no errors */
   }
   else {
-    lua_CFunction f = ll_sym(L, reg, sym);
+    lua_CFunction f = lsys_sym(L, reg, sym);
     if (f == NULL)
       return ERRFUNC;  /* unable to find function */
     lua_pushcfunction(L, f);  /* else create new function */
@@ -307,14 +405,14 @@ static int ll_loadfunc (lua_State *L, const char *path, const char *sym) {
 static int ll_loadlib (lua_State *L) {
   const char *path = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
   const char *init = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
-  int stat = ll_loadfunc(L, path, init);
-  if (stat == 0)  /* no errors? */
+  int stat = lookforfunc(L, path, init);
+  if (l_likely(stat == 0))  /* no errors? */
     return 1;  /* return the loaded function */
   else {  /* error; error message is on stack top */
-    lua_pushnil(L);
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
     lua_insert(L, -2);
     lua_pushstring(L, (stat == ERRLIB) ?  LIB_FAIL : "init");
-    return 3;  /* return nil, error message, and where */
+    return 3;  /* return fail, error message, and where */
   }
 }
 
@@ -335,14 +433,42 @@ static int readable (const char *filename) {
 }
 
 
-static const char *pushnexttemplate (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
-  const char *l;
-  while (*path == *LUA_PATH_SEP) path++;  /* skip separators */
-  if (*path == '\0') return NULL;  /* no more templates */
-  l = strchr(path, *LUA_PATH_SEP);  /* find next separator */
-  if (l == NULL) l = path + strlen(path);
-  lua_pushlstring(L, path, l - path);  /* template */
-  return l;
+/*
+** Get the next name in '*path' = 'name1;name2;name3;...', changing
+** the ending ';' to '\0' to create a zero-terminated string. Return
+** NULL when list ends.
+*/
+static const char *getnextfilename (char **path, char *end) {
+  char *sep;
+  char *name = *path;
+  if (name == end)
+    return NULL;  /* no more names */
+  else if (*name == '\0') {  /* from previous iteration? */
+    *name = *LUA_PATH_SEP;  /* restore separator */
+    name++;  /* skip it */
+  }
+  sep = strchr(name, *LUA_PATH_SEP);  /* find next separator */
+  if (sep == NULL)  /* separator not found? */
+    sep = end;  /* name goes until the end */
+  *sep = '\0';  /* finish file name */
+  *path = sep;  /* will start next search from here */
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Given a path such as ";blabla.so;blublu.so", pushes the string
+**
+** no file 'blabla.so'
+**	no file 'blublu.so'
+*/
+static void pusherrornotfound (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  luaL_addstring(&b, "no file '");
+  luaL_addgsub(&b, path, LUA_PATH_SEP, "'\n\tno file '");
+  luaL_addstring(&b, "'");
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);
 }
 
 
@@ -350,21 +476,25 @@ static const char *searchpath (lua_State *L, const char *name,
                                              const char *path,
                                              const char *sep,
                                              const char *dirsep) {
-  luaL_Buffer msg;  /* to build error message */
-  luaL_buffinit(L, &msg);
-  if (*sep != '\0')  /* non-empty separator? */
+  luaL_Buffer buff;
+  char *pathname;  /* path with name inserted */
+  char *endpathname;  /* its end */
+  const char *filename;
+  /* separator is non-empty and appears in 'name'? */
+  if (*sep != '\0' && strchr(name, *sep) != NULL)
     name = luaL_gsub(L, name, sep, dirsep);  /* replace it by 'dirsep' */
-  while ((path = pushnexttemplate(L, path)) != NULL) {
-    const char *filename = luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1),
-                                     LUA_PATH_MARK, name);
-    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove path template */
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &buff);
+  /* add path to the buffer, replacing marks ('?') with the file name */
+  luaL_addgsub(&buff, path, LUA_PATH_MARK, name);
+  luaL_addchar(&buff, '\0');
+  pathname = luaL_buffaddr(&buff);  /* writable list of file names */
+  endpathname = pathname + luaL_bufflen(&buff) - 1;
+  while ((filename = getnextfilename(&pathname, endpathname)) != NULL) {
     if (readable(filename))  /* does file exist and is readable? */
-      return filename;  /* return that file name */
-    lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno file " LUA_QS, filename);
-    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove file name */
-    luaL_addvalue(&msg);  /* concatenate error msg. entry */
+      return lua_pushstring(L, filename);  /* save and return name */
   }
-  luaL_pushresult(&msg);  /* create error message */
+  luaL_pushresult(&buff);  /* push path to create error message */
+  pusherrornotfound(L, lua_tostring(L, -1));  /* create error message */
   return NULL;  /* not found */
 }
 
@@ -376,9 +506,9 @@ static int ll_searchpath (lua_State *L) {
                                 luaL_optstring(L, 4, LUA_DIRSEP));
   if (f != NULL) return 1;
   else {  /* error message is on top of the stack */
-    lua_pushnil(L);
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
     lua_insert(L, -2);
-    return 2;  /* return nil + error message */
+    return 2;  /* return fail + error message */
   }
 }
 
@@ -389,20 +519,19 @@ static const char *findfile (lua_State *L, const char *name,
   const char *path;
   lua_getfield(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), pname);
   path = lua_tostring(L, -1);
-  if (path == NULL)
-    luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.%s") " must be a string", pname);
+  if (l_unlikely(path == NULL))
+    luaL_error(L, "'package.%s' must be a string", pname);
   return searchpath(L, name, path, ".", dirsep);
 }
 
 
 static int checkload (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *filename) {
-  if (stat) {  /* module loaded successfully? */
+  if (l_likely(stat)) {  /* module loaded successfully? */
     lua_pushstring(L, filename);  /* will be 2nd argument to module */
     return 2;  /* return open function and file name */
   }
   else
-    return luaL_error(L, "error loading module " LUA_QS
-                         " from file " LUA_QS ":\n\t%s",
+    return luaL_error(L, "error loading module '%s' from file '%s':\n\t%s",
                           lua_tostring(L, 1), filename, lua_tostring(L, -1));
 }
 
@@ -416,21 +545,29 @@ static int searcher_Lua (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
+/*
+** Try to find a load function for module 'modname' at file 'filename'.
+** First, change '.' to '_' in 'modname'; then, if 'modname' has
+** the form X-Y (that is, it has an "ignore mark"), build a function
+** name "luaopen_X" and look for it. (For compatibility, if that
+** fails, it also tries "luaopen_Y".) If there is no ignore mark,
+** look for a function named "luaopen_modname".
+*/
 static int loadfunc (lua_State *L, const char *filename, const char *modname) {
-  const char *funcname;
+  const char *openfunc;
   const char *mark;
   modname = luaL_gsub(L, modname, ".", LUA_OFSEP);
   mark = strchr(modname, *LUA_IGMARK);
   if (mark) {
     int stat;
-    funcname = lua_pushlstring(L, modname, mark - modname);
-    funcname = lua_pushfstring(L, LUA_POF"%s", funcname);
-    stat = ll_loadfunc(L, filename, funcname);
+    openfunc = lua_pushlstring(L, modname, ct_diff2sz(mark - modname));
+    openfunc = lua_pushfstring(L, LUA_POF"%s", openfunc);
+    stat = lookforfunc(L, filename, openfunc);
     if (stat != ERRFUNC) return stat;
     modname = mark + 1;  /* else go ahead and try old-style name */
   }
-  funcname = lua_pushfstring(L, LUA_POF"%s", modname);
-  return ll_loadfunc(L, filename, funcname);
+  openfunc = lua_pushfstring(L, LUA_POF"%s", modname);
+  return lookforfunc(L, filename, openfunc);
 }
 
 
@@ -448,15 +585,14 @@ static int searcher_Croot (lua_State *L) {
   const char *p = strchr(name, '.');
   int stat;
   if (p == NULL) return 0;  /* is root */
-  lua_pushlstring(L, name, p - name);
+  lua_pushlstring(L, name, ct_diff2sz(p - name));
   filename = findfile(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), "cpath", LUA_CSUBSEP);
   if (filename == NULL) return 1;  /* root not found */
   if ((stat = loadfunc(L, filename, name)) != 0) {
     if (stat != ERRFUNC)
       return checkload(L, 0, filename);  /* real error */
     else {  /* open function not found */
-      lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno module " LUA_QS " in file " LUA_QS,
-                         name, filename);
+      lua_pushfstring(L, "no module '%s' in file '%s'", name, filename);
       return 1;
     }
   }
@@ -467,29 +603,34 @@ static int searcher_Croot (lua_State *L) {
 
 static int searcher_preload (lua_State *L) {
   const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
-  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_PRELOAD");
-  lua_getfield(L, -1, name);
-  if (lua_isnil(L, -1))  /* not found? */
-    lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno field package.preload['%s']", name);
-  return 1;
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE);
+  if (lua_getfield(L, -1, name) == LUA_TNIL) {  /* not found? */
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "no field package.preload['%s']", name);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_pushliteral(L, ":preload:");
+    return 2;
+  }
 }
 
 
 static void findloader (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
   int i;
   luaL_Buffer msg;  /* to build error message */
+  /* push 'package.searchers' to index 3 in the stack */
+  if (l_unlikely(lua_getfield(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), "searchers")
+                 != LUA_TTABLE))
+    luaL_error(L, "'package.searchers' must be a table");
   luaL_buffinit(L, &msg);
-  lua_getfield(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), "searchers");  /* will be at index 3 */
-  if (!lua_istable(L, 3))
-    luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.searchers") " must be a table");
+  luaL_addstring(&msg, "\n\t");  /* error-message prefix for first message */
   /*  iterate over available searchers to find a loader */
   for (i = 1; ; i++) {
-    lua_rawgeti(L, 3, i);  /* get a searcher */
-    if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {  /* no more searchers? */
+    if (l_unlikely(lua_rawgeti(L, 3, i) == LUA_TNIL)) {  /* no more searchers? */
       lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove nil */
+      luaL_buffsub(&msg, 2);  /* remove last prefix */
       luaL_pushresult(&msg);  /* create error message */
-      luaL_error(L, "module " LUA_QS " not found:%s",
-                    name, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+      luaL_error(L, "module '%s' not found:%s", name, lua_tostring(L, -1));
     }
     lua_pushstring(L, name);
     lua_call(L, 1, 2);  /* call it */
@@ -498,8 +639,9 @@ static void findloader (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
     else if (lua_isstring(L, -2)) {  /* searcher returned error message? */
       lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove extra return */
       luaL_addvalue(&msg);  /* concatenate error message */
+      luaL_addstring(&msg, "\n\t");  /* prefix for next message */
     }
-    else
+    else  /* no error message */
       lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove both returns */
   }
 }
@@ -507,214 +649,95 @@ static void findloader (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
 
 static int ll_require (lua_State *L) {
   const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
-  lua_settop(L, 1);  /* _LOADED table will be at index 2 */
-  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED");
-  lua_getfield(L, 2, name);  /* _LOADED[name] */
+  lua_settop(L, 1);  /* LOADED table will be at index 2 */
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_LOADED_TABLE);
+  lua_getfield(L, 2, name);  /* LOADED[name] */
   if (lua_toboolean(L, -1))  /* is it there? */
     return 1;  /* package is already loaded */
   /* else must load package */
   lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove 'getfield' result */
   findloader(L, name);
-  lua_pushstring(L, name);  /* pass name as argument to module loader */
-  lua_insert(L, -2);  /* name is 1st argument (before search data) */
+  lua_rotate(L, -2, 1);  /* function <-> loader data */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* name is 1st argument to module loader */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -3);  /* loader data is 2nd argument */
+  /* stack: ...; loader data; loader function; mod. name; loader data */
   lua_call(L, 2, 1);  /* run loader to load module */
+  /* stack: ...; loader data; result from loader */
   if (!lua_isnil(L, -1))  /* non-nil return? */
-    lua_setfield(L, 2, name);  /* _LOADED[name] = returned value */
-  lua_getfield(L, 2, name);
-  if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {   /* module did not set a value? */
+    lua_setfield(L, 2, name);  /* LOADED[name] = returned value */
+  else
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop nil */
+  if (lua_getfield(L, 2, name) == LUA_TNIL) {   /* module set no value? */
     lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* use true as result */
-    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* extra copy to be returned */
-    lua_setfield(L, 2, name);  /* _LOADED[name] = true */
+    lua_copy(L, -1, -2);  /* replace loader result */
+    lua_setfield(L, 2, name);  /* LOADED[name] = true */
   }
-  return 1;
+  lua_rotate(L, -2, 1);  /* loader data <-> module result  */
+  return 2;  /* return module result and loader data */
 }
 
 /* }====================================================== */
 
 
 
-/*
-** {======================================================
-** 'module' function
-** =======================================================
-*/
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)
-
-/*
-** changes the environment variable of calling function
-*/
-static void set_env (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_Debug ar;
-  if (lua_getstack(L, 1, &ar) == 0 ||
-      lua_getinfo(L, "f", &ar) == 0 ||  /* get calling function */
-      lua_iscfunction(L, -1))
-    luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("module") " not called from a Lua function");
-  lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* copy new environment table to top */
-  lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1);
-  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove function */
-}
-
-
-static void dooptions (lua_State *L, int n) {
-  int i;
-  for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
-    if (lua_isfunction(L, i)) {  /* avoid 'calling' extra info. */
-      lua_pushvalue(L, i);  /* get option (a function) */
-      lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* module */
-      lua_call(L, 1, 0);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-
-static void modinit (lua_State *L, const char *modname) {
-  const char *dot;
-  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, "_M");  /* module._M = module */
-  lua_pushstring(L, modname);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, "_NAME");
-  dot = strrchr(modname, '.');  /* look for last dot in module name */
-  if (dot == NULL) dot = modname;
-  else dot++;
-  /* set _PACKAGE as package name (full module name minus last part) */
-  lua_pushlstring(L, modname, dot - modname);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, "_PACKAGE");
-}
-
-
-static int ll_module (lua_State *L) {
-  const char *modname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
-  int lastarg = lua_gettop(L);  /* last parameter */
-  luaL_pushmodule(L, modname, 1);  /* get/create module table */
-  /* check whether table already has a _NAME field */
-  lua_getfield(L, -1, "_NAME");
-  if (!lua_isnil(L, -1))  /* is table an initialized module? */
-    lua_pop(L, 1);
-  else {  /* no; initialize it */
-    lua_pop(L, 1);
-    modinit(L, modname);
-  }
-  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
-  set_env(L);
-  dooptions(L, lastarg);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
-static int ll_seeall (lua_State *L) {
-  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
-  if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
-    lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* create new metatable */
-    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
-    lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
-  }
-  lua_pushglobaltable(L);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index");  /* mt.__index = _G */
-  return 0;
-}
-
-#endif
-/* }====================================================== */
-
-
-
-/* auxiliary mark (for internal use) */
-#define AUXMARK		"\1"
-
-
-/*
-** return registry.LUA_NOENV as a boolean
-*/
-static int noenv (lua_State *L) {
-  int b;
-  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_NOENV");
-  b = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
-  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value */
-  return b;
-}
-
-
-static void setpath (lua_State *L, const char *fieldname, const char *envname1,
-                                   const char *envname2, const char *def) {
-  const char *path = getenv(envname1);
-  if (path == NULL)  /* no environment variable? */
-    path = getenv(envname2);  /* try alternative name */
-  if (path == NULL || noenv(L))  /* no environment variable? */
-    lua_pushstring(L, def);  /* use default */
-  else {
-    /* replace ";;" by ";AUXMARK;" and then AUXMARK by default path */
-    path = luaL_gsub(L, path, LUA_PATH_SEP LUA_PATH_SEP,
-                              LUA_PATH_SEP AUXMARK LUA_PATH_SEP);
-    luaL_gsub(L, path, AUXMARK, def);
-    lua_remove(L, -2);
-  }
-  setprogdir(L);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, fieldname);
-}
-
 
 static const luaL_Reg pk_funcs[] = {
   {"loadlib", ll_loadlib},
   {"searchpath", ll_searchpath},
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)
-  {"seeall", ll_seeall},
-#endif
+  /* placeholders */
+  {"preload", NULL},
+  {"cpath", NULL},
+  {"path", NULL},
+  {"searchers", NULL},
+  {"loaded", NULL},
   {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
 
 static const luaL_Reg ll_funcs[] = {
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)
-  {"module", ll_module},
-#endif
   {"require", ll_require},
   {NULL, NULL}
 };
 
 
 static void createsearcherstable (lua_State *L) {
-  static const lua_CFunction searchers[] =
-    {searcher_preload, searcher_Lua, searcher_C, searcher_Croot, NULL};
+  static const lua_CFunction searchers[] = {
+    searcher_preload,
+    searcher_Lua,
+    searcher_C,
+    searcher_Croot,
+    NULL
+  };
   int i;
   /* create 'searchers' table */
   lua_createtable(L, sizeof(searchers)/sizeof(searchers[0]) - 1, 0);
-  /* fill it with pre-defined searchers */
+  /* fill it with predefined searchers */
   for (i=0; searchers[i] != NULL; i++) {
     lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* set 'package' as upvalue for all searchers */
     lua_pushcclosure(L, searchers[i], 1);
     lua_rawseti(L, -2, i+1);
   }
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "searchers");  /* put it in field 'searchers' */
 }
 
 
 LUAMOD_API int luaopen_package (lua_State *L) {
-  /* create table CLIBS to keep track of loaded C libraries */
-  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);
-  lua_createtable(L, 0, 1);  /* metatable for CLIBS */
-  lua_pushcfunction(L, gctm);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__gc");  /* set finalizer for CLIBS table */
-  lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
-  /* create `package' table */
-  luaL_newlib(L, pk_funcs);
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);  /* create CLIBS table */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* will not use it now */
+  luaL_newlib(L, pk_funcs);  /* create 'package' table */
   createsearcherstable(L);
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOADERS)
-  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* make a copy of 'searchers' table */
-  lua_setfield(L, -3, "loaders");  /* put it in field `loaders' */
-#endif
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, "searchers");  /* put it in field 'searchers' */
-  /* set field 'path' */
-  setpath(L, "path", LUA_PATHVERSION, LUA_PATH, LUA_PATH_DEFAULT);
-  /* set field 'cpath' */
-  setpath(L, "cpath", LUA_CPATHVERSION, LUA_CPATH, LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT);
+  /* set paths */
+  setpath(L, "path", LUA_PATH_VAR, LUA_PATH_DEFAULT);
+  setpath(L, "cpath", LUA_CPATH_VAR, LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT);
   /* store config information */
   lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_DIRSEP "\n" LUA_PATH_SEP "\n" LUA_PATH_MARK "\n"
                      LUA_EXEC_DIR "\n" LUA_IGMARK "\n");
   lua_setfield(L, -2, "config");
-  /* set field `loaded' */
-  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED");
+  /* set field 'loaded' */
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_LOADED_TABLE);
   lua_setfield(L, -2, "loaded");
-  /* set field `preload' */
-  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_PRELOAD");
+  /* set field 'preload' */
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE);
   lua_setfield(L, -2, "preload");
   lua_pushglobaltable(L);
   lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* set 'package' as upvalue for next lib */

lobject.c

@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lobject.c,v 2.54 2011/11/30 12:44:26 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lobject.c $
 ** Some generic functions over Lua objects
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
+#define lobject_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <float.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <math.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#define lobject_c
-#define LUA_CORE
-
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "lctype.h"
@@ -24,36 +30,12 @@
 #include "lvm.h"
 
 
-
-LUAI_DDEF const TValue luaO_nilobject_ = {NILCONSTANT};
-
-
 /*
-** converts an integer to a "floating point byte", represented as
-** (eeeeexxx), where the real value is (1xxx) * 2^(eeeee - 1) if
-** eeeee != 0 and (xxx) otherwise.
+** Computes ceil(log2(x)), which is the smallest integer n such that
+** x <= (1 << n).
 */
-int luaO_int2fb (unsigned int x) {
-  int e = 0;  /* exponent */
-  if (x < 8) return x;
-  while (x >= 0x10) {
-    x = (x+1) >> 1;
-    e++;
-  }
-  return ((e+1) << 3) | (cast_int(x) - 8);
-}
-
-
-/* converts back */
-int luaO_fb2int (int x) {
-  int e = (x >> 3) & 0x1f;
-  if (e == 0) return x;
-  else return ((x & 7) + 8) << (e - 1);
-}
-
-
-int luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x) {
-  static const lu_byte log_2[256] = {
+lu_byte luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x) {
+  static const lu_byte log_2[256] = {  /* log_2[i - 1] = ceil(log2(i)) */
     0,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
     6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
     7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
@@ -66,33 +48,157 @@ int luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x) {
   int l = 0;
   x--;
   while (x >= 256) { l += 8; x >>= 8; }
-  return l + log_2[x];
+  return cast_byte(l + log_2[x]);
+}
+
+/*
+** Encodes 'p'% as a floating-point byte, represented as (eeeexxxx).
+** The exponent is represented using excess-7. Mimicking IEEE 754, the
+** representation normalizes the number when possible, assuming an extra
+** 1 before the mantissa (xxxx) and adding one to the exponent (eeee)
+** to signal that. So, the real value is (1xxxx) * 2^(eeee - 7 - 1) if
+** eeee != 0, and (xxxx) * 2^-7 otherwise (subnormal numbers).
+*/
+lu_byte luaO_codeparam (unsigned int p) {
+  if (p >= (cast(lu_mem, 0x1F) << (0xF - 7 - 1)) * 100u)  /* overflow? */
+    return 0xFF;  /* return maximum value */
+  else {
+    p = (cast(l_uint32, p) * 128 + 99) / 100;  /* round up the division */
+    if (p < 0x10) {  /* subnormal number? */
+      /* exponent bits are already zero; nothing else to do */
+      return cast_byte(p);
+    }
+    else {  /* p >= 0x10 implies ceil(log2(p + 1)) >= 5 */
+      /* preserve 5 bits in 'p' */
+      unsigned log = luaO_ceillog2(p + 1) - 5u;
+      return cast_byte(((p >> log) - 0x10) | ((log + 1) << 4));
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 
-lua_Number luaO_arith (int op, lua_Number v1, lua_Number v2) {
+/*
+** Computes 'p' times 'x', where 'p' is a floating-point byte. Roughly,
+** we have to multiply 'x' by the mantissa and then shift accordingly to
+** the exponent.  If the exponent is positive, both the multiplication
+** and the shift increase 'x', so we have to care only about overflows.
+** For negative exponents, however, multiplying before the shift keeps
+** more significant bits, as long as the multiplication does not
+** overflow, so we check which order is best.
+*/
+l_mem luaO_applyparam (lu_byte p, l_mem x) {
+  int m = p & 0xF;  /* mantissa */
+  int e = (p >> 4);  /* exponent */
+  if (e > 0) {  /* normalized? */
+    e--;  /* correct exponent */
+    m += 0x10;  /* correct mantissa; maximum value is 0x1F */
+  }
+  e -= 7;  /* correct excess-7 */
+  if (e >= 0) {
+    if (x < (MAX_LMEM / 0x1F) >> e)  /* no overflow? */
+      return (x * m) << e;  /* order doesn't matter here */
+    else  /* real overflow */
+      return MAX_LMEM;
+  }
+  else {  /* negative exponent */
+    e = -e;
+    if (x < MAX_LMEM / 0x1F)  /* multiplication cannot overflow? */
+      return (x * m) >> e;  /* multiplying first gives more precision */
+    else if ((x >> e) <  MAX_LMEM / 0x1F)  /* cannot overflow after shift? */
+      return (x >> e) * m;
+    else  /* real overflow */
+      return MAX_LMEM;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static lua_Integer intarith (lua_State *L, int op, lua_Integer v1,
+                                                   lua_Integer v2) {
   switch (op) {
-    case LUA_OPADD: return luai_numadd(NULL, v1, v2);
-    case LUA_OPSUB: return luai_numsub(NULL, v1, v2);
-    case LUA_OPMUL: return luai_nummul(NULL, v1, v2);
-    case LUA_OPDIV: return luai_numdiv(NULL, v1, v2);
-    case LUA_OPMOD: return luai_nummod(NULL, v1, v2);
-    case LUA_OPPOW: return luai_numpow(NULL, v1, v2);
-    case LUA_OPUNM: return luai_numunm(NULL, v1);
+    case LUA_OPADD: return intop(+, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPSUB:return intop(-, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPMUL:return intop(*, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPMOD: return luaV_mod(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPIDIV: return luaV_idiv(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPBAND: return intop(&, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPBOR: return intop(|, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPBXOR: return intop(^, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPSHL: return luaV_shiftl(v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPSHR: return luaV_shiftr(v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPUNM: return intop(-, 0, v1);
+    case LUA_OPBNOT: return intop(^, ~l_castS2U(0), v1);
     default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
   }
 }
 
 
-int luaO_hexavalue (int c) {
-  if (lisdigit(c)) return c - '0';
-  else return ltolower(c) - 'a' + 10;
+static lua_Number numarith (lua_State *L, int op, lua_Number v1,
+                                                  lua_Number v2) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case LUA_OPADD: return luai_numadd(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPSUB: return luai_numsub(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPMUL: return luai_nummul(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPDIV: return luai_numdiv(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPPOW: return luai_numpow(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPIDIV: return luai_numidiv(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPUNM: return luai_numunm(L, v1);
+    case LUA_OPMOD: return luaV_modf(L, v1, v2);
+    default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+  }
 }
 
 
-#if !defined(lua_strx2number)
+int luaO_rawarith (lua_State *L, int op, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                   TValue *res) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case LUA_OPBAND: case LUA_OPBOR: case LUA_OPBXOR:
+    case LUA_OPSHL: case LUA_OPSHR:
+    case LUA_OPBNOT: {  /* operate only on integers */
+      lua_Integer i1; lua_Integer i2;
+      if (tointegerns(p1, &i1) && tointegerns(p2, &i2)) {
+        setivalue(res, intarith(L, op, i1, i2));
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else return 0;  /* fail */
+    }
+    case LUA_OPDIV: case LUA_OPPOW: {  /* operate only on floats */
+      lua_Number n1; lua_Number n2;
+      if (tonumberns(p1, n1) && tonumberns(p2, n2)) {
+        setfltvalue(res, numarith(L, op, n1, n2));
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else return 0;  /* fail */
+    }
+    default: {  /* other operations */
+      lua_Number n1; lua_Number n2;
+      if (ttisinteger(p1) && ttisinteger(p2)) {
+        setivalue(res, intarith(L, op, ivalue(p1), ivalue(p2)));
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else if (tonumberns(p1, n1) && tonumberns(p2, n2)) {
+        setfltvalue(res, numarith(L, op, n1, n2));
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else return 0;  /* fail */
+    }
+  }
+}
 
-#include <math.h>
+
+void luaO_arith (lua_State *L, int op, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                 StkId res) {
+  if (!luaO_rawarith(L, op, p1, p2, s2v(res))) {
+    /* could not perform raw operation; try metamethod */
+    luaT_trybinTM(L, p1, p2, res, cast(TMS, (op - LUA_OPADD) + TM_ADD));
+  }
+}
+
+
+lu_byte luaO_hexavalue (int c) {
+  lua_assert(lisxdigit(c));
+  if (lisdigit(c)) return cast_byte(c - '0');
+  else return cast_byte((ltolower(c) - 'a') + 10);
+}
 
 
 static int isneg (const char **s) {
@@ -102,133 +208,454 @@ static int isneg (const char **s) {
 }
 
 
-static lua_Number readhexa (const char **s, lua_Number r, int *count) {
-  for (; lisxdigit(cast_uchar(**s)); (*s)++) {  /* read integer part */
-    r = (r * 16.0) + cast_num(luaO_hexavalue(cast_uchar(**s)));
-    (*count)++;
-  }
-  return r;
-}
-
 
 /*
-** convert an hexadecimal numeric string to a number, following
+** {==================================================================
+** Lua's implementation for 'lua_strx2number'
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#if !defined(lua_strx2number)
+
+/* maximum number of significant digits to read (to avoid overflows
+   even with single floats) */
+#define MAXSIGDIG	30
+
+/*
+** convert a hexadecimal numeric string to a number, following
 ** C99 specification for 'strtod'
 */
 static lua_Number lua_strx2number (const char *s, char **endptr) {
-  lua_Number r = 0.0;
-  int e = 0, i = 0;
-  int neg = 0;  /* 1 if number is negative */
-  *endptr = cast(char *, s);  /* nothing is valid yet */
+  int dot = lua_getlocaledecpoint();
+  lua_Number r = l_mathop(0.0);  /* result (accumulator) */
+  int sigdig = 0;  /* number of significant digits */
+  int nosigdig = 0;  /* number of non-significant digits */
+  int e = 0;  /* exponent correction */
+  int neg;  /* 1 if number is negative */
+  int hasdot = 0;  /* true after seen a dot */
+  *endptr = cast_charp(s);  /* nothing is valid yet */
   while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*s))) s++;  /* skip initial spaces */
-  neg = isneg(&s);  /* check signal */
+  neg = isneg(&s);  /* check sign */
   if (!(*s == '0' && (*(s + 1) == 'x' || *(s + 1) == 'X')))  /* check '0x' */
-    return 0.0;  /* invalid format (no '0x') */
-  s += 2;  /* skip '0x' */
-  r = readhexa(&s, r, &i);  /* read integer part */
-  if (*s == '.') {
-    s++;  /* skip dot */
-    r = readhexa(&s, r, &e);  /* read fractional part */
+    return l_mathop(0.0);  /* invalid format (no '0x') */
+  for (s += 2; ; s++) {  /* skip '0x' and read numeral */
+    if (*s == dot) {
+      if (hasdot) break;  /* second dot? stop loop */
+      else hasdot = 1;
+    }
+    else if (lisxdigit(cast_uchar(*s))) {
+      if (sigdig == 0 && *s == '0')  /* non-significant digit (zero)? */
+        nosigdig++;
+      else if (++sigdig <= MAXSIGDIG)  /* can read it without overflow? */
+          r = (r * l_mathop(16.0)) + luaO_hexavalue(*s);
+      else e++;  /* too many digits; ignore, but still count for exponent */
+      if (hasdot) e--;  /* decimal digit? correct exponent */
+    }
+    else break;  /* neither a dot nor a digit */
   }
-  if (i == 0 && e == 0)
-    return 0.0;  /* invalid format (no digit) */
-  e *= -4;  /* each fractional digit divides value by 2^-4 */
-  *endptr = cast(char *, s);  /* valid up to here */
+  if (nosigdig + sigdig == 0)  /* no digits? */
+    return l_mathop(0.0);  /* invalid format */
+  *endptr = cast_charp(s);  /* valid up to here */
+  e *= 4;  /* each digit multiplies/divides value by 2^4 */
   if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') {  /* exponent part? */
-    int exp1 = 0;
-    int neg1;
+    int exp1 = 0;  /* exponent value */
+    int neg1;  /* exponent sign */
     s++;  /* skip 'p' */
-    neg1 = isneg(&s);  /* signal */
+    neg1 = isneg(&s);  /* sign */
     if (!lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s)))
-      goto ret;  /* must have at least one digit */
+      return l_mathop(0.0);  /* invalid; must have at least one digit */
     while (lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s)))  /* read exponent */
       exp1 = exp1 * 10 + *(s++) - '0';
     if (neg1) exp1 = -exp1;
     e += exp1;
+    *endptr = cast_charp(s);  /* valid up to here */
   }
-  *endptr = cast(char *, s);  /* valid up to here */
- ret:
   if (neg) r = -r;
-  return ldexp(r, e);
+  return l_mathop(ldexp)(r, e);
 }
 
 #endif
+/* }====================================================== */
 
 
-int luaO_str2d (const char *s, size_t len, lua_Number *result) {
+/* maximum length of a numeral to be converted to a number */
+#if !defined (L_MAXLENNUM)
+#define L_MAXLENNUM	200
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Convert string 's' to a Lua number (put in 'result'). Return NULL on
+** fail or the address of the ending '\0' on success. ('mode' == 'x')
+** means a hexadecimal numeral.
+*/
+static const char *l_str2dloc (const char *s, lua_Number *result, int mode) {
   char *endptr;
-  if (strpbrk(s, "nN"))  /* reject 'inf' and 'nan' */
-    return 0;
-  else if (strpbrk(s, "xX"))  /* hexa? */
-    *result = lua_strx2number(s, &endptr);
+  *result = (mode == 'x') ? lua_strx2number(s, &endptr)  /* try to convert */
+                          : lua_str2number(s, &endptr);
+  if (endptr == s) return NULL;  /* nothing recognized? */
+  while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*endptr))) endptr++;  /* skip trailing spaces */
+  return (*endptr == '\0') ? endptr : NULL;  /* OK iff no trailing chars */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert string 's' to a Lua number (put in 'result') handling the
+** current locale.
+** This function accepts both the current locale or a dot as the radix
+** mark. If the conversion fails, it may mean number has a dot but
+** locale accepts something else. In that case, the code copies 's'
+** to a buffer (because 's' is read-only), changes the dot to the
+** current locale radix mark, and tries to convert again.
+** The variable 'mode' checks for special characters in the string:
+** - 'n' means 'inf' or 'nan' (which should be rejected)
+** - 'x' means a hexadecimal numeral
+** - '.' just optimizes the search for the common case (no special chars)
+*/
+static const char *l_str2d (const char *s, lua_Number *result) {
+  const char *endptr;
+  const char *pmode = strpbrk(s, ".xXnN");  /* look for special chars */
+  int mode = pmode ? ltolower(cast_uchar(*pmode)) : 0;
+  if (mode == 'n')  /* reject 'inf' and 'nan' */
+    return NULL;
+  endptr = l_str2dloc(s, result, mode);  /* try to convert */
+  if (endptr == NULL) {  /* failed? may be a different locale */
+    char buff[L_MAXLENNUM + 1];
+    const char *pdot = strchr(s, '.');
+    if (pdot == NULL || strlen(s) > L_MAXLENNUM)
+      return NULL;  /* string too long or no dot; fail */
+    strcpy(buff, s);  /* copy string to buffer */
+    buff[pdot - s] = lua_getlocaledecpoint();  /* correct decimal point */
+    endptr = l_str2dloc(buff, result, mode);  /* try again */
+    if (endptr != NULL)
+      endptr = s + (endptr - buff);  /* make relative to 's' */
+  }
+  return endptr;
+}
+
+
+#define MAXBY10		cast(lua_Unsigned, LUA_MAXINTEGER / 10)
+#define MAXLASTD	cast_int(LUA_MAXINTEGER % 10)
+
+static const char *l_str2int (const char *s, lua_Integer *result) {
+  lua_Unsigned a = 0;
+  int empty = 1;
+  int neg;
+  while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*s))) s++;  /* skip initial spaces */
+  neg = isneg(&s);
+  if (s[0] == '0' &&
+      (s[1] == 'x' || s[1] == 'X')) {  /* hex? */
+    s += 2;  /* skip '0x' */
+    for (; lisxdigit(cast_uchar(*s)); s++) {
+      a = a * 16 + luaO_hexavalue(*s);
+      empty = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  else {  /* decimal */
+    for (; lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s)); s++) {
+      int d = *s - '0';
+      if (a >= MAXBY10 && (a > MAXBY10 || d > MAXLASTD + neg))  /* overflow? */
+        return NULL;  /* do not accept it (as integer) */
+      a = a * 10 + cast_uint(d);
+      empty = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*s))) s++;  /* skip trailing spaces */
+  if (empty || *s != '\0') return NULL;  /* something wrong in the numeral */
+  else {
+    *result = l_castU2S((neg) ? 0u - a : a);
+    return s;
+  }
+}
+
+
+size_t luaO_str2num (const char *s, TValue *o) {
+  lua_Integer i; lua_Number n;
+  const char *e;
+  if ((e = l_str2int(s, &i)) != NULL) {  /* try as an integer */
+    setivalue(o, i);
+  }
+  else if ((e = l_str2d(s, &n)) != NULL) {  /* else try as a float */
+    setfltvalue(o, n);
+  }
   else
-    *result = lua_str2number(s, &endptr);
-  if (endptr == s) return 0;  /* nothing recognized */
-  while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*endptr))) endptr++;
-  return (endptr == s + len);  /* OK if no trailing characters */
+    return 0;  /* conversion failed */
+  return ct_diff2sz(e - s) + 1;  /* success; return string size */
+}
+
+
+int luaO_utf8esc (char *buff, l_uint32 x) {
+  int n = 1;  /* number of bytes put in buffer (backwards) */
+  lua_assert(x <= 0x7FFFFFFFu);
+  if (x < 0x80)  /* ASCII? */
+    buff[UTF8BUFFSZ - 1] = cast_char(x);
+  else {  /* need continuation bytes */
+    unsigned int mfb = 0x3f;  /* maximum that fits in first byte */
+    do {  /* add continuation bytes */
+      buff[UTF8BUFFSZ - (n++)] = cast_char(0x80 | (x & 0x3f));
+      x >>= 6;  /* remove added bits */
+      mfb >>= 1;  /* now there is one less bit available in first byte */
+    } while (x > mfb);  /* still needs continuation byte? */
+    buff[UTF8BUFFSZ - n] = cast_char((~mfb << 1) | x);  /* add first byte */
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** The size of the buffer for the conversion of a number to a string
+** 'LUA_N2SBUFFSZ' must be enough to accommodate both LUA_INTEGER_FMT
+** and LUA_NUMBER_FMT.  For a long long int, this is 19 digits plus a
+** sign and a final '\0', adding to 21. For a long double, it can go to
+** a sign, the dot, an exponent letter, an exponent sign, 4 exponent
+** digits, the final '\0', plus the significant digits, which are
+** approximately the *_DIG attribute.
+*/
+#if LUA_N2SBUFFSZ < (20 + l_floatatt(DIG))
+#error "invalid value for LUA_N2SBUFFSZ"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a float to a string, adding it to a buffer. First try with
+** a not too large number of digits, to avoid noise (for instance,
+** 1.1 going to "1.1000000000000001"). If that lose precision, so
+** that reading the result back gives a different number, then do the
+** conversion again with extra precision. Moreover, if the numeral looks
+** like an integer (without a decimal point or an exponent), add ".0" to
+** its end.
+*/
+static int tostringbuffFloat (lua_Number n, char *buff) {
+  /* first conversion */
+  int len = l_sprintf(buff, LUA_N2SBUFFSZ, LUA_NUMBER_FMT,
+                            (LUAI_UACNUMBER)n);
+  lua_Number check = lua_str2number(buff, NULL);  /* read it back */
+  if (check != n) {  /* not enough precision? */
+    /* convert again with more precision */
+    len = l_sprintf(buff, LUA_N2SBUFFSZ, LUA_NUMBER_FMT_N,
+                          (LUAI_UACNUMBER)n);
+  }
+  /* looks like an integer? */
+  if (buff[strspn(buff, "-0123456789")] == '\0') {
+    buff[len++] = lua_getlocaledecpoint();
+    buff[len++] = '0';  /* adds '.0' to result */
+  }
+  return len;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a number object to a string, adding it to a buffer.
+*/
+unsigned luaO_tostringbuff (const TValue *obj, char *buff) {
+  int len;
+  lua_assert(ttisnumber(obj));
+  if (ttisinteger(obj))
+    len = lua_integer2str(buff, LUA_N2SBUFFSZ, ivalue(obj));
+  else
+    len = tostringbuffFloat(fltvalue(obj), buff);
+  lua_assert(len < LUA_N2SBUFFSZ);
+  return cast_uint(len);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a number object to a Lua string, replacing the value at 'obj'
+*/
+void luaO_tostring (lua_State *L, TValue *obj) {
+  char buff[LUA_N2SBUFFSZ];
+  unsigned len = luaO_tostringbuff(obj, buff);
+  setsvalue(L, obj, luaS_newlstr(L, buff, len));
 }
 
 
 
-static void pushstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
-  setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, str, l));
-  incr_top(L);
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** 'luaO_pushvfstring'
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** Size for buffer space used by 'luaO_pushvfstring'. It should be
+** (LUA_IDSIZE + LUA_N2SBUFFSZ) + a minimal space for basic messages,
+** so that 'luaG_addinfo' can work directly on the static buffer.
+*/
+#define BUFVFS		cast_uint(LUA_IDSIZE + LUA_N2SBUFFSZ + 95)
+
+/*
+** Buffer used by 'luaO_pushvfstring'. 'err' signals an error while
+** building result (memory error [1] or buffer overflow [2]).
+*/
+typedef struct BuffFS {
+  lua_State *L;
+  char *b;
+  size_t buffsize;
+  size_t blen;  /* length of string in 'buff' */
+  int err;
+  char space[BUFVFS];  /* initial buffer */
+} BuffFS;
+
+
+static void initbuff (lua_State *L, BuffFS *buff) {
+  buff->L = L;
+  buff->b = buff->space;
+  buff->buffsize = sizeof(buff->space);
+  buff->blen = 0;
+  buff->err = 0;
 }
 
 
-/* this function handles only `%d', `%c', %f, %p, and `%s' formats */
+/*
+** Push final result from 'luaO_pushvfstring'. This function may raise
+** errors explicitly or through memory errors, so it must run protected.
+*/
+static void pushbuff (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  BuffFS *buff = cast(BuffFS*, ud);
+  switch (buff->err) {
+    case 1:  /* memory error */
+      luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM);
+      break;
+    case 2:  /* length overflow: Add "..." at the end of result */
+      if (buff->buffsize - buff->blen < 3)
+        strcpy(buff->b + buff->blen - 3, "...");  /* 'blen' must be > 3 */
+      else {  /* there is enough space left for the "..." */
+        strcpy(buff->b + buff->blen, "...");
+        buff->blen += 3;
+      }
+      /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    default: {  /* no errors, but it can raise one creating the new string */
+      TString *ts = luaS_newlstr(L, buff->b, buff->blen);
+      setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, ts);
+      L->top.p++;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *clearbuff (BuffFS *buff) {
+  lua_State *L = buff->L;
+  const char *res;
+  if (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, pushbuff, buff) != LUA_OK)  /* errors? */
+    res = NULL;  /* error message is on the top of the stack */
+  else
+    res = getstr(tsvalue(s2v(L->top.p - 1)));
+  if (buff->b != buff->space)  /* using dynamic buffer? */
+    luaM_freearray(L, buff->b, buff->buffsize);  /* free it */
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+static void addstr2buff (BuffFS *buff, const char *str, size_t slen) {
+  size_t left = buff->buffsize - buff->blen;  /* space left in the buffer */
+  if (buff->err)  /* do nothing else after an error */
+    return;
+  if (slen > left) {  /* new string doesn't fit into current buffer? */
+    if (slen > ((MAX_SIZE/2) - buff->blen)) {  /* overflow? */
+      memcpy(buff->b + buff->blen, str, left);  /* copy what it can */
+      buff->blen = buff->buffsize;
+      buff->err = 2;  /* doesn't add anything else */
+      return;
+    }
+    else {
+      size_t newsize = buff->buffsize + slen;  /* limited to MAX_SIZE/2 */
+      char *newb =
+        (buff->b == buff->space)  /* still using static space? */
+        ? luaM_reallocvector(buff->L, NULL, 0, newsize, char)
+        : luaM_reallocvector(buff->L, buff->b, buff->buffsize, newsize,
+                                                               char);
+      if (newb == NULL) {  /* allocation error? */
+        buff->err = 1;  /* signal a memory error */
+        return;
+      }
+      if (buff->b == buff->space)  /* new buffer (not reallocated)? */
+        memcpy(newb, buff->b, buff->blen);  /* copy previous content */
+      buff->b = newb;  /* set new (larger) buffer... */
+      buff->buffsize = newsize;  /* ...and its new size */
+    }
+  }
+  memcpy(buff->b + buff->blen, str, slen);  /* copy new content */
+  buff->blen += slen;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add a numeral to the buffer.
+*/
+static void addnum2buff (BuffFS *buff, TValue *num) {
+  char numbuff[LUA_N2SBUFFSZ];
+  unsigned len = luaO_tostringbuff(num, numbuff);
+  addstr2buff(buff, numbuff, len);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** this function handles only '%d', '%c', '%f', '%p', '%s', and '%%'
+   conventional formats, plus Lua-specific '%I' and '%U'
+*/
 const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, va_list argp) {
-  int n = 0;
-  for (;;) {
-    const char *e = strchr(fmt, '%');
-    if (e == NULL) break;
-    setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, fmt, e-fmt));
-    incr_top(L);
-    switch (*(e+1)) {
-      case 's': {
+  BuffFS buff;  /* holds last part of the result */
+  const char *e;  /* points to next '%' */
+  initbuff(L, &buff);
+  while ((e = strchr(fmt, '%')) != NULL) {
+    addstr2buff(&buff, fmt, ct_diff2sz(e - fmt));  /* add 'fmt' up to '%' */
+    switch (*(e + 1)) {  /* conversion specifier */
+      case 's': {  /* zero-terminated string */
         const char *s = va_arg(argp, char *);
         if (s == NULL) s = "(null)";
-        pushstr(L, s, strlen(s));
+        addstr2buff(&buff, s, strlen(s));
         break;
       }
-      case 'c': {
-        char buff;
-        buff = cast(char, va_arg(argp, int));
-        pushstr(L, &buff, 1);
+      case 'c': {  /* an 'int' as a character */
+        char c = cast_char(va_arg(argp, int));
+        addstr2buff(&buff, &c, sizeof(char));
         break;
       }
-      case 'd': {
-        setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(va_arg(argp, int)));
-        incr_top(L);
+      case 'd': {  /* an 'int' */
+        TValue num;
+        setivalue(&num, va_arg(argp, int));
+        addnum2buff(&buff, &num);
         break;
       }
-      case 'f': {
-        setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(va_arg(argp, l_uacNumber)));
-        incr_top(L);
+      case 'I': {  /* a 'lua_Integer' */
+        TValue num;
+        setivalue(&num, cast_Integer(va_arg(argp, l_uacInt)));
+        addnum2buff(&buff, &num);
         break;
       }
-      case 'p': {
-        char buff[4*sizeof(void *) + 8]; /* should be enough space for a `%p' */
-        int l = sprintf(buff, "%p", va_arg(argp, void *));
-        pushstr(L, buff, l);
+      case 'f': {  /* a 'lua_Number' */
+        TValue num;
+        setfltvalue(&num, cast_num(va_arg(argp, l_uacNumber)));
+        addnum2buff(&buff, &num);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'p': {  /* a pointer */
+        char bf[LUA_N2SBUFFSZ];  /* enough space for '%p' */
+        void *p = va_arg(argp, void *);
+        int len = lua_pointer2str(bf, LUA_N2SBUFFSZ, p);
+        addstr2buff(&buff, bf, cast_uint(len));
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'U': {  /* an 'unsigned long' as a UTF-8 sequence */
+        char bf[UTF8BUFFSZ];
+        unsigned long arg = va_arg(argp, unsigned long);
+        int len = luaO_utf8esc(bf, cast(l_uint32, arg));
+        addstr2buff(&buff, bf + UTF8BUFFSZ - len, cast_uint(len));
         break;
       }
       case '%': {
-        pushstr(L, "%", 1);
+        addstr2buff(&buff, "%", 1);
         break;
       }
       default: {
-        luaG_runerror(L,
-            "invalid option " LUA_QL("%%%c") " to " LUA_QL("lua_pushfstring"),
-            *(e + 1));
+        addstr2buff(&buff, e, 2);  /* keep unknown format in the result */
+        break;
       }
     }
-    n += 2;
-    fmt = e+2;
+    fmt = e + 2;  /* skip '%' and the specifier */
   }
-  pushstr(L, fmt, strlen(fmt));
-  if (n > 0) luaV_concat(L, n + 1);
-  return svalue(L->top - 1);
+  addstr2buff(&buff, fmt, strlen(fmt));  /* rest of 'fmt' */
+  return clearbuff(&buff);  /* empty buffer into a new string */
 }
 
 
@@ -238,12 +665,13 @@ const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
   va_start(argp, fmt);
   msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
   va_end(argp);
+  if (msg == NULL)  /* error? */
+    luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM);
   return msg;
 }
 
+/* }================================================================== */
 
-/* number of chars of a literal string without the ending \0 */
-#define LL(x)	(sizeof(x)/sizeof(char) - 1)
 
 #define RETS	"..."
 #define PRE	"[string \""
@@ -251,36 +679,37 @@ const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
 
 #define addstr(a,b,l)	( memcpy(a,b,(l) * sizeof(char)), a += (l) )
 
-void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t bufflen) {
-  size_t l = strlen(source);
+void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t srclen) {
+  size_t bufflen = LUA_IDSIZE;  /* free space in buffer */
   if (*source == '=') {  /* 'literal' source */
-    if (l <= bufflen)  /* small enough? */
-      memcpy(out, source + 1, l * sizeof(char));
+    if (srclen <= bufflen)  /* small enough? */
+      memcpy(out, source + 1, srclen * sizeof(char));
     else {  /* truncate it */
       addstr(out, source + 1, bufflen - 1);
       *out = '\0';
     }
   }
   else if (*source == '@') {  /* file name */
-    if (l <= bufflen)  /* small enough? */
-      memcpy(out, source + 1, l * sizeof(char));
+    if (srclen <= bufflen)  /* small enough? */
+      memcpy(out, source + 1, srclen * sizeof(char));
     else {  /* add '...' before rest of name */
       addstr(out, RETS, LL(RETS));
       bufflen -= LL(RETS);
-      memcpy(out, source + 1 + l - bufflen, bufflen * sizeof(char));
+      memcpy(out, source + 1 + srclen - bufflen, bufflen * sizeof(char));
     }
   }
   else {  /* string; format as [string "source"] */
     const char *nl = strchr(source, '\n');  /* find first new line (if any) */
     addstr(out, PRE, LL(PRE));  /* add prefix */
     bufflen -= LL(PRE RETS POS) + 1;  /* save space for prefix+suffix+'\0' */
-    if (l < bufflen && nl == NULL) {  /* small one-line source? */
-      addstr(out, source, l);  /* keep it */
+    if (srclen < bufflen && nl == NULL) {  /* small one-line source? */
+      addstr(out, source, srclen);  /* keep it */
     }
     else {
-      if (nl != NULL) l = nl - source;  /* stop at first newline */
-      if (l > bufflen) l = bufflen;
-      addstr(out, source, l);
+      if (nl != NULL)
+        srclen = ct_diff2sz(nl - source);  /* stop at first newline */
+      if (srclen > bufflen) srclen = bufflen;
+      addstr(out, source, srclen);
       addstr(out, RETS, LL(RETS));
     }
     memcpy(out, POS, (LL(POS) + 1) * sizeof(char));

lopcodes.c

@@ -1,107 +1,140 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lopcodes.c,v 1.48 2011/04/19 16:22:13 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lopcodes.c $
 ** Opcodes for Lua virtual machine
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
-
 #define lopcodes_c
 #define LUA_CORE
 
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
 
 #include "lopcodes.h"
 
 
+#define opmode(mm,ot,it,t,a,m)  \
+    (((mm) << 7) | ((ot) << 6) | ((it) << 5) | ((t) << 4) | ((a) << 3) | (m))
+
+
 /* ORDER OP */
 
-LUAI_DDEF const char *const luaP_opnames[NUM_OPCODES+1] = {
-  "MOVE",
-  "LOADK",
-  "LOADKX",
-  "LOADBOOL",
-  "LOADNIL",
-  "GETUPVAL",
-  "GETTABUP",
-  "GETTABLE",
-  "SETTABUP",
-  "SETUPVAL",
-  "SETTABLE",
-  "NEWTABLE",
-  "SELF",
-  "ADD",
-  "SUB",
-  "MUL",
-  "DIV",
-  "MOD",
-  "POW",
-  "UNM",
-  "NOT",
-  "LEN",
-  "CONCAT",
-  "JMP",
-  "EQ",
-  "LT",
-  "LE",
-  "TEST",
-  "TESTSET",
-  "CALL",
-  "TAILCALL",
-  "RETURN",
-  "FORLOOP",
-  "FORPREP",
-  "TFORCALL",
-  "TFORLOOP",
-  "SETLIST",
-  "CLOSURE",
-  "VARARG",
-  "EXTRAARG",
-  NULL
-};
-
-
-#define opmode(t,a,b,c,m) (((t)<<7) | ((a)<<6) | ((b)<<4) | ((c)<<2) | (m))
-
 LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES] = {
-/*       T  A    B       C     mode		   opcode	*/
-  opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC)		/* OP_MOVE */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgN, iABx)		/* OP_LOADK */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgN, OpArgN, iABx)		/* OP_LOADKX */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC)		/* OP_LOADBOOL */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC)		/* OP_LOADNIL */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC)		/* OP_GETUPVAL */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_GETTABUP */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_GETTABLE */
- ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_SETTABUP */
- ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC)		/* OP_SETUPVAL */
- ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_SETTABLE */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC)		/* OP_NEWTABLE */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_SELF */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_ADD */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_SUB */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_MUL */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_DIV */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_MOD */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_POW */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC)		/* OP_UNM */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC)		/* OP_NOT */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC)		/* OP_LEN */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgR, iABC)		/* OP_CONCAT */
- ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx)		/* OP_JMP */
- ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_EQ */
- ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_LT */
- ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC)		/* OP_LE */
- ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgN, OpArgU, iABC)		/* OP_TEST */
- ,opmode(1, 1, OpArgR, OpArgU, iABC)		/* OP_TESTSET */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC)		/* OP_CALL */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC)		/* OP_TAILCALL */
- ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC)		/* OP_RETURN */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx)		/* OP_FORLOOP */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx)		/* OP_FORPREP */
- ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgN, OpArgU, iABC)		/* OP_TFORCALL */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx)		/* OP_TFORLOOP */
- ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC)		/* OP_SETLIST */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABx)		/* OP_CLOSURE */
- ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC)		/* OP_VARARG */
- ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgU, iAx)		/* OP_EXTRAARG */
+/*       MM OT IT T  A  mode		   opcode  */
+  opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MOVE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iAsBx)		/* OP_LOADI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iAsBx)		/* OP_LOADF */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_LOADK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_LOADKX */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LOADFALSE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LFALSESKIP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LOADTRUE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LOADNIL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETTABUP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETFIELD */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETTABUP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETFIELD */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, ivABC)		/* OP_NEWTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SELF */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_ADDI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_ADDK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SUBK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MULK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MODK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_POWK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_DIVK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_IDIVK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BANDK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BORK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BXORK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHLI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHRI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_ADD */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SUB */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MUL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MOD */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_POW */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_DIV */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_IDIV */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BAND */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BOR */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BXOR */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHR */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBIN */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBINI */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBINK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_UNM */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BNOT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_NOT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LEN */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_CONCAT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_CLOSE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_TBC */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, isJ)		/* OP_JMP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_EQ */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_LT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_LE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_EQK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_EQI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_LTI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_LEI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_GTI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_GEI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_TEST */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, iABC)		/* OP_TESTSET */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, 1, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_CALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, 1, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_TAILCALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 1, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_RETURN */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_RETURN0 */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_RETURN1 */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_FORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_FORPREP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABx)		/* OP_TFORPREP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_TFORCALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_TFORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 1, 0, 0, ivABC)		/* OP_SETLIST */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_CLOSURE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_VARARG */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETVARG */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABx)		/* OP_ERRNNIL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 1, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_VARARGPREP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iAx)		/* OP_EXTRAARG */
 };
 
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether instruction sets top for next instruction, that is,
+** it results in multiple values.
+*/
+int luaP_isOT (Instruction i) {
+  OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+  switch (op) {
+    case OP_TAILCALL: return 1;
+    default:
+      return testOTMode(op) && GETARG_C(i) == 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether instruction uses top from previous instruction, that is,
+** it accepts multiple results.
+*/
+int luaP_isIT (Instruction i) {
+  OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+  switch (op) {
+    case OP_SETLIST:
+      return testITMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) && GETARG_vB(i) == 0;
+    default:
+      return testITMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) && GETARG_B(i) == 0;
+  }
+}
+

lopcodes.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lopcodes.h,v 1.141 2011/04/19 16:22:13 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lopcodes.h $
 ** Opcodes for Lua virtual machine
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -8,78 +8,116 @@
 #define lopcodes_h
 
 #include "llimits.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
 
 
 /*===========================================================================
-  We assume that instructions are unsigned numbers.
-  All instructions have an opcode in the first 6 bits.
-  Instructions can have the following fields:
-	`A' : 8 bits
-	`B' : 9 bits
-	`C' : 9 bits
-	'Ax' : 26 bits ('A', 'B', and 'C' together)
-	`Bx' : 18 bits (`B' and `C' together)
-	`sBx' : signed Bx
+  We assume that instructions are unsigned 32-bit integers.
+  All instructions have an opcode in the first 7 bits.
+  Instructions can have the following formats:
 
-  A signed argument is represented in excess K; that is, the number
-  value is the unsigned value minus K. K is exactly the maximum value
-  for that argument (so that -max is represented by 0, and +max is
-  represented by 2*max), which is half the maximum for the corresponding
-  unsigned argument.
+        3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+        1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
+iABC          C(8)     |      B(8)     |k|     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
+ivABC         vC(10)     |     vB(6)   |k|     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
+iABx                Bx(17)               |     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
+iAsBx              sBx (signed)(17)      |     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
+iAx                           Ax(25)                     |   Op(7)     |
+isJ                           sJ (signed)(25)            |   Op(7)     |
+
+  ('v' stands for "variant", 's' for "signed", 'x' for "extended".)
+  A signed argument is represented in excess K: The represented value is
+  the written unsigned value minus K, where K is half (rounded down) the
+  maximum value for the corresponding unsigned argument.
 ===========================================================================*/
 
 
-enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx};  /* basic instruction format */
+/* basic instruction formats */
+enum OpMode {iABC, ivABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};
 
 
 /*
 ** size and position of opcode arguments.
 */
-#define SIZE_C		9
-#define SIZE_B		9
-#define SIZE_Bx		(SIZE_C + SIZE_B)
+#define SIZE_C		8
+#define SIZE_vC		10
+#define SIZE_B		8
+#define SIZE_vB		6
+#define SIZE_Bx		(SIZE_C + SIZE_B + 1)
 #define SIZE_A		8
-#define SIZE_Ax		(SIZE_C + SIZE_B + SIZE_A)
+#define SIZE_Ax		(SIZE_Bx + SIZE_A)
+#define SIZE_sJ		(SIZE_Bx + SIZE_A)
 
-#define SIZE_OP		6
+#define SIZE_OP		7
 
 #define POS_OP		0
+
 #define POS_A		(POS_OP + SIZE_OP)
-#define POS_C		(POS_A + SIZE_A)
-#define POS_B		(POS_C + SIZE_C)
-#define POS_Bx		POS_C
+#define POS_k		(POS_A + SIZE_A)
+#define POS_B		(POS_k + 1)
+#define POS_vB		(POS_k + 1)
+#define POS_C		(POS_B + SIZE_B)
+#define POS_vC		(POS_vB + SIZE_vB)
+
+#define POS_Bx		POS_k
+
 #define POS_Ax		POS_A
 
+#define POS_sJ		POS_A
+
 
 /*
 ** limits for opcode arguments.
-** we use (signed) int to manipulate most arguments,
-** so they must fit in LUAI_BITSINT-1 bits (-1 for sign)
+** we use (signed) 'int' to manipulate most arguments,
+** so they must fit in ints.
 */
-#if SIZE_Bx < LUAI_BITSINT-1
-#define MAXARG_Bx        ((1<<SIZE_Bx)-1)
-#define MAXARG_sBx        (MAXARG_Bx>>1)         /* `sBx' is signed */
+
+/*
+** Check whether type 'int' has at least 'b' + 1 bits.
+** 'b' < 32; +1 for the sign bit.
+*/
+#define L_INTHASBITS(b)		((UINT_MAX >> (b)) >= 1)
+
+
+#if L_INTHASBITS(SIZE_Bx)
+#define MAXARG_Bx	((1<<SIZE_Bx)-1)
 #else
-#define MAXARG_Bx        MAX_INT
-#define MAXARG_sBx        MAX_INT
+#define MAXARG_Bx	INT_MAX
 #endif
 
-#if SIZE_Ax < LUAI_BITSINT-1
+#define OFFSET_sBx	(MAXARG_Bx>>1)         /* 'sBx' is signed */
+
+
+#if L_INTHASBITS(SIZE_Ax)
 #define MAXARG_Ax	((1<<SIZE_Ax)-1)
 #else
-#define MAXARG_Ax	MAX_INT
+#define MAXARG_Ax	INT_MAX
 #endif
 
+#if L_INTHASBITS(SIZE_sJ)
+#define MAXARG_sJ	((1 << SIZE_sJ) - 1)
+#else
+#define MAXARG_sJ	INT_MAX
+#endif
 
-#define MAXARG_A        ((1<<SIZE_A)-1)
-#define MAXARG_B        ((1<<SIZE_B)-1)
-#define MAXARG_C        ((1<<SIZE_C)-1)
+#define OFFSET_sJ	(MAXARG_sJ >> 1)
 
 
-/* creates a mask with `n' 1 bits at position `p' */
+#define MAXARG_A	((1<<SIZE_A)-1)
+#define MAXARG_B	((1<<SIZE_B)-1)
+#define MAXARG_vB	((1<<SIZE_vB)-1)
+#define MAXARG_C	((1<<SIZE_C)-1)
+#define MAXARG_vC	((1<<SIZE_vC)-1)
+#define OFFSET_sC	(MAXARG_C >> 1)
+
+#define int2sC(i)	((i) + OFFSET_sC)
+#define sC2int(i)	((i) - OFFSET_sC)
+
+
+/* creates a mask with 'n' 1 bits at position 'p' */
 #define MASK1(n,p)	((~((~(Instruction)0)<<(n)))<<(p))
 
-/* creates a mask with `n' 0 bits at position `p' */
+/* creates a mask with 'n' 0 bits at position 'p' */
 #define MASK0(n,p)	(~MASK1(n,p))
 
 /*
@@ -88,201 +126,314 @@ enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx};  /* basic instruction format */
 
 #define GET_OPCODE(i)	(cast(OpCode, ((i)>>POS_OP) & MASK1(SIZE_OP,0)))
 #define SET_OPCODE(i,o)	((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_OP,POS_OP)) | \
-		((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP)&MASK1(SIZE_OP,POS_OP))))
+		((cast_Inst(o)<<POS_OP)&MASK1(SIZE_OP,POS_OP))))
 
-#define getarg(i,pos,size)	(cast(int, ((i)>>pos) & MASK1(size,0)))
+#define checkopm(i,m)	(getOpMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == m)
+
+
+#define getarg(i,pos,size)	(cast_int(((i)>>(pos)) & MASK1(size,0)))
 #define setarg(i,v,pos,size)	((i) = (((i)&MASK0(size,pos)) | \
-                ((cast(Instruction, v)<<pos)&MASK1(size,pos))))
+                ((cast_Inst(v)<<pos)&MASK1(size,pos))))
 
 #define GETARG_A(i)	getarg(i, POS_A, SIZE_A)
 #define SETARG_A(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_A, SIZE_A)
 
-#define GETARG_B(i)	getarg(i, POS_B, SIZE_B)
+#define GETARG_B(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), getarg(i, POS_B, SIZE_B))
+#define GETARG_vB(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, ivABC), getarg(i, POS_vB, SIZE_vB))
+#define GETARG_sB(i)	sC2int(GETARG_B(i))
 #define SETARG_B(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_B, SIZE_B)
+#define SETARG_vB(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_vB, SIZE_vB)
 
-#define GETARG_C(i)	getarg(i, POS_C, SIZE_C)
+#define GETARG_C(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), getarg(i, POS_C, SIZE_C))
+#define GETARG_vC(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, ivABC), getarg(i, POS_vC, SIZE_vC))
+#define GETARG_sC(i)	sC2int(GETARG_C(i))
 #define SETARG_C(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_C, SIZE_C)
+#define SETARG_vC(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_vC, SIZE_vC)
 
-#define GETARG_Bx(i)	getarg(i, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx)
+#define TESTARG_k(i)	(cast_int(((i) & (1u << POS_k))))
+#define GETARG_k(i)	getarg(i, POS_k, 1)
+#define SETARG_k(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_k, 1)
+
+#define GETARG_Bx(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABx), getarg(i, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx))
 #define SETARG_Bx(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx)
 
-#define GETARG_Ax(i)	getarg(i, POS_Ax, SIZE_Ax)
+#define GETARG_Ax(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iAx), getarg(i, POS_Ax, SIZE_Ax))
 #define SETARG_Ax(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_Ax, SIZE_Ax)
 
-#define GETARG_sBx(i)	(GETARG_Bx(i)-MAXARG_sBx)
-#define SETARG_sBx(i,b)	SETARG_Bx((i),cast(unsigned int, (b)+MAXARG_sBx))
+#define GETARG_sBx(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, iAsBx), getarg(i, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx) - OFFSET_sBx)
+#define SETARG_sBx(i,b)	SETARG_Bx((i),cast_uint((b)+OFFSET_sBx))
+
+#define GETARG_sJ(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, isJ), getarg(i, POS_sJ, SIZE_sJ) - OFFSET_sJ)
+#define SETARG_sJ(i,j) \
+	setarg(i, cast_uint((j)+OFFSET_sJ), POS_sJ, SIZE_sJ)
 
 
-#define CREATE_ABC(o,a,b,c)	((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_B) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, c)<<POS_C))
+#define CREATE_ABCk(o,a,b,c,k)	((cast_Inst(o)<<POS_OP) \
+			| (cast_Inst(a)<<POS_A) \
+			| (cast_Inst(b)<<POS_B) \
+			| (cast_Inst(c)<<POS_C) \
+			| (cast_Inst(k)<<POS_k))
 
-#define CREATE_ABx(o,a,bc)	((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, bc)<<POS_Bx))
+#define CREATE_vABCk(o,a,b,c,k)	((cast_Inst(o)<<POS_OP) \
+			| (cast_Inst(a)<<POS_A) \
+			| (cast_Inst(b)<<POS_vB) \
+			| (cast_Inst(c)<<POS_vC) \
+			| (cast_Inst(k)<<POS_k))
 
-#define CREATE_Ax(o,a)		((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
-			| (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_Ax))
+#define CREATE_ABx(o,a,bc)	((cast_Inst(o)<<POS_OP) \
+			| (cast_Inst(a)<<POS_A) \
+			| (cast_Inst(bc)<<POS_Bx))
+
+#define CREATE_Ax(o,a)		((cast_Inst(o)<<POS_OP) \
+			| (cast_Inst(a)<<POS_Ax))
+
+#define CREATE_sJ(o,j,k)	((cast_Inst(o) << POS_OP) \
+			| (cast_Inst(j) << POS_sJ) \
+			| (cast_Inst(k) << POS_k))
+
+
+#if !defined(MAXINDEXRK)  /* (for debugging only) */
+#define MAXINDEXRK	MAXARG_B
+#endif
 
 
 /*
-** Macros to operate RK indices
+** Maximum size for the stack of a Lua function. It must fit in 8 bits.
+** The highest valid register is one less than this value.
 */
-
-/* this bit 1 means constant (0 means register) */
-#define BITRK		(1 << (SIZE_B - 1))
-
-/* test whether value is a constant */
-#define ISK(x)		((x) & BITRK)
-
-/* gets the index of the constant */
-#define INDEXK(r)	((int)(r) & ~BITRK)
-
-#define MAXINDEXRK	(BITRK - 1)
-
-/* code a constant index as a RK value */
-#define RKASK(x)	((x) | BITRK)
-
+#define MAX_FSTACK	MAXARG_A
 
 /*
-** invalid register that fits in 8 bits
+** Invalid register (one more than last valid register).
 */
-#define NO_REG		MAXARG_A
+#define NO_REG		MAX_FSTACK
+
 
 
 /*
-** R(x) - register
-** Kst(x) - constant (in constant table)
-** RK(x) == if ISK(x) then Kst(INDEXK(x)) else R(x)
+** R[x] - register
+** K[x] - constant (in constant table)
+** RK(x) == if k(i) then K[x] else R[x]
 */
 
 
 /*
-** grep "ORDER OP" if you change these enums
+** Grep "ORDER OP" if you change this enum.
+** See "Notes" below for more information about some instructions.
 */
 
 typedef enum {
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------
-name		args	description
+  name		args	description
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-OP_MOVE,/*	A B	R(A) := R(B)					*/
-OP_LOADK,/*	A Bx	R(A) := Kst(Bx)					*/
-OP_LOADKX,/*	A 	R(A) := Kst(extra arg)				*/
-OP_LOADBOOL,/*	A B C	R(A) := (Bool)B; if (C) pc++			*/
-OP_LOADNIL,/*	A B	R(A), R(A+1), ..., R(A+B) := nil		*/
-OP_GETUPVAL,/*	A B	R(A) := UpValue[B]				*/
+OP_MOVE,/*	A B	R[A] := R[B]					*/
+OP_LOADI,/*	A sBx	R[A] := sBx					*/
+OP_LOADF,/*	A sBx	R[A] := (lua_Number)sBx				*/
+OP_LOADK,/*	A Bx	R[A] := K[Bx]					*/
+OP_LOADKX,/*	A	R[A] := K[extra arg]				*/
+OP_LOADFALSE,/*	A	R[A] := false					*/
+OP_LFALSESKIP,/*A	R[A] := false; pc++				*/
+OP_LOADTRUE,/*	A	R[A] := true					*/
+OP_LOADNIL,/*	A B	R[A], R[A+1], ..., R[A+B] := nil		*/
+OP_GETUPVAL,/*	A B	R[A] := UpValue[B]				*/
+OP_SETUPVAL,/*	A B	UpValue[B] := R[A]				*/
 
-OP_GETTABUP,/*	A B C	R(A) := UpValue[B][RK(C)]			*/
-OP_GETTABLE,/*	A B C	R(A) := R(B)[RK(C)]				*/
+OP_GETTABUP,/*	A B C	R[A] := UpValue[B][K[C]:shortstring]		*/
+OP_GETTABLE,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B][R[C]]				*/
+OP_GETI,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B][C]					*/
+OP_GETFIELD,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B][K[C]:shortstring]			*/
 
-OP_SETTABUP,/*	A B C	UpValue[A][RK(B)] := RK(C)			*/
-OP_SETUPVAL,/*	A B	UpValue[B] := R(A)				*/
-OP_SETTABLE,/*	A B C	R(A)[RK(B)] := RK(C)				*/
+OP_SETTABUP,/*	A B C	UpValue[A][K[B]:shortstring] := RK(C)		*/
+OP_SETTABLE,/*	A B C	R[A][R[B]] := RK(C)				*/
+OP_SETI,/*	A B C	R[A][B] := RK(C)				*/
+OP_SETFIELD,/*	A B C	R[A][K[B]:shortstring] := RK(C)			*/
 
-OP_NEWTABLE,/*	A B C	R(A) := {} (size = B,C)				*/
+OP_NEWTABLE,/*	A vB vC k	R[A] := {}				*/
 
-OP_SELF,/*	A B C	R(A+1) := R(B); R(A) := R(B)[RK(C)]		*/
+OP_SELF,/*	A B C	R[A+1] := R[B]; R[A] := R[B][K[C]:shortstring]	*/
 
-OP_ADD,/*	A B C	R(A) := RK(B) + RK(C)				*/
-OP_SUB,/*	A B C	R(A) := RK(B) - RK(C)				*/
-OP_MUL,/*	A B C	R(A) := RK(B) * RK(C)				*/
-OP_DIV,/*	A B C	R(A) := RK(B) / RK(C)				*/
-OP_MOD,/*	A B C	R(A) := RK(B) % RK(C)				*/
-OP_POW,/*	A B C	R(A) := RK(B) ^ RK(C)				*/
-OP_UNM,/*	A B	R(A) := -R(B)					*/
-OP_NOT,/*	A B	R(A) := not R(B)				*/
-OP_LEN,/*	A B	R(A) := length of R(B)				*/
+OP_ADDI,/*	A B sC	R[A] := R[B] + sC				*/
 
-OP_CONCAT,/*	A B C	R(A) := R(B).. ... ..R(C)			*/
+OP_ADDK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] + K[C]:number			*/
+OP_SUBK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] - K[C]:number			*/
+OP_MULK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] * K[C]:number			*/
+OP_MODK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] % K[C]:number			*/
+OP_POWK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ^ K[C]:number			*/
+OP_DIVK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] / K[C]:number			*/
+OP_IDIVK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] // K[C]:number			*/
 
-OP_JMP,/*	A sBx	pc+=sBx; if (A) close all upvalues >= R(A) + 1	*/
-OP_EQ,/*	A B C	if ((RK(B) == RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++		*/
-OP_LT,/*	A B C	if ((RK(B) <  RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++		*/
-OP_LE,/*	A B C	if ((RK(B) <= RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++		*/
+OP_BANDK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] & K[C]:integer			*/
+OP_BORK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] | K[C]:integer			*/
+OP_BXORK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ~ K[C]:integer			*/
 
-OP_TEST,/*	A C	if not (R(A) <=> C) then pc++			*/
-OP_TESTSET,/*	A B C	if (R(B) <=> C) then R(A) := R(B) else pc++	*/
+OP_SHLI,/*	A B sC	R[A] := sC << R[B]				*/
+OP_SHRI,/*	A B sC	R[A] := R[B] >> sC				*/
 
-OP_CALL,/*	A B C	R(A), ... ,R(A+C-2) := R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1)) */
-OP_TAILCALL,/*	A B C	return R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1))		*/
-OP_RETURN,/*	A B	return R(A), ... ,R(A+B-2)	(see note)	*/
+OP_ADD,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] + R[C]				*/
+OP_SUB,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] - R[C]				*/
+OP_MUL,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] * R[C]				*/
+OP_MOD,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] % R[C]				*/
+OP_POW,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ^ R[C]				*/
+OP_DIV,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] / R[C]				*/
+OP_IDIV,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] // R[C]				*/
 
-OP_FORLOOP,/*	A sBx	R(A)+=R(A+2);
-			if R(A) <?= R(A+1) then { pc+=sBx; R(A+3)=R(A) }*/
-OP_FORPREP,/*	A sBx	R(A)-=R(A+2); pc+=sBx				*/
+OP_BAND,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] & R[C]				*/
+OP_BOR,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] | R[C]				*/
+OP_BXOR,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ~ R[C]				*/
+OP_SHL,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] << R[C]				*/
+OP_SHR,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] >> R[C]				*/
 
-OP_TFORCALL,/*	A C	R(A+3), ... ,R(A+2+C) := R(A)(R(A+1), R(A+2));	*/
-OP_TFORLOOP,/*	A sBx	if R(A+1) ~= nil then { R(A)=R(A+1); pc += sBx }*/
+OP_MMBIN,/*	A B C	call C metamethod over R[A] and R[B]		*/
+OP_MMBINI,/*	A sB C k	call C metamethod over R[A] and sB	*/
+OP_MMBINK,/*	A B C k		call C metamethod over R[A] and K[B]	*/
 
-OP_SETLIST,/*	A B C	R(A)[(C-1)*FPF+i] := R(A+i), 1 <= i <= B	*/
+OP_UNM,/*	A B	R[A] := -R[B]					*/
+OP_BNOT,/*	A B	R[A] := ~R[B]					*/
+OP_NOT,/*	A B	R[A] := not R[B]				*/
+OP_LEN,/*	A B	R[A] := #R[B] (length operator)			*/
 
-OP_CLOSURE,/*	A Bx	R(A) := closure(KPROTO[Bx])			*/
+OP_CONCAT,/*	A B	R[A] := R[A].. ... ..R[A + B - 1]		*/
 
-OP_VARARG,/*	A B	R(A), R(A+1), ..., R(A+B-2) = vararg		*/
+OP_CLOSE,/*	A	close all upvalues >= R[A]			*/
+OP_TBC,/*	A	mark variable A "to be closed"			*/
+OP_JMP,/*	sJ	pc += sJ					*/
+OP_EQ,/*	A B k	if ((R[A] == R[B]) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_LT,/*	A B k	if ((R[A] <  R[B]) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_LE,/*	A B k	if ((R[A] <= R[B]) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+
+OP_EQK,/*	A B k	if ((R[A] == K[B]) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_EQI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] == sB) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_LTI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] < sB) ~= k) then pc++			*/
+OP_LEI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] <= sB) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_GTI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] > sB) ~= k) then pc++			*/
+OP_GEI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] >= sB) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+
+OP_TEST,/*	A k	if (not R[A] == k) then pc++			*/
+OP_TESTSET,/*	A B k	if (not R[B] == k) then pc++ else R[A] := R[B]  */
+
+OP_CALL,/*	A B C	R[A], ... ,R[A+C-2] := R[A](R[A+1], ... ,R[A+B-1]) */
+OP_TAILCALL,/*	A B C k	return R[A](R[A+1], ... ,R[A+B-1])		*/
+
+OP_RETURN,/*	A B C k	return R[A], ... ,R[A+B-2]			*/
+OP_RETURN0,/*		return						*/
+OP_RETURN1,/*	A	return R[A]					*/
+
+OP_FORLOOP,/*	A Bx	update counters; if loop continues then pc-=Bx; */
+OP_FORPREP,/*	A Bx	<check values and prepare counters>;
+                        if not to run then pc+=Bx+1;			*/
+
+OP_TFORPREP,/*	A Bx	create upvalue for R[A + 3]; pc+=Bx		*/
+OP_TFORCALL,/*	A C	R[A+4], ... ,R[A+3+C] := R[A](R[A+1], R[A+2]);	*/
+OP_TFORLOOP,/*	A Bx	if R[A+2] ~= nil then { R[A]=R[A+2]; pc -= Bx }	*/
+
+OP_SETLIST,/*	A vB vC k	R[A][vC+i] := R[A+i], 1 <= i <= vB	*/
+
+OP_CLOSURE,/*	A Bx	R[A] := closure(KPROTO[Bx])			*/
+
+OP_VARARG,/*	A B C k	R[A], ..., R[A+C-2] = varargs  			*/
+
+OP_GETVARG, /* A B C	R[A] := R[B][R[C]], R[B] is vararg parameter    */
+
+OP_ERRNNIL,/*	A Bx	raise error if R[A] ~= nil (K[Bx - 1] is global name)*/
+
+OP_VARARGPREP,/* 	(adjust varargs)				*/
 
 OP_EXTRAARG/*	Ax	extra (larger) argument for previous opcode	*/
 } OpCode;
 
 
-#define NUM_OPCODES	(cast(int, OP_EXTRAARG) + 1)
+#define NUM_OPCODES	((int)(OP_EXTRAARG) + 1)
 
 
 
 /*===========================================================================
   Notes:
-  (*) In OP_CALL, if (B == 0) then B = top. If (C == 0), then `top' is
-  set to last_result+1, so next open instruction (OP_CALL, OP_RETURN,
-  OP_SETLIST) may use `top'.
 
-  (*) In OP_VARARG, if (B == 0) then use actual number of varargs and
-  set top (like in OP_CALL with C == 0).
+  (*) Opcode OP_LFALSESKIP is used to convert a condition to a boolean
+  value, in a code equivalent to (not cond ? false : true).  (It
+  produces false and skips the next instruction producing true.)
 
-  (*) In OP_RETURN, if (B == 0) then return up to `top'.
+  (*) Opcodes OP_MMBIN and variants follow each arithmetic and
+  bitwise opcode. If the operation succeeds, it skips this next
+  opcode. Otherwise, this opcode calls the corresponding metamethod.
 
-  (*) In OP_SETLIST, if (B == 0) then B = `top'; if (C == 0) then next
-  'instruction' is EXTRAARG(real C).
+  (*) Opcode OP_TESTSET is used in short-circuit expressions that need
+  both to jump and to produce a value, such as (a = b or c).
 
-  (*) In OP_LOADKX, the next 'instruction' is always EXTRAARG.
+  (*) In OP_CALL, if (B == 0) then B = top - A. If (C == 0), then
+  'top' is set to last_result+1, so next open instruction (OP_CALL,
+  OP_RETURN*, OP_SETLIST) may use 'top'.
 
-  (*) For comparisons, A specifies what condition the test should accept
+  (*) In OP_VARARG, if (C == 0) then use actual number of varargs and
+  set top (like in OP_CALL with C == 0). 'k' means function has a
+  vararg table, which is in R[B].
+
+  (*) In OP_RETURN, if (B == 0) then return up to 'top'.
+
+  (*) In OP_LOADKX and OP_NEWTABLE, the next instruction is always
+  OP_EXTRAARG.
+
+  (*) In OP_SETLIST, if (B == 0) then real B = 'top'; if k, then
+  real C = EXTRAARG _ C (the bits of EXTRAARG concatenated with the
+  bits of C).
+
+  (*) In OP_NEWTABLE, vB is log2 of the hash size (which is always a
+  power of 2) plus 1, or zero for size zero. If not k, the array size
+  is vC. Otherwise, the array size is EXTRAARG _ vC.
+
+  (*) In OP_ERRNNIL, (Bx == 0) means index of global name doesn't
+  fit in Bx. (So, that name is not available for the error message.)
+
+  (*) For comparisons, k specifies what condition the test should accept
   (true or false).
 
-  (*) All `skips' (pc++) assume that next instruction is a jump.
+  (*) In OP_MMBINI/OP_MMBINK, k means the arguments were flipped
+  (the constant is the first operand).
+
+  (*) All comparison and test instructions assume that the instruction
+  being skipped (pc++) is a jump.
+
+  (*) In instructions OP_RETURN/OP_TAILCALL, 'k' specifies that the
+  function builds upvalues, which may need to be closed. C > 0 means
+  the function has hidden vararg arguments, so that its 'func' must be
+  corrected before returning; in this case, (C - 1) is its number of
+  fixed parameters.
+
+  (*) In comparisons with an immediate operand, C signals whether the
+  original operand was a float. (It must be corrected in case of
+  metamethods.)
 
 ===========================================================================*/
 
 
 /*
 ** masks for instruction properties. The format is:
-** bits 0-1: op mode
-** bits 2-3: C arg mode
-** bits 4-5: B arg mode
-** bit 6: instruction set register A
-** bit 7: operator is a test (next instruction must be a jump)
+** bits 0-2: op mode
+** bit 3: instruction set register A
+** bit 4: operator is a test (next instruction must be a jump)
+** bit 5: instruction uses 'L->top' set by previous instruction (when B == 0)
+** bit 6: instruction sets 'L->top' for next instruction (when C == 0)
+** bit 7: instruction is an MM instruction (call a metamethod)
 */
 
-enum OpArgMask {
-  OpArgN,  /* argument is not used */
-  OpArgU,  /* argument is used */
-  OpArgR,  /* argument is a register or a jump offset */
-  OpArgK   /* argument is a constant or register/constant */
-};
+LUAI_DDEC(const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES];)
 
-LUAI_DDEC const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES];
-
-#define getOpMode(m)	(cast(enum OpMode, luaP_opmodes[m] & 3))
-#define getBMode(m)	(cast(enum OpArgMask, (luaP_opmodes[m] >> 4) & 3))
-#define getCMode(m)	(cast(enum OpArgMask, (luaP_opmodes[m] >> 2) & 3))
-#define testAMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 6))
-#define testTMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 7))
+#define getOpMode(m)	(cast(enum OpMode, luaP_opmodes[m] & 7))
+#define testAMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 3))
+#define testTMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 4))
+#define testITMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 5))
+#define testOTMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 6))
+#define testMMMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 7))
 
 
-LUAI_DDEC const char *const luaP_opnames[NUM_OPCODES+1];  /* opcode names */
-
-
-/* number of list items to accumulate before a SETLIST instruction */
-#define LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH	50
+LUAI_FUNC int luaP_isOT (Instruction i);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaP_isIT (Instruction i);
 
 
 #endif

lopnames.h

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lopnames.h $
+** Opcode names
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#if !defined(lopnames_h)
+#define lopnames_h
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+/* ORDER OP */
+
+static const char *const opnames[] = {
+  "MOVE",
+  "LOADI",
+  "LOADF",
+  "LOADK",
+  "LOADKX",
+  "LOADFALSE",
+  "LFALSESKIP",
+  "LOADTRUE",
+  "LOADNIL",
+  "GETUPVAL",
+  "SETUPVAL",
+  "GETTABUP",
+  "GETTABLE",
+  "GETI",
+  "GETFIELD",
+  "SETTABUP",
+  "SETTABLE",
+  "SETI",
+  "SETFIELD",
+  "NEWTABLE",
+  "SELF",
+  "ADDI",
+  "ADDK",
+  "SUBK",
+  "MULK",
+  "MODK",
+  "POWK",
+  "DIVK",
+  "IDIVK",
+  "BANDK",
+  "BORK",
+  "BXORK",
+  "SHLI",
+  "SHRI",
+  "ADD",
+  "SUB",
+  "MUL",
+  "MOD",
+  "POW",
+  "DIV",
+  "IDIV",
+  "BAND",
+  "BOR",
+  "BXOR",
+  "SHL",
+  "SHR",
+  "MMBIN",
+  "MMBINI",
+  "MMBINK",
+  "UNM",
+  "BNOT",
+  "NOT",
+  "LEN",
+  "CONCAT",
+  "CLOSE",
+  "TBC",
+  "JMP",
+  "EQ",
+  "LT",
+  "LE",
+  "EQK",
+  "EQI",
+  "LTI",
+  "LEI",
+  "GTI",
+  "GEI",
+  "TEST",
+  "TESTSET",
+  "CALL",
+  "TAILCALL",
+  "RETURN",
+  "RETURN0",
+  "RETURN1",
+  "FORLOOP",
+  "FORPREP",
+  "TFORPREP",
+  "TFORCALL",
+  "TFORLOOP",
+  "SETLIST",
+  "CLOSURE",
+  "VARARG",
+  "GETVARG",
+  "ERRNNIL",
+  "VARARGPREP",
+  "EXTRAARG",
+  NULL
+};
+
+#endif
+

loslib.c

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 /*
-** $Id: loslib.c,v 1.38 2011/11/30 12:35:05 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: loslib.c $
 ** Standard Operating System library
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
+#define loslib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <locale.h>
@@ -11,75 +16,135 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <time.h>
 
-#define loslib_c
-#define LUA_LIB
-
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
 /*
-** list of valid conversion specifiers for the 'strftime' function
+** {==================================================================
+** List of valid conversion specifiers for the 'strftime' function;
+** options are grouped by length; group of length 2 start with '||'.
+** ===================================================================
 */
-#if !defined(LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS)
-
-#if !defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
-#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS	{ "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYz%", "" }
-#else
-#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS \
-	{ "aAbBcCdDeFgGhHIjmMnprRStTuUVwWxXyYzZ%", "" \
-	  "", "E", "cCxXyY",  \
-	  "O", "deHImMSuUVwWy" }
-#endif
+#if !defined(LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS)	/* { */
 
+#if defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)
+#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS  "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYzZ%" \
+    "||" "#c#x#d#H#I#j#m#M#S#U#w#W#y#Y"  /* two-char options */
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_C89)  /* C89 (only 1-char options) */
+#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS  "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%"
+#else  /* C99 specification */
+#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS  "aAbBcCdDeFgGhHIjmMnprRStTuUVwWxXyYzZ%" \
+    "||" "EcECExEXEyEY" "OdOeOHOIOmOMOSOuOUOVOwOWOy"  /* two-char options */
 #endif
 
+#endif					/* } */
+/* }================================================================== */
 
 
 /*
-** By default, Lua uses tmpnam except when POSIX is available, where it
-** uses mkstemp.
+** {==================================================================
+** Configuration for time-related stuff
+** ===================================================================
 */
-#if defined(LUA_USE_MKSTEMP)
-#include <unistd.h>
-#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE	32
-#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { \
-        strcpy(b, "/tmp/lua_XXXXXX"); \
-        e = mkstemp(b); \
-        if (e != -1) close(e); \
-        e = (e == -1); }
 
-#elif !defined(lua_tmpnam)
+/*
+** type to represent time_t in Lua
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_NUMTIME)	/* { */
 
-#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE	L_tmpnam
-#define lua_tmpnam(b,e)		{ e = (tmpnam(b) == NULL); }
+#define l_timet			lua_Integer
+#define l_pushtime(L,t)		lua_pushinteger(L,(lua_Integer)(t))
+#define l_gettime(L,arg)	luaL_checkinteger(L, arg)
 
-#endif
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+#define l_timet			lua_Number
+#define l_pushtime(L,t)		lua_pushnumber(L,(lua_Number)(t))
+#define l_gettime(L,arg)	luaL_checknumber(L, arg)
+
+#endif				/* } */
 
 
+#if !defined(l_gmtime)		/* { */
 /*
 ** By default, Lua uses gmtime/localtime, except when POSIX is available,
 ** where it uses gmtime_r/localtime_r
 */
-#if defined(LUA_USE_GMTIME_R)
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
 
 #define l_gmtime(t,r)		gmtime_r(t,r)
 #define l_localtime(t,r)	localtime_r(t,r)
 
-#elif !defined(l_gmtime)
+#else				/* }{ */
 
-#define l_gmtime(t,r)		((void)r, gmtime(t))
-#define l_localtime(t,r)  	((void)r, localtime(t))
+/* ISO C definitions */
+#define l_gmtime(t,r)		((void)(r)->tm_sec, gmtime(t))
+#define l_localtime(t,r)	((void)(r)->tm_sec, localtime(t))
 
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Configuration for 'tmpnam':
+** By default, Lua uses tmpnam except when POSIX is available, where
+** it uses mkstemp.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_tmpnam)	/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE	32
+
+#if !defined(LUA_TMPNAMTEMPLATE)
+#define LUA_TMPNAMTEMPLATE	"/tmp/lua_XXXXXX"
 #endif
 
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { \
+        strcpy(b, LUA_TMPNAMTEMPLATE); \
+        e = mkstemp(b); \
+        if (e != -1) close(e); \
+        e = (e == -1); }
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+/* ISO C definitions */
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE	L_tmpnam
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e)		{ e = (tmpnam(b) == NULL); }
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+#if !defined(l_system)
+#if defined(LUA_USE_IOS)
+/* Despite claiming to be ISO C, iOS does not implement 'system'. */
+#define l_system(cmd) ((cmd) == NULL ? 0 : -1)
+#else
+#define l_system(cmd)	system(cmd)  /* default definition */
+#endif
+#endif
 
 
 static int os_execute (lua_State *L) {
   const char *cmd = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
-  int stat = system(cmd);
+  int stat;
+  errno = 0;
+  stat = l_system(cmd);
   if (cmd != NULL)
     return luaL_execresult(L, stat);
   else {
@@ -91,6 +156,7 @@ static int os_execute (lua_State *L) {
 
 static int os_remove (lua_State *L) {
   const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  errno = 0;
   return luaL_fileresult(L, remove(filename) == 0, filename);
 }
 
@@ -98,7 +164,8 @@ static int os_remove (lua_State *L) {
 static int os_rename (lua_State *L) {
   const char *fromname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
   const char *toname = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
-  return luaL_fileresult(L, rename(fromname, toname) == 0, fromname);
+  errno = 0;
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, rename(fromname, toname) == 0, NULL);
 }
 
 
@@ -106,7 +173,7 @@ static int os_tmpname (lua_State *L) {
   char buff[LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE];
   int err;
   lua_tmpnam(buff, err);
-  if (err)
+  if (l_unlikely(err))
     return luaL_error(L, "unable to generate a unique filename");
   lua_pushstring(L, buff);
   return 1;
@@ -133,11 +200,25 @@ static int os_clock (lua_State *L) {
 ** =======================================================
 */
 
-static void setfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) {
-  lua_pushinteger(L, value);
+/*
+** About the overflow check: an overflow cannot occur when time
+** is represented by a lua_Integer, because either lua_Integer is
+** large enough to represent all int fields or it is not large enough
+** to represent a time that cause a field to overflow.  However, if
+** times are represented as doubles and lua_Integer is int, then the
+** time 0x1.e1853b0d184f6p+55 would cause an overflow when adding 1900
+** to compute the year.
+*/
+static void setfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value, int delta) {
+  #if (defined(LUA_NUMTIME) && LUA_MAXINTEGER <= INT_MAX)
+    if (l_unlikely(value > LUA_MAXINTEGER - delta))
+      luaL_error(L, "field '%s' is out-of-bound", key);
+  #endif
+  lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)value + delta);
   lua_setfield(L, -2, key);
 }
 
+
 static void setboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) {
   if (value < 0)  /* undefined? */
     return;  /* does not set field */
@@ -145,45 +226,63 @@ static void setboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) {
   lua_setfield(L, -2, key);
 }
 
+
+/*
+** Set all fields from structure 'tm' in the table on top of the stack
+*/
+static void setallfields (lua_State *L, struct tm *stm) {
+  setfield(L, "year", stm->tm_year, 1900);
+  setfield(L, "month", stm->tm_mon, 1);
+  setfield(L, "day", stm->tm_mday, 0);
+  setfield(L, "hour", stm->tm_hour, 0);
+  setfield(L, "min", stm->tm_min, 0);
+  setfield(L, "sec", stm->tm_sec, 0);
+  setfield(L, "yday", stm->tm_yday, 1);
+  setfield(L, "wday", stm->tm_wday, 1);
+  setboolfield(L, "isdst", stm->tm_isdst);
+}
+
+
 static int getboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key) {
   int res;
-  lua_getfield(L, -1, key);
-  res = lua_isnil(L, -1) ? -1 : lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+  res = (lua_getfield(L, -1, key) == LUA_TNIL) ? -1 : lua_toboolean(L, -1);
   lua_pop(L, 1);
   return res;
 }
 
 
-static int getfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int d) {
-  int res, isnum;
-  lua_getfield(L, -1, key);
-  res = (int)lua_tointegerx(L, -1, &isnum);
-  if (!isnum) {
-    if (d < 0)
-      return luaL_error(L, "field " LUA_QS " missing in date table", key);
+static int getfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int d, int delta) {
+  int isnum;
+  int t = lua_getfield(L, -1, key);  /* get field and its type */
+  lua_Integer res = lua_tointegerx(L, -1, &isnum);
+  if (!isnum) {  /* field is not an integer? */
+    if (l_unlikely(t != LUA_TNIL))  /* some other value? */
+      return luaL_error(L, "field '%s' is not an integer", key);
+    else if (l_unlikely(d < 0))  /* absent field; no default? */
+      return luaL_error(L, "field '%s' missing in date table", key);
     res = d;
   }
+  else {
+    if (!(res >= 0 ? res - delta <= INT_MAX : INT_MIN + delta <= res))
+      return luaL_error(L, "field '%s' is out-of-bound", key);
+    res -= delta;
+  }
   lua_pop(L, 1);
-  return res;
+  return (int)res;
 }
 
 
-static const char *checkoption (lua_State *L, const char *conv, char *buff) {
-  static const char *const options[] = LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS;
-  unsigned int i;
-  for (i = 0; i < sizeof(options)/sizeof(options[0]); i += 2) {
-    if (*conv != '\0' && strchr(options[i], *conv) != NULL) {
-      buff[1] = *conv;
-      if (*options[i + 1] == '\0') {  /* one-char conversion specifier? */
-        buff[2] = '\0';  /* end buffer */
-        return conv + 1;
-      }
-      else if (*(conv + 1) != '\0' &&
-               strchr(options[i + 1], *(conv + 1)) != NULL) {
-        buff[2] = *(conv + 1);  /* valid two-char conversion specifier */
-        buff[3] = '\0';  /* end buffer */
-        return conv + 2;
-      }
+static const char *checkoption (lua_State *L, const char *conv,
+                                size_t convlen, char *buff) {
+  const char *option = LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS;
+  unsigned oplen = 1;  /* length of options being checked */
+  for (; *option != '\0' && oplen <= convlen; option += oplen) {
+    if (*option == '|')  /* next block? */
+      oplen++;  /* will check options with next length (+1) */
+    else if (memcmp(conv, option, oplen) == 0) {  /* match? */
+      memcpy(buff, conv, oplen);  /* copy valid option to buffer */
+      buff[oplen] = '\0';
+      return conv + oplen;  /* return next item */
     }
   }
   luaL_argerror(L, 1,
@@ -192,44 +291,52 @@ static const char *checkoption (lua_State *L, const char *conv, char *buff) {
 }
 
 
+static time_t l_checktime (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  l_timet t = l_gettime(L, arg);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, (time_t)t == t, arg, "time out-of-bounds");
+  return (time_t)t;
+}
+
+
+/* maximum size for an individual 'strftime' item */
+#define SIZETIMEFMT	250
+
+
 static int os_date (lua_State *L) {
-  const char *s = luaL_optstring(L, 1, "%c");
-  time_t t = luaL_opt(L, (time_t)luaL_checknumber, 2, time(NULL));
+  size_t slen;
+  const char *s = luaL_optlstring(L, 1, "%c", &slen);
+  time_t t = luaL_opt(L, l_checktime, 2, time(NULL));
+  const char *se = s + slen;  /* 's' end */
   struct tm tmr, *stm;
   if (*s == '!') {  /* UTC? */
     stm = l_gmtime(&t, &tmr);
-    s++;  /* skip `!' */
+    s++;  /* skip '!' */
   }
   else
     stm = l_localtime(&t, &tmr);
   if (stm == NULL)  /* invalid date? */
-    lua_pushnil(L);
-  else if (strcmp(s, "*t") == 0) {
+    return luaL_error(L,
+                 "date result cannot be represented in this installation");
+  if (strcmp(s, "*t") == 0) {
     lua_createtable(L, 0, 9);  /* 9 = number of fields */
-    setfield(L, "sec", stm->tm_sec);
-    setfield(L, "min", stm->tm_min);
-    setfield(L, "hour", stm->tm_hour);
-    setfield(L, "day", stm->tm_mday);
-    setfield(L, "month", stm->tm_mon+1);
-    setfield(L, "year", stm->tm_year+1900);
-    setfield(L, "wday", stm->tm_wday+1);
-    setfield(L, "yday", stm->tm_yday+1);
-    setboolfield(L, "isdst", stm->tm_isdst);
+    setallfields(L, stm);
   }
   else {
-    char cc[4];
+    char cc[4];  /* buffer for individual conversion specifiers */
     luaL_Buffer b;
     cc[0] = '%';
     luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
-    while (*s) {
-      if (*s != '%')  /* no conversion specifier? */
+    while (s < se) {
+      if (*s != '%')  /* not a conversion specifier? */
         luaL_addchar(&b, *s++);
       else {
         size_t reslen;
-        char buff[200];  /* should be big enough for any conversion result */
-        s = checkoption(L, s + 1, cc);
-        reslen = strftime(buff, sizeof(buff), cc, stm);
-        luaL_addlstring(&b, buff, reslen);
+        char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, SIZETIMEFMT);
+        s++;  /* skip '%' */
+        /* copy specifier to 'cc' */
+        s = checkoption(L, s, ct_diff2sz(se - s), cc + 1);
+        reslen = strftime(buff, SIZETIMEFMT, cc, stm);
+        luaL_addsize(&b, reslen);
       }
     }
     luaL_pushresult(&b);
@@ -246,26 +353,28 @@ static int os_time (lua_State *L) {
     struct tm ts;
     luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
     lua_settop(L, 1);  /* make sure table is at the top */
-    ts.tm_sec = getfield(L, "sec", 0);
-    ts.tm_min = getfield(L, "min", 0);
-    ts.tm_hour = getfield(L, "hour", 12);
-    ts.tm_mday = getfield(L, "day", -1);
-    ts.tm_mon = getfield(L, "month", -1) - 1;
-    ts.tm_year = getfield(L, "year", -1) - 1900;
+    ts.tm_year = getfield(L, "year", -1, 1900);
+    ts.tm_mon = getfield(L, "month", -1, 1);
+    ts.tm_mday = getfield(L, "day", -1, 0);
+    ts.tm_hour = getfield(L, "hour", 12, 0);
+    ts.tm_min = getfield(L, "min", 0, 0);
+    ts.tm_sec = getfield(L, "sec", 0, 0);
     ts.tm_isdst = getboolfield(L, "isdst");
     t = mktime(&ts);
+    setallfields(L, &ts);  /* update fields with normalized values */
   }
-  if (t == (time_t)(-1))
-    lua_pushnil(L);
-  else
-    lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)t);
+  if (t != (time_t)(l_timet)t || t == (time_t)(-1))
+    return luaL_error(L,
+                  "time result cannot be represented in this installation");
+  l_pushtime(L, t);
   return 1;
 }
 
 
 static int os_difftime (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_pushnumber(L, difftime((time_t)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)),
-                             (time_t)(luaL_optnumber(L, 2, 0))));
+  time_t t1 = l_checktime(L, 1);
+  time_t t2 = l_checktime(L, 2);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)difftime(t1, t2));
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -289,7 +398,7 @@ static int os_exit (lua_State *L) {
   if (lua_isboolean(L, 1))
     status = (lua_toboolean(L, 1) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
   else
-    status = luaL_optint(L, 1, EXIT_SUCCESS);
+    status = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 1, EXIT_SUCCESS);
   if (lua_toboolean(L, 2))
     lua_close(L);
   if (L) exit(status);  /* 'if' to avoid warnings for unreachable 'return' */

lparser.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lparser.h,v 1.69 2011/07/27 18:09:01 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lparser.h $
 ** Lua Parser
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -13,58 +13,128 @@
 
 
 /*
-** Expression descriptor
+** Expression and variable descriptor.
+** Code generation for variables and expressions can be delayed to allow
+** optimizations; An 'expdesc' structure describes a potentially-delayed
+** variable/expression. It has a description of its "main" value plus a
+** list of conditional jumps that can also produce its value (generated
+** by short-circuit operators 'and'/'or').
 */
 
+/* kinds of variables/expressions */
 typedef enum {
-  VVOID,	/* no value */
-  VNIL,
-  VTRUE,
-  VFALSE,
-  VK,		/* info = index of constant in `k' */
-  VKNUM,	/* nval = numerical value */
-  VNONRELOC,	/* info = result register */
-  VLOCAL,	/* info = local register */
-  VUPVAL,       /* info = index of upvalue in 'upvalues' */
-  VINDEXED,	/* t = table register/upvalue; idx = index R/K */
-  VJMP,		/* info = instruction pc */
-  VRELOCABLE,	/* info = instruction pc */
-  VCALL,	/* info = instruction pc */
-  VVARARG	/* info = instruction pc */
+  VVOID,  /* when 'expdesc' describes the last expression of a list,
+             this kind means an empty list (so, no expression) */
+  VNIL,  /* constant nil */
+  VTRUE,  /* constant true */
+  VFALSE,  /* constant false */
+  VK,  /* constant in 'k'; info = index of constant in 'k' */
+  VKFLT,  /* floating constant; nval = numerical float value */
+  VKINT,  /* integer constant; ival = numerical integer value */
+  VKSTR,  /* string constant; strval = TString address;
+             (string is fixed by the scanner) */
+  VNONRELOC,  /* expression has its value in a fixed register;
+                 info = result register */
+  VLOCAL,  /* local variable; var.ridx = register index;
+              var.vidx = relative index in 'actvar.arr'  */
+  VVARGVAR,  /* vararg parameter; var.ridx = register index;
+              var.vidx = relative index in 'actvar.arr'  */
+  VGLOBAL,  /* global variable;
+               info = relative index in 'actvar.arr' (or -1 for
+                      implicit declaration) */
+  VUPVAL,  /* upvalue variable; info = index of upvalue in 'upvalues' */
+  VCONST,  /* compile-time <const> variable;
+              info = absolute index in 'actvar.arr'  */
+  VINDEXED,  /* indexed variable;
+                ind.t = table register;
+                ind.idx = key's R index;
+                ind.ro = true if it represents a read-only global;
+                ind.keystr = if key is a string, index in 'k' of that string;
+                             -1 if key is not a string */
+  VVARGIND,  /* indexed vararg parameter;
+                ind.* as in VINDEXED */
+  VINDEXUP,  /* indexed upvalue;
+                ind.idx = key's K index;
+                ind.* as in VINDEXED */
+  VINDEXI, /* indexed variable with constant integer;
+                ind.t = table register;
+                ind.idx = key's value */
+  VINDEXSTR, /* indexed variable with literal string;
+                ind.idx = key's K index;
+                ind.* as in VINDEXED */
+  VJMP,  /* expression is a test/comparison;
+            info = pc of corresponding jump instruction */
+  VRELOC,  /* expression can put result in any register;
+              info = instruction pc */
+  VCALL,  /* expression is a function call; info = instruction pc */
+  VVARARG  /* vararg expression; info = instruction pc */
 } expkind;
 
 
-#define vkisvar(k)	(VLOCAL <= (k) && (k) <= VINDEXED)
-#define vkisinreg(k)	((k) == VNONRELOC || (k) == VLOCAL)
+#define vkisvar(k)	(VLOCAL <= (k) && (k) <= VINDEXSTR)
+#define vkisindexed(k)	(VINDEXED <= (k) && (k) <= VINDEXSTR)
+
 
 typedef struct expdesc {
   expkind k;
   union {
-    struct {  /* for indexed variables (VINDEXED) */
-      short idx;  /* index (R/K) */
-      lu_byte t;  /* table (register or upvalue) */
-      lu_byte vt;  /* whether 't' is register (VLOCAL) or upvalue (VUPVAL) */
-    } ind;
+    lua_Integer ival;    /* for VKINT */
+    lua_Number nval;  /* for VKFLT */
+    TString *strval;  /* for VKSTR */
     int info;  /* for generic use */
-    lua_Number nval;  /* for VKNUM */
+    struct {  /* for indexed variables */
+      short idx;  /* index (R or "long" K) */
+      lu_byte t;  /* table (register or upvalue) */
+      lu_byte ro;  /* true if variable is read-only */
+      int keystr;  /* index in 'k' of string key, or -1 if not a string */
+    } ind;
+    struct {  /* for local variables */
+      lu_byte ridx;  /* register holding the variable */
+      short vidx;  /* index in 'actvar.arr' */
+    } var;
   } u;
-  int t;  /* patch list of `exit when true' */
-  int f;  /* patch list of `exit when false' */
+  int t;  /* patch list of 'exit when true' */
+  int f;  /* patch list of 'exit when false' */
 } expdesc;
 
 
-/* description of active local variable */
-typedef struct Vardesc {
-  short idx;  /* variable index in stack */
+/* kinds of variables */
+#define VDKREG		0   /* regular local */
+#define RDKCONST	1   /* local constant */
+#define RDKVAVAR	2   /* vararg parameter */
+#define RDKTOCLOSE	3   /* to-be-closed */
+#define RDKCTC		4   /* local compile-time constant */
+#define GDKREG		5   /* regular global */
+#define GDKCONST	6   /* global constant */
+
+/* variables that live in registers */
+#define varinreg(v)	((v)->vd.kind <= RDKTOCLOSE)
+
+/* test for global variables */
+#define varglobal(v)	((v)->vd.kind >= GDKREG)
+
+
+/* description of an active variable */
+typedef union Vardesc {
+  struct {
+    TValuefields;  /* constant value (if it is a compile-time constant) */
+    lu_byte kind;
+    lu_byte ridx;  /* register holding the variable */
+    short pidx;  /* index of the variable in the Proto's 'locvars' array */
+    TString *name;  /* variable name */
+  } vd;
+  TValue k;  /* constant value (if any) */
 } Vardesc;
 
 
+
 /* description of pending goto statements and label statements */
 typedef struct Labeldesc {
   TString *name;  /* label identifier */
   int pc;  /* position in code */
   int line;  /* line where it appeared */
-  lu_byte nactvar;  /* local level where it appears in current block */
+  short nactvar;  /* number of active variables in that position */
+  lu_byte close;  /* true for goto that escapes upvalues */
 } Labeldesc;
 
 
@@ -78,7 +148,7 @@ typedef struct Labellist {
 
 /* dynamic structures used by the parser */
 typedef struct Dyndata {
-  struct {  /* list of active local variables */
+  struct {  /* list of all active local variables */
     Vardesc *arr;
     int n;
     int size;
@@ -95,25 +165,32 @@ struct BlockCnt;  /* defined in lparser.c */
 /* state needed to generate code for a given function */
 typedef struct FuncState {
   Proto *f;  /* current function header */
-  Table *h;  /* table to find (and reuse) elements in `k' */
   struct FuncState *prev;  /* enclosing function */
   struct LexState *ls;  /* lexical state */
   struct BlockCnt *bl;  /* chain of current blocks */
-  int pc;  /* next position to code (equivalent to `ncode') */
+  Table *kcache;  /* cache for reusing constants */
+  int pc;  /* next position to code (equivalent to 'ncode') */
   int lasttarget;   /* 'label' of last 'jump label' */
-  int jpc;  /* list of pending jumps to `pc' */
-  int nk;  /* number of elements in `k' */
-  int np;  /* number of elements in `p' */
+  int previousline;  /* last line that was saved in 'lineinfo' */
+  int nk;  /* number of elements in 'k' */
+  int np;  /* number of elements in 'p' */
+  int nabslineinfo;  /* number of elements in 'abslineinfo' */
   int firstlocal;  /* index of first local var (in Dyndata array) */
-  short nlocvars;  /* number of elements in 'f->locvars' */
-  lu_byte nactvar;  /* number of active local variables */
+  int firstlabel;  /* index of first label (in 'dyd->label->arr') */
+  short ndebugvars;  /* number of elements in 'f->locvars' */
+  short nactvar;  /* number of active variable declarations */
   lu_byte nups;  /* number of upvalues */
   lu_byte freereg;  /* first free register */
+  lu_byte iwthabs;  /* instructions issued since last absolute line info */
+  lu_byte needclose;  /* function needs to close upvalues when returning */
 } FuncState;
 
 
-LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff,
-                                Dyndata *dyd, const char *name, int firstchar);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaY_nvarstack (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaY_checklimit (FuncState *fs, int v, int l,
+                                const char *what);
+LUAI_FUNC LClosure *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff,
+                                 Dyndata *dyd, const char *name, int firstchar);
 
 
 #endif

lprefix.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lprefix.h $
+** Definitions for Lua code that must come before any other header file
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lprefix_h
+#define lprefix_h
+
+
+/*
+** Allows POSIX/XSI stuff
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)	/* { */
+
+#if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE)
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE           600
+#elif _XOPEN_SOURCE == 0
+#undef _XOPEN_SOURCE  /* use -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=0 to undefine it */
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Allows manipulation of large files in gcc and some other compilers
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_32BITS) && !defined(_FILE_OFFSET_BITS)
+#define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE       1
+#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS       64
+#endif
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** Windows stuff
+*/
+#if defined(_WIN32)	/* { */
+
+#if !defined(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS  /* avoid warnings about ISO C functions */
+#endif
+
+#endif			/* } */
+
+#endif
+

lstate.c

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lstate.c,v 2.97 2012/05/23 15:37:09 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lstate.c $
 ** Global State
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
+#define lstate_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
 
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#define lstate_c
-#define LUA_CORE
-
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "lapi.h"
@@ -26,136 +28,155 @@
 #include "ltm.h"
 
 
-#if !defined(LUAI_GCPAUSE)
-#define LUAI_GCPAUSE	200  /* 200% */
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(LUAI_GCMAJOR)
-#define LUAI_GCMAJOR	200  /* 200% */
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(LUAI_GCMUL)
-#define LUAI_GCMUL	200 /* GC runs 'twice the speed' of memory allocation */
-#endif
-
-
-#define MEMERRMSG	"not enough memory"
-
-
-/*
-** a macro to help the creation of a unique random seed when a state is
-** created; the seed is used to randomize hashes.
-*/
-#if !defined(luai_makeseed)
-#include <time.h>
-#define luai_makeseed()		cast(size_t, time(NULL))
-#endif
-
-
-
-/*
-** thread state + extra space
-*/
-typedef struct LX {
-#if defined(LUAI_EXTRASPACE)
-  char buff[LUAI_EXTRASPACE];
-#endif
-  lua_State l;
-} LX;
-
-
-/*
-** Main thread combines a thread state and the global state
-*/
-typedef struct LG {
-  LX l;
-  global_State g;
-} LG;
-
-
 
 #define fromstate(L)	(cast(LX *, cast(lu_byte *, (L)) - offsetof(LX, l)))
 
 
 /*
-** Compute an initial seed as random as possible. In ANSI, rely on
-** Address Space Layout Randomization (if present) to increase
-** randomness..
+** these macros allow user-specific actions when a thread is
+** created/deleted
 */
-#define addbuff(b,p,e) \
-  { size_t t = cast(size_t, e); \
-    memcpy(buff + p, &t, sizeof(t)); p += sizeof(t); }
+#if !defined(luai_userstateopen)
+#define luai_userstateopen(L)		((void)L)
+#endif
 
-static unsigned int makeseed (lua_State *L) {
-  char buff[4 * sizeof(size_t)];
-  unsigned int h = luai_makeseed();
-  int p = 0;
-  addbuff(buff, p, L);  /* heap variable */
-  addbuff(buff, p, &h);  /* local variable */
-  addbuff(buff, p, luaO_nilobject);  /* global variable */
-  addbuff(buff, p, &lua_newstate);  /* public function */
-  lua_assert(p == sizeof(buff));
-  return luaS_hash(buff, p, h);
-}
+#if !defined(luai_userstateclose)
+#define luai_userstateclose(L)		((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstatethread)
+#define luai_userstatethread(L,L1)	((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstatefree)
+#define luai_userstatefree(L,L1)	((void)L)
+#endif
 
 
 /*
-** set GCdebt to a new value keeping the value (totalbytes + GCdebt)
-** invariant
+** set GCdebt to a new value keeping the real number of allocated
+** objects (GCtotalobjs - GCdebt) invariant and avoiding overflows in
+** 'GCtotalobjs'.
 */
 void luaE_setdebt (global_State *g, l_mem debt) {
-  g->totalbytes -= (debt - g->GCdebt);
+  l_mem tb = gettotalbytes(g);
+  lua_assert(tb > 0);
+  if (debt > MAX_LMEM - tb)
+    debt = MAX_LMEM - tb;  /* will make GCtotalbytes == MAX_LMEM */
+  g->GCtotalbytes = tb + debt;
   g->GCdebt = debt;
 }
 
 
 CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L) {
-  CallInfo *ci = luaM_new(L, CallInfo);
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  lua_assert(L->ci->next == NULL);
+  ci = luaM_new(L, CallInfo);
   lua_assert(L->ci->next == NULL);
   L->ci->next = ci;
   ci->previous = L->ci;
   ci->next = NULL;
+  ci->u.l.trap = 0;
+  L->nci++;
   return ci;
 }
 
 
-void luaE_freeCI (lua_State *L) {
+/*
+** free all CallInfo structures not in use by a thread
+*/
+static void freeCI (lua_State *L) {
   CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
   CallInfo *next = ci->next;
   ci->next = NULL;
   while ((ci = next) != NULL) {
     next = ci->next;
     luaM_free(L, ci);
+    L->nci--;
   }
 }
 
 
+/*
+** free half of the CallInfo structures not in use by a thread,
+** keeping the first one.
+*/
+void luaE_shrinkCI (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci->next;  /* first free CallInfo */
+  CallInfo *next;
+  if (ci == NULL)
+    return;  /* no extra elements */
+  while ((next = ci->next) != NULL) {  /* two extra elements? */
+    CallInfo *next2 = next->next;  /* next's next */
+    ci->next = next2;  /* remove next from the list */
+    L->nci--;
+    luaM_free(L, next);  /* free next */
+    if (next2 == NULL)
+      break;  /* no more elements */
+    else {
+      next2->previous = ci;
+      ci = next2;  /* continue */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Called when 'getCcalls(L)' larger or equal to LUAI_MAXCCALLS.
+** If equal, raises an overflow error. If value is larger than
+** LUAI_MAXCCALLS (which means it is handling an overflow) but
+** not much larger, does not report an error (to allow overflow
+** handling to work).
+*/
+void luaE_checkcstack (lua_State *L) {
+  if (getCcalls(L) == LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+    luaG_runerror(L, "C stack overflow");
+  else if (getCcalls(L) >= (LUAI_MAXCCALLS / 10 * 11))
+    luaD_errerr(L);  /* error while handling stack error */
+}
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_incCstack (lua_State *L) {
+  L->nCcalls++;
+  if (l_unlikely(getCcalls(L) >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS))
+    luaE_checkcstack(L);
+}
+
+
+static void resetCI (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci = &L->base_ci;
+  ci->func.p = L->stack.p;
+  setnilvalue(s2v(ci->func.p));  /* 'function' entry for basic 'ci' */
+  ci->top.p = ci->func.p + 1 + LUA_MINSTACK;  /* +1 for 'function' entry */
+  ci->u.c.k = NULL;
+  ci->callstatus = CIST_C;
+  L->status = LUA_OK;
+  L->errfunc = 0;  /* stack unwind can "throw away" the error function */
+}
+
+
 static void stack_init (lua_State *L1, lua_State *L) {
-  int i; CallInfo *ci;
+  int i;
   /* initialize stack array */
-  L1->stack = luaM_newvector(L, BASIC_STACK_SIZE, TValue);
-  L1->stacksize = BASIC_STACK_SIZE;
-  for (i = 0; i < BASIC_STACK_SIZE; i++)
-    setnilvalue(L1->stack + i);  /* erase new stack */
-  L1->top = L1->stack;
-  L1->stack_last = L1->stack + L1->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK;
+  L1->stack.p = luaM_newvector(L, BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK, StackValue);
+  L1->tbclist.p = L1->stack.p;
+  for (i = 0; i < BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK; i++)
+    setnilvalue(s2v(L1->stack.p + i));  /* erase new stack */
+  L1->stack_last.p = L1->stack.p + BASIC_STACK_SIZE;
   /* initialize first ci */
-  ci = &L1->base_ci;
-  ci->next = ci->previous = NULL;
-  ci->callstatus = 0;
-  ci->func = L1->top;
-  setnilvalue(L1->top++);  /* 'function' entry for this 'ci' */
-  ci->top = L1->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
-  L1->ci = ci;
+  resetCI(L1);
+  L1->top.p = L1->stack.p + 1;  /* +1 for 'function' entry */
 }
 
 
 static void freestack (lua_State *L) {
-  if (L->stack == NULL)
+  if (L->stack.p == NULL)
     return;  /* stack not completely built yet */
   L->ci = &L->base_ci;  /* free the entire 'ci' list */
-  luaE_freeCI(L);
-  luaM_freearray(L, L->stack, L->stacksize);  /* free stack array */
+  freeCI(L);
+  lua_assert(L->nci == 0);
+  /* free stack */
+  luaM_freearray(L, L->stack.p, cast_sizet(stacksize(L) + EXTRA_STACK));
 }
 
 
@@ -163,85 +184,112 @@ static void freestack (lua_State *L) {
 ** Create registry table and its predefined values
 */
 static void init_registry (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
-  TValue mt;
   /* create registry */
+  TValue aux;
   Table *registry = luaH_new(L);
   sethvalue(L, &g->l_registry, registry);
   luaH_resize(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_LAST, 0);
+  /* registry[1] = false */
+  setbfvalue(&aux);
+  luaH_setint(L, registry, 1, &aux);
   /* registry[LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD] = L */
-  setthvalue(L, &mt, L);
-  luaH_setint(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD, &mt);
-  /* registry[LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS] = table of globals */
-  sethvalue(L, &mt, luaH_new(L));
-  luaH_setint(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS, &mt);
+  setthvalue(L, &aux, L);
+  luaH_setint(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD, &aux);
+  /* registry[LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS] = new table (table of globals) */
+  sethvalue(L, &aux, luaH_new(L));
+  luaH_setint(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS, &aux);
 }
 
 
 /*
-** open parts of the state that may cause memory-allocation errors
+** open parts of the state that may cause memory-allocation errors.
 */
 static void f_luaopen (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
   global_State *g = G(L);
   UNUSED(ud);
   stack_init(L, L);  /* init stack */
   init_registry(L, g);
-  luaS_resize(L, MINSTRTABSIZE);  /* initial size of string table */
+  luaS_init(L);
   luaT_init(L);
   luaX_init(L);
-  /* pre-create memory-error message */
-  g->memerrmsg = luaS_newliteral(L, MEMERRMSG);
-  luaS_fix(g->memerrmsg);  /* it should never be collected */
-  g->gcrunning = 1;  /* allow gc */
+  g->gcstp = 0;  /* allow gc */
+  setnilvalue(&g->nilvalue);  /* now state is complete */
+  luai_userstateopen(L);
 }
 
 
 /*
-** preinitialize a state with consistent values without allocating
+** preinitialize a thread with consistent values without allocating
 ** any memory (to avoid errors)
 */
-static void preinit_state (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+static void preinit_thread (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
   G(L) = g;
-  L->stack = NULL;
+  L->stack.p = NULL;
   L->ci = NULL;
-  L->stacksize = 0;
-  L->errorJmp = NULL;
+  L->nci = 0;
+  L->twups = L;  /* thread has no upvalues */
   L->nCcalls = 0;
+  L->errorJmp = NULL;
   L->hook = NULL;
   L->hookmask = 0;
   L->basehookcount = 0;
   L->allowhook = 1;
   resethookcount(L);
   L->openupval = NULL;
-  L->nny = 1;
   L->status = LUA_OK;
   L->errfunc = 0;
+  L->oldpc = 0;
+  L->base_ci.previous = L->base_ci.next = NULL;
+}
+
+
+lu_mem luaE_threadsize (lua_State *L) {
+  lu_mem sz = cast(lu_mem, sizeof(LX))
+            + cast_uint(L->nci) * sizeof(CallInfo);
+  if (L->stack.p != NULL)
+    sz += cast_uint(stacksize(L) + EXTRA_STACK) * sizeof(StackValue);
+  return sz;
 }
 
 
 static void close_state (lua_State *L) {
   global_State *g = G(L);
-  luaF_close(L, L->stack);  /* close all upvalues for this thread */
-  luaC_freeallobjects(L);  /* collect all objects */
-  luaM_freearray(L, G(L)->strt.hash, G(L)->strt.size);
-  luaZ_freebuffer(L, &g->buff);
+  if (!completestate(g))  /* closing a partially built state? */
+    luaC_freeallobjects(L);  /* just collect its objects */
+  else {  /* closing a fully built state */
+    resetCI(L);
+    luaD_closeprotected(L, 1, LUA_OK);  /* close all upvalues */
+    L->top.p = L->stack.p + 1;  /* empty the stack to run finalizers */
+    luaC_freeallobjects(L);  /* collect all objects */
+    luai_userstateclose(L);
+  }
+  luaM_freearray(L, G(L)->strt.hash, cast_sizet(G(L)->strt.size));
   freestack(L);
-  lua_assert(gettotalbytes(g) == sizeof(LG));
-  (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, fromstate(L), sizeof(LG), 0);  /* free main block */
+  lua_assert(gettotalbytes(g) == sizeof(global_State));
+  (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, g, sizeof(global_State), 0);  /* free main block */
 }
 
 
 LUA_API lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  GCObject *o;
   lua_State *L1;
   lua_lock(L);
   luaC_checkGC(L);
-  L1 = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(LX), NULL, offsetof(LX, l))->th;
-  setthvalue(L, L->top, L1);
+  /* create new thread */
+  o = luaC_newobjdt(L, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(LX), offsetof(LX, l));
+  L1 = gco2th(o);
+  /* anchor it on L stack */
+  setthvalue2s(L, L->top.p, L1);
   api_incr_top(L);
-  preinit_state(L1, G(L));
+  preinit_thread(L1, g);
   L1->hookmask = L->hookmask;
   L1->basehookcount = L->basehookcount;
   L1->hook = L->hook;
   resethookcount(L1);
+  /* initialize L1 extra space */
+  memcpy(lua_getextraspace(L1), lua_getextraspace(mainthread(g)),
+         LUA_EXTRASPACE);
   luai_userstatethread(L, L1);
   stack_init(L1, L);  /* init stack */
   lua_unlock(L);
@@ -251,7 +299,7 @@ LUA_API lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L) {
 
 void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) {
   LX *l = fromstate(L1);
-  luaF_close(L1, L1->stack);  /* close all upvalues for this thread */
+  luaF_closeupval(L1, L1->stack.p);  /* close all upvalues */
   lua_assert(L1->openupval == NULL);
   luai_userstatefree(L, L1);
   freestack(L1);
@@ -259,64 +307,114 @@ void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) {
 }
 
 
-LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
+TStatus luaE_resetthread (lua_State *L, TStatus status) {
+  resetCI(L);
+  if (status == LUA_YIELD)
+    status = LUA_OK;
+  status = luaD_closeprotected(L, 1, status);
+  if (status != LUA_OK)  /* errors? */
+    luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->stack.p + 1);
+  else
+    L->top.p = L->stack.p + 1;
+  luaD_reallocstack(L, cast_int(L->ci->top.p - L->stack.p), 0);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_closethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *from) {
+  TStatus status;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  L->nCcalls = (from) ? getCcalls(from) : 0;
+  status = luaE_resetthread(L, L->status);
+  if (L == from)  /* closing itself? */
+    luaD_throwbaselevel(L, status);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return APIstatus(status);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud, unsigned seed) {
   int i;
   lua_State *L;
-  global_State *g;
-  LG *l = cast(LG *, (*f)(ud, NULL, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(LG)));
-  if (l == NULL) return NULL;
-  L = &l->l.l;
-  g = &l->g;
-  L->next = NULL;
-  L->tt = LUA_TTHREAD;
-  g->currentwhite = bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, FIXEDBIT);
+  global_State *g = cast(global_State*,
+                       (*f)(ud, NULL, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(global_State)));
+  if (g == NULL) return NULL;
+  L = &g->mainth.l;
+  L->tt = LUA_VTHREAD;
+  g->currentwhite = bitmask(WHITE0BIT);
   L->marked = luaC_white(g);
-  g->gckind = KGC_NORMAL;
-  preinit_state(L, g);
+  preinit_thread(L, g);
+  g->allgc = obj2gco(L);  /* by now, only object is the main thread */
+  L->next = NULL;
+  incnny(L);  /* main thread is always non yieldable */
   g->frealloc = f;
   g->ud = ud;
-  g->mainthread = L;
-  g->seed = makeseed(L);
-  g->uvhead.u.l.prev = &g->uvhead;
-  g->uvhead.u.l.next = &g->uvhead;
-  g->gcrunning = 0;  /* no GC while building state */
-  g->GCestimate = 0;
-  g->strt.size = 0;
-  g->strt.nuse = 0;
+  g->warnf = NULL;
+  g->ud_warn = NULL;
+  g->seed = seed;
+  g->gcstp = GCSTPGC;  /* no GC while building state */
+  g->strt.size = g->strt.nuse = 0;
   g->strt.hash = NULL;
   setnilvalue(&g->l_registry);
-  luaZ_initbuffer(L, &g->buff);
   g->panic = NULL;
-  g->version = lua_version(NULL);
   g->gcstate = GCSpause;
-  g->allgc = NULL;
-  g->finobj = NULL;
-  g->tobefnz = NULL;
-  g->sweepgc = g->sweepfin = NULL;
+  g->gckind = KGC_INC;
+  g->gcstopem = 0;
+  g->gcemergency = 0;
+  g->finobj = g->tobefnz = g->fixedgc = NULL;
+  g->firstold1 = g->survival = g->old1 = g->reallyold = NULL;
+  g->finobjsur = g->finobjold1 = g->finobjrold = NULL;
+  g->sweepgc = NULL;
   g->gray = g->grayagain = NULL;
   g->weak = g->ephemeron = g->allweak = NULL;
-  g->totalbytes = sizeof(LG);
+  g->twups = NULL;
+  g->GCtotalbytes = sizeof(global_State);
+  g->GCmarked = 0;
   g->GCdebt = 0;
-  g->gcpause = LUAI_GCPAUSE;
-  g->gcmajorinc = LUAI_GCMAJOR;
-  g->gcstepmul = LUAI_GCMUL;
-  for (i=0; i < LUA_NUMTAGS; i++) g->mt[i] = NULL;
+  setivalue(&g->nilvalue, 0);  /* to signal that state is not yet built */
+  setgcparam(g, PAUSE, LUAI_GCPAUSE);
+  setgcparam(g, STEPMUL, LUAI_GCMUL);
+  setgcparam(g, STEPSIZE, LUAI_GCSTEPSIZE);
+  setgcparam(g, MINORMUL, LUAI_GENMINORMUL);
+  setgcparam(g, MINORMAJOR, LUAI_MINORMAJOR);
+  setgcparam(g, MAJORMINOR, LUAI_MAJORMINOR);
+  for (i=0; i < LUA_NUMTYPES; i++) g->mt[i] = NULL;
   if (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, f_luaopen, NULL) != LUA_OK) {
     /* memory allocation error: free partial state */
     close_state(L);
     L = NULL;
   }
-  else
-    luai_userstateopen(L);
   return L;
 }
 
 
 LUA_API void lua_close (lua_State *L) {
-  L = G(L)->mainthread;  /* only the main thread can be closed */
   lua_lock(L);
-  luai_userstateclose(L);
+  L = mainthread(G(L));  /* only the main thread can be closed */
   close_state(L);
 }
 
 
+void luaE_warning (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont) {
+  lua_WarnFunction wf = G(L)->warnf;
+  if (wf != NULL)
+    wf(G(L)->ud_warn, msg, tocont);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Generate a warning from an error message
+*/
+void luaE_warnerror (lua_State *L, const char *where) {
+  TValue *errobj = s2v(L->top.p - 1);  /* error object */
+  const char *msg = (ttisstring(errobj))
+                  ? getstr(tsvalue(errobj))
+                  : "error object is not a string";
+  /* produce warning "error in %s (%s)" (where, msg) */
+  luaE_warning(L, "error in ", 1);
+  luaE_warning(L, where, 1);
+  luaE_warning(L, " (", 1);
+  luaE_warning(L, msg, 1);
+  luaE_warning(L, ")", 0);
+}
+

lstate.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lstate.h,v 2.80 2012/05/22 17:50:39 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lstate.h $
 ** Global State
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -9,219 +9,442 @@
 
 #include "lua.h"
 
+
+/* Some header files included here need this definition */
+typedef struct CallInfo CallInfo;
+
+
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "ltm.h"
 #include "lzio.h"
 
 
 /*
-
-** Some notes about garbage-collected objects:  All objects in Lua must
-** be kept somehow accessible until being freed.
+** Some notes about garbage-collected objects: All objects in Lua must
+** be kept somehow accessible until being freed, so all objects always
+** belong to one (and only one) of these lists, using field 'next' of
+** the 'CommonHeader' for the link:
 **
-** Lua keeps most objects linked in list g->allgc. The link uses field
-** 'next' of the CommonHeader.
+** 'allgc': all objects not marked for finalization;
+** 'finobj': all objects marked for finalization;
+** 'tobefnz': all objects ready to be finalized;
+** 'fixedgc': all objects that are not to be collected (currently
+** only small strings, such as reserved words).
 **
-** Strings are kept in several lists headed by the array g->strt.hash.
+** For the generational collector, some of these lists have marks for
+** generations. Each mark points to the first element in the list for
+** that particular generation; that generation goes until the next mark.
 **
-** Open upvalues are not subject to independent garbage collection. They
-** are collected together with their respective threads. Lua keeps a
-** double-linked list with all open upvalues (g->uvhead) so that it can
-** mark objects referred by them. (They are always gray, so they must
-** be remarked in the atomic step. Usually their contents would be marked
-** when traversing the respective threads, but the thread may already be
-** dead, while the upvalue is still accessible through closures.)
+** 'allgc' -> 'survival': new objects;
+** 'survival' -> 'old': objects that survived one collection;
+** 'old1' -> 'reallyold': objects that became old in last collection;
+** 'reallyold' -> NULL: objects old for more than one cycle.
 **
-** Objects with finalizers are kept in the list g->finobj.
+** 'finobj' -> 'finobjsur': new objects marked for finalization;
+** 'finobjsur' -> 'finobjold1': survived   """";
+** 'finobjold1' -> 'finobjrold': just old  """";
+** 'finobjrold' -> NULL: really old       """".
 **
-** The list g->tobefnz links all objects being finalized.
-
+** All lists can contain elements older than their main ages, due
+** to 'luaC_checkfinalizer' and 'udata2finalize', which move
+** objects between the normal lists and the "marked for finalization"
+** lists. Moreover, barriers can age young objects in young lists as
+** OLD0, which then become OLD1. However, a list never contains
+** elements younger than their main ages.
+**
+** The generational collector also uses a pointer 'firstold1', which
+** points to the first OLD1 object in the list. It is used to optimize
+** 'markold'. (Potentially OLD1 objects can be anywhere between 'allgc'
+** and 'reallyold', but often the list has no OLD1 objects or they are
+** after 'old1'.) Note the difference between it and 'old1':
+** 'firstold1': no OLD1 objects before this point; there can be all
+**   ages after it.
+** 'old1': no objects younger than OLD1 after this point.
 */
 
+/*
+** Moreover, there is another set of lists that control gray objects.
+** These lists are linked by fields 'gclist'. (All objects that
+** can become gray have such a field. The field is not the same
+** in all objects, but it always has this name.)  Any gray object
+** must belong to one of these lists, and all objects in these lists
+** must be gray (with two exceptions explained below):
+**
+** 'gray': regular gray objects, still waiting to be visited.
+** 'grayagain': objects that must be revisited at the atomic phase.
+**   That includes
+**   - black objects got in a write barrier;
+**   - all kinds of weak tables during propagation phase;
+**   - all threads.
+** 'weak': tables with weak values to be cleared;
+** 'ephemeron': ephemeron tables with white->white entries;
+** 'allweak': tables with weak keys and/or weak values to be cleared.
+**
+** The exceptions to that "gray rule" are:
+** - TOUCHED2 objects in generational mode stay in a gray list (because
+** they must be visited again at the end of the cycle), but they are
+** marked black because assignments to them must activate barriers (to
+** move them back to TOUCHED1).
+** - Open upvalues are kept gray to avoid barriers, but they stay out
+** of gray lists. (They don't even have a 'gclist' field.)
+*/
+
+
+
+/*
+** About 'nCcalls':  This count has two parts: the lower 16 bits counts
+** the number of recursive invocations in the C stack; the higher
+** 16 bits counts the number of non-yieldable calls in the stack.
+** (They are together so that we can change and save both with one
+** instruction.)
+*/
+
+
+/* true if this thread does not have non-yieldable calls in the stack */
+#define yieldable(L)		(((L)->nCcalls & 0xffff0000) == 0)
+
+/* real number of C calls */
+#define getCcalls(L)	((L)->nCcalls & 0xffff)
+
+
+/* Increment the number of non-yieldable calls */
+#define incnny(L)	((L)->nCcalls += 0x10000)
+
+/* Decrement the number of non-yieldable calls */
+#define decnny(L)	((L)->nCcalls -= 0x10000)
+
+/* Non-yieldable call increment */
+#define nyci	(0x10000 | 1)
+
+
+
 
 struct lua_longjmp;  /* defined in ldo.c */
 
 
+/*
+** Atomic type (relative to signals) to better ensure that 'lua_sethook'
+** is thread safe
+*/
+#if !defined(l_signalT)
+#include <signal.h>
+#define l_signalT	sig_atomic_t
+#endif
 
-/* extra stack space to handle TM calls and some other extras */
+
+/*
+** Extra stack space to handle TM calls and some other extras. This
+** space is not included in 'stack_last'. It is used only to avoid stack
+** checks, either because the element will be promptly popped or because
+** there will be a stack check soon after the push. Function frames
+** never use this extra space, so it does not need to be kept clean.
+*/
 #define EXTRA_STACK   5
 
 
+/*
+** Size of cache for strings in the API. 'N' is the number of
+** sets (better be a prime) and "M" is the size of each set.
+** (M == 1 makes a direct cache.)
+*/
+#if !defined(STRCACHE_N)
+#define STRCACHE_N              53
+#define STRCACHE_M              2
+#endif
+
+
 #define BASIC_STACK_SIZE        (2*LUA_MINSTACK)
 
+#define stacksize(th)	cast_int((th)->stack_last.p - (th)->stack.p)
+
 
 /* kinds of Garbage Collection */
-#define KGC_NORMAL	0
-#define KGC_EMERGENCY	1	/* gc was forced by an allocation failure */
-#define KGC_GEN		2	/* generational collection */
+#define KGC_INC		0	/* incremental gc */
+#define KGC_GENMINOR	1	/* generational gc in minor (regular) mode */
+#define KGC_GENMAJOR	2	/* generational in major mode */
 
 
 typedef struct stringtable {
-  GCObject **hash;
-  lu_int32 nuse;  /* number of elements */
-  int size;
+  TString **hash;  /* array of buckets (linked lists of strings) */
+  int nuse;  /* number of elements */
+  int size;  /* number of buckets */
 } stringtable;
 
 
 /*
-** information about a call
+** Information about a call.
+** About union 'u':
+** - field 'l' is used only for Lua functions;
+** - field 'c' is used only for C functions.
+** About union 'u2':
+** - field 'funcidx' is used only by C functions while doing a
+** protected call;
+** - field 'nyield' is used only while a function is "doing" an
+** yield (from the yield until the next resume);
+** - field 'nres' is used only while closing tbc variables when
+** returning from a function;
 */
-typedef struct CallInfo {
-  StkId func;  /* function index in the stack */
-  StkId	top;  /* top for this function */
+struct CallInfo {
+  StkIdRel func;  /* function index in the stack */
+  StkIdRel top;  /* top for this function */
   struct CallInfo *previous, *next;  /* dynamic call link */
-  short nresults;  /* expected number of results from this function */
-  lu_byte callstatus;
-  ptrdiff_t extra;
   union {
     struct {  /* only for Lua functions */
-      StkId base;  /* base for this function */
       const Instruction *savedpc;
+      volatile l_signalT trap;  /* function is tracing lines/counts */
+      int nextraargs;  /* # of extra arguments in vararg functions */
     } l;
     struct {  /* only for C functions */
-      int ctx;  /* context info. in case of yields */
-      lua_CFunction k;  /* continuation in case of yields */
+      lua_KFunction k;  /* continuation in case of yields */
       ptrdiff_t old_errfunc;
-      lu_byte old_allowhook;
-      lu_byte status;
+      lua_KContext ctx;  /* context info. in case of yields */
     } c;
   } u;
-} CallInfo;
+  union {
+    int funcidx;  /* called-function index */
+    int nyield;  /* number of values yielded */
+    int nres;  /* number of values returned */
+  } u2;
+  l_uint32 callstatus;
+};
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum expected number of results from a function
+** (must fit in CIST_NRESULTS).
+*/
+#define MAXRESULTS	250
 
 
 /*
 ** Bits in CallInfo status
 */
-#define CIST_LUA	(1<<0)	/* call is running a Lua function */
-#define CIST_HOOKED	(1<<1)	/* call is running a debug hook */
-#define CIST_REENTRY	(1<<2)	/* call is running on same invocation of
-                                   luaV_execute of previous call */
-#define CIST_YIELDED	(1<<3)	/* call reentered after suspension */
-#define CIST_YPCALL	(1<<4)	/* call is a yieldable protected call */
-#define CIST_STAT	(1<<5)	/* call has an error status (pcall) */
-#define CIST_TAIL	(1<<6)	/* call was tail called */
-#define CIST_HOOKYIELD	(1<<7)	/* last hook called yielded */
+/* bits 0-7 are the expected number of results from this function + 1 */
+#define CIST_NRESULTS	0xffu
+
+/* bits 8-11 count call metamethods (and their extra arguments) */
+#define CIST_CCMT	8  /* the offset, not the mask */
+#define MAX_CCMT	(0xfu << CIST_CCMT)
+
+/* Bits 12-14 are used for CIST_RECST (see below) */
+#define CIST_RECST	12  /* the offset, not the mask */
+
+/* call is running a C function (still in first 16 bits) */
+#define CIST_C		(1u << (CIST_RECST + 3))
+/* call is on a fresh "luaV_execute" frame */
+#define CIST_FRESH	(cast(l_uint32, CIST_C) << 1)
+/* function is closing tbc variables */
+#define CIST_CLSRET	(CIST_FRESH << 1)
+/* function has tbc variables to close */
+#define CIST_TBC	(CIST_CLSRET << 1)
+/* original value of 'allowhook' */
+#define CIST_OAH	(CIST_TBC << 1)
+/* call is running a debug hook */
+#define CIST_HOOKED	(CIST_OAH << 1)
+/* doing a yieldable protected call */
+#define CIST_YPCALL	(CIST_HOOKED << 1)
+/* call was tail called */
+#define CIST_TAIL	(CIST_YPCALL << 1)
+/* last hook called yielded */
+#define CIST_HOOKYIELD	(CIST_TAIL << 1)
+/* function "called" a finalizer */
+#define CIST_FIN	(CIST_HOOKYIELD << 1)
 
 
-#define isLua(ci)	((ci)->callstatus & CIST_LUA)
+#define get_nresults(cs)  (cast_int((cs) & CIST_NRESULTS) - 1)
+
+/*
+** Field CIST_RECST stores the "recover status", used to keep the error
+** status while closing to-be-closed variables in coroutines, so that
+** Lua can correctly resume after an yield from a __close method called
+** because of an error.  (Three bits are enough for error status.)
+*/
+#define getcistrecst(ci)     (((ci)->callstatus >> CIST_RECST) & 7)
+#define setcistrecst(ci,st)  \
+  check_exp(((st) & 7) == (st),   /* status must fit in three bits */  \
+            ((ci)->callstatus = ((ci)->callstatus & ~(7u << CIST_RECST))  \
+                                | (cast(l_uint32, st) << CIST_RECST)))
+
+
+/* active function is a Lua function */
+#define isLua(ci)	(!((ci)->callstatus & CIST_C))
+
+/* call is running Lua code (not a hook) */
+#define isLuacode(ci)	(!((ci)->callstatus & (CIST_C | CIST_HOOKED)))
+
+
+#define setoah(ci,v)  \
+  ((ci)->callstatus = ((v) ? (ci)->callstatus | CIST_OAH  \
+                           : (ci)->callstatus & ~CIST_OAH))
+#define getoah(ci)  (((ci)->callstatus & CIST_OAH) ? 1 : 0)
 
 
 /*
-** `global state', shared by all threads of this state
+** 'per thread' state
+*/
+struct lua_State {
+  CommonHeader;
+  lu_byte allowhook;
+  TStatus status;
+  StkIdRel top;  /* first free slot in the stack */
+  struct global_State *l_G;
+  CallInfo *ci;  /* call info for current function */
+  StkIdRel stack_last;  /* end of stack (last element + 1) */
+  StkIdRel stack;  /* stack base */
+  UpVal *openupval;  /* list of open upvalues in this stack */
+  StkIdRel tbclist;  /* list of to-be-closed variables */
+  GCObject *gclist;
+  struct lua_State *twups;  /* list of threads with open upvalues */
+  struct lua_longjmp *errorJmp;  /* current error recover point */
+  CallInfo base_ci;  /* CallInfo for first level (C host) */
+  volatile lua_Hook hook;
+  ptrdiff_t errfunc;  /* current error handling function (stack index) */
+  l_uint32 nCcalls;  /* number of nested non-yieldable or C calls */
+  int oldpc;  /* last pc traced */
+  int nci;  /* number of items in 'ci' list */
+  int basehookcount;
+  int hookcount;
+  volatile l_signalT hookmask;
+  struct {  /* info about transferred values (for call/return hooks) */
+    int ftransfer;  /* offset of first value transferred */
+    int ntransfer;  /* number of values transferred */
+  } transferinfo;
+};
+
+
+/*
+** thread state + extra space
+*/
+typedef struct LX {
+  lu_byte extra_[LUA_EXTRASPACE];
+  lua_State l;
+} LX;
+
+
+/*
+** 'global state', shared by all threads of this state
 */
 typedef struct global_State {
   lua_Alloc frealloc;  /* function to reallocate memory */
-  void *ud;         /* auxiliary data to `frealloc' */
-  lu_mem totalbytes;  /* number of bytes currently allocated - GCdebt */
-  l_mem GCdebt;  /* bytes allocated not yet compensated by the collector */
-  lu_mem GCmemtrav;  /* memory traversed by the GC */
-  lu_mem GCestimate;  /* an estimate of the non-garbage memory in use */
+  void *ud;         /* auxiliary data to 'frealloc' */
+  l_mem GCtotalbytes;  /* number of bytes currently allocated + debt */
+  l_mem GCdebt;  /* bytes counted but not yet allocated */
+  l_mem GCmarked;  /* number of objects marked in a GC cycle */
+  l_mem GCmajorminor;  /* auxiliary counter to control major-minor shifts */
   stringtable strt;  /* hash table for strings */
   TValue l_registry;
+  TValue nilvalue;  /* a nil value */
   unsigned int seed;  /* randomized seed for hashes */
+  lu_byte gcparams[LUA_GCPN];
   lu_byte currentwhite;
   lu_byte gcstate;  /* state of garbage collector */
   lu_byte gckind;  /* kind of GC running */
-  lu_byte gcrunning;  /* true if GC is running */
-  int sweepstrgc;  /* position of sweep in `strt' */
+  lu_byte gcstopem;  /* stops emergency collections */
+  lu_byte gcstp;  /* control whether GC is running */
+  lu_byte gcemergency;  /* true if this is an emergency collection */
   GCObject *allgc;  /* list of all collectable objects */
+  GCObject **sweepgc;  /* current position of sweep in list */
   GCObject *finobj;  /* list of collectable objects with finalizers */
-  GCObject **sweepgc;  /* current position of sweep in list 'allgc' */
-  GCObject **sweepfin;  /* current position of sweep in list 'finobj' */
   GCObject *gray;  /* list of gray objects */
   GCObject *grayagain;  /* list of objects to be traversed atomically */
   GCObject *weak;  /* list of tables with weak values */
   GCObject *ephemeron;  /* list of ephemeron tables (weak keys) */
   GCObject *allweak;  /* list of all-weak tables */
   GCObject *tobefnz;  /* list of userdata to be GC */
-  UpVal uvhead;  /* head of double-linked list of all open upvalues */
-  Mbuffer buff;  /* temporary buffer for string concatenation */
-  int gcpause;  /* size of pause between successive GCs */
-  int gcmajorinc;  /* how much to wait for a major GC (only in gen. mode) */
-  int gcstepmul;  /* GC `granularity' */
+  GCObject *fixedgc;  /* list of objects not to be collected */
+  /* fields for generational collector */
+  GCObject *survival;  /* start of objects that survived one GC cycle */
+  GCObject *old1;  /* start of old1 objects */
+  GCObject *reallyold;  /* objects more than one cycle old ("really old") */
+  GCObject *firstold1;  /* first OLD1 object in the list (if any) */
+  GCObject *finobjsur;  /* list of survival objects with finalizers */
+  GCObject *finobjold1;  /* list of old1 objects with finalizers */
+  GCObject *finobjrold;  /* list of really old objects with finalizers */
+  struct lua_State *twups;  /* list of threads with open upvalues */
   lua_CFunction panic;  /* to be called in unprotected errors */
-  struct lua_State *mainthread;
-  const lua_Number *version;  /* pointer to version number */
-  TString *memerrmsg;  /* memory-error message */
+  TString *memerrmsg;  /* message for memory-allocation errors */
   TString *tmname[TM_N];  /* array with tag-method names */
-  struct Table *mt[LUA_NUMTAGS];  /* metatables for basic types */
+  struct Table *mt[LUA_NUMTYPES];  /* metatables for basic types */
+  TString *strcache[STRCACHE_N][STRCACHE_M];  /* cache for strings in API */
+  lua_WarnFunction warnf;  /* warning function */
+  void *ud_warn;         /* auxiliary data to 'warnf' */
+  LX mainth;  /* main thread of this state */
 } global_State;
 
 
-/*
-** `per thread' state
-*/
-struct lua_State {
-  CommonHeader;
-  lu_byte status;
-  StkId top;  /* first free slot in the stack */
-  global_State *l_G;
-  CallInfo *ci;  /* call info for current function */
-  const Instruction *oldpc;  /* last pc traced */
-  StkId stack_last;  /* last free slot in the stack */
-  StkId stack;  /* stack base */
-  int stacksize;
-  unsigned short nny;  /* number of non-yieldable calls in stack */
-  unsigned short nCcalls;  /* number of nested C calls */
-  lu_byte hookmask;
-  lu_byte allowhook;
-  int basehookcount;
-  int hookcount;
-  lua_Hook hook;
-  GCObject *openupval;  /* list of open upvalues in this stack */
-  GCObject *gclist;
-  struct lua_longjmp *errorJmp;  /* current error recover point */
-  ptrdiff_t errfunc;  /* current error handling function (stack index) */
-  CallInfo base_ci;  /* CallInfo for first level (C calling Lua) */
-};
-
-
 #define G(L)	(L->l_G)
+#define mainthread(G)	(&(G)->mainth.l)
+
+/*
+** 'g->nilvalue' being a nil value flags that the state was completely
+** build.
+*/
+#define completestate(g)	ttisnil(&g->nilvalue)
 
 
 /*
-** Union of all collectable objects
+** Union of all collectable objects (only for conversions)
+** ISO C99, 6.5.2.3 p.5:
+** "if a union contains several structures that share a common initial
+** sequence [...], and if the union object currently contains one
+** of these structures, it is permitted to inspect the common initial
+** part of any of them anywhere that a declaration of the complete type
+** of the union is visible."
 */
-union GCObject {
-  GCheader gch;  /* common header */
-  union TString ts;
-  union Udata u;
+union GCUnion {
+  GCObject gc;  /* common header */
+  struct TString ts;
+  struct Udata u;
   union Closure cl;
   struct Table h;
   struct Proto p;
-  struct UpVal uv;
   struct lua_State th;  /* thread */
+  struct UpVal upv;
 };
 
 
-#define gch(o)		(&(o)->gch)
+/*
+** ISO C99, 6.7.2.1 p.14:
+** "A pointer to a union object, suitably converted, points to each of
+** its members [...], and vice versa."
+*/
+#define cast_u(o)	cast(union GCUnion *, (o))
 
 /* macros to convert a GCObject into a specific value */
-#define rawgco2ts(o)  \
-	check_exp(novariant((o)->gch.tt) == LUA_TSTRING, &((o)->ts))
-#define gco2ts(o)	(&rawgco2ts(o)->tsv)
-#define rawgco2u(o)	check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUSERDATA, &((o)->u))
-#define gco2u(o)	(&rawgco2u(o)->uv)
-#define gco2lcl(o)	check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TLCL, &((o)->cl.l))
-#define gco2ccl(o)	check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TCCL, &((o)->cl.c))
+#define gco2ts(o)  \
+	check_exp(novariant((o)->tt) == LUA_TSTRING, &((cast_u(o))->ts))
+#define gco2u(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VUSERDATA, &((cast_u(o))->u))
+#define gco2lcl(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VLCL, &((cast_u(o))->cl.l))
+#define gco2ccl(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VCCL, &((cast_u(o))->cl.c))
 #define gco2cl(o)  \
-	check_exp(novariant((o)->gch.tt) == LUA_TFUNCTION, &((o)->cl))
-#define gco2t(o)	check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TTABLE, &((o)->h))
-#define gco2p(o)	check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TPROTO, &((o)->p))
-#define gco2uv(o)	check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUPVAL, &((o)->uv))
-#define gco2th(o)	check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TTHREAD, &((o)->th))
-
-/* macro to convert any Lua object into a GCObject */
-#define obj2gco(v)	(cast(GCObject *, (v)))
+	check_exp(novariant((o)->tt) == LUA_TFUNCTION, &((cast_u(o))->cl))
+#define gco2t(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VTABLE, &((cast_u(o))->h))
+#define gco2p(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VPROTO, &((cast_u(o))->p))
+#define gco2th(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VTHREAD, &((cast_u(o))->th))
+#define gco2upv(o)	check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VUPVAL, &((cast_u(o))->upv))
 
 
-/* actual number of total bytes allocated */
-#define gettotalbytes(g)	((g)->totalbytes + (g)->GCdebt)
+/*
+** macro to convert a Lua object into a GCObject
+*/
+#define obj2gco(v)  \
+	check_exp(novariant((v)->tt) >= LUA_TSTRING, &(cast_u(v)->gc))
+
+
+/* actual number of total memory allocated */
+#define gettotalbytes(g)	((g)->GCtotalbytes - (g)->GCdebt)
+
 
 LUAI_FUNC void luaE_setdebt (global_State *g, l_mem debt);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_mem luaE_threadsize (lua_State *L);
 LUAI_FUNC CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freeCI (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_shrinkCI (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_checkcstack (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_incCstack (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_warning (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_warnerror (lua_State *L, const char *where);
+LUAI_FUNC TStatus luaE_resetthread (lua_State *L, TStatus status);
 
 
 #endif

lstring.c

@@ -1,17 +1,21 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lstring.c,v 2.23 2012/03/28 18:28:25 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lstring.c $
 ** String table (keeps all strings handled by Lua)
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
-
-#include <string.h>
-
 #define lstring_c
 #define LUA_CORE
 
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
 #include "lua.h"
 
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
 #include "lmem.h"
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lstate.h"
@@ -19,134 +23,223 @@
 
 
 /*
-** Lua will use at most ~(2^LUAI_HASHLIMIT) bytes from a string to
-** compute its hash
+** Maximum size for string table.
 */
-#if !defined(LUAI_HASHLIMIT)
-#define LUAI_HASHLIMIT		5
+#define MAXSTRTB	cast_int(luaM_limitN(INT_MAX, TString*))
+
+/*
+** Initial size for the string table (must be power of 2).
+** The Lua core alone registers ~50 strings (reserved words +
+** metaevent keys + a few others). Libraries would typically add
+** a few dozens more.
+*/
+#if !defined(MINSTRTABSIZE)
+#define MINSTRTABSIZE   128
 #endif
 
 
 /*
-** equality for long strings
-*/
-int luaS_eqlngstr (TString *a, TString *b) {
-  size_t len = a->tsv.len;
-  lua_assert(a->tsv.tt == LUA_TLNGSTR && b->tsv.tt == LUA_TLNGSTR);
-  return (a == b) ||  /* same instance or... */
-    ((len == b->tsv.len) &&  /* equal length and ... */
-     (memcmp(getstr(a), getstr(b), len) == 0));  /* equal contents */
-}
-
-
-/*
-** equality for strings
+** generic equality for strings
 */
 int luaS_eqstr (TString *a, TString *b) {
-  return (a->tsv.tt == b->tsv.tt) &&
-         (a->tsv.tt == LUA_TSHRSTR ? eqshrstr(a, b) : luaS_eqlngstr(a, b));
+  size_t len1, len2;
+  const char *s1 = getlstr(a, len1);
+  const char *s2 = getlstr(b, len2);
+  return ((len1 == len2) &&  /* equal length and ... */
+          (memcmp(s1, s2, len1) == 0));  /* equal contents */
 }
 
 
-unsigned int luaS_hash (const char *str, size_t l, unsigned int seed) {
-  unsigned int h = seed ^ l;
-  size_t l1;
-  size_t step = (l >> LUAI_HASHLIMIT) + 1;
-  for (l1 = l; l1 >= step; l1 -= step)
-    h = h ^ ((h<<5) + (h>>2) + cast_byte(str[l1 - 1]));
+static unsigned luaS_hash (const char *str, size_t l, unsigned seed) {
+  unsigned int h = seed ^ cast_uint(l);
+  for (; l > 0; l--)
+    h ^= ((h<<5) + (h>>2) + cast_byte(str[l - 1]));
   return h;
 }
 
 
-/*
-** resizes the string table
-*/
-void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize) {
-  int i;
-  stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
-  /* cannot resize while GC is traversing strings */
-  luaC_runtilstate(L, ~bitmask(GCSsweepstring));
-  if (newsize > tb->size) {
-    luaM_reallocvector(L, tb->hash, tb->size, newsize, GCObject *);
-    for (i = tb->size; i < newsize; i++) tb->hash[i] = NULL;
+unsigned luaS_hashlongstr (TString *ts) {
+  lua_assert(ts->tt == LUA_VLNGSTR);
+  if (ts->extra == 0) {  /* no hash? */
+    size_t len = ts->u.lnglen;
+    ts->hash = luaS_hash(getlngstr(ts), len, ts->hash);
+    ts->extra = 1;  /* now it has its hash */
   }
-  /* rehash */
-  for (i=0; i<tb->size; i++) {
-    GCObject *p = tb->hash[i];
-    tb->hash[i] = NULL;
-    while (p) {  /* for each node in the list */
-      GCObject *next = gch(p)->next;  /* save next */
-      unsigned int h = lmod(gco2ts(p)->hash, newsize);  /* new position */
-      gch(p)->next = tb->hash[h];  /* chain it */
-      tb->hash[h] = p;
-      resetoldbit(p);  /* see MOVE OLD rule */
-      p = next;
+  return ts->hash;
+}
+
+
+static void tablerehash (TString **vect, int osize, int nsize) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = osize; i < nsize; i++)  /* clear new elements */
+    vect[i] = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < osize; i++) {  /* rehash old part of the array */
+    TString *p = vect[i];
+    vect[i] = NULL;
+    while (p) {  /* for each string in the list */
+      TString *hnext = p->u.hnext;  /* save next */
+      unsigned int h = lmod(p->hash, nsize);  /* new position */
+      p->u.hnext = vect[h];  /* chain it into array */
+      vect[h] = p;
+      p = hnext;
     }
   }
-  if (newsize < tb->size) {
-    /* shrinking slice must be empty */
-    lua_assert(tb->hash[newsize] == NULL && tb->hash[tb->size - 1] == NULL);
-    luaM_reallocvector(L, tb->hash, tb->size, newsize, GCObject *);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Resize the string table. If allocation fails, keep the current size.
+** (This can degrade performance, but any non-zero size should work
+** correctly.)
+*/
+void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int nsize) {
+  stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
+  int osize = tb->size;
+  TString **newvect;
+  if (nsize < osize)  /* shrinking table? */
+    tablerehash(tb->hash, osize, nsize);  /* depopulate shrinking part */
+  newvect = luaM_reallocvector(L, tb->hash, osize, nsize, TString*);
+  if (l_unlikely(newvect == NULL)) {  /* reallocation failed? */
+    if (nsize < osize)  /* was it shrinking table? */
+      tablerehash(tb->hash, nsize, osize);  /* restore to original size */
+    /* leave table as it was */
+  }
+  else {  /* allocation succeeded */
+    tb->hash = newvect;
+    tb->size = nsize;
+    if (nsize > osize)
+      tablerehash(newvect, osize, nsize);  /* rehash for new size */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Clear API string cache. (Entries cannot be empty, so fill them with
+** a non-collectable string.)
+*/
+void luaS_clearcache (global_State *g) {
+  int i, j;
+  for (i = 0; i < STRCACHE_N; i++)
+    for (j = 0; j < STRCACHE_M; j++) {
+      if (iswhite(g->strcache[i][j]))  /* will entry be collected? */
+        g->strcache[i][j] = g->memerrmsg;  /* replace it with something fixed */
+    }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Initialize the string table and the string cache
+*/
+void luaS_init (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  int i, j;
+  stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
+  tb->hash = luaM_newvector(L, MINSTRTABSIZE, TString*);
+  tablerehash(tb->hash, 0, MINSTRTABSIZE);  /* clear array */
+  tb->size = MINSTRTABSIZE;
+  /* pre-create memory-error message */
+  g->memerrmsg = luaS_newliteral(L, MEMERRMSG);
+  luaC_fix(L, obj2gco(g->memerrmsg));  /* it should never be collected */
+  for (i = 0; i < STRCACHE_N; i++)  /* fill cache with valid strings */
+    for (j = 0; j < STRCACHE_M; j++)
+      g->strcache[i][j] = g->memerrmsg;
+}
+
+
+size_t luaS_sizelngstr (size_t len, int kind) {
+  switch (kind) {
+    case LSTRREG:  /* regular long string */
+      /* don't need 'falloc'/'ud', but need space for content */
+      return offsetof(TString, falloc) + (len + 1) * sizeof(char);
+    case LSTRFIX:  /* fixed external long string */
+      /* don't need 'falloc'/'ud' */
+      return offsetof(TString, falloc);
+    default:  /* external long string with deallocation */
+      lua_assert(kind == LSTRMEM);
+      return sizeof(TString);
   }
-  tb->size = newsize;
 }
 
 
 /*
 ** creates a new string object
 */
-static TString *createstrobj (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l,
-                              int tag, unsigned int h, GCObject **list) {
+static TString *createstrobj (lua_State *L, size_t totalsize, lu_byte tag,
+                              unsigned h) {
   TString *ts;
-  size_t totalsize;  /* total size of TString object */
-  totalsize = sizeof(TString) + ((l + 1) * sizeof(char));
-  ts = &luaC_newobj(L, tag, totalsize, list, 0)->ts;
-  ts->tsv.len = l;
-  ts->tsv.hash = h;
-  ts->tsv.extra = 0;
-  memcpy(ts+1, str, l*sizeof(char));
-  ((char *)(ts+1))[l] = '\0';  /* ending 0 */
+  GCObject *o;
+  o = luaC_newobj(L, tag, totalsize);
+  ts = gco2ts(o);
+  ts->hash = h;
+  ts->extra = 0;
   return ts;
 }
 
 
-/*
-** creates a new short string, inserting it into string table
-*/
-static TString *newshrstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l,
-                                       unsigned int h) {
-  GCObject **list;  /* (pointer to) list where it will be inserted */
+TString *luaS_createlngstrobj (lua_State *L, size_t l) {
+  size_t totalsize = luaS_sizelngstr(l, LSTRREG);
+  TString *ts = createstrobj(L, totalsize, LUA_VLNGSTR, G(L)->seed);
+  ts->u.lnglen = l;
+  ts->shrlen = LSTRREG;  /* signals that it is a regular long string */
+  ts->contents = cast_charp(ts) + offsetof(TString, falloc);
+  ts->contents[l] = '\0';  /* ending 0 */
+  return ts;
+}
+
+
+void luaS_remove (lua_State *L, TString *ts) {
   stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
-  TString *s;
-  if (tb->nuse >= cast(lu_int32, tb->size) && tb->size <= MAX_INT/2)
-    luaS_resize(L, tb->size*2);  /* too crowded */
-  list = &tb->hash[lmod(h, tb->size)];
-  s = createstrobj(L, str, l, LUA_TSHRSTR, h, list);
-  tb->nuse++;
-  return s;
+  TString **p = &tb->hash[lmod(ts->hash, tb->size)];
+  while (*p != ts)  /* find previous element */
+    p = &(*p)->u.hnext;
+  *p = (*p)->u.hnext;  /* remove element from its list */
+  tb->nuse--;
+}
+
+
+static void growstrtab (lua_State *L, stringtable *tb) {
+  if (l_unlikely(tb->nuse == INT_MAX)) {  /* too many strings? */
+    luaC_fullgc(L, 1);  /* try to free some... */
+    if (tb->nuse == INT_MAX)  /* still too many? */
+      luaM_error(L);  /* cannot even create a message... */
+  }
+  if (tb->size <= MAXSTRTB / 2)  /* can grow string table? */
+    luaS_resize(L, tb->size * 2);
 }
 
 
 /*
-** checks whether short string exists and reuses it or creates a new one
+** Checks whether short string exists and reuses it or creates a new one.
 */
 static TString *internshrstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
-  GCObject *o;
+  TString *ts;
   global_State *g = G(L);
+  stringtable *tb = &g->strt;
   unsigned int h = luaS_hash(str, l, g->seed);
-  for (o = g->strt.hash[lmod(h, g->strt.size)];
-       o != NULL;
-       o = gch(o)->next) {
-    TString *ts = rawgco2ts(o);
-    if (h == ts->tsv.hash &&
-        ts->tsv.len == l &&
-        (memcmp(str, getstr(ts), l * sizeof(char)) == 0)) {
-      if (isdead(G(L), o))  /* string is dead (but was not collected yet)? */
-        changewhite(o);  /* resurrect it */
+  TString **list = &tb->hash[lmod(h, tb->size)];
+  lua_assert(str != NULL);  /* otherwise 'memcmp'/'memcpy' are undefined */
+  for (ts = *list; ts != NULL; ts = ts->u.hnext) {
+    if (l == cast_uint(ts->shrlen) &&
+        (memcmp(str, getshrstr(ts), l * sizeof(char)) == 0)) {
+      /* found! */
+      if (isdead(g, ts))  /* dead (but not collected yet)? */
+        changewhite(ts);  /* resurrect it */
       return ts;
     }
   }
-  return newshrstr(L, str, l, h);  /* not found; create a new string */
+  /* else must create a new string */
+  if (tb->nuse >= tb->size) {  /* need to grow string table? */
+    growstrtab(L, tb);
+    list = &tb->hash[lmod(h, tb->size)];  /* rehash with new size */
+  }
+  ts = createstrobj(L, sizestrshr(l), LUA_VSHRSTR, h);
+  ts->shrlen = cast(ls_byte, l);
+  getshrstr(ts)[l] = '\0';  /* ending 0 */
+  memcpy(getshrstr(ts), str, l * sizeof(char));
+  ts->u.hnext = *list;
+  *list = ts;
+  tb->nuse++;
+  return ts;
 }
 
 
@@ -157,29 +250,104 @@ TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
   if (l <= LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN)  /* short string? */
     return internshrstr(L, str, l);
   else {
-    if (l + 1 > (MAX_SIZET - sizeof(TString))/sizeof(char))
+    TString *ts;
+    if (l_unlikely(l * sizeof(char) >= (MAX_SIZE - sizeof(TString))))
       luaM_toobig(L);
-    return createstrobj(L, str, l, LUA_TLNGSTR, G(L)->seed, NULL);
+    ts = luaS_createlngstrobj(L, l);
+    memcpy(getlngstr(ts), str, l * sizeof(char));
+    return ts;
   }
 }
 
 
 /*
-** new zero-terminated string
+** Create or reuse a zero-terminated string, first checking in the
+** cache (using the string address as a key). The cache can contain
+** only zero-terminated strings, so it is safe to use 'strcmp' to
+** check hits.
 */
 TString *luaS_new (lua_State *L, const char *str) {
-  return luaS_newlstr(L, str, strlen(str));
+  unsigned int i = point2uint(str) % STRCACHE_N;  /* hash */
+  int j;
+  TString **p = G(L)->strcache[i];
+  for (j = 0; j < STRCACHE_M; j++) {
+    if (strcmp(str, getstr(p[j])) == 0)  /* hit? */
+      return p[j];  /* that is it */
+  }
+  /* normal route */
+  for (j = STRCACHE_M - 1; j > 0; j--)
+    p[j] = p[j - 1];  /* move out last element */
+  /* new element is first in the list */
+  p[0] = luaS_newlstr(L, str, strlen(str));
+  return p[0];
 }
 
 
-Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, Table *e) {
+Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, unsigned short nuvalue) {
   Udata *u;
-  if (s > MAX_SIZET - sizeof(Udata))
+  int i;
+  GCObject *o;
+  if (l_unlikely(s > MAX_SIZE - udatamemoffset(nuvalue)))
     luaM_toobig(L);
-  u = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TUSERDATA, sizeof(Udata) + s, NULL, 0)->u;
-  u->uv.len = s;
-  u->uv.metatable = NULL;
-  u->uv.env = e;
+  o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VUSERDATA, sizeudata(nuvalue, s));
+  u = gco2u(o);
+  u->len = s;
+  u->nuvalue = nuvalue;
+  u->metatable = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < nuvalue; i++)
+    setnilvalue(&u->uv[i].uv);
   return u;
 }
 
+
+struct NewExt {
+  ls_byte kind;
+  const char *s;
+   size_t len;
+  TString *ts;  /* output */
+};
+
+
+static void f_newext (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  struct NewExt *ne = cast(struct NewExt *, ud);
+  size_t size = luaS_sizelngstr(0, ne->kind);
+  ne->ts = createstrobj(L, size, LUA_VLNGSTR, G(L)->seed);
+}
+
+
+TString *luaS_newextlstr (lua_State *L,
+	          const char *s, size_t len, lua_Alloc falloc, void *ud) {
+  struct NewExt ne;
+  if (!falloc) {
+    ne.kind = LSTRFIX;
+    f_newext(L, &ne);  /* just create header */
+  }
+  else {
+    ne.kind = LSTRMEM;
+    if (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, f_newext, &ne) != LUA_OK) {  /* mem. error? */
+      (*falloc)(ud, cast_voidp(s), len + 1, 0);  /* free external string */
+      luaM_error(L);  /* re-raise memory error */
+    }
+    ne.ts->falloc = falloc;
+    ne.ts->ud = ud;
+  }
+  ne.ts->shrlen = ne.kind;
+  ne.ts->u.lnglen = len;
+  ne.ts->contents = cast_charp(s);
+  return ne.ts;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Normalize an external string: If it is short, internalize it.
+*/
+TString *luaS_normstr (lua_State *L, TString *ts) {
+  size_t len = ts->u.lnglen;
+  if (len > LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN)
+    return ts;  /* long string; keep the original */
+  else {
+    const char *str = getlngstr(ts);
+    return internshrstr(L, str, len);
+  }
+}
+

lstring.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lstring.h,v 1.48 2012/01/25 21:05:40 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lstring.h $
 ** String table (keep all strings handled by Lua)
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -12,35 +12,62 @@
 #include "lstate.h"
 
 
-#define sizestring(s)	(sizeof(union TString)+((s)->len+1)*sizeof(char))
+/*
+** Memory-allocation error message must be preallocated (it cannot
+** be created after memory is exhausted)
+*/
+#define MEMERRMSG       "not enough memory"
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum length for short strings, that is, strings that are
+** internalized. (Cannot be smaller than reserved words or tags for
+** metamethods, as these strings must be internalized;
+** #("function") = 8, #("__newindex") = 10.)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN)
+#define LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN	40
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Size of a short TString: Size of the header plus space for the string
+** itself (including final '\0').
+*/
+#define sizestrshr(l)  \
+	(offsetof(TString, contents) + ((l) + 1) * sizeof(char))
 
-#define sizeudata(u)	(sizeof(union Udata)+(u)->len)
 
 #define luaS_newliteral(L, s)	(luaS_newlstr(L, "" s, \
                                  (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1))
 
-#define luaS_fix(s)	l_setbit((s)->tsv.marked, FIXEDBIT)
-
 
 /*
 ** test whether a string is a reserved word
 */
-#define isreserved(s)	((s)->tsv.tt == LUA_TSHRSTR && (s)->tsv.extra > 0)
+#define isreserved(s)	(strisshr(s) && (s)->extra > 0)
 
 
 /*
 ** equality for short strings, which are always internalized
 */
-#define eqshrstr(a,b)	check_exp((a)->tsv.tt == LUA_TSHRSTR, (a) == (b))
+#define eqshrstr(a,b)	check_exp((a)->tt == LUA_VSHRSTR, (a) == (b))
 
 
-LUAI_FUNC unsigned int luaS_hash (const char *str, size_t l, unsigned int seed);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaS_eqlngstr (TString *a, TString *b);
+LUAI_FUNC unsigned luaS_hashlongstr (TString *ts);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaS_eqstr (TString *a, TString *b);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize);
-LUAI_FUNC Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, Table *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_clearcache (global_State *g);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_init (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_remove (lua_State *L, TString *ts);
+LUAI_FUNC Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s,
+                                              unsigned short nuvalue);
 LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l);
 LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_new (lua_State *L, const char *str);
-
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_createlngstrobj (lua_State *L, size_t l);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_newextlstr (lua_State *L,
+		const char *s, size_t len, lua_Alloc falloc, void *ud);
+LUAI_FUNC size_t luaS_sizelngstr (size_t len, int kind);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_normstr (lua_State *L, TString *ts);
 
 #endif

ltable.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ltable.h,v 2.15 2011/08/09 20:58:29 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ltable.h $
 ** Lua tables (hash)
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -11,30 +11,173 @@
 
 
 #define gnode(t,i)	(&(t)->node[i])
-#define gkey(n)		(&(n)->i_key.tvk)
 #define gval(n)		(&(n)->i_val)
-#define gnext(n)	((n)->i_key.nk.next)
-
-#define invalidateTMcache(t)	((t)->flags = 0)
+#define gnext(n)	((n)->u.next)
 
 
-LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getint (Table *t, int key);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaH_setint (lua_State *L, Table *t, int key, TValue *value);
-LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key);
-LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key);
-LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key);
-LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key);
+/*
+** Clear all bits of fast-access metamethods, which means that the table
+** may have any of these metamethods. (First access that fails after the
+** clearing will set the bit again.)
+*/
+#define invalidateTMcache(t)	((t)->flags &= cast_byte(~maskflags))
+
+
+/*
+** Bit BITDUMMY set in 'flags' means the table is using the dummy node
+** for its hash part.
+*/
+
+#define BITDUMMY		(1 << 6)
+#define NOTBITDUMMY		cast_byte(~BITDUMMY)
+#define isdummy(t)		((t)->flags & BITDUMMY)
+
+#define setnodummy(t)		((t)->flags &= NOTBITDUMMY)
+#define setdummy(t)		((t)->flags |= BITDUMMY)
+
+
+
+/* allocated size for hash nodes */
+#define allocsizenode(t)	(isdummy(t) ? 0 : sizenode(t))
+
+
+/* returns the Node, given the value of a table entry */
+#define nodefromval(v)	cast(Node *, (v))
+
+
+
+#define luaH_fastgeti(t,k,res,tag) \
+  { Table *h = t; lua_Unsigned u = l_castS2U(k) - 1u; \
+    if ((u < h->asize)) { \
+      tag = *getArrTag(h, u); \
+      if (!tagisempty(tag)) { farr2val(h, u, tag, res); }} \
+    else { tag = luaH_getint(h, (k), res); }}
+
+
+#define luaH_fastseti(t,k,val,hres) \
+  { Table *h = t; lua_Unsigned u = l_castS2U(k) - 1u; \
+    if ((u < h->asize)) { \
+      lu_byte *tag = getArrTag(h, u); \
+      if (checknoTM(h->metatable, TM_NEWINDEX) || !tagisempty(*tag)) \
+        { fval2arr(h, u, tag, val); hres = HOK; } \
+      else hres = ~cast_int(u); } \
+    else { hres = luaH_psetint(h, k, val); }}
+
+
+/* results from pset */
+#define HOK		0
+#define HNOTFOUND	1
+#define HNOTATABLE	2
+#define HFIRSTNODE	3
+
+/*
+** 'luaH_get*' operations set 'res', unless the value is absent, and
+** return the tag of the result.
+** The 'luaH_pset*' (pre-set) operations set the given value and return
+** HOK, unless the original value is absent. In that case, if the key
+** is really absent, they return HNOTFOUND. Otherwise, if there is a
+** slot with that key but with no value, 'luaH_pset*' return an encoding
+** of where the key is (usually called 'hres'). (pset cannot set that
+** value because there might be a metamethod.) If the slot is in the
+** hash part, the encoding is (HFIRSTNODE + hash index); if the slot is
+** in the array part, the encoding is (~array index), a negative value.
+** The value HNOTATABLE is used by the fast macros to signal that the
+** value being indexed is not a table.
+** (The size for the array part is limited by the maximum power of two
+** that fits in an unsigned integer; that is INT_MAX+1. So, the C-index
+** ranges from 0, which encodes to -1, to INT_MAX, which encodes to
+** INT_MIN. The size of the hash part is limited by the maximum power of
+** two that fits in a signed integer; that is (INT_MAX+1)/2. So, it is
+** safe to add HFIRSTNODE to any index there.)
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** The array part of a table is represented by an inverted array of
+** values followed by an array of tags, to avoid wasting space with
+** padding. In between them there is an unsigned int, explained later.
+** The 'array' pointer points between the two arrays, so that values are
+** indexed with negative indices and tags with non-negative indices.
+
+             Values                              Tags
+  --------------------------------------------------------
+  ...  |   Value 1     |   Value 0     |unsigned|0|1|...
+  --------------------------------------------------------
+                                       ^ t->array
+
+** All accesses to 't->array' should be through the macros 'getArrTag'
+** and 'getArrVal'.
+*/
+
+/* Computes the address of the tag for the abstract C-index 'k' */
+#define getArrTag(t,k)	(cast(lu_byte*, (t)->array) + sizeof(unsigned) + (k))
+
+/* Computes the address of the value for the abstract C-index 'k' */
+#define getArrVal(t,k)	((t)->array - 1 - (k))
+
+
+/*
+** The unsigned between the two arrays is used as a hint for #t;
+** see luaH_getn. It is stored there to avoid wasting space in
+** the structure Table for tables with no array part.
+*/
+#define lenhint(t)	cast(unsigned*, (t)->array)
+
+
+/*
+** Move TValues to/from arrays, using C indices
+*/
+#define arr2obj(h,k,val)  \
+  ((val)->tt_ = *getArrTag(h,(k)), (val)->value_ = *getArrVal(h,(k)))
+
+#define obj2arr(h,k,val)  \
+  (*getArrTag(h,(k)) = (val)->tt_, *getArrVal(h,(k)) = (val)->value_)
+
+
+/*
+** Often, we need to check the tag of a value before moving it. The
+** following macros also move TValues to/from arrays, but receive the
+** precomputed tag value or address as an extra argument.
+*/
+#define farr2val(h,k,tag,res)  \
+  ((res)->tt_ = tag, (res)->value_ = *getArrVal(h,(k)))
+
+#define fval2arr(h,k,tag,val)  \
+  (*tag = (val)->tt_, *getArrVal(h,(k)) = (val)->value_)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key, TValue *res);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaH_getshortstr (Table *t, TString *key, TValue *res);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key, TValue *res);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaH_getint (Table *t, lua_Integer key, TValue *res);
+
+/* Special get for metamethods */
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_Hgetshortstr (Table *t, TString *key);
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_psetint (Table *t, lua_Integer key, TValue *val);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_psetshortstr (Table *t, TString *key, TValue *val);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_psetstr (Table *t, TString *key, TValue *val);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_pset (Table *t, const TValue *key, TValue *val);
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_setint (lua_State *L, Table *t, lua_Integer key,
+                                                    TValue *value);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key,
+                                                 TValue *value);
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_finishset (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key,
+                                              TValue *value, int hres);
 LUAI_FUNC Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize, int nhsize);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned nasize,
+                                                    unsigned nhsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned nasize);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_mem luaH_size (Table *t);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaH_getn (Table *t);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Unsigned luaH_getn (lua_State *L, Table *t);
 
 
 #if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
 LUAI_FUNC Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaH_isdummy (Node *n);
 #endif
 
 

ltablib.c

@@ -1,103 +1,176 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ltablib.c,v 1.62 2011/09/30 12:45:45 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ltablib.c $
 ** Library for Table Manipulation
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-
 #define ltablib_c
 #define LUA_LIB
 
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "lauxlib.h"
 #include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
 
 
-#define aux_getn(L,n)  \
-	(luaL_checktype(L, n, LUA_TTABLE), luaL_len(L, n))
+/*
+** Operations that an object must define to mimic a table
+** (some functions only need some of them)
+*/
+#define TAB_R	1			/* read */
+#define TAB_W	2			/* write */
+#define TAB_L	4			/* length */
+#define TAB_RW	(TAB_R | TAB_W)		/* read/write */
 
 
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MAXN)
-static int maxn (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_Number max = 0;
-  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
-  lua_pushnil(L);  /* first key */
-  while (lua_next(L, 1)) {
-    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value */
-    if (lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
-      lua_Number v = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
-      if (v > max) max = v;
+#define aux_getn(L,n,w)	(checktab(L, n, (w) | TAB_L), luaL_len(L, n))
+
+
+static int checkfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int n) {
+  lua_pushstring(L, key);
+  return (lua_rawget(L, -n) != LUA_TNIL);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check that 'arg' either is a table or can behave like one (that is,
+** has a metatable with the required metamethods)
+*/
+static void checktab (lua_State *L, int arg, int what) {
+  if (lua_type(L, arg) != LUA_TTABLE) {  /* is it not a table? */
+    int n = 1;  /* number of elements to pop */
+    if (lua_getmetatable(L, arg) &&  /* must have metatable */
+        (!(what & TAB_R) || checkfield(L, "__index", ++n)) &&
+        (!(what & TAB_W) || checkfield(L, "__newindex", ++n)) &&
+        (!(what & TAB_L) || checkfield(L, "__len", ++n))) {
+      lua_pop(L, n);  /* pop metatable and tested metamethods */
     }
+    else
+      luaL_checktype(L, arg, LUA_TTABLE);  /* force an error */
   }
-  lua_pushnumber(L, max);
+}
+
+
+static int tcreate (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Unsigned sizeseq = (lua_Unsigned)luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+  lua_Unsigned sizerest = (lua_Unsigned)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, sizeseq <= cast_uint(INT_MAX), 1, "out of range");
+  luaL_argcheck(L, sizerest <= cast_uint(INT_MAX), 2, "out of range");
+  lua_createtable(L, cast_int(sizeseq), cast_int(sizerest));
   return 1;
 }
-#endif
 
 
 static int tinsert (lua_State *L) {
-  int e = aux_getn(L, 1) + 1;  /* first empty element */
-  int pos;  /* where to insert new element */
+  lua_Integer pos;  /* where to insert new element */
+  lua_Integer e = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW);
+  e = luaL_intop(+, e, 1);  /* first empty element */
   switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
     case 2: {  /* called with only 2 arguments */
       pos = e;  /* insert new element at the end */
       break;
     }
     case 3: {
-      int i;
-      pos = luaL_checkint(L, 2);  /* 2nd argument is the position */
-      if (pos > e) e = pos;  /* `grow' array if necessary */
+      lua_Integer i;
+      pos = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);  /* 2nd argument is the position */
+      /* check whether 'pos' is in [1, e] */
+      luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Unsigned)pos - 1u < (lua_Unsigned)e, 2,
+                       "position out of bounds");
       for (i = e; i > pos; i--) {  /* move up elements */
-        lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i-1);
-        lua_rawseti(L, 1, i);  /* t[i] = t[i-1] */
+        lua_geti(L, 1, i - 1);
+        lua_seti(L, 1, i);  /* t[i] = t[i - 1] */
       }
       break;
     }
     default: {
-      return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments to " LUA_QL("insert"));
+      return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments to 'insert'");
     }
   }
-  lua_rawseti(L, 1, pos);  /* t[pos] = v */
+  lua_seti(L, 1, pos);  /* t[pos] = v */
   return 0;
 }
 
 
 static int tremove (lua_State *L) {
-  int e = aux_getn(L, 1);
-  int pos = luaL_optint(L, 2, e);
-  if (!(1 <= pos && pos <= e))  /* position is outside bounds? */
-    return 0;  /* nothing to remove */
-  lua_rawgeti(L, 1, pos);  /* result = t[pos] */
-  for ( ;pos<e; pos++) {
-    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, pos+1);
-    lua_rawseti(L, 1, pos);  /* t[pos] = t[pos+1] */
+  lua_Integer size = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW);
+  lua_Integer pos = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, size);
+  if (pos != size)  /* validate 'pos' if given */
+    /* check whether 'pos' is in [1, size + 1] */
+    luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Unsigned)pos - 1u <= (lua_Unsigned)size, 2,
+                     "position out of bounds");
+  lua_geti(L, 1, pos);  /* result = t[pos] */
+  for ( ; pos < size; pos++) {
+    lua_geti(L, 1, pos + 1);
+    lua_seti(L, 1, pos);  /* t[pos] = t[pos + 1] */
   }
   lua_pushnil(L);
-  lua_rawseti(L, 1, e);  /* t[e] = nil */
+  lua_seti(L, 1, pos);  /* remove entry t[pos] */
   return 1;
 }
 
 
-static void addfield (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int i) {
-  lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
-  if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
-    luaL_error(L, "invalid value (%s) at index %d in table for "
-                  LUA_QL("concat"), luaL_typename(L, -1), i);
+/*
+** Copy elements (1[f], ..., 1[e]) into (tt[t], tt[t+1], ...). Whenever
+** possible, copy in increasing order, which is better for rehashing.
+** "possible" means destination after original range, or smaller
+** than origin, or copying to another table.
+*/
+static int tmove (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer f = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  lua_Integer e = luaL_checkinteger(L, 3);
+  lua_Integer t = luaL_checkinteger(L, 4);
+  int tt = !lua_isnoneornil(L, 5) ? 5 : 1;  /* destination table */
+  checktab(L, 1, TAB_R);
+  checktab(L, tt, TAB_W);
+  if (e >= f) {  /* otherwise, nothing to move */
+    lua_Integer n, i;
+    luaL_argcheck(L, f > 0 || e < LUA_MAXINTEGER + f, 3,
+                  "too many elements to move");
+    n = e - f + 1;  /* number of elements to move */
+    luaL_argcheck(L, t <= LUA_MAXINTEGER - n + 1, 4,
+                  "destination wrap around");
+    if (t > e || t <= f || (tt != 1 && !lua_compare(L, 1, tt, LUA_OPEQ))) {
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        lua_geti(L, 1, f + i);
+        lua_seti(L, tt, t + i);
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        lua_geti(L, 1, f + i);
+        lua_seti(L, tt, t + i);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  lua_pushvalue(L, tt);  /* return destination table */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void addfield (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, lua_Integer i) {
+  lua_geti(L, 1, i);
+  if (l_unlikely(!lua_isstring(L, -1)))
+    luaL_error(L, "invalid value (%s) at index %I in table for 'concat'",
+                  luaL_typename(L, -1), (LUAI_UACINT)i);
   luaL_addvalue(b);
 }
 
 
 static int tconcat (lua_State *L) {
   luaL_Buffer b;
+  lua_Integer last = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_R);
   size_t lsep;
-  int i, last;
   const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 2, "", &lsep);
-  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
-  i = luaL_optint(L, 3, 1);
-  last = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 4, luaL_len(L, 1));
+  lua_Integer i = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1);
+  last = luaL_optinteger(L, 4, last);
   luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
   for (; i < last; i++) {
     addfield(L, &b, i);
@@ -116,36 +189,33 @@ static int tconcat (lua_State *L) {
 ** =======================================================
 */
 
-static int pack (lua_State *L) {
+static int tpack (lua_State *L) {
+  int i;
   int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of elements to pack */
   lua_createtable(L, n, 1);  /* create result table */
+  lua_insert(L, 1);  /* put it at index 1 */
+  for (i = n; i >= 1; i--)  /* assign elements */
+    lua_seti(L, 1, i);
   lua_pushinteger(L, n);
-  lua_setfield(L, -2, "n");  /* t.n = number of elements */
-  if (n > 0) {  /* at least one element? */
-    int i;
-    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
-    lua_rawseti(L, -2, 1);  /* insert first element */
-    lua_replace(L, 1);  /* move table into index 1 */
-    for (i = n; i >= 2; i--)  /* assign other elements */
-      lua_rawseti(L, 1, i);
-  }
+  lua_setfield(L, 1, "n");  /* t.n = number of elements */
   return 1;  /* return table */
 }
 
 
-static int unpack (lua_State *L) {
-  int i, e, n;
-  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
-  i = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);
-  e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 3, luaL_len(L, 1));
+static int tunpack (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Unsigned n;
+  lua_Integer i = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1);
+  lua_Integer e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkinteger, 3, luaL_len(L, 1));
   if (i > e) return 0;  /* empty range */
-  n = e - i + 1;  /* number of elements */
-  if (n <= 0 || !lua_checkstack(L, n))  /* n <= 0 means arith. overflow */
+  n = l_castS2U(e) - l_castS2U(i);  /* number of elements minus 1 */
+  if (l_unlikely(n >= (unsigned int)INT_MAX  ||
+                 !lua_checkstack(L, (int)(++n))))
     return luaL_error(L, "too many results to unpack");
-  lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);  /* push arg[i] (avoiding overflow problems) */
-  while (i++ < e)  /* push arg[i + 1...e] */
-    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
-  return n;
+  for (; i < e; i++) {  /* push arg[i..e - 1] (to avoid overflows) */
+    lua_geti(L, 1, i);
+  }
+  lua_geti(L, 1, e);  /* push last element */
+  return (int)n;
 }
 
 /* }====================================================== */
@@ -155,102 +225,181 @@ static int unpack (lua_State *L) {
 /*
 ** {======================================================
 ** Quicksort
-** (based on `Algorithms in MODULA-3', Robert Sedgewick;
+** (based on 'Algorithms in MODULA-3', Robert Sedgewick;
 **  Addison-Wesley, 1993.)
 ** =======================================================
 */
 
 
-static void set2 (lua_State *L, int i, int j) {
-  lua_rawseti(L, 1, i);
-  lua_rawseti(L, 1, j);
+/*
+** Type for array indices. These indices are always limited by INT_MAX,
+** so it is safe to cast them to lua_Integer even for Lua 32 bits.
+*/
+typedef unsigned int IdxT;
+
+
+/* Versions of lua_seti/lua_geti specialized for IdxT */
+#define geti(L,idt,idx)	lua_geti(L, idt, l_castU2S(idx))
+#define seti(L,idt,idx)	lua_seti(L, idt, l_castU2S(idx))
+
+
+/*
+** Produce a "random" 'unsigned int' to randomize pivot choice. This
+** macro is used only when 'sort' detects a big imbalance in the result
+** of a partition. (If you don't want/need this "randomness", ~0 is a
+** good choice.)
+*/
+#if !defined(l_randomizePivot)
+#define l_randomizePivot(L)	luaL_makeseed(L)
+#endif					/* } */
+
+
+/* arrays larger than 'RANLIMIT' may use randomized pivots */
+#define RANLIMIT	100u
+
+
+static void set2 (lua_State *L, IdxT i, IdxT j) {
+  seti(L, 1, i);
+  seti(L, 1, j);
 }
 
+
+/*
+** Return true iff value at stack index 'a' is less than the value at
+** index 'b' (according to the order of the sort).
+*/
 static int sort_comp (lua_State *L, int a, int b) {
-  if (!lua_isnil(L, 2)) {  /* function? */
+  if (lua_isnil(L, 2))  /* no function? */
+    return lua_compare(L, a, b, LUA_OPLT);  /* a < b */
+  else {  /* function */
     int res;
-    lua_pushvalue(L, 2);
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 2);    /* push function */
     lua_pushvalue(L, a-1);  /* -1 to compensate function */
-    lua_pushvalue(L, b-2);  /* -2 to compensate function and `a' */
-    lua_call(L, 2, 1);
-    res = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
-    lua_pop(L, 1);
+    lua_pushvalue(L, b-2);  /* -2 to compensate function and 'a' */
+    lua_call(L, 2, 1);      /* call function */
+    res = lua_toboolean(L, -1);  /* get result */
+    lua_pop(L, 1);          /* pop result */
     return res;
   }
-  else  /* a < b? */
-    return lua_compare(L, a, b, LUA_OPLT);
 }
 
-static void auxsort (lua_State *L, int l, int u) {
-  while (l < u) {  /* for tail recursion */
-    int i, j;
-    /* sort elements a[l], a[(l+u)/2] and a[u] */
-    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, l);
-    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u);
-    if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2))  /* a[u] < a[l]? */
-      set2(L, l, u);  /* swap a[l] - a[u] */
+
+/*
+** Does the partition: Pivot P is at the top of the stack.
+** precondition: a[lo] <= P == a[up-1] <= a[up],
+** so it only needs to do the partition from lo + 1 to up - 2.
+** Pos-condition: a[lo .. i - 1] <= a[i] == P <= a[i + 1 .. up]
+** returns 'i'.
+*/
+static IdxT partition (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up) {
+  IdxT i = lo;  /* will be incremented before first use */
+  IdxT j = up - 1;  /* will be decremented before first use */
+  /* loop invariant: a[lo .. i] <= P <= a[j .. up] */
+  for (;;) {
+    /* next loop: repeat ++i while a[i] < P */
+    while ((void)geti(L, 1, ++i), sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) {
+      if (l_unlikely(i == up - 1))  /* a[up - 1] < P == a[up - 1] */
+        luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[i] */
+    }
+    /* after the loop, a[i] >= P and a[lo .. i - 1] < P  (a) */
+    /* next loop: repeat --j while P < a[j] */
+    while ((void)geti(L, 1, --j), sort_comp(L, -3, -1)) {
+      if (l_unlikely(j < i))  /* j <= i - 1 and a[j] > P, contradicts (a) */
+        luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[j] */
+    }
+    /* after the loop, a[j] <= P and a[j + 1 .. up] >= P */
+    if (j < i) {  /* no elements out of place? */
+      /* a[lo .. i - 1] <= P <= a[j + 1 .. i .. up] */
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop a[j] */
+      /* swap pivot (a[up - 1]) with a[i] to satisfy pos-condition */
+      set2(L, up - 1, i);
+      return i;
+    }
+    /* otherwise, swap a[i] - a[j] to restore invariant and repeat */
+    set2(L, i, j);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Choose an element in the middle (2nd-3th quarters) of [lo,up]
+** "randomized" by 'rnd'
+*/
+static IdxT choosePivot (IdxT lo, IdxT up, unsigned int rnd) {
+  IdxT r4 = (up - lo) / 4;  /* range/4 */
+  IdxT p = (rnd ^ lo ^ up) % (r4 * 2) + (lo + r4);
+  lua_assert(lo + r4 <= p && p <= up - r4);
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Quicksort algorithm (recursive function)
+*/
+static void auxsort (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up, unsigned rnd) {
+  while (lo < up) {  /* loop for tail recursion */
+    IdxT p;  /* Pivot index */
+    IdxT n;  /* to be used later */
+    /* sort elements 'lo', 'p', and 'up' */
+    geti(L, 1, lo);
+    geti(L, 1, up);
+    if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2))  /* a[up] < a[lo]? */
+      set2(L, lo, up);  /* swap a[lo] - a[up] */
     else
-      lua_pop(L, 2);
-    if (u-l == 1) break;  /* only 2 elements */
-    i = (l+u)/2;
-    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
-    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, l);
-    if (sort_comp(L, -2, -1))  /* a[i]<a[l]? */
-      set2(L, i, l);
+      lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove both values */
+    if (up - lo == 1)  /* only 2 elements? */
+      return;  /* already sorted */
+    if (up - lo < RANLIMIT || rnd == 0)  /* small interval or no randomize? */
+      p = (lo + up)/2;  /* middle element is a good pivot */
+    else  /* for larger intervals, it is worth a random pivot */
+      p = choosePivot(lo, up, rnd);
+    geti(L, 1, p);
+    geti(L, 1, lo);
+    if (sort_comp(L, -2, -1))  /* a[p] < a[lo]? */
+      set2(L, p, lo);  /* swap a[p] - a[lo] */
     else {
-      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[l] */
-      lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u);
-      if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2))  /* a[u]<a[i]? */
-        set2(L, i, u);
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[lo] */
+      geti(L, 1, up);
+      if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2))  /* a[up] < a[p]? */
+        set2(L, p, up);  /* swap a[up] - a[p] */
       else
         lua_pop(L, 2);
     }
-    if (u-l == 2) break;  /* only 3 elements */
-    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);  /* Pivot */
-    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
-    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u-1);
-    set2(L, i, u-1);
-    /* a[l] <= P == a[u-1] <= a[u], only need to sort from l+1 to u-2 */
-    i = l; j = u-1;
-    for (;;) {  /* invariant: a[l..i] <= P <= a[j..u] */
-      /* repeat ++i until a[i] >= P */
-      while (lua_rawgeti(L, 1, ++i), sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) {
-        if (i>=u) luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
-        lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[i] */
-      }
-      /* repeat --j until a[j] <= P */
-      while (lua_rawgeti(L, 1, --j), sort_comp(L, -3, -1)) {
-        if (j<=l) luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
-        lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[j] */
-      }
-      if (j<i) {
-        lua_pop(L, 3);  /* pop pivot, a[i], a[j] */
-        break;
-      }
-      set2(L, i, j);
-    }
-    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u-1);
-    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
-    set2(L, u-1, i);  /* swap pivot (a[u-1]) with a[i] */
-    /* a[l..i-1] <= a[i] == P <= a[i+1..u] */
-    /* adjust so that smaller half is in [j..i] and larger one in [l..u] */
-    if (i-l < u-i) {
-      j=l; i=i-1; l=i+2;
+    if (up - lo == 2)  /* only 3 elements? */
+      return;  /* already sorted */
+    geti(L, 1, p);  /* get middle element (Pivot) */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* push Pivot */
+    geti(L, 1, up - 1);  /* push a[up - 1] */
+    set2(L, p, up - 1);  /* swap Pivot (a[p]) with a[up - 1] */
+    p = partition(L, lo, up);
+    /* a[lo .. p - 1] <= a[p] == P <= a[p + 1 .. up] */
+    if (p - lo < up - p) {  /* lower interval is smaller? */
+      auxsort(L, lo, p - 1, rnd);  /* call recursively for lower interval */
+      n = p - lo;  /* size of smaller interval */
+      lo = p + 1;  /* tail call for [p + 1 .. up] (upper interval) */
     }
     else {
-      j=i+1; i=u; u=j-2;
+      auxsort(L, p + 1, up, rnd);  /* call recursively for upper interval */
+      n = up - p;  /* size of smaller interval */
+      up = p - 1;  /* tail call for [lo .. p - 1]  (lower interval) */
     }
-    auxsort(L, j, i);  /* call recursively the smaller one */
-  }  /* repeat the routine for the larger one */
+    if ((up - lo) / 128 > n) /* partition too imbalanced? */
+      rnd = l_randomizePivot(L);  /* try a new randomization */
+  }  /* tail call auxsort(L, lo, up, rnd) */
 }
 
+
 static int sort (lua_State *L) {
-  int n = aux_getn(L, 1);
-  luaL_checkstack(L, 40, "");  /* assume array is smaller than 2^40 */
-  if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 2))  /* is there a 2nd argument? */
-    luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);
-  lua_settop(L, 2);  /* make sure there is two arguments */
-  auxsort(L, 1, n);
+  lua_Integer n = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW);
+  if (n > 1) {  /* non-trivial interval? */
+    luaL_argcheck(L, n < INT_MAX, 1, "array too big");
+    if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 2))  /* is there a 2nd argument? */
+      luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);  /* must be a function */
+    lua_settop(L, 2);  /* make sure there are two arguments */
+    auxsort(L, 1, (IdxT)n, 0);
+  }
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -259,13 +408,12 @@ static int sort (lua_State *L) {
 
 static const luaL_Reg tab_funcs[] = {
   {"concat", tconcat},
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MAXN)
-  {"maxn", maxn},
-#endif
+  {"create", tcreate},
   {"insert", tinsert},
-  {"pack", pack},
-  {"unpack", unpack},
+  {"pack", tpack},
+  {"unpack", tunpack},
   {"remove", tremove},
+  {"move", tmove},
   {"sort", sort},
   {NULL, NULL}
 };
@@ -273,11 +421,6 @@ static const luaL_Reg tab_funcs[] = {
 
 LUAMOD_API int luaopen_table (lua_State *L) {
   luaL_newlib(L, tab_funcs);
-#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_UNPACK)
-  /* _G.unpack = table.unpack */
-  lua_getfield(L, -1, "unpack");
-  lua_setglobal(L, "unpack");
-#endif
   return 1;
 }
 

ltests.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ltests.h,v 2.32 2010/04/19 17:40:13 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ltests.h $
 ** Internal Header for Debugging of the Lua Implementation
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -8,32 +8,62 @@
 #define ltests_h
 
 
+#include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
-/* do not use compatibility macros in Lua code */
-#undef LUA_COMPAT_API
+/* test Lua with compatibility code */
+#define LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB
+#undef LUA_COMPAT_GLOBAL
+
 
 #define LUA_DEBUG
 
-#undef NDEBUG
-#include <assert.h>
-#define lua_assert(c)           assert(c)
+
+/* turn on assertions */
+#define LUAI_ASSERT
 
 
 /* to avoid warnings, and to make sure value is really unused */
 #define UNUSED(x)       (x=0, (void)(x))
 
 
-/* memory allocator control variables */
+/* test for sizes in 'l_sprintf' (make sure whole buffer is available) */
+#undef l_sprintf
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+#define l_sprintf(s,sz,f,i)	(memset(s,0xAB,sz), snprintf(s,sz,f,i))
+#else
+#define l_sprintf(s,sz,f,i)	(memset(s,0xAB,sz), sprintf(s,f,i))
+#endif
+
+
+/* get a chance to test code without jump tables */
+#define LUA_USE_JUMPTABLE	0
+
+
+/* use 32-bit integers in random generator */
+#define LUA_RAND32
+
+
+/* test stack reallocation without strict address use */
+#define LUAI_STRICT_ADDRESS	0
+
+
+/* memory-allocator control variables */
 typedef struct Memcontrol {
+  int failnext;
   unsigned long numblocks;
   unsigned long total;
   unsigned long maxmem;
   unsigned long memlimit;
-  unsigned long objcount[LUA_NUMTAGS];
+  unsigned long countlimit;
+  unsigned long objcount[LUA_NUMTYPES];
 } Memcontrol;
 
-extern Memcontrol l_memcontrol;
+LUA_API Memcontrol l_memcontrol;
+
+
+#define luai_tracegc(L,f)		luai_tracegctest(L, f)
+extern void luai_tracegctest (lua_State *L, int first);
 
 
 /*
@@ -42,40 +72,63 @@ extern Memcontrol l_memcontrol;
 extern void *l_Trick;
 
 
-void *debug_realloc (void *ud, void *block, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+/*
+** Function to traverse and check all memory used by Lua
+*/
+extern int lua_checkmemory (lua_State *L);
+
+/*
+** Function to print an object GC-friendly
+*/
+struct GCObject;
+extern void lua_printobj (lua_State *L, struct GCObject *o);
 
 
-typedef struct CallInfo *pCallInfo;
+/*
+** Function to print a value
+*/
+struct TValue;
+extern void lua_printvalue (struct TValue *v);
 
-int lua_checkmemory (lua_State *L);
+/*
+** Function to print the stack
+*/
+extern void lua_printstack (lua_State *L);
+extern int lua_printallstack (lua_State *L);
 
 
 /* test for lock/unlock */
-#undef luai_userstateopen
-#undef luai_userstatethread
-#undef lua_lock
-#undef lua_unlock
 
 struct L_EXTRA { int lock; int *plock; };
-#define LUAI_EXTRASPACE		sizeof(struct L_EXTRA)
-#define getlock(l)	(cast(struct L_EXTRA *, l) - 1)
+#undef LUA_EXTRASPACE
+#define LUA_EXTRASPACE	sizeof(struct L_EXTRA)
+#define getlock(l)	cast(struct L_EXTRA*, lua_getextraspace(l))
 #define luai_userstateopen(l)  \
 	(getlock(l)->lock = 0, getlock(l)->plock = &(getlock(l)->lock))
-#define luai_userstatethread(l,l1)  (getlock(l1)->plock = getlock(l)->plock)
+#define luai_userstateclose(l)  \
+  lua_assert(getlock(l)->lock == 1 && getlock(l)->plock == &(getlock(l)->lock))
+#define luai_userstatethread(l,l1) \
+  lua_assert(getlock(l1)->plock == getlock(l)->plock)
 #define luai_userstatefree(l,l1) \
   lua_assert(getlock(l)->plock == getlock(l1)->plock)
 #define lua_lock(l)     lua_assert((*getlock(l)->plock)++ == 0)
 #define lua_unlock(l)   lua_assert(--(*getlock(l)->plock) == 0)
 
 
-int luaB_opentests (lua_State *L);
+
+LUA_API int luaB_opentests (lua_State *L);
+
+LUA_API void *debug_realloc (void *ud, void *block,
+                             size_t osize, size_t nsize);
 
 
-#if defined(lua_c)
-#define luaL_newstate()		lua_newstate(debug_realloc, &l_memcontrol)
-#define luaL_openlibs(L)  \
-  { (luaL_openlibs)(L); luaL_requiref(L, "T", luaB_opentests, 1); }
-#endif
+#define luaL_newstate()  \
+	lua_newstate(debug_realloc, &l_memcontrol, luaL_makeseed(NULL))
+#define luai_openlibs(L)  \
+  {  luaL_openlibs(L); \
+     luaL_requiref(L, "T", luaB_opentests, 1); \
+     lua_pop(L, 1); }
+
 
 
 
@@ -84,10 +137,30 @@ int luaB_opentests (lua_State *L);
 #undef LUAL_BUFFERSIZE
 #define LUAL_BUFFERSIZE		23
 #define MINSTRTABSIZE		2
+#define MAXIWTHABS		3
+
+#define STRCACHE_N	23
+#define STRCACHE_M	5
+
+#define MAXINDEXRK	1
 
 
-#undef LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T
-#define LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T   union { char b[32]; }
+/*
+** Reduce maximum stack size to make stack-overflow tests run faster.
+** (But value is still large enough to overflow smaller integers.)
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAXSTACK   68000
+
+
+/* test mode uses more stack space */
+#undef LUAI_MAXCCALLS
+#define LUAI_MAXCCALLS	180
+
+
+/* force Lua to use its own implementations */
+#undef lua_strx2number
+#undef lua_number2strx
 
 
 #endif
+

ltm.c

@@ -1,31 +1,37 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ltm.c,v 2.13 2011/02/28 17:32:10 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ltm.c $
 ** Tag methods
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
-
-#include <string.h>
-
 #define ltm_c
 #define LUA_CORE
 
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
 #include "lua.h"
 
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lstate.h"
 #include "lstring.h"
 #include "ltable.h"
 #include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
 
 
 static const char udatatypename[] = "userdata";
 
-LUAI_DDEF const char *const luaT_typenames_[LUA_TOTALTAGS] = {
+LUAI_DDEF const char *const luaT_typenames_[LUA_TOTALTYPES] = {
   "no value",
   "nil", "boolean", udatatypename, "number",
   "string", "table", "function", udatatypename, "thread",
-  "proto", "upval"  /* these last two cases are used for tests only */
+  "upvalue", "proto" /* these last cases are used for tests only */
 };
 
 
@@ -33,14 +39,16 @@ void luaT_init (lua_State *L) {
   static const char *const luaT_eventname[] = {  /* ORDER TM */
     "__index", "__newindex",
     "__gc", "__mode", "__len", "__eq",
-    "__add", "__sub", "__mul", "__div", "__mod",
-    "__pow", "__unm", "__lt", "__le",
-    "__concat", "__call"
+    "__add", "__sub", "__mul", "__mod", "__pow",
+    "__div", "__idiv",
+    "__band", "__bor", "__bxor", "__shl", "__shr",
+    "__unm", "__bnot", "__lt", "__le",
+    "__concat", "__call", "__close"
   };
   int i;
   for (i=0; i<TM_N; i++) {
     G(L)->tmname[i] = luaS_new(L, luaT_eventname[i]);
-    luaS_fix(G(L)->tmname[i]);  /* never collect these names */
+    luaC_fix(L, obj2gco(G(L)->tmname[i]));  /* never collect these names */
   }
 }
 
@@ -50,9 +58,9 @@ void luaT_init (lua_State *L) {
 ** tag methods
 */
 const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename) {
-  const TValue *tm = luaH_getstr(events, ename);
+  const TValue *tm = luaH_Hgetshortstr(events, ename);
   lua_assert(event <= TM_EQ);
-  if (ttisnil(tm)) {  /* no tag method? */
+  if (notm(tm)) {  /* no tag method? */
     events->flags |= cast_byte(1u<<event);  /* cache this fact */
     return NULL;
   }
@@ -62,7 +70,7 @@ const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename) {
 
 const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, TMS event) {
   Table *mt;
-  switch (ttypenv(o)) {
+  switch (ttype(o)) {
     case LUA_TTABLE:
       mt = hvalue(o)->metatable;
       break;
@@ -70,8 +78,287 @@ const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, TMS event) {
       mt = uvalue(o)->metatable;
       break;
     default:
-      mt = G(L)->mt[ttypenv(o)];
+      mt = G(L)->mt[ttype(o)];
   }
-  return (mt ? luaH_getstr(mt, G(L)->tmname[event]) : luaO_nilobject);
+  return (mt ? luaH_Hgetshortstr(mt, G(L)->tmname[event]) : &G(L)->nilvalue);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return the name of the type of an object. For tables and userdata
+** with metatable, use their '__name' metafield, if present.
+*/
+const char *luaT_objtypename (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) {
+  Table *mt;
+  if ((ttistable(o) && (mt = hvalue(o)->metatable) != NULL) ||
+      (ttisfulluserdata(o) && (mt = uvalue(o)->metatable) != NULL)) {
+    const TValue *name = luaH_Hgetshortstr(mt, luaS_new(L, "__name"));
+    if (ttisstring(name))  /* is '__name' a string? */
+      return getstr(tsvalue(name));  /* use it as type name */
+  }
+  return ttypename(ttype(o));  /* else use standard type name */
+}
+
+
+void luaT_callTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+                  const TValue *p2, const TValue *p3) {
+  StkId func = L->top.p;
+  setobj2s(L, func, f);  /* push function (assume EXTRA_STACK) */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 1, p1);  /* 1st argument */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 2, p2);  /* 2nd argument */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 3, p3);  /* 3rd argument */
+  L->top.p = func + 4;
+  /* metamethod may yield only when called from Lua code */
+  if (isLuacode(L->ci))
+    luaD_call(L, func, 0);
+  else
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, func, 0);
+}
+
+
+lu_byte luaT_callTMres (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+                        const TValue *p2, StkId res) {
+  ptrdiff_t result = savestack(L, res);
+  StkId func = L->top.p;
+  setobj2s(L, func, f);  /* push function (assume EXTRA_STACK) */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 1, p1);  /* 1st argument */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 2, p2);  /* 2nd argument */
+  L->top.p += 3;
+  /* metamethod may yield only when called from Lua code */
+  if (isLuacode(L->ci))
+    luaD_call(L, func, 1);
+  else
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, func, 1);
+  res = restorestack(L, result);
+  setobjs2s(L, res, --L->top.p);  /* move result to its place */
+  return ttypetag(s2v(res));  /* return tag of the result */
+}
+
+
+static int callbinTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                      StkId res, TMS event) {
+  const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p1, event);  /* try first operand */
+  if (notm(tm))
+    tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p2, event);  /* try second operand */
+  if (notm(tm))
+    return -1;  /* tag method not found */
+  else  /* call tag method and return the tag of the result */
+    return luaT_callTMres(L, tm, p1, p2, res);
+}
+
+
+void luaT_trybinTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                    StkId res, TMS event) {
+  if (l_unlikely(callbinTM(L, p1, p2, res, event) < 0)) {
+    switch (event) {
+      case TM_BAND: case TM_BOR: case TM_BXOR:
+      case TM_SHL: case TM_SHR: case TM_BNOT: {
+        if (ttisnumber(p1) && ttisnumber(p2))
+          luaG_tointerror(L, p1, p2);
+        else
+          luaG_opinterror(L, p1, p2, "perform bitwise operation on");
+      }
+      /* calls never return, but to avoid warnings: *//* FALLTHROUGH */
+      default:
+        luaG_opinterror(L, p1, p2, "perform arithmetic on");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** The use of 'p1' after 'callbinTM' is safe because, when a tag
+** method is not found, 'callbinTM' cannot change the stack.
+*/
+void luaT_tryconcatTM (lua_State *L) {
+  StkId p1 = L->top.p - 2;  /* first argument */
+  if (l_unlikely(callbinTM(L, s2v(p1), s2v(p1 + 1), p1, TM_CONCAT) < 0))
+    luaG_concaterror(L, s2v(p1), s2v(p1 + 1));
+}
+
+
+void luaT_trybinassocTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                                       int flip, StkId res, TMS event) {
+  if (flip)
+    luaT_trybinTM(L, p2, p1, res, event);
+  else
+    luaT_trybinTM(L, p1, p2, res, event);
+}
+
+
+void luaT_trybiniTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, lua_Integer i2,
+                                   int flip, StkId res, TMS event) {
+  TValue aux;
+  setivalue(&aux, i2);
+  luaT_trybinassocTM(L, p1, &aux, flip, res, event);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Calls an order tag method.
+*/
+int luaT_callorderTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                      TMS event) {
+  int tag = callbinTM(L, p1, p2, L->top.p, event);  /* try original event */
+  if (tag >= 0)  /* found tag method? */
+    return !tagisfalse(tag);
+  luaG_ordererror(L, p1, p2);  /* no metamethod found */
+  return 0;  /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+int luaT_callorderiTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, int v2,
+                       int flip, int isfloat, TMS event) {
+  TValue aux; const TValue *p2;
+  if (isfloat) {
+    setfltvalue(&aux, cast_num(v2));
+  }
+  else
+    setivalue(&aux, v2);
+  if (flip) {  /* arguments were exchanged? */
+    p2 = p1; p1 = &aux;  /* correct them */
+  }
+  else
+    p2 = &aux;
+  return luaT_callorderTM(L, p1, p2, event);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create a vararg table at the top of the stack, with 'n' elements
+** starting at 'f'.
+*/
+static void createvarargtab (lua_State *L, StkId f, int n) {
+  int i;
+  TValue key, value;
+  Table *t = luaH_new(L);
+  sethvalue(L, s2v(L->top.p), t);
+  L->top.p++;
+  luaH_resize(L, t, cast_uint(n), 1);
+  setsvalue(L, &key, luaS_new(L, "n"));  /* key is "n" */
+  setivalue(&value, n);  /* value is n */
+  /* No need to anchor the key: Due to the resize, the next operation
+     cannot trigger a garbage collection */
+  luaH_set(L, t, &key, &value);  /* t.n = n */
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    luaH_setint(L, t, i + 1, s2v(f + i));
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** initial stack:  func arg1 ... argn extra1 ...
+**                 ^ ci->func                    ^ L->top
+** final stack: func nil ... nil extra1 ... func arg1 ... argn
+**                                          ^ ci->func
+*/
+static void buildhiddenargs (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const Proto *p,
+                             int totalargs, int nfixparams, int nextra) {
+  int i;
+  ci->u.l.nextraargs = nextra;
+  luaD_checkstack(L, p->maxstacksize + 1);
+  /* copy function to the top of the stack, after extra arguments */
+  setobjs2s(L, L->top.p++, ci->func.p);
+  /* move fixed parameters to after the copied function */
+  for (i = 1; i <= nfixparams; i++) {
+    setobjs2s(L, L->top.p++, ci->func.p + i);
+    setnilvalue(s2v(ci->func.p + i));  /* erase original parameter (for GC) */
+  }
+  ci->func.p += totalargs + 1;  /* 'func' now lives after hidden arguments */
+  ci->top.p += totalargs + 1;
+}
+
+
+void luaT_adjustvarargs (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const Proto *p) {
+  int totalargs = cast_int(L->top.p - ci->func.p) - 1;
+  int nfixparams = p->numparams;
+  int nextra = totalargs - nfixparams;  /* number of extra arguments */
+  if (p->flag & PF_VATAB) {  /* does it need a vararg table? */
+    lua_assert(!(p->flag & PF_VAHID));
+    createvarargtab(L, ci->func.p + nfixparams + 1, nextra);
+    /* move table to proper place (last parameter) */
+    setobjs2s(L, ci->func.p + nfixparams + 1, L->top.p - 1);
+  }
+  else {  /* no table */
+    lua_assert(p->flag & PF_VAHID);
+    buildhiddenargs(L, ci, p, totalargs, nfixparams, nextra);
+    /* set vararg parameter to nil */
+    setnilvalue(s2v(ci->func.p + nfixparams + 1));
+    lua_assert(L->top.p <= ci->top.p && ci->top.p <= L->stack_last.p);
+  }
+}
+
+
+void luaT_getvararg (CallInfo *ci, StkId ra, TValue *rc) {
+  int nextra = ci->u.l.nextraargs;
+  lua_Integer n;
+  if (tointegerns(rc, &n)) {  /* integral value? */
+    if (l_castS2U(n) - 1 < cast_uint(nextra)) {
+      StkId slot = ci->func.p - nextra + cast_int(n) - 1;
+      setobjs2s(((lua_State*)NULL), ra, slot);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  else if (ttisstring(rc)) {  /* string value? */
+    size_t len;
+    const char *s = getlstr(tsvalue(rc), len);
+    if (len == 1 && s[0] == 'n') {  /* key is "n"? */
+      setivalue(s2v(ra), nextra);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  setnilvalue(s2v(ra));  /* else produce nil */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the number of extra arguments in a vararg function. If vararg
+** table has been optimized away, that number is in the call info.
+** Otherwise, get the field 'n' from the vararg table and check that it
+** has a proper value (non-negative integer not larger than the stack
+** limit).
+*/
+static int getnumargs (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, Table *h) {
+  if (h == NULL)  /* no vararg table? */
+    return ci->u.l.nextraargs;
+  else {
+    TValue res;
+    if (luaH_getshortstr(h, luaS_new(L, "n"), &res) != LUA_VNUMINT ||
+        l_castS2U(ivalue(&res)) > cast_uint(INT_MAX/2))
+      luaG_runerror(L, "vararg table has no proper 'n'");
+    return cast_int(ivalue(&res));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get 'wanted' vararg arguments and put them in 'where'. 'vatab' is
+** the register of the vararg table or -1 if there is no vararg table.
+*/
+void luaT_getvarargs (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId where, int wanted,
+                                    int vatab) {
+  Table *h = (vatab < 0) ? NULL : hvalue(s2v(ci->func.p + vatab + 1));
+  int nargs = getnumargs(L, ci, h);  /* number of available vararg args. */
+  int i, touse;  /* 'touse' is minimum between 'wanted' and 'nargs' */
+  if (wanted < 0) {
+    touse = wanted = nargs;  /* get all extra arguments available */
+    checkstackp(L, nargs, where);  /* ensure stack space */
+    L->top.p = where + nargs;  /* next instruction will need top */
+  }
+  else
+    touse = (nargs > wanted) ? wanted : nargs;
+  if (h == NULL) {  /* no vararg table? */
+    for (i = 0; i < touse; i++)  /* get vararg values from the stack */
+      setobjs2s(L, where + i, ci->func.p - nargs + i);
+  }
+  else {  /* get vararg values from vararg table */
+    for (i = 0; i < touse; i++) {
+      lu_byte tag = luaH_getint(h, i + 1, s2v(where + i));
+      if (tagisempty(tag))
+       setnilvalue(s2v(where + i));
+    }
+  }
+  for (; i < wanted; i++)   /* complete required results with nil */
+    setnilvalue(s2v(where + i));
 }
 

ltm.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ltm.h,v 2.10 2010/04/13 20:48:12 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ltm.h $
 ** Tag methods
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 /*
 * WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
-* grep "ORDER TM"
+* grep "ORDER TM" and "ORDER OP"
 */
 typedef enum {
   TM_INDEX,
@@ -21,37 +21,85 @@ typedef enum {
   TM_GC,
   TM_MODE,
   TM_LEN,
-  TM_EQ,  /* last tag method with `fast' access */
+  TM_EQ,  /* last tag method with fast access */
   TM_ADD,
   TM_SUB,
   TM_MUL,
-  TM_DIV,
   TM_MOD,
   TM_POW,
+  TM_DIV,
+  TM_IDIV,
+  TM_BAND,
+  TM_BOR,
+  TM_BXOR,
+  TM_SHL,
+  TM_SHR,
   TM_UNM,
+  TM_BNOT,
   TM_LT,
   TM_LE,
   TM_CONCAT,
   TM_CALL,
+  TM_CLOSE,
   TM_N		/* number of elements in the enum */
 } TMS;
 
 
+/*
+** Mask with 1 in all fast-access methods. A 1 in any of these bits
+** in the flag of a (meta)table means the metatable does not have the
+** corresponding metamethod field. (Bit 6 of the flag indicates that
+** the table is using the dummy node; bit 7 is used for 'isrealasize'.)
+*/
+#define maskflags	cast_byte(~(~0u << (TM_EQ + 1)))
 
-#define gfasttm(g,et,e) ((et) == NULL ? NULL : \
-  ((et)->flags & (1u<<(e))) ? NULL : luaT_gettm(et, e, (g)->tmname[e]))
 
-#define fasttm(l,et,e)	gfasttm(G(l), et, e)
+/*
+** Test whether there is no tagmethod.
+** (Because tagmethods use raw accesses, the result may be an "empty" nil.)
+*/
+#define notm(tm)	ttisnil(tm)
+
+#define checknoTM(mt,e)	((mt) == NULL || (mt)->flags & (1u<<(e)))
+
+#define gfasttm(g,mt,e)  \
+  (checknoTM(mt, e) ? NULL : luaT_gettm(mt, e, (g)->tmname[e]))
+
+#define fasttm(l,mt,e)	gfasttm(G(l), mt, e)
 
 #define ttypename(x)	luaT_typenames_[(x) + 1]
-#define objtypename(x)	ttypename(ttypenv(x))
 
-LUAI_DDEC const char *const luaT_typenames_[LUA_TOTALTAGS];
+LUAI_DDEC(const char *const luaT_typenames_[LUA_TOTALTYPES];)
 
 
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaT_objtypename (lua_State *L, const TValue *o);
+
 LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename);
 LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
                                                        TMS event);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaT_init (lua_State *L);
 
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_callTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+                            const TValue *p2, const TValue *p3);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaT_callTMres (lua_State *L, const TValue *f,
+                               const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2, StkId p3);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_trybinTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                              StkId res, TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_tryconcatTM (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_trybinassocTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+       const TValue *p2, int inv, StkId res, TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_trybiniTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, lua_Integer i2,
+                               int inv, StkId res, TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaT_callorderTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                                const TValue *p2, TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaT_callorderiTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, int v2,
+                                 int inv, int isfloat, TMS event);
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_adjustvarargs (lua_State *L, struct CallInfo *ci,
+                                                 const Proto *p);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_getvararg (CallInfo *ci, StkId ra, TValue *rc);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_getvarargs (lua_State *L, struct CallInfo *ci, StkId where,
+                                              int wanted, int vatab);
+
+
 #endif

lua.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lua.h,v 1.282 2011/11/29 15:55:08 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lua.h $
 ** Lua - A Scripting Language
-** Lua.org, PUC-Rio, Brazil (http://www.lua.org)
+** Lua.org, PUC-Rio, Brazil (www.lua.org)
 ** See Copyright Notice at the end of this file
 */
 
@@ -13,31 +13,34 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 
 
-#include "luaconf.h"
-
-
-#define LUA_VERSION_MAJOR	"5"
-#define LUA_VERSION_MINOR	"2"
-#define LUA_VERSION_NUM		502
-#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE	"1"
-
-#define LUA_VERSION	"Lua " LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "." LUA_VERSION_MINOR
-#define LUA_RELEASE	LUA_VERSION "." LUA_VERSION_RELEASE
-#define LUA_COPYRIGHT	LUA_RELEASE "  Copyright (C) 1994-2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio"
+#define LUA_COPYRIGHT	LUA_RELEASE "  Copyright (C) 1994-2025 Lua.org, PUC-Rio"
 #define LUA_AUTHORS	"R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo, W. Celes"
 
 
+#define LUA_VERSION_MAJOR_N	5
+#define LUA_VERSION_MINOR_N	5
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE_N	0
+
+#define LUA_VERSION_NUM  (LUA_VERSION_MAJOR_N * 100 + LUA_VERSION_MINOR_N)
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE_NUM  (LUA_VERSION_NUM * 100 + LUA_VERSION_RELEASE_N)
+
+
+#include "luaconf.h"
+
+
 /* mark for precompiled code ('<esc>Lua') */
-#define LUA_SIGNATURE	"\033Lua"
+#define LUA_SIGNATURE	"\x1bLua"
 
 /* option for multiple returns in 'lua_pcall' and 'lua_call' */
 #define LUA_MULTRET	(-1)
 
 
 /*
-** pseudo-indices
+** Pseudo-indices
+** (The stack size is limited to INT_MAX/2; we keep some free empty
+** space after that to help overflow detection.)
 */
-#define LUA_REGISTRYINDEX	LUAI_FIRSTPSEUDOIDX
+#define LUA_REGISTRYINDEX	(-(INT_MAX/2 + 1000))
 #define lua_upvalueindex(i)	(LUA_REGISTRYINDEX - (i))
 
 
@@ -47,28 +50,11 @@
 #define LUA_ERRRUN	2
 #define LUA_ERRSYNTAX	3
 #define LUA_ERRMEM	4
-#define LUA_ERRGCMM	5
-#define LUA_ERRERR	6
+#define LUA_ERRERR	5
 
 
 typedef struct lua_State lua_State;
 
-typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);
-
-
-/*
-** functions that read/write blocks when loading/dumping Lua chunks
-*/
-typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *sz);
-
-typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L, const void* p, size_t sz, void* ud);
-
-
-/*
-** prototype for memory-allocation functions
-*/
-typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
-
 
 /*
 ** basic types
@@ -85,7 +71,7 @@ typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
 #define LUA_TUSERDATA		7
 #define LUA_TTHREAD		8
 
-#define LUA_NUMTAGS		9
+#define LUA_NUMTYPES		9
 
 
 
@@ -94,9 +80,10 @@ typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
 
 
 /* predefined values in the registry */
-#define LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD	1
+/* index 1 is reserved for the reference mechanism */
 #define LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS	2
-#define LUA_RIDX_LAST		LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS
+#define LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD	3
+#define LUA_RIDX_LAST		3
 
 
 /* type of numbers in Lua */
@@ -109,6 +96,51 @@ typedef LUA_INTEGER lua_Integer;
 /* unsigned integer type */
 typedef LUA_UNSIGNED lua_Unsigned;
 
+/* type for continuation-function contexts */
+typedef LUA_KCONTEXT lua_KContext;
+
+
+/*
+** Type for C functions registered with Lua
+*/
+typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);
+
+/*
+** Type for continuation functions
+*/
+typedef int (*lua_KFunction) (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext ctx);
+
+
+/*
+** Type for functions that read/write blocks when loading/dumping Lua chunks
+*/
+typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *sz);
+
+typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L, const void *p, size_t sz, void *ud);
+
+
+/*
+** Type for memory-allocation functions
+*/
+typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+
+
+/*
+** Type for warning functions
+*/
+typedef void (*lua_WarnFunction) (void *ud, const char *msg, int tocont);
+
+
+/*
+** Type used by the debug API to collect debug information
+*/
+typedef struct lua_Debug lua_Debug;
+
+
+/*
+** Functions to be called by the debugger in specific events
+*/
+typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);
 
 
 /*
@@ -119,18 +151,24 @@ typedef LUA_UNSIGNED lua_Unsigned;
 #endif
 
 
+/*
+** RCS ident string
+*/
+extern const char lua_ident[];
+
 
 /*
 ** state manipulation
 */
-LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newstate) (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newstate) (lua_Alloc f, void *ud, unsigned seed);
 LUA_API void       (lua_close) (lua_State *L);
 LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newthread) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int        (lua_closethread) (lua_State *L, lua_State *from);
 
 LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_atpanic) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);
 
 
-LUA_API const lua_Number *(lua_version) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API lua_Number (lua_version) (lua_State *L);
 
 
 /*
@@ -140,11 +178,9 @@ LUA_API int   (lua_absindex) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API int   (lua_gettop) (lua_State *L);
 LUA_API void  (lua_settop) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API void  (lua_pushvalue) (lua_State *L, int idx);
-LUA_API void  (lua_remove) (lua_State *L, int idx);
-LUA_API void  (lua_insert) (lua_State *L, int idx);
-LUA_API void  (lua_replace) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void  (lua_rotate) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
 LUA_API void  (lua_copy) (lua_State *L, int fromidx, int toidx);
-LUA_API int   (lua_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz);
+LUA_API int   (lua_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int n);
 
 LUA_API void  (lua_xmove) (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);
 
@@ -156,16 +192,16 @@ LUA_API void  (lua_xmove) (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);
 LUA_API int             (lua_isnumber) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API int             (lua_isstring) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API int             (lua_iscfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int             (lua_isinteger) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API int             (lua_isuserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API int             (lua_type) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API const char     *(lua_typename) (lua_State *L, int tp);
 
 LUA_API lua_Number      (lua_tonumberx) (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum);
 LUA_API lua_Integer     (lua_tointegerx) (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum);
-LUA_API lua_Unsigned    (lua_tounsignedx) (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum);
 LUA_API int             (lua_toboolean) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API const char     *(lua_tolstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);
-LUA_API size_t          (lua_rawlen) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API lua_Unsigned    (lua_rawlen) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API lua_CFunction   (lua_tocfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API void	       *(lua_touserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API lua_State      *(lua_tothread) (lua_State *L, int idx);
@@ -176,13 +212,20 @@ LUA_API const void     *(lua_topointer) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 ** Comparison and arithmetic functions
 */
 
-#define LUA_OPADD	0	/* ORDER TM */
+#define LUA_OPADD	0	/* ORDER TM, ORDER OP */
 #define LUA_OPSUB	1
 #define LUA_OPMUL	2
-#define LUA_OPDIV	3
-#define LUA_OPMOD	4
-#define LUA_OPPOW	5
-#define LUA_OPUNM	6
+#define LUA_OPMOD	3
+#define LUA_OPPOW	4
+#define LUA_OPDIV	5
+#define LUA_OPIDIV	6
+#define LUA_OPBAND	7
+#define LUA_OPBOR	8
+#define LUA_OPBXOR	9
+#define LUA_OPSHL	10
+#define LUA_OPSHR	11
+#define LUA_OPUNM	12
+#define LUA_OPBNOT	13
 
 LUA_API void  (lua_arith) (lua_State *L, int op);
 
@@ -200,8 +243,9 @@ LUA_API int   (lua_compare) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2, int op);
 LUA_API void        (lua_pushnil) (lua_State *L);
 LUA_API void        (lua_pushnumber) (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);
 LUA_API void        (lua_pushinteger) (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);
-LUA_API void        (lua_pushunsigned) (lua_State *L, lua_Unsigned n);
-LUA_API const char *(lua_pushlstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t l);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushlstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushexternalstring) (lua_State *L,
+		const char *s, size_t len, lua_Alloc falloc, void *ud);
 LUA_API const char *(lua_pushstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
 LUA_API const char *(lua_pushvfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
                                                       va_list argp);
@@ -215,62 +259,73 @@ LUA_API int   (lua_pushthread) (lua_State *L);
 /*
 ** get functions (Lua -> stack)
 */
-LUA_API void  (lua_getglobal) (lua_State *L, const char *var);
-LUA_API void  (lua_gettable) (lua_State *L, int idx);
-LUA_API void  (lua_getfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);
-LUA_API void  (lua_rawget) (lua_State *L, int idx);
-LUA_API void  (lua_rawgeti) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
-LUA_API void  (lua_rawgetp) (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p);
+LUA_API int (lua_getglobal) (lua_State *L, const char *name);
+LUA_API int (lua_gettable) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_getfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);
+LUA_API int (lua_geti) (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API int (lua_rawget) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_rawgeti) (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API int (lua_rawgetp) (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p);
+
 LUA_API void  (lua_createtable) (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);
-LUA_API void *(lua_newuserdata) (lua_State *L, size_t sz);
+LUA_API void *(lua_newuserdatauv) (lua_State *L, size_t sz, int nuvalue);
 LUA_API int   (lua_getmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);
-LUA_API void  (lua_getuservalue) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int  (lua_getiuservalue) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
 
 
 /*
 ** set functions (stack -> Lua)
 */
-LUA_API void  (lua_setglobal) (lua_State *L, const char *var);
+LUA_API void  (lua_setglobal) (lua_State *L, const char *name);
 LUA_API void  (lua_settable) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API void  (lua_setfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);
+LUA_API void  (lua_seti) (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
 LUA_API void  (lua_rawset) (lua_State *L, int idx);
-LUA_API void  (lua_rawseti) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+LUA_API void  (lua_rawseti) (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
 LUA_API void  (lua_rawsetp) (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p);
 LUA_API int   (lua_setmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);
-LUA_API void  (lua_setuservalue) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int   (lua_setiuservalue) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
 
 
 /*
 ** 'load' and 'call' functions (load and run Lua code)
 */
-LUA_API void  (lua_callk) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int ctx,
-                           lua_CFunction k);
+LUA_API void  (lua_callk) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults,
+                           lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k);
 #define lua_call(L,n,r)		lua_callk(L, (n), (r), 0, NULL)
 
-LUA_API int   (lua_getctx) (lua_State *L, int *ctx);
-
 LUA_API int   (lua_pcallk) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc,
-                            int ctx, lua_CFunction k);
+                            lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k);
 #define lua_pcall(L,n,r,f)	lua_pcallk(L, (n), (r), (f), 0, NULL)
 
 LUA_API int   (lua_load) (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *dt,
-                                        const char *chunkname,
-                                        const char *mode);
+                          const char *chunkname, const char *mode);
 
-LUA_API int (lua_dump) (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data);
+LUA_API int (lua_dump) (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data, int strip);
 
 
 /*
 ** coroutine functions
 */
-LUA_API int  (lua_yieldk) (lua_State *L, int nresults, int ctx,
-                           lua_CFunction k);
+LUA_API int  (lua_yieldk)     (lua_State *L, int nresults, lua_KContext ctx,
+                               lua_KFunction k);
+LUA_API int  (lua_resume)     (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int narg,
+                               int *nres);
+LUA_API int  (lua_status)     (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int (lua_isyieldable) (lua_State *L);
+
 #define lua_yield(L,n)		lua_yieldk(L, (n), 0, NULL)
-LUA_API int  (lua_resume) (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int narg);
-LUA_API int  (lua_status) (lua_State *L);
+
 
 /*
-** garbage-collection function and options
+** Warning-related functions
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_setwarnf) (lua_State *L, lua_WarnFunction f, void *ud);
+LUA_API void (lua_warning)  (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont);
+
+
+/*
+** garbage-collection options
 */
 
 #define LUA_GCSTOP		0
@@ -279,14 +334,30 @@ LUA_API int  (lua_status) (lua_State *L);
 #define LUA_GCCOUNT		3
 #define LUA_GCCOUNTB		4
 #define LUA_GCSTEP		5
-#define LUA_GCSETPAUSE		6
-#define LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL	7
-#define LUA_GCSETMAJORINC	8
-#define LUA_GCISRUNNING		9
-#define LUA_GCGEN		10
-#define LUA_GCINC		11
+#define LUA_GCISRUNNING		6
+#define LUA_GCGEN		7
+#define LUA_GCINC		8
+#define LUA_GCPARAM		9
 
-LUA_API int (lua_gc) (lua_State *L, int what, int data);
+
+/*
+** garbage-collection parameters
+*/
+/* parameters for generational mode */
+#define LUA_GCPMINORMUL		0  /* control minor collections */
+#define LUA_GCPMAJORMINOR	1  /* control shift major->minor */
+#define LUA_GCPMINORMAJOR	2  /* control shift minor->major */
+
+/* parameters for incremental mode */
+#define LUA_GCPPAUSE		3  /* size of pause between successive GCs */
+#define LUA_GCPSTEPMUL		4  /* GC "speed" */
+#define LUA_GCPSTEPSIZE		5  /* GC granularity */
+
+/* number of parameters */
+#define LUA_GCPN		6
+
+
+LUA_API int (lua_gc) (lua_State *L, int what, ...);
 
 
 /*
@@ -300,20 +371,27 @@ LUA_API int   (lua_next) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 LUA_API void  (lua_concat) (lua_State *L, int n);
 LUA_API void  (lua_len)    (lua_State *L, int idx);
 
+#define LUA_N2SBUFFSZ	64
+LUA_API unsigned  (lua_numbertocstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, char *buff);
+LUA_API size_t  (lua_stringtonumber) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+
 LUA_API lua_Alloc (lua_getallocf) (lua_State *L, void **ud);
 LUA_API void      (lua_setallocf) (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
 
+LUA_API void (lua_toclose) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_closeslot) (lua_State *L, int idx);
 
 
 /*
-** ===============================================================
+** {==============================================================
 ** some useful macros
 ** ===============================================================
 */
 
-#define lua_tonumber(L,i)	lua_tonumberx(L,i,NULL)
-#define lua_tointeger(L,i)	lua_tointegerx(L,i,NULL)
-#define lua_tounsigned(L,i)	lua_tounsignedx(L,i,NULL)
+#define lua_getextraspace(L)	((void *)((char *)(L) - LUA_EXTRASPACE))
+
+#define lua_tonumber(L,i)	lua_tonumberx(L,(i),NULL)
+#define lua_tointeger(L,i)	lua_tointegerx(L,(i),NULL)
 
 #define lua_pop(L,n)		lua_settop(L, -(n)-1)
 
@@ -332,15 +410,36 @@ LUA_API void      (lua_setallocf) (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
 #define lua_isnone(L,n)		(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNONE)
 #define lua_isnoneornil(L, n)	(lua_type(L, (n)) <= 0)
 
-#define lua_pushliteral(L, s)	\
-	lua_pushlstring(L, "" s, (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1)
+#define lua_pushliteral(L, s)	lua_pushstring(L, "" s)
 
 #define lua_pushglobaltable(L)  \
-	lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS)
+	((void)lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS))
 
 #define lua_tostring(L,i)	lua_tolstring(L, (i), NULL)
 
 
+#define lua_insert(L,idx)	lua_rotate(L, (idx), 1)
+
+#define lua_remove(L,idx)	(lua_rotate(L, (idx), -1), lua_pop(L, 1))
+
+#define lua_replace(L,idx)	(lua_copy(L, -1, (idx)), lua_pop(L, 1))
+
+/* }============================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==============================================================
+** compatibility macros
+** ===============================================================
+*/
+
+#define lua_newuserdata(L,s)	lua_newuserdatauv(L,s,1)
+#define lua_getuservalue(L,idx)	lua_getiuservalue(L,idx,1)
+#define lua_setuservalue(L,idx)	lua_setiuservalue(L,idx,1)
+
+#define lua_resetthread(L)	lua_closethread(L,NULL)
+
+/* }============================================================== */
 
 /*
 ** {======================================================================
@@ -367,12 +466,6 @@ LUA_API void      (lua_setallocf) (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
 #define LUA_MASKLINE	(1 << LUA_HOOKLINE)
 #define LUA_MASKCOUNT	(1 << LUA_HOOKCOUNT)
 
-typedef struct lua_Debug lua_Debug;  /* activation record */
-
-
-/* Functions to be called by the debugger in specific events */
-typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);
-
 
 LUA_API int (lua_getstack) (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);
 LUA_API int (lua_getinfo) (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);
@@ -385,7 +478,7 @@ LUA_API void *(lua_upvalueid) (lua_State *L, int fidx, int n);
 LUA_API void  (lua_upvaluejoin) (lua_State *L, int fidx1, int n1,
                                                int fidx2, int n2);
 
-LUA_API int (lua_sethook) (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count);
+LUA_API void (lua_sethook) (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count);
 LUA_API lua_Hook (lua_gethook) (lua_State *L);
 LUA_API int (lua_gethookmask) (lua_State *L);
 LUA_API int (lua_gethookcount) (lua_State *L);
@@ -397,13 +490,17 @@ struct lua_Debug {
   const char *namewhat;	/* (n) 'global', 'local', 'field', 'method' */
   const char *what;	/* (S) 'Lua', 'C', 'main', 'tail' */
   const char *source;	/* (S) */
+  size_t srclen;	/* (S) */
   int currentline;	/* (l) */
   int linedefined;	/* (S) */
   int lastlinedefined;	/* (S) */
   unsigned char nups;	/* (u) number of upvalues */
   unsigned char nparams;/* (u) number of parameters */
   char isvararg;        /* (u) */
+  unsigned char extraargs;  /* (t) number of extra arguments */
   char istailcall;	/* (t) */
+  int ftransfer;   /* (r) index of first value transferred */
+  int ntransfer;   /* (r) number of transferred values */
   char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */
   /* private part */
   struct CallInfo *i_ci;  /* active function */
@@ -412,8 +509,19 @@ struct lua_Debug {
 /* }====================================================================== */
 
 
+#define LUAI_TOSTRAUX(x)	#x
+#define LUAI_TOSTR(x)		LUAI_TOSTRAUX(x)
+
+#define LUA_VERSION_MAJOR	LUAI_TOSTR(LUA_VERSION_MAJOR_N)
+#define LUA_VERSION_MINOR	LUAI_TOSTR(LUA_VERSION_MINOR_N)
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE	LUAI_TOSTR(LUA_VERSION_RELEASE_N)
+
+#define LUA_VERSION	"Lua " LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "." LUA_VERSION_MINOR
+#define LUA_RELEASE	LUA_VERSION "." LUA_VERSION_RELEASE
+
+
 /******************************************************************************
-* Copyright (C) 1994-2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+* Copyright (C) 1994-2025 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the

lualib.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lualib.h,v 1.42 2011/05/25 14:12:28 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lualib.h $
 ** Lua standard libraries
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -11,45 +11,55 @@
 #include "lua.h"
 
 
+/* version suffix for environment variable names */
+#define LUA_VERSUFFIX          "_" LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "_" LUA_VERSION_MINOR
 
+#define LUA_GLIBK		1
 LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_base) (lua_State *L);
 
-#define LUA_COLIBNAME	"coroutine"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_coroutine) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_TABLIBNAME	"table"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_table) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_IOLIBNAME	"io"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_io) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_OSLIBNAME	"os"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_os) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_STRLIBNAME	"string"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_string) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_BITLIBNAME	"bit32"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_bit32) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_MATHLIBNAME	"math"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_math) (lua_State *L);
-
-#define LUA_DBLIBNAME	"debug"
-LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_debug) (lua_State *L);
-
 #define LUA_LOADLIBNAME	"package"
+#define LUA_LOADLIBK	(LUA_GLIBK << 1)
 LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_package) (lua_State *L);
 
 
-/* open all previous libraries */
-LUALIB_API void (luaL_openlibs) (lua_State *L);
+#define LUA_COLIBNAME	"coroutine"
+#define LUA_COLIBK	(LUA_LOADLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_coroutine) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_DBLIBNAME	"debug"
+#define LUA_DBLIBK	(LUA_COLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_debug) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_IOLIBNAME	"io"
+#define LUA_IOLIBK	(LUA_DBLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_io) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_MATHLIBNAME	"math"
+#define LUA_MATHLIBK	(LUA_IOLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_math) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_OSLIBNAME	"os"
+#define LUA_OSLIBK	(LUA_MATHLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_os) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_STRLIBNAME	"string"
+#define LUA_STRLIBK	(LUA_OSLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_string) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_TABLIBNAME	"table"
+#define LUA_TABLIBK	(LUA_STRLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_table) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_UTF8LIBNAME	"utf8"
+#define LUA_UTF8LIBK	(LUA_TABLIBK << 1)
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_utf8) (lua_State *L);
 
 
+/* open selected libraries */
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_openselectedlibs) (lua_State *L, int load, int preload);
 
-#if !defined(lua_assert)
-#define lua_assert(x)	((void)0)
-#endif
+/* open all libraries */
+#define luaL_openlibs(L)	luaL_openselectedlibs(L, ~0, 0)
 
 
 #endif

lundump.c

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lundump.c,v 2.21 2012/03/19 22:58:09 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lundump.c $
 ** load precompiled Lua chunks
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
-#include <string.h>
-
 #define lundump_c
 #define LUA_CORE
 
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
 #include "lua.h"
 
 #include "ldebug.h"
@@ -17,242 +21,404 @@
 #include "lmem.h"
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
 #include "lundump.h"
 #include "lzio.h"
 
-typedef struct {
- lua_State* L;
- ZIO* Z;
- Mbuffer* b;
- const char* name;
-} LoadState;
-
-static l_noret error(LoadState* S, const char* why)
-{
- luaO_pushfstring(S->L,"%s: %s precompiled chunk",S->name,why);
- luaD_throw(S->L,LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
-}
-
-#define LoadMem(S,b,n,size)	LoadBlock(S,b,(n)*(size))
-#define LoadByte(S)		(lu_byte)LoadChar(S)
-#define LoadVar(S,x)		LoadMem(S,&x,1,sizeof(x))
-#define LoadVector(S,b,n,size)	LoadMem(S,b,n,size)
 
 #if !defined(luai_verifycode)
-#define luai_verifycode(L,b,f)	/* empty */
+#define luai_verifycode(L,f)  /* empty */
 #endif
 
-static void LoadBlock(LoadState* S, void* b, size_t size)
-{
- if (luaZ_read(S->Z,b,size)!=0) error(S,"truncated");
+
+typedef struct {
+  lua_State *L;
+  ZIO *Z;
+  const char *name;
+  Table *h;  /* list for string reuse */
+  size_t offset;  /* current position relative to beginning of dump */
+  lua_Unsigned nstr;  /* number of strings in the list */
+  lu_byte fixed;  /* dump is fixed in memory */
+} LoadState;
+
+
+static l_noret error (LoadState *S, const char *why) {
+  luaO_pushfstring(S->L, "%s: bad binary format (%s)", S->name, why);
+  luaD_throw(S->L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
 }
 
-static int LoadChar(LoadState* S)
-{
- char x;
- LoadVar(S,x);
- return x;
+
+/*
+** All high-level loads go through loadVector; you can change it to
+** adapt to the endianness of the input
+*/
+#define loadVector(S,b,n)	loadBlock(S,b,cast_sizet(n)*sizeof((b)[0]))
+
+static void loadBlock (LoadState *S, void *b, size_t size) {
+  if (luaZ_read(S->Z, b, size) != 0)
+    error(S, "truncated chunk");
+  S->offset += size;
 }
 
-static int LoadInt(LoadState* S)
-{
- int x;
- LoadVar(S,x);
- if (x<0) error(S,"corrupted");
- return x;
-}
 
-static lua_Number LoadNumber(LoadState* S)
-{
- lua_Number x;
- LoadVar(S,x);
- return x;
-}
-
-static TString* LoadString(LoadState* S)
-{
- size_t size;
- LoadVar(S,size);
- if (size==0)
-  return NULL;
- else
- {
-  char* s=luaZ_openspace(S->L,S->b,size);
-  LoadBlock(S,s,size*sizeof(char));
-  return luaS_newlstr(S->L,s,size-1);		/* remove trailing '\0' */
- }
-}
-
-static void LoadCode(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
-{
- int n=LoadInt(S);
- f->code=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Instruction);
- f->sizecode=n;
- LoadVector(S,f->code,n,sizeof(Instruction));
-}
-
-static void LoadFunction(LoadState* S, Proto* f);
-
-static void LoadConstants(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
-{
- int i,n;
- n=LoadInt(S);
- f->k=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,TValue);
- f->sizek=n;
- for (i=0; i<n; i++) setnilvalue(&f->k[i]);
- for (i=0; i<n; i++)
- {
-  TValue* o=&f->k[i];
-  int t=LoadChar(S);
-  switch (t)
-  {
-   case LUA_TNIL:
-	setnilvalue(o);
-	break;
-   case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
-	setbvalue(o,LoadChar(S));
-	break;
-   case LUA_TNUMBER:
-	setnvalue(o,LoadNumber(S));
-	break;
-   case LUA_TSTRING:
-	setsvalue2n(S->L,o,LoadString(S));
-	break;
-    default: lua_assert(0);
+static void loadAlign (LoadState *S, unsigned align) {
+  unsigned padding = align - cast_uint(S->offset % align);
+  if (padding < align) {  /* (padding == align) means no padding */
+    lua_Integer paddingContent;
+    loadBlock(S, &paddingContent, padding);
+    lua_assert(S->offset % align == 0);
   }
- }
- n=LoadInt(S);
- f->p=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Proto*);
- f->sizep=n;
- for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->p[i]=NULL;
- for (i=0; i<n; i++)
- {
-  f->p[i]=luaF_newproto(S->L);
-  LoadFunction(S,f->p[i]);
- }
 }
 
-static void LoadUpvalues(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
-{
- int i,n;
- n=LoadInt(S);
- f->upvalues=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Upvaldesc);
- f->sizeupvalues=n;
- for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->upvalues[i].name=NULL;
- for (i=0; i<n; i++)
- {
-  f->upvalues[i].instack=LoadByte(S);
-  f->upvalues[i].idx=LoadByte(S);
- }
+
+#define getaddr(S,n,t)	cast(t *, getaddr_(S,cast_sizet(n) * sizeof(t)))
+
+static const void *getaddr_ (LoadState *S, size_t size) {
+  const void *block = luaZ_getaddr(S->Z, size);
+  S->offset += size;
+  if (block == NULL)
+    error(S, "truncated fixed buffer");
+  return block;
 }
 
-static void LoadDebug(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
-{
- int i,n;
- f->source=LoadString(S);
- n=LoadInt(S);
- f->lineinfo=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,int);
- f->sizelineinfo=n;
- LoadVector(S,f->lineinfo,n,sizeof(int));
- n=LoadInt(S);
- f->locvars=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,LocVar);
- f->sizelocvars=n;
- for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->locvars[i].varname=NULL;
- for (i=0; i<n; i++)
- {
-  f->locvars[i].varname=LoadString(S);
-  f->locvars[i].startpc=LoadInt(S);
-  f->locvars[i].endpc=LoadInt(S);
- }
- n=LoadInt(S);
- for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->upvalues[i].name=LoadString(S);
+
+#define loadVar(S,x)		loadVector(S,&x,1)
+
+
+static lu_byte loadByte (LoadState *S) {
+  int b = zgetc(S->Z);
+  if (b == EOZ)
+    error(S, "truncated chunk");
+  S->offset++;
+  return cast_byte(b);
 }
 
-static void LoadFunction(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
-{
- f->linedefined=LoadInt(S);
- f->lastlinedefined=LoadInt(S);
- f->numparams=LoadByte(S);
- f->is_vararg=LoadByte(S);
- f->maxstacksize=LoadByte(S);
- LoadCode(S,f);
- LoadConstants(S,f);
- LoadUpvalues(S,f);
- LoadDebug(S,f);
+
+static lua_Unsigned loadVarint (LoadState *S, lua_Unsigned limit) {
+  lua_Unsigned x = 0;
+  int b;
+  limit >>= 7;
+  do {
+    b = loadByte(S);
+    if (x > limit)
+      error(S, "integer overflow");
+    x = (x << 7) | (b & 0x7f);
+  } while ((b & 0x80) != 0);
+  return x;
 }
 
-/* the code below must be consistent with the code in luaU_header */
-#define N0	LUAC_HEADERSIZE
-#define N1	(sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-sizeof(char))
-#define N2	N1+2
-#define N3	N2+6
 
-static void LoadHeader(LoadState* S)
-{
- lu_byte h[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
- lu_byte s[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
- luaU_header(h);
- memcpy(s,h,sizeof(char));			/* first char already read */
- LoadBlock(S,s+sizeof(char),LUAC_HEADERSIZE-sizeof(char));
- if (memcmp(h,s,N0)==0) return;
- if (memcmp(h,s,N1)!=0) error(S,"not a");
- if (memcmp(h,s,N2)!=0) error(S,"version mismatch in");
- if (memcmp(h,s,N3)!=0) error(S,"incompatible"); else error(S,"corrupted");
+static size_t loadSize (LoadState *S) {
+  return cast_sizet(loadVarint(S, MAX_SIZE));
 }
 
+
+static int loadInt (LoadState *S) {
+  return cast_int(loadVarint(S, cast_sizet(INT_MAX)));
+}
+
+
+
+static lua_Number loadNumber (LoadState *S) {
+  lua_Number x;
+  loadVar(S, x);
+  return x;
+}
+
+
+static lua_Integer loadInteger (LoadState *S) {
+  lua_Unsigned cx = loadVarint(S, LUA_MAXUNSIGNED);
+  /* decode unsigned to signed */
+  if ((cx & 1) != 0)
+    return l_castU2S(~(cx >> 1));
+  else
+    return l_castU2S(cx >> 1);
+}
+
+
 /*
-** load precompiled chunk
+** Load a nullable string into slot 'sl' from prototype 'p'. The
+** assignment to the slot and the barrier must be performed before any
+** possible GC activity, to anchor the string. (Both 'loadVector' and
+** 'luaH_setint' can call the GC.)
 */
-Closure* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, Mbuffer* buff, const char* name)
-{
- LoadState S;
- Closure* cl;
- if (*name=='@' || *name=='=')
-  S.name=name+1;
- else if (*name==LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
-  S.name="binary string";
- else
-  S.name=name;
- S.L=L;
- S.Z=Z;
- S.b=buff;
- LoadHeader(&S);
- cl=luaF_newLclosure(L,1);
- setclLvalue(L,L->top,cl); incr_top(L);
- cl->l.p=luaF_newproto(L);
- LoadFunction(&S,cl->l.p);
- if (cl->l.p->sizeupvalues != 1)
- {
-  Proto* p=cl->l.p;
-  cl=luaF_newLclosure(L,cl->l.p->sizeupvalues);
-  cl->l.p=p;
-  setclLvalue(L,L->top-1,cl);
- }
- luai_verifycode(L,buff,cl->l.p);
- return cl;
+static void loadString (LoadState *S, Proto *p, TString **sl) {
+  lua_State *L = S->L;
+  TString *ts;
+  TValue sv;
+  size_t size = loadSize(S);
+  if (size == 0) {  /* previously saved string? */
+    lua_Unsigned idx = loadVarint(S, LUA_MAXUNSIGNED);  /* get its index */
+    TValue stv;
+    if (idx == 0) {  /* no string? */
+      lua_assert(*sl == NULL);  /* must be prefilled */
+      return;
+    }
+    if (novariant(luaH_getint(S->h, l_castU2S(idx), &stv)) != LUA_TSTRING)
+      error(S, "invalid string index");
+    *sl = ts = tsvalue(&stv);  /* get its value */
+    luaC_objbarrier(L, p, ts);
+    return;  /* do not save it again */
+  }
+  else if ((size -= 1) <= LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN) {  /* short string? */
+    char buff[LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN + 1];  /* extra space for '\0' */
+    loadVector(S, buff, size + 1);  /* load string into buffer */
+    *sl = ts = luaS_newlstr(L, buff, size);  /* create string */
+    luaC_objbarrier(L, p, ts);
+  }
+  else if (S->fixed) {  /* for a fixed buffer, use a fixed string */
+    const char *s = getaddr(S, size + 1, char);  /* get content address */
+    *sl = ts = luaS_newextlstr(L, s, size, NULL, NULL);
+    luaC_objbarrier(L, p, ts);
+  }
+  else {  /* create internal copy */
+    *sl = ts = luaS_createlngstrobj(L, size);  /* create string */
+    luaC_objbarrier(L, p, ts);
+    loadVector(S, getlngstr(ts), size + 1);  /* load directly in final place */
+  }
+  /* add string to list of saved strings */
+  S->nstr++;
+  setsvalue(L, &sv, ts);
+  luaH_setint(L, S->h, l_castU2S(S->nstr), &sv);
+  luaC_objbarrierback(L, obj2gco(S->h), ts);
+}
+
+
+static void loadCode (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int n = loadInt(S);
+  loadAlign(S, sizeof(f->code[0]));
+  if (S->fixed) {
+    f->code = getaddr(S, n, Instruction);
+    f->sizecode = n;
+  }
+  else {
+    f->code = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, Instruction);
+    f->sizecode = n;
+    loadVector(S, f->code, n);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void loadFunction(LoadState *S, Proto *f);
+
+
+static void loadConstants (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = loadInt(S);
+  f->k = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, TValue);
+  f->sizek = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    setnilvalue(&f->k[i]);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    TValue *o = &f->k[i];
+    int t = loadByte(S);
+    switch (t) {
+      case LUA_VNIL:
+        setnilvalue(o);
+        break;
+      case LUA_VFALSE:
+        setbfvalue(o);
+        break;
+      case LUA_VTRUE:
+        setbtvalue(o);
+        break;
+      case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+        setfltvalue(o, loadNumber(S));
+        break;
+      case LUA_VNUMINT:
+        setivalue(o, loadInteger(S));
+        break;
+      case LUA_VSHRSTR:
+      case LUA_VLNGSTR: {
+        lua_assert(f->source == NULL);
+        loadString(S, f, &f->source);  /* use 'source' to anchor string */
+        if (f->source == NULL)
+          error(S, "bad format for constant string");
+        setsvalue2n(S->L, o, f->source);  /* save it in the right place */
+        f->source = NULL;
+        break;
+      }
+      default: error(S, "invalid constant");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void loadProtos (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = loadInt(S);
+  f->p = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, Proto *);
+  f->sizep = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    f->p[i] = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    f->p[i] = luaF_newproto(S->L);
+    luaC_objbarrier(S->L, f, f->p[i]);
+    loadFunction(S, f->p[i]);
+  }
 }
 
-#define MYINT(s)	(s[0]-'0')
-#define VERSION		MYINT(LUA_VERSION_MAJOR)*16+MYINT(LUA_VERSION_MINOR)
-#define FORMAT		0		/* this is the official format */
 
 /*
-* make header for precompiled chunks
-* if you change the code below be sure to update LoadHeader and FORMAT above
-* and LUAC_HEADERSIZE in lundump.h
+** Load the upvalues for a function. The names must be filled first,
+** because the filling of the other fields can raise read errors and
+** the creation of the error message can call an emergency collection;
+** in that case all prototypes must be consistent for the GC.
 */
-void luaU_header (lu_byte* h)
-{
- int x=1;
- memcpy(h,LUA_SIGNATURE,sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-sizeof(char));
- h+=sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-sizeof(char);
- *h++=cast_byte(VERSION);
- *h++=cast_byte(FORMAT);
- *h++=cast_byte(*(char*)&x);			/* endianness */
- *h++=cast_byte(sizeof(int));
- *h++=cast_byte(sizeof(size_t));
- *h++=cast_byte(sizeof(Instruction));
- *h++=cast_byte(sizeof(lua_Number));
- *h++=cast_byte(((lua_Number)0.5)==0);		/* is lua_Number integral? */
- memcpy(h,LUAC_TAIL,sizeof(LUAC_TAIL)-sizeof(char));
+static void loadUpvalues (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = loadInt(S);
+  f->upvalues = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, Upvaldesc);
+  f->sizeupvalues = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)  /* make array valid for GC */
+    f->upvalues[i].name = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {  /* following calls can raise errors */
+    f->upvalues[i].instack = loadByte(S);
+    f->upvalues[i].idx = loadByte(S);
+    f->upvalues[i].kind = loadByte(S);
+  }
 }
+
+
+static void loadDebug (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = loadInt(S);
+  if (S->fixed) {
+    f->lineinfo = getaddr(S, n, ls_byte);
+    f->sizelineinfo = n;
+  }
+  else {
+    f->lineinfo = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, ls_byte);
+    f->sizelineinfo = n;
+    loadVector(S, f->lineinfo, n);
+  }
+  n = loadInt(S);
+  if (n > 0) {
+    loadAlign(S, sizeof(int));
+    if (S->fixed) {
+      f->abslineinfo = getaddr(S, n, AbsLineInfo);
+      f->sizeabslineinfo = n;
+    }
+    else {
+      f->abslineinfo = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, AbsLineInfo);
+      f->sizeabslineinfo = n;
+      loadVector(S, f->abslineinfo, n);
+    }
+  }
+  n = loadInt(S);
+  f->locvars = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, LocVar);
+  f->sizelocvars = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    f->locvars[i].varname = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    loadString(S, f, &f->locvars[i].varname);
+    f->locvars[i].startpc = loadInt(S);
+    f->locvars[i].endpc = loadInt(S);
+  }
+  n = loadInt(S);
+  if (n != 0)  /* does it have debug information? */
+    n = f->sizeupvalues;  /* must be this many */
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    loadString(S, f, &f->upvalues[i].name);
+}
+
+
+static void loadFunction (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  f->linedefined = loadInt(S);
+  f->lastlinedefined = loadInt(S);
+  f->numparams = loadByte(S);
+  /* get only the meaningful flags */
+  f->flag = cast_byte(loadByte(S) & ~PF_FIXED);
+  if (S->fixed)
+    f->flag |= PF_FIXED;  /* signal that code is fixed */
+  f->maxstacksize = loadByte(S);
+  loadCode(S, f);
+  loadConstants(S, f);
+  loadUpvalues(S, f);
+  loadProtos(S, f);
+  loadString(S, f, &f->source);
+  loadDebug(S, f);
+}
+
+
+static void checkliteral (LoadState *S, const char *s, const char *msg) {
+  char buff[sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE) + sizeof(LUAC_DATA)]; /* larger than both */
+  size_t len = strlen(s);
+  loadVector(S, buff, len);
+  if (memcmp(s, buff, len) != 0)
+    error(S, msg);
+}
+
+
+static l_noret numerror (LoadState *S, const char *what, const char *tname) {
+  const char *msg = luaO_pushfstring(S->L, "%s %s mismatch", tname, what);
+  error(S, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void checknumsize (LoadState *S, int size, const char *tname) {
+  if (size != loadByte(S))
+    numerror(S, "size", tname);
+}
+
+
+static void checknumformat (LoadState *S, int eq, const char *tname) {
+  if (!eq)
+    numerror(S, "format", tname);
+}
+
+
+#define checknum(S,tvar,value,tname)  \
+  { tvar i; checknumsize(S, sizeof(i), tname); \
+    loadVar(S, i); \
+    checknumformat(S, i == value, tname); }
+
+
+static void checkHeader (LoadState *S) {
+  /* skip 1st char (already read and checked) */
+  checkliteral(S, &LUA_SIGNATURE[1], "not a binary chunk");
+  if (loadByte(S) != LUAC_VERSION)
+    error(S, "version mismatch");
+  if (loadByte(S) != LUAC_FORMAT)
+    error(S, "format mismatch");
+  checkliteral(S, LUAC_DATA, "corrupted chunk");
+  checknum(S, int, LUAC_INT, "int");
+  checknum(S, Instruction, LUAC_INST, "instruction");
+  checknum(S, lua_Integer, LUAC_INT, "Lua integer");
+  checknum(S, lua_Number, LUAC_NUM, "Lua number");
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Load precompiled chunk.
+*/
+LClosure *luaU_undump (lua_State *L, ZIO *Z, const char *name, int fixed) {
+  LoadState S;
+  LClosure *cl;
+  if (*name == '@' || *name == '=')
+    name = name + 1;
+  else if (*name == LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
+    name = "binary string";
+  S.name = name;
+  S.L = L;
+  S.Z = Z;
+  S.fixed = cast_byte(fixed);
+  S.offset = 1;  /* fist byte was already read */
+  checkHeader(&S);
+  cl = luaF_newLclosure(L, loadByte(&S));
+  setclLvalue2s(L, L->top.p, cl);
+  luaD_inctop(L);
+  S.h = luaH_new(L);  /* create list of saved strings */
+  S.nstr = 0;
+  sethvalue2s(L, L->top.p, S.h);  /* anchor it */
+  luaD_inctop(L);
+  cl->p = luaF_newproto(L);
+  luaC_objbarrier(L, cl, cl->p);
+  loadFunction(&S, cl->p);
+  if (cl->nupvalues != cl->p->sizeupvalues)
+    error(&S, "corrupted chunk");
+  luai_verifycode(L, cl->p);
+  L->top.p--;  /* pop table */
+  return cl;
+}
+

lundump.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lundump.h,v 1.38 2011/05/17 12:42:43 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lundump.h $
 ** load precompiled Lua chunks
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -7,22 +7,34 @@
 #ifndef lundump_h
 #define lundump_h
 
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "llimits.h"
 #include "lobject.h"
 #include "lzio.h"
 
-/* load one chunk; from lundump.c */
-LUAI_FUNC Closure* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, Mbuffer* buff, const char* name);
-
-/* make header; from lundump.c */
-LUAI_FUNC void luaU_header (lu_byte* h);
-
-/* dump one chunk; from ldump.c */
-LUAI_FUNC int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip);
 
 /* data to catch conversion errors */
-#define LUAC_TAIL		"\x19\x93\r\n\x1a\n"
+#define LUAC_DATA	"\x19\x93\r\n\x1a\n"
 
-/* size in bytes of header of binary files */
-#define LUAC_HEADERSIZE		(sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-sizeof(char)+2+6+sizeof(LUAC_TAIL)-sizeof(char))
+#define LUAC_INT	-0x5678
+#define LUAC_INST	0x12345678
+#define LUAC_NUM	cast_num(-370.5)
+
+/*
+** Encode major-minor version in one byte, one nibble for each
+*/
+#define LUAC_VERSION	(LUA_VERSION_MAJOR_N*16+LUA_VERSION_MINOR_N)
+
+#define LUAC_FORMAT	0	/* this is the official format */
+
+
+/* load one chunk; from lundump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC LClosure* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, const char* name,
+                                               int fixed);
+
+/* dump one chunk; from ldump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w,
+                         void* data, int strip);
 
 #endif

lutf8lib.c

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lutf8lib.c $
+** Standard library for UTF-8 manipulation
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lutf8lib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+#include "llimits.h"
+
+
+#define MAXUNICODE	0x10FFFFu
+
+#define MAXUTF		0x7FFFFFFFu
+
+
+#define MSGInvalid	"invalid UTF-8 code"
+
+
+#define iscont(c)	(((c) & 0xC0) == 0x80)
+#define iscontp(p)	iscont(*(p))
+
+
+/* from strlib */
+/* translate a relative string position: negative means back from end */
+static lua_Integer u_posrelat (lua_Integer pos, size_t len) {
+  if (pos >= 0) return pos;
+  else if (0u - (size_t)pos > len) return 0;
+  else return (lua_Integer)len + pos + 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Decode one UTF-8 sequence, returning NULL if byte sequence is
+** invalid.  The array 'limits' stores the minimum value for each
+** sequence length, to check for overlong representations. Its first
+** entry forces an error for non-ASCII bytes with no continuation
+** bytes (count == 0).
+*/
+static const char *utf8_decode (const char *s, l_uint32 *val, int strict) {
+  static const l_uint32 limits[] =
+        {~(l_uint32)0, 0x80, 0x800, 0x10000u, 0x200000u, 0x4000000u};
+  unsigned int c = (unsigned char)s[0];
+  l_uint32 res = 0;  /* final result */
+  if (c < 0x80)  /* ASCII? */
+    res = c;
+  else {
+    int count = 0;  /* to count number of continuation bytes */
+    for (; c & 0x40; c <<= 1) {  /* while it needs continuation bytes... */
+      unsigned int cc = (unsigned char)s[++count];  /* read next byte */
+      if (!iscont(cc))  /* not a continuation byte? */
+        return NULL;  /* invalid byte sequence */
+      res = (res << 6) | (cc & 0x3F);  /* add lower 6 bits from cont. byte */
+    }
+    res |= ((l_uint32)(c & 0x7F) << (count * 5));  /* add first byte */
+    if (count > 5 || res > MAXUTF || res < limits[count])
+      return NULL;  /* invalid byte sequence */
+    s += count;  /* skip continuation bytes read */
+  }
+  if (strict) {
+    /* check for invalid code points; too large or surrogates */
+    if (res > MAXUNICODE || (0xD800u <= res && res <= 0xDFFFu))
+      return NULL;
+  }
+  if (val) *val = res;
+  return s + 1;  /* +1 to include first byte */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** utf8len(s [, i [, j [, lax]]]) --> number of characters that
+** start in the range [i,j], or nil + current position if 's' is not
+** well formed in that interval
+*/
+static int utflen (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer n = 0;  /* counter for the number of characters */
+  size_t len;  /* string length in bytes */
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+  lua_Integer posi = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1), len);
+  lua_Integer posj = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, -1), len);
+  int lax = lua_toboolean(L, 4);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= posi && --posi <= (lua_Integer)len, 2,
+                   "initial position out of bounds");
+  luaL_argcheck(L, --posj < (lua_Integer)len, 3,
+                   "final position out of bounds");
+  while (posi <= posj) {
+    const char *s1 = utf8_decode(s + posi, NULL, !lax);
+    if (s1 == NULL) {  /* conversion error? */
+      luaL_pushfail(L);  /* return fail ... */
+      lua_pushinteger(L, posi + 1);  /* ... and current position */
+      return 2;
+    }
+    posi = ct_diff2S(s1 - s);
+    n++;
+  }
+  lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** codepoint(s, [i, [j [, lax]]]) -> returns codepoints for all
+** characters that start in the range [i,j]
+*/
+static int codepoint (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+  lua_Integer posi = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1), len);
+  lua_Integer pose = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, posi), len);
+  int lax = lua_toboolean(L, 4);
+  int n;
+  const char *se;
+  luaL_argcheck(L, posi >= 1, 2, "out of bounds");
+  luaL_argcheck(L, pose <= (lua_Integer)len, 3, "out of bounds");
+  if (posi > pose) return 0;  /* empty interval; return no values */
+  if (pose - posi >= INT_MAX)  /* (lua_Integer -> int) overflow? */
+    return luaL_error(L, "string slice too long");
+  n = (int)(pose -  posi) + 1;  /* upper bound for number of returns */
+  luaL_checkstack(L, n, "string slice too long");
+  n = 0;  /* count the number of returns */
+  se = s + pose;  /* string end */
+  for (s += posi - 1; s < se;) {
+    l_uint32 code;
+    s = utf8_decode(s, &code, !lax);
+    if (s == NULL)
+      return luaL_error(L, MSGInvalid);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(code));
+    n++;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+static void pushutfchar (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  lua_Unsigned code = (lua_Unsigned)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, code <= MAXUTF, arg, "value out of range");
+  lua_pushfstring(L, "%U", (long)code);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** utfchar(n1, n2, ...)  -> char(n1)..char(n2)...
+*/
+static int utfchar (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  if (n == 1)  /* optimize common case of single char */
+    pushutfchar(L, 1);
+  else {
+    int i;
+    luaL_Buffer b;
+    luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+    for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
+      pushutfchar(L, i);
+      luaL_addvalue(&b);
+    }
+    luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** offset(s, n, [i])  -> indices where n-th character counting from
+**   position 'i' starts and ends; 0 means character at 'i'.
+*/
+static int byteoffset (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+  lua_Integer n  = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  lua_Integer posi = (n >= 0) ? 1 : cast_st2S(len) + 1;
+  posi = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, posi), len);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= posi && --posi <= (lua_Integer)len, 3,
+                   "position out of bounds");
+  if (n == 0) {
+    /* find beginning of current byte sequence */
+    while (posi > 0 && iscontp(s + posi)) posi--;
+  }
+  else {
+    if (iscontp(s + posi))
+      return luaL_error(L, "initial position is a continuation byte");
+    if (n < 0) {
+      while (n < 0 && posi > 0) {  /* move back */
+        do {  /* find beginning of previous character */
+          posi--;
+        } while (posi > 0 && iscontp(s + posi));
+        n++;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      n--;  /* do not move for 1st character */
+      while (n > 0 && posi < (lua_Integer)len) {
+        do {  /* find beginning of next character */
+          posi++;
+        } while (iscontp(s + posi));  /* (cannot pass final '\0') */
+        n--;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (n != 0) {  /* did not find given character? */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  lua_pushinteger(L, posi + 1);  /* initial position */
+  if ((s[posi] & 0x80) != 0) {  /* multi-byte character? */
+    if (iscont(s[posi]))
+      return luaL_error(L, "initial position is a continuation byte");
+    while (iscontp(s + posi + 1))
+      posi++;  /* skip to last continuation byte */
+  }
+  /* else one-byte character: final position is the initial one */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, posi + 1);  /* 'posi' now is the final position */
+  return 2;
+}
+
+
+static int iter_aux (lua_State *L, int strict) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+  lua_Unsigned n = (lua_Unsigned)lua_tointeger(L, 2);
+  if (n < len) {
+    while (iscontp(s + n)) n++;  /* go to next character */
+  }
+  if (n >= len)  /* (also handles original 'n' being negative) */
+    return 0;  /* no more codepoints */
+  else {
+    l_uint32 code;
+    const char *next = utf8_decode(s + n, &code, strict);
+    if (next == NULL || iscontp(next))
+      return luaL_error(L, MSGInvalid);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(n + 1));
+    lua_pushinteger(L, l_castU2S(code));
+    return 2;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int iter_auxstrict (lua_State *L) {
+  return iter_aux(L, 1);
+}
+
+static int iter_auxlax (lua_State *L) {
+  return iter_aux(L, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int iter_codes (lua_State *L) {
+  int lax = lua_toboolean(L, 2);
+  const char *s = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, !iscontp(s), 1, MSGInvalid);
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, lax ? iter_auxlax : iter_auxstrict);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, 0);
+  return 3;
+}
+
+
+/* pattern to match a single UTF-8 character */
+#define UTF8PATT	"[\0-\x7F\xC2-\xFD][\x80-\xBF]*"
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg funcs[] = {
+  {"offset", byteoffset},
+  {"codepoint", codepoint},
+  {"char", utfchar},
+  {"len", utflen},
+  {"codes", iter_codes},
+  /* placeholders */
+  {"charpattern", NULL},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_utf8 (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, funcs);
+  lua_pushlstring(L, UTF8PATT, sizeof(UTF8PATT)/sizeof(char) - 1);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "charpattern");
+  return 1;
+}
+

lvm.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lvm.h,v 2.16 2011/05/31 18:24:36 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lvm.h $
 ** Lua virtual machine
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -13,33 +13,124 @@
 #include "ltm.h"
 
 
-#define tostring(L,o) (ttisstring(o) || (luaV_tostring(L, o)))
-
-#define tonumber(o,n)	(ttisnumber(o) || (((o) = luaV_tonumber(o,n)) != NULL))
-
-#define equalobj(L,o1,o2)  (ttisequal(o1, o2) && luaV_equalobj_(L, o1, o2))
-
-#define luaV_rawequalobj(t1,t2)  \
-        (ttisequal(t1,t2) && luaV_equalobj_(NULL,t1,t2))
+#if !defined(LUA_NOCVTN2S)
+#define cvt2str(o)	ttisnumber(o)
+#else
+#define cvt2str(o)	0	/* no conversion from numbers to strings */
+#endif
 
 
-/* not to called directly */
-LUAI_FUNC int luaV_equalobj_ (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2);
+#if !defined(LUA_NOCVTS2N)
+#define cvt2num(o)	ttisstring(o)
+#else
+#define cvt2num(o)	0	/* no conversion from strings to numbers */
+#endif
 
 
+/*
+** You can define LUA_FLOORN2I if you want to convert floats to integers
+** by flooring them (instead of raising an error if they are not
+** integral values)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_FLOORN2I)
+#define LUA_FLOORN2I		F2Ieq
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Rounding modes for float->integer coercion
+ */
+typedef enum {
+  F2Ieq,     /* no rounding; accepts only integral values */
+  F2Ifloor,  /* takes the floor of the number */
+  F2Iceil    /* takes the ceiling of the number */
+} F2Imod;
+
+
+/* convert an object to a float (including string coercion) */
+#define tonumber(o,n) \
+	(ttisfloat(o) ? (*(n) = fltvalue(o), 1) : luaV_tonumber_(o,n))
+
+
+/* convert an object to a float (without string coercion) */
+#define tonumberns(o,n) \
+	(ttisfloat(o) ? ((n) = fltvalue(o), 1) : \
+	(ttisinteger(o) ? ((n) = cast_num(ivalue(o)), 1) : 0))
+
+
+/* convert an object to an integer (including string coercion) */
+#define tointeger(o,i) \
+  (l_likely(ttisinteger(o)) ? (*(i) = ivalue(o), 1) \
+                          : luaV_tointeger(o,i,LUA_FLOORN2I))
+
+
+/* convert an object to an integer (without string coercion) */
+#define tointegerns(o,i) \
+  (l_likely(ttisinteger(o)) ? (*(i) = ivalue(o), 1) \
+                          : luaV_tointegerns(o,i,LUA_FLOORN2I))
+
+
+#define intop(op,v1,v2) l_castU2S(l_castS2U(v1) op l_castS2U(v2))
+
+#define luaV_rawequalobj(t1,t2)		luaV_equalobj(NULL,t1,t2)
+
+
+/*
+** fast track for 'gettable'
+*/
+#define luaV_fastget(t,k,res,f, tag) \
+  (tag = (!ttistable(t) ? LUA_VNOTABLE : f(hvalue(t), k, res)))
+
+
+/*
+** Special case of 'luaV_fastget' for integers, inlining the fast case
+** of 'luaH_getint'.
+*/
+#define luaV_fastgeti(t,k,res,tag) \
+  if (!ttistable(t)) tag = LUA_VNOTABLE; \
+  else { luaH_fastgeti(hvalue(t), k, res, tag); }
+
+
+#define luaV_fastset(t,k,val,hres,f) \
+  (hres = (!ttistable(t) ? HNOTATABLE : f(hvalue(t), k, val)))
+
+#define luaV_fastseti(t,k,val,hres) \
+  if (!ttistable(t)) hres = HNOTATABLE; \
+  else { luaH_fastseti(hvalue(t), k, val, hres); }
+
+
+/*
+** Finish a fast set operation (when fast set succeeds).
+*/
+#define luaV_finishfastset(L,t,v)	luaC_barrierback(L, gcvalue(t), v)
+
+
+/*
+** Shift right is the same as shift left with a negative 'y'
+*/
+#define luaV_shiftr(x,y)	luaV_shiftl(x,intop(-, 0, y))
+
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_equalobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r);
 LUAI_FUNC int luaV_lessequal (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r);
-LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaV_tonumber (const TValue *obj, TValue *n);
-LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tostring (lua_State *L, StkId obj);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
-                                            StkId val);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
-                                            StkId val);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tonumber_ (const TValue *obj, lua_Number *n);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tointeger (const TValue *obj, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tointegerns (const TValue *obj, lua_Integer *p,
+                                F2Imod mode);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_flttointeger (lua_Number n, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode);
+LUAI_FUNC lu_byte luaV_finishget (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+                                                StkId val, lu_byte tag);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_finishset (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+                                             TValue *val, int aux);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaV_finishOp (lua_State *L);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaV_execute (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total);
-LUAI_FUNC void luaV_arith (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb,
-                           const TValue *rc, TMS op);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Integer luaV_idiv (lua_State *L, lua_Integer x, lua_Integer y);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Integer luaV_mod (lua_State *L, lua_Integer x, lua_Integer y);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Number luaV_modf (lua_State *L, lua_Number x, lua_Number y);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Integer luaV_shiftl (lua_Integer x, lua_Integer y);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaV_objlen (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb);
 
 #endif

lzio.c

@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lzio.c,v 1.34 2011/07/15 12:35:32 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lzio.c $
 ** Buffered streams
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
 
-
-#include <string.h>
-
 #define lzio_c
 #define LUA_CORE
 
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
 #include "lua.h"
 
+#include "lapi.h"
 #include "llimits.h"
 #include "lmem.h"
 #include "lstate.h"
@@ -43,17 +46,25 @@ void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader, void *data) {
 
 
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------- read --- */
+
+static int checkbuffer (ZIO *z) {
+  if (z->n == 0) {  /* no bytes in buffer? */
+    if (luaZ_fill(z) == EOZ)  /* try to read more */
+      return 0;  /* no more input */
+    else {
+      z->n++;  /* luaZ_fill consumed first byte; put it back */
+      z->p--;
+    }
+  }
+  return 1;  /* now buffer has something */
+}
+
+
 size_t luaZ_read (ZIO *z, void *b, size_t n) {
   while (n) {
     size_t m;
-    if (z->n == 0) {  /* no bytes in buffer? */
-      if (luaZ_fill(z) == EOZ)  /* try to read more */
-        return n;  /* no more input; return number of missing bytes */
-      else {
-        z->n++;  /* luaZ_fill consumed first byte; put it back */
-        z->p--;
-      }
-    }
+    if (!checkbuffer(z))
+      return n;  /* no more input; return number of missing bytes */
     m = (n <= z->n) ? n : z->n;  /* min. between n and z->n */
     memcpy(b, z->p, m);
     z->n -= m;
@@ -64,13 +75,15 @@ size_t luaZ_read (ZIO *z, void *b, size_t n) {
   return 0;
 }
 
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-char *luaZ_openspace (lua_State *L, Mbuffer *buff, size_t n) {
-  if (n > buff->buffsize) {
-    if (n < LUA_MINBUFFER) n = LUA_MINBUFFER;
-    luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, n);
-  }
-  return buff->buffer;
+
+const void *luaZ_getaddr (ZIO* z, size_t n) {
+  const void *res;
+  if (!checkbuffer(z))
+    return NULL;  /* no more input */
+  if (z->n < n)  /* not enough bytes? */
+    return NULL;  /* block not whole; cannot give an address */
+  res = z->p;  /* get block address */
+  z->n -= n;  /* consume these bytes */
+  z->p += n;
+  return res;
 }
-
-

lzio.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lzio.h,v 1.25 2011/07/15 12:35:32 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lzio.h $
 ** Buffered streams
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -32,21 +32,23 @@ typedef struct Mbuffer {
 #define luaZ_sizebuffer(buff)	((buff)->buffsize)
 #define luaZ_bufflen(buff)	((buff)->n)
 
+#define luaZ_buffremove(buff,i)	((buff)->n -= cast_sizet(i))
 #define luaZ_resetbuffer(buff) ((buff)->n = 0)
 
 
 #define luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, size) \
-	(luaM_reallocvector(L, (buff)->buffer, (buff)->buffsize, size, char), \
+	((buff)->buffer = luaM_reallocvchar(L, (buff)->buffer, \
+				(buff)->buffsize, size), \
 	(buff)->buffsize = size)
 
 #define luaZ_freebuffer(L, buff)	luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, 0)
 
 
-LUAI_FUNC char *luaZ_openspace (lua_State *L, Mbuffer *buff, size_t n);
 LUAI_FUNC void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader,
                                         void *data);
-LUAI_FUNC size_t luaZ_read (ZIO* z, void* b, size_t n);	/* read next n bytes */
+LUAI_FUNC size_t luaZ_read (ZIO* z, void *b, size_t n);	/* read next n bytes */
 
+LUAI_FUNC const void *luaZ_getaddr (ZIO* z, size_t n);
 
 
 /* --------- Private Part ------------------ */
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ struct Zio {
   size_t n;			/* bytes still unread */
   const char *p;		/* current position in buffer */
   lua_Reader reader;		/* reader function */
-  void* data;			/* additional data */
+  void *data;			/* additional data */
   lua_State *L;			/* Lua state (for reader) */
 };
 

makefile

@@ -1,59 +1,84 @@
-# makefile for building Lua
-# see INSTALL for installation instructions
-# see ../Makefile and luaconf.h for further customization
+# Developer's makefile for building Lua
+# see luaconf.h for further customization
 
 # == CHANGE THE SETTINGS BELOW TO SUIT YOUR ENVIRONMENT =======================
 
-CWARNSC=-pedantic -Wextra \
-	-Waggregate-return \
-	-Wcast-align \
-        -Wdisabled-optimization \
-	-Wpointer-arith \
+# Warnings valid for both C and C++
+CWARNSCPP= \
+	-Wfatal-errors \
+	-Wextra \
 	-Wshadow \
-        -Wsign-compare \
 	-Wundef \
 	-Wwrite-strings \
 	-Wredundant-decls \
 	-Wdisabled-optimization \
-	-Wstrict-aliasing \
-        # the next warnings generate to much noise, so they are disabled
-	# -Wlogical-op \
+	-Wdouble-promotion \
+	-Wmissing-declarations \
+	-Wconversion \
+        # the next warnings might be useful sometimes,
+	# but usually they generate too much noise
 	# -Wstrict-overflow=2 \
+	# -Werror \
+	# -pedantic   # warns if we use jump tables \
 	# -Wformat=2 \
 	# -Wcast-qual \
 
-# The next warnings are not valid for C++
-CWARNS= $(CWARNSC) \
-        -Wdeclaration-after-statement \
-        -Wmissing-prototypes \
-        -Wnested-externs \
+
+# Warnings for gcc, not valid for clang
+CWARNGCC= \
+	-Wlogical-op \
+	-Wno-aggressive-loop-optimizations \
+
+
+# The next warnings are neither valid nor needed for C++
+CWARNSC= -Wdeclaration-after-statement \
+	-Wmissing-prototypes \
+	-Wnested-externs \
 	-Wstrict-prototypes \
 	-Wc++-compat \
 	-Wold-style-definition \
 
 
-# -DEXTERNMEMCHECK -DHARDSTACKTESTS -DHARDMEMTESTS  -DTRACEMEM='"tempmem"'
-# -g -DLUA_USER_H='"ltests.h"'
-# -fomit-frame-pointer #-pg -malign-double
-# -DLUA_USE_CTYPE  -DLUA_USE_APICHECK
-TESTS= -DLUA_USER_H='"ltests.h"'
+CWARNS= $(CWARNSCPP) $(CWARNSC) $(CWARNGCC)
 
-# -mtune=native -fomit-frame-pointer 
-LOCAL = $(TESTS) $(CWARNS) -g
+# Some useful compiler options for internal tests:
+# -DLUAI_ASSERT turns on all assertions inside Lua.
+# -DHARDSTACKTESTS forces a reallocation of the stack at every point where
+# the stack can be reallocated.
+# -DHARDMEMTESTS forces a full collection at all points where the collector
+# can run.
+# -DEMERGENCYGCTESTS forces an emergency collection at every single allocation.
+# -DEXTERNMEMCHECK removes internal consistency checking of blocks being
+# deallocated (useful when an external tool like valgrind does the check).
+# -DMAXINDEXRK=k limits range of constants in RK instruction operands.
+# -DLUA_COMPAT_5_3
+
+# -pg -malign-double
+# -DLUA_USE_CTYPE -DLUA_USE_APICHECK
+
+# The following options help detect "undefined behavior"s that seldom
+# create problems; some are only available in newer gcc versions. To
+# use some of them, we also have to define an environment variable
+# ASAN_OPTIONS="detect_invalid_pointer_pairs=2".
+# -fsanitize=undefined
+# -fsanitize=pointer-subtract -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=pointer-compare
+# TESTS= -DLUA_USER_H='"ltests.h"' -Og -g
 
 
+LOCAL = $(TESTS) $(CWARNS)
 
-# enable Linux goodies
-MYCFLAGS= $(LOCAL) -DLUA_USE_LINUX -DLUA_COMPAT_ALL
-MYLDFLAGS= $(LOCAL) -Wl,-E
-MYLIBS= -ldl -lreadline -lhistory -lncurses
+
+# To enable Linux goodies, -DLUA_USE_LINUX
+# For C89, "-std=c89 -DLUA_USE_C89"
+# Note that Linux/Posix options are not compatible with C89
+MYCFLAGS= $(LOCAL) -std=c99 -DLUA_USE_LINUX
+MYLDFLAGS= -Wl,-E
+MYLIBS= -ldl
 
 
 CC= gcc
-CFLAGS= -Wall -O2 $(MYCFLAGS)
-# CC= ~lhf/sunstudio12/bin/cc
-# CFLAGS= -xO5 -v -Xc -native -xstrconst
-AR= ar rcu
+CFLAGS= -Wall -O2 $(MYCFLAGS) -fno-stack-protector -fno-common -march=native
+AR= ar rc
 RANLIB= ranlib
 RM= rm -f
 
@@ -70,19 +95,18 @@ CORE_O=	lapi.o lcode.o lctype.o ldebug.o ldo.o ldump.o lfunc.o lgc.o llex.o \
 	ltm.o lundump.o lvm.o lzio.o ltests.o
 AUX_O=	lauxlib.o
 LIB_O=	lbaselib.o ldblib.o liolib.o lmathlib.o loslib.o ltablib.o lstrlib.o \
-	lbitlib.o loadlib.o lcorolib.o linit.o
+	lutf8lib.o loadlib.o lcorolib.o linit.o
 
 LUA_T=	lua
 LUA_O=	lua.o
 
-# LUAC_T=	luac
-# LUAC_O=	luac.o print.o
 
-ALL_T= $(CORE_T) $(LUA_T) $(LUAC_T)
-ALL_O= $(CORE_O) $(LUA_O) $(LUAC_O) $(AUX_O) $(LIB_O)
+ALL_T= $(CORE_T) $(LUA_T)
+ALL_O= $(CORE_O) $(LUA_O) $(AUX_O) $(LIB_O)
 ALL_A= $(CORE_T)
 
 all:	$(ALL_T)
+	touch all
 
 o:	$(ALL_O)
 
@@ -95,11 +119,8 @@ $(CORE_T): $(CORE_O) $(AUX_O) $(LIB_O)
 $(LUA_T): $(LUA_O) $(CORE_T)
 	$(CC) -o $@ $(MYLDFLAGS) $(LUA_O) $(CORE_T) $(LIBS) $(MYLIBS) $(DL)
 
-$(LUAC_T): $(LUAC_O) $(CORE_T)
-	$(CC) -o $@ $(MYLDFLAGS) $(LUAC_O) $(CORE_T) $(LIBS) $(MYLIBS)
 
 clean:
-	rcsclean -u
 	$(RM) $(ALL_T) $(ALL_O)
 
 depend:
@@ -116,70 +137,83 @@ echo:
 	@echo "MYLIBS = $(MYLIBS)"
 	@echo "DL = $(DL)"
 
-$(ALL_O): makefile
+$(ALL_O): makefile ltests.h
 
-# DO NOT DELETE
-# automatically made with 'gcc -MM'
+# DO NOT EDIT
+# automatically made with 'gcc -MM l*.c'
 
-lapi.o: lapi.c lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h \
- lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h lundump.h \
- lvm.h
-lauxlib.o: lauxlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h
-lbaselib.o: lbaselib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
-lbitlib.o: lbitlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
-lcode.o: lcode.c lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h llimits.h \
- lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h ldo.h lgc.h \
+lapi.o: lapi.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h \
+ ltable.h lundump.h lvm.h
+lauxlib.o: lauxlib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h llimits.h
+lbaselib.o: lbaselib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+lcode.o: lcode.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h \
+ ldo.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h lopnames.h
+lcorolib.o: lcorolib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+lctype.o: lctype.c lprefix.h lctype.h lua.h luaconf.h llimits.h
+ldblib.o: ldblib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h llimits.h
+ldebug.o: ldebug.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lcode.h llex.h lopcodes.h lparser.h \
+ ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h lvm.h
+ldo.o: ldo.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h \
+ lparser.h lstring.h ltable.h lundump.h lvm.h
+ldump.o: ldump.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lgc.h ltable.h lundump.h
+lfunc.o: lfunc.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h
+lgc.o: lgc.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h
+linit.o: linit.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h llimits.h
+liolib.o: liolib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h llimits.h
+llex.o: llex.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lctype.h llimits.h ldebug.h \
+ lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h llex.h lparser.h \
  lstring.h ltable.h
-lcorolib.o: lcorolib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
-lctype.o: lctype.c lctype.h lua.h luaconf.h llimits.h
-ldblib.o: ldblib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
-ldebug.o: ldebug.c lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h lobject.h \
- ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lcode.h llex.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h ldo.h \
- lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h lvm.h
-ldo.o: ldo.c lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h \
- lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h lparser.h \
- lstring.h ltable.h lundump.h lvm.h
-ldump.o: ldump.c lua.h luaconf.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h ltm.h \
- lzio.h lmem.h lundump.h
-lfunc.o: lfunc.c lua.h luaconf.h lfunc.h lobject.h llimits.h lgc.h \
- lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h
-lgc.o: lgc.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h \
- lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h
-linit.o: linit.c lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h
-liolib.o: liolib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
-llex.o: llex.c lua.h luaconf.h lctype.h llimits.h ldo.h lobject.h \
- lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h llex.h lparser.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h
-lmathlib.o: lmathlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
-lmem.o: lmem.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h \
- ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h
-loadlib.o: loadlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
-lobject.o: lobject.c lua.h luaconf.h lctype.h llimits.h ldebug.h lstate.h \
- lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lstring.h lgc.h lvm.h
-lopcodes.o: lopcodes.c lopcodes.h llimits.h lua.h luaconf.h
-loslib.o: loslib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
-lparser.o: lparser.c lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h llimits.h \
- lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h ldo.h lfunc.h \
- lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h
-lstate.o: lstate.c lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h lobject.h \
- ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h llex.h lstring.h \
- ltable.h
-lstring.o: lstring.c lua.h luaconf.h lmem.h llimits.h lobject.h lstate.h \
- ltm.h lzio.h lstring.h lgc.h
-lstrlib.o: lstrlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
-ltable.o: ltable.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h \
- ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h
-ltablib.o: ltablib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
-ltests.o: ltests.c lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h lobject.h \
- ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lauxlib.h lcode.h llex.h lopcodes.h lparser.h \
- lctype.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h lualib.h
-ltm.o: ltm.c lua.h luaconf.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h \
- lmem.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h
-lua.o: lua.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
-lundump.o: lundump.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
- llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h lundump.h
-lvm.o: lvm.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h \
- lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h
-lzio.o: lzio.c lua.h luaconf.h llimits.h lmem.h lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h \
- lzio.h
+lmathlib.o: lmathlib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+lmem.o: lmem.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h
+loadlib.o: loadlib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+lobject.o: lobject.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lctype.h llimits.h \
+ ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lstring.h lgc.h \
+ lvm.h
+lopcodes.o: lopcodes.c lprefix.h lopcodes.h llimits.h lua.h luaconf.h \
+ lobject.h
+loslib.o: loslib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h llimits.h
+lparser.o: lparser.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h \
+ ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h
+lstate.o: lstate.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h llex.h \
+ lstring.h ltable.h
+lstring.o: lstring.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lstring.h lgc.h
+lstrlib.o: lstrlib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+ltable.o: ltable.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h
+ltablib.o: ltablib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+ltests.o: ltests.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lauxlib.h lcode.h llex.h lopcodes.h \
+ lparser.h lctype.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lopnames.h lstring.h lgc.h \
+ ltable.h lualib.h
+ltm.o: ltm.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h
+lua.o: lua.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h llimits.h
+lundump.o: lundump.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h \
+ ltable.h lundump.h
+lutf8lib.o: lutf8lib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h \
+ llimits.h
+lvm.o: lvm.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h \
+ lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h ljumptab.h
+lzio.o: lzio.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h
 
 # (end of Makefile)

manual/2html

@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env lua5.3
+
+
+-- special marks:
+-- \1 - paragraph (empty line)
+-- \4 - remove spaces around it
+-- \3 - ref (followed by label|)
+
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+header = [[
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<title>Lua 5.5 Reference Manual</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="lua.css">
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="manual.css">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+
+<hr>
+<h1>
+<a href="http://www.lua.org/home.html"><img src="logo.gif" alt="[Lua logo]" border="0"></a>
+Lua 5.5 Reference Manual
+</h1>
+
+by Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo, Waldemar Celes
+<p>
+<small>
+<a href="http://www.lua.org/copyright.html">Copyright</a>
+&copy; 2025 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.  All rights reserved.
+</small>
+<hr>
+
+<!-- ====================================================================== -->
+<p>
+
+]]
+
+footer = "\n\n</body></html>\n\n"
+
+local seefmt = '(see %s)'
+
+if arg[1] == 'port' then
+  seefmt = '(ver %s)'
+  header = string.gsub(header, "by (.-)\n",
+  "%1\n<p>Tradu&ccedil;&atilde;o: S&eacute;rgio Queiroz de Medeiros", 1)
+  header = string.gsub(header, "Lua (%d+.%d+) Reference Manual",
+                               "Manual de Refer&ecirc;ncia de Lua %1")
+  header = string.gsub(header, "All rights reserved",
+                               "Todos os direitos reservados")
+end
+
+
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local function compose (f,g)
+  assert(f and g)
+  return function (s) return g(f(s)) end
+end
+
+local function concat (f, g)
+  assert(f and g)
+  return function (s) return f(s) .. g(s) end
+end
+
+
+local Tag = {}
+
+
+setmetatable(Tag, {
+  __index = function (t, tag)
+      local v = function (n, att)
+        local e = ""
+        if type(att) == "table" then
+          for k,v in pairs(att) do e = string.format('%s %s="%s"', e, k, v) end
+        end
+        if n then
+          return string.format("<%s%s>%s</%s>", tag, e, n, tag)
+        else
+          return string.format("<%s%s>", tag, e)
+        end
+      end
+      t[tag] = v
+      return v
+  end
+})
+
+
+
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+local labels = {}
+
+
+local function anchor (text, label, link, textlink)
+  if labels[label] then
+    error("label " .. label .. " already defined")
+  end
+  labels[label] = {text = textlink, link = link}
+  return Tag.a(text, {name=link})
+end
+
+local function makeref (label)
+  assert(not string.find(label, "|"))
+  return string.format("\3%s\3", label)
+end
+
+local function ref (label)
+  local l = labels[label]
+  if not l then
+    io.stderr:write("label ", label, " undefined\n")
+    return "@@@@@@@"
+  else
+    return Tag.a(l.text, {href="#"..l.link})
+  end
+end
+
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+local function nopara (t)
+  t = string.gsub(t, "\1", "\n\n")
+  t = string.gsub(t, "<p>%s*</p>", "")
+  return t
+end
+
+local function fixpara (t)
+  t = string.gsub(t, "\1", "\n</p>\n\n<p>\n")
+  t = string.gsub(t, "<p>%s*</p>", "")
+  return t
+end
+
+local function antipara (t)
+  return "</p>\n" .. t .. "<p>"
+end
+
+
+Tag.pre = compose(Tag.pre, antipara)
+Tag.ul = compose(Tag.ul, antipara)
+
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+local Gfoots = 0
+local footnotes = {}
+
+local line = Tag.hr(nil)
+
+local function dischargefoots ()
+  if #footnotes == 0 then return "" end
+  local fn = table.concat(footnotes)
+  footnotes = {}
+  return line .. Tag.h3"footnotes:" .. fn .. line
+end
+
+
+local Glists = 0
+local listings = {}
+
+local function dischargelist ()
+  if #listings == 0 then return "" end
+  local l = listings
+  listings = {}
+  return line .. table.concat(l, line..line) .. line
+end
+
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+local counters = {
+h1 = {val = 1},
+h2 = {father = "h1", val = 1},
+h3 = {father = "h2", val = 1},
+listing = {father = "h1", val = 1},
+}
+
+local function inccounter (count)
+  counters[count].val = counters[count].val + 1
+  for c, v in pairs(counters) do
+    if v.father == count then v.val = 1 end
+  end
+end
+
+local function getcounter (count)
+  local c = counters[count]
+  if c.father then
+    return getcounter(c.father) .. "." .. c.val
+  else
+    return c.val .. ""
+  end
+end
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+local function fixed (x)
+  return function () return x end
+end
+
+local function id (x) return x end
+
+
+local function prepos (x, y)
+  assert(x and y)
+  return function (s) return string.format("%s%s%s", x, s, y) end
+end
+
+
+local rw = Tag.b
+
+
+
+
+local function LuaName (name)
+  return Tag.code(name)
+end
+
+
+local function getparam (s)
+  local i, e = string.find(s, "^[^%s@|]+|")
+  if not i then return nil, s
+  else return string.sub(s, i, e - 1), string.sub(s, e + 1)
+  end
+end
+
+
+local function gettitle (h)
+  local title, p = assert(string.match(h, "<title>(.-)</title>()"))
+  return title, string.sub(h, p)
+end
+
+local function getparamtitle (what, h, nonum)
+    local label, title, c, count
+    label, h = getparam(h)
+    title, h = gettitle(h)
+    if not nonum then
+      count = getcounter(what)
+      inccounter(what)
+      c = string.format("%s &ndash; ", count)
+    else
+      c = ""
+    end
+    label = label or count
+    if label then
+      title = anchor(title, label, count, "&sect;"..count)
+    end
+    title = string.format("%s%s", c, title)
+    return title, h
+end
+
+local function section (what, nonum)
+  return function (h)
+    local title
+    title, h = getparamtitle(what, h, nonum)
+    local fn = what == "h1" and dischargefoots() or ""
+    h = fixpara(Tag.p(h))
+    return "</p>\n" .. Tag[what](title) .. h .. fn ..
+           dischargelist() .. "<p>"
+  end
+end
+
+
+local function verbatim (s)
+  s = nopara(s)
+  s = string.gsub(s, "\n", "\n     ")
+  s = string.gsub(s, "\n%s*$", "\n")
+  return Tag.pre(s)
+end
+
+
+local function verb (s)
+  return Tag.code(s)
+end
+
+
+local function lua2link (e)
+  return string.find(e, "luaL?_") and e or "pdf-"..e
+end
+
+
+local verbfixed = verb
+
+
+local Tex = {
+
+ANSI = function (func)
+           return "ISO&nbsp;C function " .. Tag.code(func)
+         end,
+At = fixed"@",
+B = Tag.b,
+bigskip = fixed"",
+bignum = id,
+C = fixed"",
+Ci = prepos("<!-- ", " -->"),
+CId = function (func)
+        return "C&nbsp;function " .. Tag.code(func)
+      end,
+chapter = section"h1",
+Char = compose(verbfixed, prepos("'", "'")),
+Cdots = fixed"&middot;&middot;&middot;",
+Close = fixed"}",
+col = Tag.td,
+defid = function (name)
+          local l = lua2link(name)
+          local c = Tag.code(name)
+          return anchor(c, l, l, c)
+        end,
+def = Tag.em,
+description = compose(nopara, Tag.ul),
+Em = fixed("\4" .. "&mdash;" .. "\4"),
+emph = Tag.em,
+emphx = Tag.em,    -- emphasis plus index (if there was an index)
+En = fixed("&ndash;"),
+format = fixed"",
+["false"] = fixed(Tag.b"false"),
+id = Tag.code,
+idx = Tag.code,
+index = fixed"",
+Lidx = fixed"",  -- Tag.code,
+ldots = fixed"...",
+x = id,
+itemize = compose(nopara, Tag.ul),
+leq = fixed"&le;",
+Lid = function (s)
+        return makeref(lua2link(s))
+      end,
+M = Tag.em,
+N = function (s) return (string.gsub(s, " ", "&nbsp;")) end,
+NE = id,        -- tag"foreignphrase",
+num = id,
+["nil"] = fixed(Tag.b"nil"),
+fail = fixed(Tag.b"fail"),
+Open = fixed"{",
+part = section("h1", true),
+Pat = compose(verbfixed, prepos("'", "'")),
+preface = section("h1", true),
+psect = section("h2", true),
+Q = prepos('"', '"'),
+refchp = makeref,
+refcode = makeref,
+refsec = makeref,
+
+pi = fixed"&pi;",
+rep = Tag.em,  -- compose(prepos("&lt;", "&gt;"), Tag.em),
+Rw = rw,
+rw = rw,
+sb = Tag.sub,
+sp = Tag.sup,
+St = compose(verbfixed, prepos('"', '"')),
+sect1 = section"h1",
+sect2 = section"h2",
+sect3 = section"h3",
+sect4 = section("h4", true),
+simplesect = id,
+Tab2 = function (s) return Tag.table(s, {border=1}) end,
+row = Tag.tr,
+title = Tag.title,
+todo = Tag.todo,
+["true"] = fixed(Tag.b"true"),
+T = verb,
+
+item = function (s)
+         local t, p = string.match(s, "^([^\n|]+)|()")
+         if t then
+           s = string.sub(s, p)
+           s = Tag.b(t) ..": " .. s
+         end
+         return Tag.li(fixpara(s))
+       end,
+
+verbatim = verbatim,
+
+manual = id,
+
+
+-- for the manual
+
+link =function (s)
+  local l, t = getparam(s)
+  assert(l)
+  return string.format("%s (%s)", t, makeref(l))
+end,
+
+see = function (s) return string.format(seefmt, makeref(s)) end,
+See = makeref,
+seeC = function (s)
+         return string.format(seefmt, makeref(s))
+       end,
+
+seeF = function (s)
+         return string.format(seefmt, makeref(lua2link(s)))
+       end,
+
+APIEntry = function (e)
+  local h, name
+  h, e = string.match(e, "^%s*(.-)%s*|(.*)$")
+  name = string.match(h, "(luaL?_[%w_]+)%)? +%(") or
+         string.match(h, "luaL?_[%w_]+")
+  local a = anchor(Tag.code(name), name, name, Tag.code(name))
+  local apiicmd, ne = string.match(e, "^(.-</span>)(.*)")
+--io.stderr:write(e)
+  if not apiicmd then
+    return antipara(Tag.hr() .. Tag.h3(a)) .. Tag.pre(h) .. e
+  else
+    return antipara(Tag.hr() .. Tag.h3(a)) .. apiicmd .. Tag.pre(h) .. ne
+  end
+end,
+
+LibEntry = function (e)
+  local h, name
+  h, e = string.match(e, "^(.-)|(.*)$")
+  name = string.gsub(h, " (.+", "")
+  local l = lua2link(name)
+  local a = anchor(Tag.code(h), l, l, Tag.code(name))
+  return Tag.hr() .. Tag.h3(a) .. e
+end,
+
+Produc = compose(nopara, Tag.pre),
+producname = prepos("\t", " ::= "),
+Or = fixed" | ",
+VerBar = fixed"&#124;",  -- vertical bar
+OrNL = fixed" | \4",
+bnfNter = prepos("", ""),
+bnfopt = prepos("[", "]"),
+bnfrep = prepos("{", "}"),
+bnfter = compose(Tag.b, prepos("&lsquo;", "&rsquo;")),
+producbody = function (s)
+           s = string.gsub(s, "%s+", " ")
+           s = string.gsub(s, "\4", "\n\t\t")
+           return s
+         end,
+
+apii = function (s)
+        local pop,push,err = string.match(s, "^(.-),(.-),(.*)$")
+        if pop ~= "?" and string.find(pop, "%W") then
+          pop = "(" .. pop .. ")"
+        end
+        if push ~= "?" and string.find(push, "%W") then
+          push = "(" .. push .. ")"
+        end
+        err = (err == "-") and "&ndash;" or Tag.em(err)
+        return Tag.span(
+                 string.format("[-%s, +%s, %s]", pop, push, err),
+                 {class="apii"}
+               )
+      end,
+}
+
+local others = prepos("?? "," ??")
+
+local function trata (t)
+  t = string.gsub(t, "@(%w+)(%b{})", function (w, f)
+        f = trata(string.sub(f, 2, -2))
+        if type(Tex[w]) ~= "function" then
+         io.stderr:write(w .. "\n")
+         return others(f)
+        else
+         return Tex[w](f, w)
+        end
+      end)
+  return t
+end
+
+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- read whole book
+t = io.read"*a"
+
+t = string.gsub(t, "[<>&\128-\255]",
+  {["<"] = "&lt;",
+   [">"] = "&gt;",
+   ["&"] = "&amp;",
+   ["\170"] = "&ordf;",
+   ["\186"] = "&ordm;",
+   ["\192"] = "&Agrave;",
+   ["\193"] = "&Aacute;",
+   ["\194"] = "&Acirc;",
+   ["\195"] = "&Atilde;",
+   ["\199"] = "&Ccedil;",
+   ["\201"] = "&Eacute;",
+   ["\202"] = "&Ecirc;",
+   ["\205"] = "&Iacute;",
+   ["\211"] = "&Oacute;",
+   ["\212"] = "&Ocirc;",
+   ["\218"] = "&Uacute;",
+   ["\224"] = "&agrave;",
+   ["\225"] = "&aacute;",
+   ["\226"] = "&acirc;",
+   ["\227"] = "&atilde;",
+   ["\231"] = "&ccedil;",
+   ["\233"] = "&eacute;",
+   ["\234"] = "&ecirc;",
+   ["\237"] = "&iacute;",
+   ["\243"] = "&oacute;",
+   ["\244"] = "&ocirc;",
+   ["\245"] = "&otilde;",
+   ["\250"] = "&uacute;",
+   ["\252"] = "&uuml;"
+  })
+
+t = string.gsub(t, "\n\n+", "\1")
+
+
+
+-- complete macros with no arguments
+t = string.gsub(t, "(@%w+)([^{%w])", "%1{}%2")
+
+t = trata(t)
+
+-- correct references
+t = string.gsub(t, "\3(.-)\3", ref)
+
+-- remove extra space (??)
+t = string.gsub(t, "%s*\4%s*", "")
+
+t = nopara(t)
+
+-- HTML 3.2 does not need </p> (but complains when it is in wrong places :)
+t = string.gsub(t, "</p>", "")
+
+io.write(header, t, footer)
+

onelua.c

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+** Lua core, libraries, and interpreter in a single file.
+** Compiling just this file generates a complete Lua stand-alone
+** program:
+**
+** $ gcc -O2 -std=c99 -o lua onelua.c -lm
+**
+** or (for C89)
+**
+** $ gcc -O2 -std=c89 -DLUA_USE_C89 -o lua onelua.c -lm
+**
+** or (for Linux)
+**
+** gcc -O2 -o lua -DLUA_USE_LINUX -Wl,-E onelua.c -lm -ldl
+**
+*/
+
+/* default is to build the full interpreter */
+#ifndef MAKE_LIB
+#ifndef MAKE_LUAC
+#ifndef MAKE_LUA
+#define MAKE_LUA
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Choose suitable platform-specific features. Default is no
+** platform-specific features. Some of these options may need extra
+** libraries such as -ldl -lreadline -lncurses
+*/
+#if 0
+#define LUA_USE_LINUX
+#define LUA_USE_MACOSX
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Other specific features
+*/
+#if 0
+#define LUA_32BITS
+#define LUA_USE_C89
+#endif
+
+
+/* no need to change anything below this line ----------------------------- */
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+/* setup for luaconf.h */
+#define LUA_CORE
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "luaconf.h"
+
+/* do not export internal symbols */
+#undef LUAI_FUNC
+#undef LUAI_DDEC
+#undef LUAI_DDEF
+#define LUAI_FUNC	static
+#define LUAI_DDEC(def)	/* empty */
+#define LUAI_DDEF	static
+
+/* core -- used by all */
+#include "lzio.c"
+#include "lctype.c"
+#include "lopcodes.c"
+#include "lmem.c"
+#include "lundump.c"
+#include "ldump.c"
+#include "lstate.c"
+#include "lgc.c"
+#include "llex.c"
+#include "lcode.c"
+#include "lparser.c"
+#include "ldebug.c"
+#include "lfunc.c"
+#include "lobject.c"
+#include "ltm.c"
+#include "lstring.c"
+#include "ltable.c"
+#include "ldo.c"
+#include "lvm.c"
+#include "lapi.c"
+
+/* auxiliary library -- used by all */
+#include "lauxlib.c"
+
+/* standard library  -- not used by luac */
+#ifndef MAKE_LUAC
+#include "lbaselib.c"
+#include "lcorolib.c"
+#include "ldblib.c"
+#include "liolib.c"
+#include "lmathlib.c"
+#include "loadlib.c"
+#include "loslib.c"
+#include "lstrlib.c"
+#include "ltablib.c"
+#include "lutf8lib.c"
+#include "linit.c"
+#endif
+
+/* test library -- used only for internal development */
+#if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
+#include "ltests.c"
+#endif
+
+/* lua */
+#ifdef MAKE_LUA
+#include "lua.c"
+#endif
+
+/* luac */
+#ifdef MAKE_LUAC
+#include "luac.c"
+#endif

testes/all.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+#!../lua
+-- $Id: testes/all.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+global <const> *
+
+global _soft, _port, _nomsg
+global T
+
+local version = "Lua 5.5"
+if _VERSION ~= version then
+  io.stderr:write("This test suite is for ", version,
+                  ", not for ", _VERSION, "\nExiting tests")
+  return
+end
+
+
+_G.ARG = arg   -- save arg for other tests
+
+
+-- next variables control the execution of some tests
+-- true means no test (so an undefined variable does not skip a test)
+-- defaults are for Linux; test everything.
+-- Make true to avoid long or memory consuming tests
+_soft = rawget(_G, "_soft") or false
+-- Make true to avoid non-portable tests
+_port = rawget(_G, "_port") or false
+-- Make true to avoid messages about tests not performed
+_nomsg = rawget(_G, "_nomsg") or false
+
+
+local usertests = rawget(_G, "_U")
+
+if usertests then
+  _soft = true   -- avoid tests that take too long
+  _port = true   -- avoid non-portable tests
+  _nomsg = true  -- avoid messages about tests not performed
+end
+
+-- tests should require debug when needed
+global debug; debug = nil
+
+
+if usertests then
+  T = nil    -- no "internal" tests for user tests
+else
+  T = rawget(_G, "T")  -- avoid problems with 'strict' module
+end
+
+
+--[=[
+  example of a long [comment],
+  [[spanning several [lines]]]
+
+]=]
+
+print("\n\tStarting Tests")
+
+do
+  -- set random seed
+  local random_x, random_y = math.randomseed()
+  print(string.format("random seeds: %d, %d", random_x, random_y))
+end
+
+print("current path:\n****" .. package.path .. "****\n")
+
+
+local initclock = os.clock()
+local lastclock = initclock
+local walltime = os.time()
+
+local collectgarbage = collectgarbage
+
+do   -- (
+
+-- track messages for tests not performed
+local msgs = {}
+global function Message (m)
+  if not _nomsg then
+    print(m)
+    msgs[#msgs+1] = string.sub(m, 3, -3)
+  end
+end
+
+assert(os.setlocale"C")
+
+local T,print,format,write,assert,type,unpack,floor =
+      T,print,string.format,io.write,assert,type,table.unpack,math.floor
+
+-- use K for 1000 and M for 1000000 (not 2^10 -- 2^20)
+local function F (m)
+  local function round (m)
+    m = m + 0.04999
+    return format("%.1f", m)      -- keep one decimal digit
+  end
+  if m < 1000 then return m
+  else
+    m = m / 1000
+    if m < 1000 then return round(m).."K"
+    else
+      return round(m/1000).."M"
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+local Cstacklevel
+
+local showmem
+if not T then
+  local max = 0
+  showmem = function ()
+    local m = collectgarbage("count") * 1024
+    max = (m > max) and m or max
+    print(format("    ---- total memory: %s, max memory: %s ----\n",
+          F(m), F(max)))
+  end
+  Cstacklevel = function () return 0 end   -- no info about stack level
+else
+  showmem = function ()
+    T.checkmemory()
+    local total, numblocks, maxmem = T.totalmem()
+    local count = collectgarbage("count")
+    print(format(
+      "\n    ---- total memory: %s (%.0fK), max use: %s,  blocks: %d\n",
+      F(total), count, F(maxmem), numblocks))
+    print(format("\t(strings:  %d, tables: %d, functions: %d, "..
+                 "\n\tudata: %d, threads: %d)",
+                 T.totalmem"string", T.totalmem"table", T.totalmem"function",
+                 T.totalmem"userdata", T.totalmem"thread"))
+  end
+
+  Cstacklevel = function ()
+    local _, _, ncalls = T.stacklevel()
+    return ncalls    -- number of C calls
+  end
+end
+
+
+local Cstack = Cstacklevel()
+
+--
+-- redefine dofile to run files through dump/undump
+--
+local function report (n) print("\n***** FILE '"..n.."'*****") end
+local olddofile = dofile
+local dofile = function (n, strip)
+  showmem()
+  local c = os.clock()
+  print(string.format("time: %g (+%g)", c - initclock, c - lastclock))
+  lastclock = c
+  report(n)
+  local f = assert(loadfile(n))
+  local b = string.dump(f, strip)
+  f = assert(load(b))
+  return f()
+end
+
+dofile('main.lua')
+
+-- trace GC cycles
+require"tracegc".start()
+
+report"gc.lua"
+local f = assert(loadfile('gc.lua'))
+f()
+
+dofile('db.lua')
+assert(dofile('calls.lua') == deep and deep)
+_G.deep = nil
+olddofile('strings.lua')
+olddofile('literals.lua')
+dofile('tpack.lua')
+assert(dofile('attrib.lua') == 27)
+dofile('gengc.lua')
+assert(dofile('locals.lua') == 5)
+dofile('constructs.lua')
+dofile('code.lua', true)
+if not _G._soft then
+  report('big.lua')
+  local f = coroutine.wrap(assert(loadfile('big.lua')))
+  assert(f() == 'b')
+  assert(f() == 'a')
+end
+dofile('cstack.lua')
+dofile('nextvar.lua')
+dofile('pm.lua')
+dofile('utf8.lua')
+dofile('api.lua')
+dofile('memerr.lua')
+assert(dofile('events.lua') == 12)
+dofile('vararg.lua')
+dofile('closure.lua')
+dofile('coroutine.lua')
+dofile('goto.lua', true)
+dofile('errors.lua')
+dofile('math.lua')
+dofile('sort.lua', true)
+dofile('bitwise.lua')
+assert(dofile('verybig.lua', true) == 10); collectgarbage()
+dofile('files.lua')
+
+if #msgs > 0 then
+  local m = table.concat(msgs, "\n  ")
+  warn("#tests not performed:\n  ", m, "\n")
+end
+
+print("(there should be two warnings now)")
+warn("@on")
+warn("#This is ", "an expected", " warning")
+warn("@off")
+warn("******** THIS WARNING SHOULD NOT APPEAR **********")
+warn("******** THIS WARNING ALSO SHOULD NOT APPEAR **********")
+warn("@on")
+warn("#This is", " another one")
+
+-- no test module should define 'debug'
+assert(debug == nil)
+
+local debug = require "debug"
+
+print(string.format("%d-bit integers, %d-bit floats",
+        string.packsize("j") * 8, string.packsize("n") * 8))
+
+debug.sethook(function (a) assert(type(a) == 'string') end, "cr")
+
+-- to survive outside block
+_G.showmem = showmem
+
+
+assert(Cstack == Cstacklevel(),
+  "should be at the same C-stack level it was when started the tests")
+
+end   --)
+
+local _G, showmem, print, format, clock, time, difftime,
+      assert, open, warn =
+      _G, showmem, print, string.format, os.clock, os.time, os.difftime,
+      assert, io.open, warn
+
+-- file with time of last performed test
+local fname = T and "time-debug.txt" or "time.txt"
+local lasttime
+
+if not usertests then
+  -- open file with time of last performed test
+  local f = io.open(fname)
+  if f then
+    lasttime = assert(tonumber(f:read'a'))
+    f:close();
+  else   -- no such file; assume it is recording time for first time
+    lasttime = nil
+  end
+end
+
+-- erase (almost) all globals
+print('cleaning all!!!!')
+for n in pairs(_G) do
+  if not ({___Glob = 1, tostring = 1})[n] then
+    _G[n] = undef
+  end
+end
+
+
+collectgarbage()
+collectgarbage()
+collectgarbage()
+collectgarbage()
+collectgarbage()
+collectgarbage();showmem()
+
+local clocktime = clock() - initclock
+walltime = difftime(time(), walltime)
+
+print(format("\n\ntotal time: %.2fs (wall time: %gs)\n", clocktime, walltime))
+
+if not usertests then
+  lasttime = lasttime or clocktime    -- if no last time, ignore difference
+  -- check whether current test time differs more than 5% from last time
+  local diff = (clocktime - lasttime) / lasttime
+  local tolerance = 0.05    -- 5%
+  if (diff >= tolerance or diff <= -tolerance) then
+    warn(format("#time difference from previous test: %+.1f%%",
+                  diff * 100))
+  end
+  assert(open(fname, "w")):write(clocktime):close()
+end
+
+print("final OK !!!")
+

testes/attrib.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+-- $Id: testes/attrib.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+print "testing require"
+
+assert(require"string" == string)
+assert(require"math" == math)
+assert(require"table" == table)
+assert(require"io" == io)
+assert(require"os" == os)
+assert(require"coroutine" == coroutine)
+
+assert(type(package.path) == "string")
+assert(type(package.cpath) == "string")
+assert(type(package.loaded) == "table")
+assert(type(package.preload) == "table")
+
+assert(type(package.config) == "string")
+print("package config: "..string.gsub(package.config, "\n", "|"))
+
+do
+  -- create a path with 'max' templates,
+  -- each with 1-10 repetitions of '?'
+  local max = _soft and 100 or 2000
+  local t = {}
+  for i = 1,max do t[i] = string.rep("?", i%10 + 1) end
+  t[#t + 1] = ";"    -- empty template
+  local path = table.concat(t, ";")
+  -- use that path in a search
+  local s, err = package.searchpath("xuxu", path)
+  -- search fails; check that message has an occurrence of
+  -- '??????????' with ? replaced by xuxu and at least 'max' lines
+  assert(not s and
+         string.find(err, string.rep("xuxu", 10)) and
+         #string.gsub(err, "[^\n]", "") >= max)
+  -- path with one very long template
+  local path = string.rep("?", max)
+  local s, err = package.searchpath("xuxu", path)
+  assert(not s and string.find(err, string.rep('xuxu', max)))
+end
+
+do
+  local oldpath = package.path
+  package.path = {}
+  local s, err = pcall(require, "no-such-file")
+  assert(not s and string.find(err, "package.path"))
+  package.path = oldpath
+end
+
+
+do  print"testing 'require' message"
+  local oldpath = package.path
+  local oldcpath = package.cpath
+
+  package.path = "?.lua;?/?"
+  package.cpath = "?.so;?/init"
+
+  local st, msg = pcall(require, 'XXX')
+
+  local expected = [[module 'XXX' not found:
+	no field package.preload['XXX']
+	no file 'XXX.lua'
+	no file 'XXX/XXX'
+	no file 'XXX.so'
+	no file 'XXX/init']]
+
+  assert(msg == expected)
+
+  package.path = oldpath
+  package.cpath = oldcpath
+end
+
+print('+')
+
+
+-- The next tests for 'require' assume some specific directories and
+-- libraries.
+
+if not _port then --[
+
+local dirsep = string.match(package.config, "^([^\n]+)\n")
+
+-- auxiliary directory with C modules and temporary files
+local DIR = "libs" .. dirsep
+
+-- prepend DIR to a name and correct directory separators
+local function D (x)
+  local x = string.gsub(x, "/", dirsep)
+  return DIR .. x
+end
+
+-- prepend DIR and pospend proper C lib. extension to a name
+local function DC (x)
+  local ext = (dirsep == '\\') and ".dll" or ".so"
+  return D(x .. ext)
+end
+
+
+local function createfiles (files, preextras, posextras)
+  for n,c in pairs(files) do
+    io.output(D(n))
+    io.write(string.format(preextras, n))
+    io.write(c)
+    io.write(string.format(posextras, n))
+    io.close(io.output())
+  end
+end
+
+local function removefiles (files)
+  for n in pairs(files) do
+    os.remove(D(n))
+  end
+end
+
+local files = {
+  ["names.lua"] = "do return {...} end\n",
+  ["err.lua"] = "B = 15; a = a + 1;",
+  ["synerr.lua"] = "B =",
+  ["A.lua"] = "",
+  ["B.lua"] = "assert(...=='B');require 'A'",
+  ["A.lc"] = "",
+  ["A"] = "",
+  ["L"] = "",
+  ["XXxX"] = "",
+  ["C.lua"] = "package.loaded[...] = 25; require'C'",
+}
+
+AA = nil
+local extras = [[
+NAME = '%s'
+REQUIRED = ...
+return AA]]
+
+createfiles(files, "", extras)
+
+-- testing explicit "dir" separator in 'searchpath'
+assert(package.searchpath("C.lua", D"?", "", "") == D"C.lua")
+assert(package.searchpath("C.lua", D"?", ".", ".") == D"C.lua")
+assert(package.searchpath("--x-", D"?", "-", "X") == D"XXxX")
+assert(package.searchpath("---xX", D"?", "---", "XX") == D"XXxX")
+assert(package.searchpath(D"C.lua", "?", dirsep) == D"C.lua")
+assert(package.searchpath(".\\C.lua", D"?", "\\") == D"./C.lua")
+
+local oldpath = package.path
+
+package.path = string.gsub("D/?.lua;D/?.lc;D/?;D/??x?;D/L", "D/", DIR)
+
+local try = function (p, n, r, ext)
+  NAME = nil
+  local rr, x = require(p)
+  assert(NAME == n)
+  assert(REQUIRED == p)
+  assert(rr == r)
+  assert(ext == x)
+end
+
+local a = require"names"
+assert(a[1] == "names" and a[2] == D"names.lua")
+
+local st, msg = pcall(require, "err")
+assert(not st and string.find(msg, "arithmetic") and B == 15)
+st, msg = pcall(require, "synerr")
+assert(not st and string.find(msg, "error loading module"))
+
+assert(package.searchpath("C", package.path) == D"C.lua")
+assert(require"C" == 25)
+assert(require"C" == 25)
+AA = nil
+try('B', 'B.lua', true, "libs/B.lua")
+assert(package.loaded.B)
+assert(require"B" == true)
+assert(package.loaded.A)
+assert(require"C" == 25)
+package.loaded.A = nil
+try('B', nil, true, nil)   -- should not reload package
+try('A', 'A.lua', true, "libs/A.lua")
+package.loaded.A = nil
+os.remove(D'A.lua')
+AA = {}
+try('A', 'A.lc', AA, "libs/A.lc")  -- now must find second option
+assert(package.searchpath("A", package.path) == D"A.lc")
+assert(require("A") == AA)
+AA = false
+try('K', 'L', false, "libs/L")     -- default option
+try('K', 'L', false, "libs/L")     -- default option (should reload it)
+assert(rawget(_G, "_REQUIREDNAME") == nil)
+
+AA = "x"
+try("X", "XXxX", AA, "libs/XXxX")
+
+
+removefiles(files)
+NAME, REQUIRED, AA, B = nil
+
+
+-- testing require of sub-packages
+
+local _G = _G
+
+package.path = string.gsub("D/?.lua;D/?/init.lua", "D/", DIR)
+
+files = {
+  ["P1/init.lua"] = "AA = 10",
+  ["P1/xuxu.lua"] = "AA = 20",
+}
+
+createfiles(files, "_ENV = {}\n", "\nreturn _ENV\n")
+AA = 0
+
+local m, ext = assert(require"P1")
+assert(ext == "libs/P1/init.lua")
+assert(AA == 0 and m.AA == 10)
+assert(require"P1" == m)
+assert(require"P1" == m)
+
+assert(package.searchpath("P1.xuxu", package.path) == D"P1/xuxu.lua")
+m.xuxu, ext = assert(require"P1.xuxu")
+assert(AA == 0 and m.xuxu.AA == 20)
+assert(ext == "libs/P1/xuxu.lua")
+assert(require"P1.xuxu" == m.xuxu)
+assert(require"P1.xuxu" == m.xuxu)
+assert(require"P1" == m and m.AA == 10)
+
+
+removefiles(files)
+AA = nil
+
+package.path = ""
+assert(not pcall(require, "file_does_not_exist"))
+package.path = "??\0?"
+assert(not pcall(require, "file_does_not_exist1"))
+
+package.path = oldpath
+
+-- check 'require' error message
+local fname = "file_does_not_exist2"
+local m, err = pcall(require, fname)
+for t in string.gmatch(package.path..";"..package.cpath, "[^;]+") do
+  local t = string.gsub(t, "?", fname)
+  assert(string.find(err, t, 1, true))
+end
+
+do  -- testing 'package.searchers' not being a table
+  local searchers = package.searchers
+  package.searchers = 3
+  local st, msg = pcall(require, 'a')
+  assert(not st and string.find(msg, "must be a table"))
+  package.searchers = searchers
+end
+
+local function import(...)
+  local f = {...}
+  return function (m)
+    for i=1, #f do m[f[i]] = _G[f[i]] end
+  end
+end
+
+-- cannot change environment of a C function
+assert(not pcall(module, 'XUXU'))
+
+
+
+-- testing require of C libraries
+
+
+local p = ""   -- On Mac OS X, redefine this to "_"
+
+-- check whether loadlib works in this system
+local st, err, when = package.loadlib(DC"lib1", "*")
+if not st then
+  local f, err, when = package.loadlib("donotexist", p.."xuxu")
+  assert(not f and type(err) == "string" and when == "absent")
+  ;(Message or print)('\n >>> cannot load dynamic library <<<\n')
+  print(err, when)
+else
+  -- tests for loadlib
+  local f = assert(package.loadlib(DC"lib1", p.."onefunction"))
+  local a, b = f(15, 25)
+  assert(a == 25 and b == 15)
+
+  f = assert(package.loadlib(DC"lib1", p.."anotherfunc"))
+  assert(f(10, 20) == "10%20\n")
+
+  -- check error messages
+  local f, err, when = package.loadlib(DC"lib1", p.."xuxu")
+  assert(not f and type(err) == "string" and when == "init")
+  f, err, when = package.loadlib("donotexist", p.."xuxu")
+  assert(not f and type(err) == "string" and when == "open")
+
+  -- symbols from 'lib1' must be visible to other libraries
+  f = assert(package.loadlib(DC"lib11", p.."luaopen_lib11"))
+  assert(f() == "exported")
+
+  -- test C modules with prefixes in names
+  package.cpath = DC"?"
+  local lib2, ext = require"lib2-v2"
+  assert(string.find(ext, "libs/lib2-v2", 1, true))
+  -- check correct access to global environment and correct
+  -- parameters
+  assert(_ENV.x == "lib2-v2" and _ENV.y == DC"lib2-v2")
+  assert(lib2.id("x") == true)   -- a different "id" implementation
+
+  -- test C submodules
+  local fs, ext = require"lib1.sub"
+  assert(_ENV.x == "lib1.sub" and _ENV.y == DC"lib1")
+  assert(string.find(ext, "libs/lib1", 1, true))
+  assert(fs.id(45) == 45)
+  _ENV.x, _ENV.y = nil
+end
+
+
+_ENV = _G
+
+
+-- testing preload
+do
+  local p = package
+  package = {}
+  p.preload.pl = function (...)
+    local _ENV = {...}
+    function xuxu (x) return x+20 end
+    return _ENV
+  end
+
+  local pl, ext = require"pl"
+  assert(require"pl" == pl)
+  assert(pl.xuxu(10) == 30)
+  assert(pl[1] == "pl" and pl[2] == ":preload:" and ext == ":preload:")
+
+  package = p
+  assert(type(package.path) == "string")
+end
+
+
+do  print("testing external strings")
+  package.cpath = DC"?"
+  local lib2 = require"lib2-v2"
+  local t = {}
+  for _, len in ipairs{0, 10, 39, 40, 41, 1000} do
+    local str = string.rep("a", len)
+    local str1 = lib2.newstr(str)
+    assert(str == str1)
+    assert(not T or T.hash(str) == T.hash(str1))
+    t[str1] = 20; assert(t[str] == 20 and t[str1] == 20)
+    t[str] = 10; assert(t[str1] == 10)
+    local tt = {[str1] = str1}
+    assert(next(tt) == str1 and next(tt, str1) == nil)
+    assert(tt[str] == str)
+    local str2 = lib2.newstr(str1)
+    assert(str == str2 and t[str2] == 10 and tt[str2] == str)
+  end
+end
+
+print('+')
+
+end  --]
+
+print("testing assignments, logical operators, and constructors")
+
+local res, res2 = 27
+
+local a, b = 1, 2+3
+assert(a==1 and b==5)
+a={}
+local function f() return 10, 11, 12 end
+a.x, b, a[1] = 1, 2, f()
+assert(a.x==1 and b==2 and a[1]==10)
+a[f()], b, a[f()+3] = f(), a, 'x'
+assert(a[10] == 10 and b == a and a[13] == 'x')
+
+do
+  local f = function (n) local x = {}; for i=1,n do x[i]=i end;
+                         return table.unpack(x) end;
+  local a,b,c
+  a,b = 0, f(1)
+  assert(a == 0 and b == 1)
+  a,b = 0, f(1)
+  assert(a == 0 and b == 1)
+  a,b,c = 0,5,f(4)
+  assert(a==0 and b==5 and c==1)
+  a,b,c = 0,5,f(0)
+  assert(a==0 and b==5 and c==nil)
+end
+
+local a, b, c, d = 1 and nil, 1 or nil, (1 and (nil or 1)), 6
+assert(not a and b and c and d==6)
+
+d = 20
+a, b, c, d = f()
+assert(a==10 and b==11 and c==12 and d==nil)
+a,b = f(), 1, 2, 3, f()
+assert(a==10 and b==1)
+
+assert(a<b == false and a>b == true)
+assert((10 and 2) == 2)
+assert((10 or 2) == 10)
+assert((10 or assert(nil)) == 10)
+assert(not (nil and assert(nil)))
+assert((nil or "alo") == "alo")
+assert((nil and 10) == nil)
+assert((false and 10) == false)
+assert((true or 10) == true)
+assert((false or 10) == 10)
+assert(false ~= nil)
+assert(nil ~= false)
+assert(not nil == true)
+assert(not not nil == false)
+assert(not not 1 == true)
+assert(not not a == true)
+assert(not not (6 or nil) == true)
+assert(not not (nil and 56) == false)
+assert(not not (nil and true) == false)
+assert(not 10 == false)
+assert(not {} == false)
+assert(not 0.5 == false)
+assert(not "x" == false)
+
+assert({} ~= {})
+print('+')
+
+a = {}
+a[true] = 20
+a[false] = 10
+assert(a[1<2] == 20 and a[1>2] == 10)
+
+function f(a) return a end
+
+local a = {}
+for i=3000,-3000,-1 do a[i + 0.0] = i; end
+a[10e30] = "alo"; a[true] = 10; a[false] = 20
+assert(a[10e30] == 'alo' and a[not 1] == 20 and a[10<20] == 10)
+for i=3000,-3000,-1 do assert(a[i] == i); end
+a[print] = assert
+a[f] = print
+a[a] = a
+assert(a[a][a][a][a][print] == assert)
+a[print](a[a[f]] == a[print])
+assert(not pcall(function () local a = {}; a[nil] = 10 end))
+assert(not pcall(function () local a = {[nil] = 10} end))
+assert(a[nil] == undef)
+a = nil
+
+local a, b, c
+a = {10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2; [-3]='a', [f]=print, a='a', b='ab'}
+a, a.x, a.y = a, a[-3]
+assert(a[1]==10 and a[-3]==a.a and a[f]==print and a.x=='a' and not a.y)
+a[1], f(a)[2], b, c = {['alo']=assert}, 10, a[1], a[f], 6, 10, 23, f(a), 2
+a[1].alo(a[2]==10 and b==10 and c==print)
+
+a.aVeryLongName012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 = 10
+local function foo ()
+  return a.aVeryLongName012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+end
+assert(foo() == 10 and
+a.aVeryLongName012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 ==
+10)
+
+
+do
+  -- _ENV constant
+  local function foo ()
+    local _ENV <const> = 11
+    X = "hi"
+  end
+  local st, msg = pcall(foo)
+  assert(not st and string.find(msg, "number"))
+end
+
+
+-- test of large float/integer indices
+
+-- compute maximum integer where all bits fit in a float
+local maxint = math.maxinteger
+
+-- trim (if needed) to fit in a float
+while maxint ~= (maxint + 0.0) or (maxint - 1) ~= (maxint - 1.0) do
+  maxint = maxint // 2
+end
+
+local maxintF = maxint + 0.0   -- float version
+
+assert(maxintF == maxint and math.type(maxintF) == "float" and
+       maxintF >= 2.0^14)
+
+-- floats and integers must index the same places
+a[maxintF] = 10; a[maxintF - 1.0] = 11;
+a[-maxintF] = 12; a[-maxintF + 1.0] = 13;
+
+assert(a[maxint] == 10 and a[maxint - 1] == 11 and
+       a[-maxint] == 12 and a[-maxint + 1] == 13)
+
+a[maxint] = 20
+a[-maxint] = 22
+
+assert(a[maxintF] == 20 and a[maxintF - 1.0] == 11 and
+       a[-maxintF] == 22 and a[-maxintF + 1.0] == 13)
+
+a = nil
+
+
+-- test conflicts in multiple assignment
+do
+  local a,i,j,b
+  a = {'a', 'b'}; i=1; j=2; b=a
+  i, a[i], a, j, a[j], a[i+j] = j, i, i, b, j, i
+  assert(i == 2 and b[1] == 1 and a == 1 and j == b and b[2] == 2 and
+         b[3] == 1)
+  a = {}
+  local function foo ()    -- assigining to upvalues
+    b, a.x, a = a, 10, 20
+  end
+  foo()
+  assert(a == 20 and b.x == 10)
+end
+
+-- repeat test with upvalues
+do
+  local a,i,j,b
+  a = {'a', 'b'}; i=1; j=2; b=a
+  local function foo ()
+    i, a[i], a, j, a[j], a[i+j] = j, i, i, b, j, i
+  end
+  foo()
+  assert(i == 2 and b[1] == 1 and a == 1 and j == b and b[2] == 2 and
+         b[3] == 1)
+  local t = {}
+  (function (a) t[a], a = 10, 20  end)(1);
+  assert(t[1] == 10)
+end
+
+-- bug in 5.2 beta
+local function foo ()
+  local a
+  return function ()
+    local b
+    a, b = 3, 14    -- local and upvalue have same index
+    return a, b
+  end
+end
+
+local a, b = foo()()
+assert(a == 3 and b == 14)
+
+print('OK')
+
+return res
+

testes/big.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+-- $Id: testes/big.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+if _soft then
+  return 'a'
+end
+
+print "testing large tables"
+
+local debug = require"debug" 
+
+local lim = 2^18 + 1000
+local prog = { "local y = {0" }
+for i = 1, lim do prog[#prog + 1] = i  end
+prog[#prog + 1] = "}\n"
+prog[#prog + 1] = "X = y\n"
+prog[#prog + 1] = ("assert(X[%d] == %d)"):format(lim - 1, lim - 2)
+prog[#prog + 1] = "return 0"
+prog = table.concat(prog, ";")
+
+local env = {string = string, assert = assert}
+local f = assert(load(prog, nil, nil, env))
+
+f()
+assert(env.X[lim] == lim - 1 and env.X[lim + 1] == lim)
+for k in pairs(env) do env[k] = undef end
+
+-- yields during accesses larger than K (in RK)
+setmetatable(env, {
+  __index = function (t, n) coroutine.yield('g'); return _G[n] end,
+  __newindex = function (t, n, v) coroutine.yield('s'); _G[n] = v end,
+})
+
+X = nil
+local co = coroutine.wrap(f)
+assert(co() == 's')
+assert(co() == 'g')
+assert(co() == 'g')
+assert(co() == 0)
+
+assert(X[lim] == lim - 1 and X[lim + 1] == lim)
+
+-- errors in accesses larger than K (in RK)
+getmetatable(env).__index = function () end
+getmetatable(env).__newindex = function () end
+local e, m = pcall(f)
+assert(not e and m:find("global 'X'"))
+
+-- errors in metamethods 
+getmetatable(env).__newindex = function () error("hi") end
+local e, m = xpcall(f, debug.traceback)
+assert(not e and m:find("'newindex'"))
+
+f, X = nil
+
+coroutine.yield'b'
+
+if 2^32 == 0 then   -- (small integers) {   
+
+print "testing string length overflow"
+
+local repstrings = 192          -- number of strings to be concatenated
+local ssize = math.ceil(2.0^32 / repstrings) + 1   -- size of each string
+
+assert(repstrings * ssize > 2.0^32)  -- it should be larger than maximum size
+
+local longs = string.rep("\0", ssize)   -- create one long string
+
+-- create function to concatenate 'repstrings' copies of its argument
+local rep = assert(load(
+  "local a = ...; return " .. string.rep("a", repstrings, "..")))
+
+local a, b = pcall(rep, longs)   -- call that function
+
+-- it should fail without creating string (result would be too large)
+assert(not a and string.find(b, "overflow"))
+
+end   -- }
+
+print'OK'
+
+return 'a'

testes/bitwise.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+-- $Id: testes/bitwise.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+print("testing bitwise operations")
+
+require "bwcoercion"
+
+local numbits = string.packsize('j') * 8
+
+assert(~0 == -1)
+
+assert((1 << (numbits - 1)) == math.mininteger)
+
+-- basic tests for bitwise operators;
+-- use variables to avoid constant folding
+local a, b, c, d
+a = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+assert(a == -1 and a & -1 == a and a & 35 == 35)
+a = 0xF0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0
+assert(a | -1 == -1)
+assert(a ~ a == 0 and a ~ 0 == a and a ~ ~a == -1)
+assert(a >> 4 == ~a)
+a = 0xF0; b = 0xCC; c = 0xAA; d = 0xFD
+assert(a | b ~ c & d == 0xF4)
+
+a = 0xF0.0; b = 0xCC.0; c = "0xAA.0"; d = "0xFD.0"
+assert(a | b ~ c & d == 0xF4)
+
+a = 0xF0000000; b = 0xCC000000;
+c = 0xAA000000; d = 0xFD000000
+assert(a | b ~ c & d == 0xF4000000)
+assert(~~a == a and ~a == -1 ~ a and -d == ~d + 1)
+
+a = a << 32
+b = b << 32
+c = c << 32
+d = d << 32
+assert(a | b ~ c & d == 0xF4000000 << 32)
+assert(~~a == a and ~a == -1 ~ a and -d == ~d + 1)
+
+
+do   -- constant folding
+  local code = string.format("return -1 >> %d", math.maxinteger)
+  assert(load(code)() == 0)
+  local code = string.format("return -1 >> %d", math.mininteger)
+  assert(load(code)() == 0)
+  local code = string.format("return -1 << %d", math.maxinteger)
+  assert(load(code)() == 0)
+  local code = string.format("return -1 << %d", math.mininteger)
+  assert(load(code)() == 0)
+end
+
+assert(-1 >> 1 == (1 << (numbits - 1)) - 1 and 1 << 31 == 0x80000000)
+assert(-1 >> (numbits - 1) == 1)
+assert(-1 >> numbits == 0 and
+       -1 >> -numbits == 0 and
+       -1 << numbits == 0 and
+       -1 << -numbits == 0)
+
+assert(1 >> math.mininteger == 0)
+assert(1 >> math.maxinteger == 0)
+assert(1 << math.mininteger == 0)
+assert(1 << math.maxinteger == 0)
+
+assert((2^30 - 1) << 2^30 == 0)
+assert((2^30 - 1) >> 2^30 == 0)
+
+assert(1 >> -3 == 1 << 3 and 1000 >> 5 == 1000 << -5)
+
+
+-- coercion from strings to integers
+assert("0xffffffffffffffff" | 0 == -1)
+assert("0xfffffffffffffffe" & "-1" == -2)
+assert(" \t-0xfffffffffffffffe\n\t" & "-1" == 2)
+assert("   \n  -45  \t " >> "  -2  " == -45 * 4)
+assert("1234.0" << "5.0" == 1234 * 32)
+assert("0xffff.0" ~ "0xAAAA" == 0x5555)
+assert(~"0x0.000p4" == -1)
+
+assert(("7" .. 3) << 1 == 146)
+assert(0xffffffff >> (1 .. "9") == 0x1fff)
+assert(10 | (1 .. "9") == 27)
+
+do
+  local st, msg = pcall(function () return 4 & "a" end)
+  assert(string.find(msg, "'band'"))
+
+  local st, msg = pcall(function () return ~"a" end)
+  assert(string.find(msg, "'bnot'"))
+end
+
+
+-- out of range number
+assert(not pcall(function () return "0xffffffffffffffff.0" | 0 end))
+
+-- embedded zeros
+assert(not pcall(function () return "0xffffffffffffffff\0" | 0 end))
+
+print'+'
+
+
+package.preload.bit32 = function ()     --{
+
+-- no built-in 'bit32' library: implement it using bitwise operators
+
+local bit = {}
+
+function bit.bnot (a)
+  return ~a & 0xFFFFFFFF
+end
+
+
+--
+-- in all vararg functions, avoid creating 'arg' table when there are
+-- only 2 (or less) parameters, as 2 parameters is the common case
+--
+
+function bit.band (x, y, z, ...)
+  if not z then
+    return ((x or -1) & (y or -1)) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+  else
+    local arg = {...}
+    local res = x & y & z
+    for i = 1, #arg do res = res & arg[i] end
+    return res & 0xFFFFFFFF
+  end
+end
+
+function bit.bor (x, y, z, ...)
+  if not z then
+    return ((x or 0) | (y or 0)) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+  else
+    local arg = {...}
+    local res = x | y | z
+    for i = 1, #arg do res = res | arg[i] end
+    return res & 0xFFFFFFFF
+  end
+end
+
+function bit.bxor (x, y, z, ...)
+  if not z then
+    return ((x or 0) ~ (y or 0)) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+  else
+    local arg = {...}
+    local res = x ~ y ~ z
+    for i = 1, #arg do res = res ~ arg[i] end
+    return res & 0xFFFFFFFF
+  end
+end
+
+function bit.btest (...)
+  return bit.band(...) ~= 0
+end
+
+function bit.lshift (a, b)
+  return ((a & 0xFFFFFFFF) << b) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+end
+
+function bit.rshift (a, b)
+  return ((a & 0xFFFFFFFF) >> b) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+end
+
+function bit.arshift (a, b)
+  a = a & 0xFFFFFFFF
+  if b <= 0 or (a & 0x80000000) == 0 then
+    return (a >> b) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+  else
+    return ((a >> b) | ~(0xFFFFFFFF >> b)) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+  end
+end
+
+function bit.lrotate (a ,b)
+  b = b & 31
+  a = a & 0xFFFFFFFF
+  a = (a << b) | (a >> (32 - b))
+  return a & 0xFFFFFFFF
+end
+
+function bit.rrotate (a, b)
+  return bit.lrotate(a, -b)
+end
+
+local function checkfield (f, w)
+  w = w or 1
+  assert(f >= 0, "field cannot be negative")
+  assert(w > 0, "width must be positive")
+  assert(f + w <= 32, "trying to access non-existent bits")
+  return f, ~(-1 << w)
+end
+
+function bit.extract (a, f, w)
+  local f, mask = checkfield(f, w)
+  return (a >> f) & mask
+end
+
+function bit.replace (a, v, f, w)
+  local f, mask = checkfield(f, w)
+  v = v & mask
+  a = (a & ~(mask << f)) | (v << f)
+  return a & 0xFFFFFFFF
+end
+
+return bit
+
+end  --}
+
+
+print("testing bitwise library")
+
+local bit32 = require'bit32'
+
+assert(bit32.band() == bit32.bnot(0))
+assert(bit32.btest() == true)
+assert(bit32.bor() == 0)
+assert(bit32.bxor() == 0)
+
+assert(bit32.band() == bit32.band(0xffffffff))
+assert(bit32.band(1,2) == 0)
+
+
+-- out-of-range numbers
+assert(bit32.band(-1) == 0xffffffff)
+assert(bit32.band((1 << 33) - 1) == 0xffffffff)
+assert(bit32.band(-(1 << 33) - 1) == 0xffffffff)
+assert(bit32.band((1 << 33) + 1) == 1)
+assert(bit32.band(-(1 << 33) + 1) == 1)
+assert(bit32.band(-(1 << 40)) == 0)
+assert(bit32.band(1 << 40) == 0)
+assert(bit32.band(-(1 << 40) - 2) == 0xfffffffe)
+assert(bit32.band((1 << 40) - 4) == 0xfffffffc)
+
+assert(bit32.lrotate(0, -1) == 0)
+assert(bit32.lrotate(0, 7) == 0)
+assert(bit32.lrotate(0x12345678, 0) == 0x12345678)
+assert(bit32.lrotate(0x12345678, 32) == 0x12345678)
+assert(bit32.lrotate(0x12345678, 4) == 0x23456781)
+assert(bit32.rrotate(0x12345678, -4) == 0x23456781)
+assert(bit32.lrotate(0x12345678, -8) == 0x78123456)
+assert(bit32.rrotate(0x12345678, 8) == 0x78123456)
+assert(bit32.lrotate(0xaaaaaaaa, 2) == 0xaaaaaaaa)
+assert(bit32.lrotate(0xaaaaaaaa, -2) == 0xaaaaaaaa)
+for i = -50, 50 do
+  assert(bit32.lrotate(0x89abcdef, i) == bit32.lrotate(0x89abcdef, i%32))
+end
+
+assert(bit32.lshift(0x12345678, 4) == 0x23456780)
+assert(bit32.lshift(0x12345678, 8) == 0x34567800)
+assert(bit32.lshift(0x12345678, -4) == 0x01234567)
+assert(bit32.lshift(0x12345678, -8) == 0x00123456)
+assert(bit32.lshift(0x12345678, 32) == 0)
+assert(bit32.lshift(0x12345678, -32) == 0)
+assert(bit32.rshift(0x12345678, 4) == 0x01234567)
+assert(bit32.rshift(0x12345678, 8) == 0x00123456)
+assert(bit32.rshift(0x12345678, 32) == 0)
+assert(bit32.rshift(0x12345678, -32) == 0)
+assert(bit32.arshift(0x12345678, 0) == 0x12345678)
+assert(bit32.arshift(0x12345678, 1) == 0x12345678 // 2)
+assert(bit32.arshift(0x12345678, -1) == 0x12345678 * 2)
+assert(bit32.arshift(-1, 1) == 0xffffffff)
+assert(bit32.arshift(-1, 24) == 0xffffffff)
+assert(bit32.arshift(-1, 32) == 0xffffffff)
+assert(bit32.arshift(-1, -1) == bit32.band(-1 * 2, 0xffffffff))
+
+assert(0x12345678 << 4 == 0x123456780)
+assert(0x12345678 << 8 == 0x1234567800)
+assert(0x12345678 << -4 == 0x01234567)
+assert(0x12345678 << -8 == 0x00123456)
+assert(0x12345678 << 32 == 0x1234567800000000)
+assert(0x12345678 << -32 == 0)
+assert(0x12345678 >> 4 == 0x01234567)
+assert(0x12345678 >> 8 == 0x00123456)
+assert(0x12345678 >> 32 == 0)
+assert(0x12345678 >> -32 == 0x1234567800000000)
+
+print("+")
+-- some special cases
+local c = {0, 1, 2, 3, 10, 0x80000000, 0xaaaaaaaa, 0x55555555,
+           0xffffffff, 0x7fffffff}
+
+for _, b in pairs(c) do
+  assert(bit32.band(b) == b)
+  assert(bit32.band(b, b) == b)
+  assert(bit32.band(b, b, b, b) == b)
+  assert(bit32.btest(b, b) == (b ~= 0))
+  assert(bit32.band(b, b, b) == b)
+  assert(bit32.band(b, b, b, ~b) == 0)
+  assert(bit32.btest(b, b, b) == (b ~= 0))
+  assert(bit32.band(b, bit32.bnot(b)) == 0)
+  assert(bit32.bor(b, bit32.bnot(b)) == bit32.bnot(0))
+  assert(bit32.bor(b) == b)
+  assert(bit32.bor(b, b) == b)
+  assert(bit32.bor(b, b, b) == b)
+  assert(bit32.bor(b, b, 0, ~b) == 0xffffffff)
+  assert(bit32.bxor(b) == b)
+  assert(bit32.bxor(b, b) == 0)
+  assert(bit32.bxor(b, b, b) == b)
+  assert(bit32.bxor(b, b, b, b) == 0)
+  assert(bit32.bxor(b, 0) == b)
+  assert(bit32.bnot(b) ~= b)
+  assert(bit32.bnot(bit32.bnot(b)) == b)
+  assert(bit32.bnot(b) == (1 << 32) - 1 - b)
+  assert(bit32.lrotate(b, 32) == b)
+  assert(bit32.rrotate(b, 32) == b)
+  assert(bit32.lshift(bit32.lshift(b, -4), 4) == bit32.band(b, bit32.bnot(0xf)))
+  assert(bit32.rshift(bit32.rshift(b, 4), -4) == bit32.band(b, bit32.bnot(0xf)))
+end
+
+-- for this test, use at most 24 bits (mantissa of a single float)
+c = {0, 1, 2, 3, 10, 0x800000, 0xaaaaaa, 0x555555, 0xffffff, 0x7fffff}
+for _, b in pairs(c) do
+  for i = -40, 40 do
+    local x = bit32.lshift(b, i)
+    local y = math.floor(math.fmod(b * 2.0^i, 2.0^32))
+    assert(math.fmod(x - y, 2.0^32) == 0)
+  end
+end
+
+assert(not pcall(bit32.band, {}))
+assert(not pcall(bit32.bnot, "a"))
+assert(not pcall(bit32.lshift, 45))
+assert(not pcall(bit32.lshift, 45, print))
+assert(not pcall(bit32.rshift, 45, print))
+
+print("+")
+
+
+-- testing extract/replace
+
+assert(bit32.extract(0x12345678, 0, 4) == 8)
+assert(bit32.extract(0x12345678, 4, 4) == 7)
+assert(bit32.extract(0xa0001111, 28, 4) == 0xa)
+assert(bit32.extract(0xa0001111, 31, 1) == 1)
+assert(bit32.extract(0x50000111, 31, 1) == 0)
+assert(bit32.extract(0xf2345679, 0, 32) == 0xf2345679)
+
+assert(not pcall(bit32.extract, 0, -1))
+assert(not pcall(bit32.extract, 0, 32))
+assert(not pcall(bit32.extract, 0, 0, 33))
+assert(not pcall(bit32.extract, 0, 31, 2))
+
+assert(bit32.replace(0x12345678, 5, 28, 4) == 0x52345678)
+assert(bit32.replace(0x12345678, 0x87654321, 0, 32) == 0x87654321)
+assert(bit32.replace(0, 1, 2) == 2^2)
+assert(bit32.replace(0, -1, 4) == 2^4)
+assert(bit32.replace(-1, 0, 31) == (1 << 31) - 1)
+assert(bit32.replace(-1, 0, 1, 2) == (1 << 32) - 7)
+
+
+-- testing conversion of floats
+
+assert(bit32.bor(3.0) == 3)
+assert(bit32.bor(-4.0) == 0xfffffffc)
+
+-- large floats and large-enough integers?
+if 2.0^50 < 2.0^50 + 1.0 and 2.0^50 < (-1 >> 1) then
+  assert(bit32.bor(2.0^32 - 5.0) == 0xfffffffb)
+  assert(bit32.bor(-2.0^32 - 6.0) == 0xfffffffa)
+  assert(bit32.bor(2.0^48 - 5.0) == 0xfffffffb)
+  assert(bit32.bor(-2.0^48 - 6.0) == 0xfffffffa)
+end
+
+print'OK'
+

testes/bwcoercion.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+local tonumber, tointeger = tonumber, math.tointeger
+local type, getmetatable, rawget, error = type, getmetatable, rawget, error
+local strsub = string.sub
+
+local print = print
+
+global none
+
+-- Try to convert a value to an integer, without assuming any coercion.
+local function toint (x)
+  x = tonumber(x)   -- handle numerical strings
+  if not x then
+    return false    -- not coercible to a number
+  end
+  return tointeger(x)
+end
+
+
+-- If operation fails, maybe second operand has a metamethod that should
+-- have been called if not for this string metamethod, so try to
+-- call it.
+local function trymt (x, y, mtname)
+  if type(y) ~= "string" then    -- avoid recalling original metamethod
+    local mt = getmetatable(y)
+    local mm = mt and rawget(mt, mtname)
+    if mm then
+      return mm(x, y)
+    end
+  end
+  -- if any test fails, there is no other metamethod to be called
+  error("attempt to '" .. strsub(mtname, 3) ..
+        "' a " .. type(x) .. " with a " .. type(y), 4)
+end
+
+
+local function checkargs (x, y, mtname)
+  local xi = toint(x)
+  local yi = toint(y)
+  if xi and yi then
+    return xi, yi
+  else
+    return trymt(x, y, mtname), nil
+  end
+end
+
+
+local smt = getmetatable("")
+
+smt.__band = function (x, y)
+  local x, y = checkargs(x, y, "__band")
+  return y and x & y or x
+end
+
+smt.__bor = function (x, y)
+  local x, y = checkargs(x, y, "__bor")
+  return y and x | y or x
+end
+
+smt.__bxor = function (x, y)
+  local x, y = checkargs(x, y, "__bxor")
+  return y and x ~ y or x
+end
+
+smt.__shl = function (x, y)
+  local x, y = checkargs(x, y, "__shl")
+  return y and x << y or x
+end
+
+smt.__shr = function (x, y)
+  local x, y = checkargs(x, y, "__shr")
+  return y and x >> y or x
+end
+
+smt.__bnot = function (x)
+  local x, y = checkargs(x, x, "__bnot")
+  return y and ~x or x
+end
+

testes/calls.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
+-- $Id: testes/calls.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+global <const> *
+
+print("testing functions and calls")
+
+local debug = require "debug"
+
+-- get the opportunity to test 'type' too ;)
+
+assert(type(1<2) == 'boolean')
+assert(type(true) == 'boolean' and type(false) == 'boolean')
+assert(type(nil) == 'nil'
+   and type(-3) == 'number'
+   and type'x' == 'string'
+   and type{} == 'table'
+   and type(type) == 'function')
+
+assert(type(assert) == type(print))
+local function f (x) return a:x (x) end
+assert(type(f) == 'function')
+assert(not pcall(type))
+
+
+-- testing local-function recursion
+global fact = false
+do
+  local res = 1
+  local function fact (n)
+    if n==0 then return res
+    else return n*fact(n-1)
+    end
+  end
+  assert(fact(5) == 120)
+end
+assert(fact == false)
+fact = nil
+
+-- testing declarations
+local a = {i = 10}
+local self = 20
+function a:x (x) return x+self.i end
+function a.y (x) return x+self end
+
+assert(a:x(1)+10 == a.y(1))
+
+a.t = {i=-100}
+a["t"].x = function (self, a,b) return self.i+a+b end
+
+assert(a.t:x(2,3) == -95)
+
+do
+  local a = {x=0}
+  function a:add (x) self.x, a.y = self.x+x, 20; return self end
+  assert(a:add(10):add(20):add(30).x == 60 and a.y == 20)
+end
+
+local a = {b={c={}}}
+
+function a.b.c.f1 (x) return x+1 end
+function a.b.c:f2 (x,y) self[x] = y end
+assert(a.b.c.f1(4) == 5)
+a.b.c:f2('k', 12); assert(a.b.c.k == 12)
+
+print('+')
+
+global t = nil   -- 'declare' t
+function f(a,b,c) local d = 'a'; t={a,b,c,d} end
+
+f(      -- this line change must be valid
+  1,2)
+assert(t[1] == 1 and t[2] == 2 and t[3] == nil and t[4] == 'a')
+f(1,2,   -- this one too
+      3,4)
+assert(t[1] == 1 and t[2] == 2 and t[3] == 3 and t[4] == 'a')
+
+t = nil   -- delete 't'
+
+global function fat(x)
+  if x <= 1 then return 1
+  else return x*load("return fat(" .. x-1 .. ")", "")()
+  end
+end
+
+assert(load "load 'assert(fat(6)==720)' () ")()
+a = load('return fat(5), 3')
+local a,b = a()
+assert(a == 120 and b == 3)
+fat = nil
+print('+')
+
+local function err_on_n (n)
+  if n==0 then error(); exit(1);
+  else err_on_n (n-1); exit(1);
+  end
+end
+
+do
+  local function dummy (n)
+    if n > 0 then
+      assert(not pcall(err_on_n, n))
+      dummy(n-1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  dummy(10)
+end
+
+_G.deep = nil   -- "declaration"  (used by 'all.lua')
+
+global function deep (n)
+  if n>0 then deep(n-1) end
+end
+deep(10)
+deep(180)
+
+
+print"testing tail calls"
+
+function deep (n) if n>0 then return deep(n-1) else return 101 end end
+assert(deep(30000) == 101)
+a = {}
+function a:deep (n) if n>0 then return self:deep(n-1) else return 101 end end
+assert(a:deep(30000) == 101)
+
+do   -- tail calls x varargs
+  local function foo (x, ...) local a = {...}; return x, a[1], a[2] end
+
+  local function foo1 (x) return foo(10, x, x + 1) end
+
+  local a, b, c = foo1(-2)
+  assert(a == 10 and b == -2 and c == -1)
+
+  -- tail calls x metamethods
+  local t = setmetatable({}, {__call = foo})
+  local function foo2 (x) return t(10, x) end
+  a, b, c = foo2(100)
+  assert(a == t and b == 10 and c == 100)
+
+  a, b = (function () return foo() end)()
+  assert(a == nil and b == nil)
+
+  local X, Y, A
+  local function foo (x, y, ...) X = x; Y = y; A = {...} end
+  local function foo1 (...) return foo(...) end
+
+  local a, b, c = foo1()
+  assert(X == nil and Y == nil and #A == 0)
+
+  a, b, c = foo1(10)
+  assert(X == 10 and Y == nil and #A == 0)
+
+  a, b, c = foo1(10, 20)
+  assert(X == 10 and Y == 20 and #A == 0)
+
+  a, b, c = foo1(10, 20, 30)
+  assert(X == 10 and Y == 20 and #A == 1 and A[1] == 30)
+end
+
+
+do   -- C-stack overflow while handling C-stack overflow
+  local function loop ()
+    assert(pcall(loop))
+  end
+
+  local err, msg = xpcall(loop, loop)
+  assert(not err and string.find(msg, "error"))
+end
+
+
+
+do   -- tail calls x chain of __call
+  local n = 10000   -- depth
+
+  local function foo ()
+    if n == 0 then return 1023
+    else n = n - 1; return foo()
+    end
+  end
+
+  -- build a chain of __call metamethods ending in function 'foo'
+  for i = 1, 15 do
+    foo = setmetatable({}, {__call = foo})
+  end
+
+  -- call the first one as a tail call in a new coroutine
+  -- (to ensure stack is not preallocated)
+  assert(coroutine.wrap(function() return foo() end)() == 1023)
+end
+
+print('+')
+
+
+do   print"testing chains of '__call'"
+  local N = 15
+  local u = table.pack
+  for i = 1, N do
+    u = setmetatable({i}, {__call = u})
+  end
+
+  local Res = u("a", "b", "c")
+
+  assert(Res.n == N + 3)
+  for i = 1, N do
+    assert(Res[i][1] == i)
+  end
+  assert(Res[N + 1] == "a" and Res[N + 2] == "b" and Res[N + 3] == "c")
+
+  local function u (...)
+    local n = debug.getinfo(1, 't').extraargs
+    assert(select("#", ...) == n)
+    return n
+  end
+
+  for i = 0, N do
+    assert(u() == i)
+    u = setmetatable({}, {__call = u})
+  end
+end
+
+
+do    -- testing chains too long
+  local a = {}
+  for i = 1, 16 do    -- one too many
+    a = setmetatable({}, {__call = a})
+  end
+  local status, msg = pcall(a)
+  assert(not status and string.find(msg, "too long"))
+
+  setmetatable(a, {__call = a})   -- infinite chain
+  local status, msg = pcall(a)
+  assert(not status and string.find(msg, "too long"))
+
+  -- again, with a tail call
+  local status, msg = pcall(function () return a() end)
+  assert(not status and string.find(msg, "too long"))
+end
+
+a = nil
+(function (x) a=x end)(23)
+assert(a == 23 and (function (x) return x*2 end)(20) == 40)
+
+
+-- testing closures
+
+-- fixed-point operator
+local Z = function (le)
+      local function a (f)
+        return le(function (x) return f(f)(x) end)
+      end
+      return a(a)
+    end
+
+
+-- non-recursive factorial
+
+local F = function (f)
+      return function (n)
+               if n == 0 then return 1
+               else return n*f(n-1) end
+             end
+    end
+
+local fat = Z(F)
+
+assert(fat(0) == 1 and fat(4) == 24 and Z(F)(5)==5*Z(F)(4))
+
+local function g (z)
+  local function f (a,b,c,d)
+    return function (x,y) return a+b+c+d+a+x+y+z end
+  end
+  return f(z,z+1,z+2,z+3)
+end
+
+local f = g(10)
+assert(f(9, 16) == 10+11+12+13+10+9+16+10)
+
+print('+')
+
+-- testing multiple returns
+
+local function unlpack (t, i)
+  i = i or 1
+  if (i <= #t) then
+    return t[i], unlpack(t, i+1)
+  end
+end
+
+local function equaltab (t1, t2)
+  assert(#t1 == #t2)
+  for i = 1, #t1 do
+    assert(t1[i] == t2[i])
+  end
+end
+
+local pack = function (...) return (table.pack(...)) end
+
+local function f() return 1,2,30,4 end
+local function ret2 (a,b) return a,b end
+
+local a,b,c,d = unlpack{1,2,3}
+assert(a==1 and b==2 and c==3 and d==nil)
+a = {1,2,3,4,false,10,'alo',false,assert}
+equaltab(pack(unlpack(a)), a)
+equaltab(pack(unlpack(a), -1), {1,-1})
+a,b,c,d = ret2(f()), ret2(f())
+assert(a==1 and b==1 and c==2 and d==nil)
+a,b,c,d = unlpack(pack(ret2(f()), ret2(f())))
+assert(a==1 and b==1 and c==2 and d==nil)
+a,b,c,d = unlpack(pack(ret2(f()), (ret2(f()))))
+assert(a==1 and b==1 and c==nil and d==nil)
+
+a = ret2{ unlpack{1,2,3}, unlpack{3,2,1}, unlpack{"a", "b"}}
+assert(a[1] == 1 and a[2] == 3 and a[3] == "a" and a[4] == "b")
+
+
+-- testing calls with 'incorrect' arguments
+rawget({}, "x", 1)
+rawset({}, "x", 1, 2)
+assert(math.sin(1,2) == math.sin(1))
+table.sort({10,9,8,4,19,23,0,0}, function (a,b) return a<b end, "extra arg")
+
+
+-- test for generic load
+local x = "-- a comment\0\0\0\n  x = 10 + \n23; \
+     local a = function () x = 'hi' end; \
+     return '\0'"
+local function read1 (x)
+  local i = 0
+  return function ()
+    collectgarbage()
+    i=i+1
+    return string.sub(x, i, i)
+  end
+end
+
+local function cannotload (msg, a,b)
+  assert(not a and string.find(b, msg))
+end
+
+a = assert(load(read1(x), "modname", "t", _G))
+assert(a() == "\0" and _G.x == 33)
+assert(debug.getinfo(a).source == "modname")
+-- cannot read text in binary mode
+cannotload("attempt to load a text chunk", load(read1(x), "modname", "b", {}))
+cannotload("attempt to load a text chunk", load(x, "modname", "b"))
+
+a = assert(load(function () return nil end))
+a()  -- empty chunk
+
+assert(not load(function () return true end))
+
+
+-- small bug
+local t = {nil, "return ", "3"}
+local f, msg = load(function () return table.remove(t, 1) end)
+assert(f() == nil)   -- should read the empty chunk
+
+-- another small bug (in 5.2.1)
+f = load(string.dump(function () return 1 end), nil, "b", {})
+assert(type(f) == "function" and f() == 1)
+
+
+do   -- another bug (in 5.4.0)
+  -- loading a binary long string interrupted by GC cycles
+  local f = string.dump(function ()
+    return '01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789'
+  end)
+  f = load(read1(f))
+  assert(f() == '01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789')
+end
+
+
+x = string.dump(load("x = 1; return x"))
+a = assert(load(read1(x), nil, "b"))
+assert(a() == 1 and _G.x == 1)
+cannotload("attempt to load a binary chunk", load(read1(x), nil, "t"))
+cannotload("attempt to load a binary chunk", load(x, nil, "t"))
+_G.x = nil
+
+assert(not pcall(string.dump, print))  -- no dump of C functions
+
+cannotload("unexpected symbol", load(read1("*a = 123")))
+cannotload("unexpected symbol", load("*a = 123"))
+cannotload("hhi", load(function () error("hhi") end))
+
+-- any value is valid for _ENV
+assert(load("return _ENV", nil, nil, 123)() == 123)
+
+
+-- load when _ENV is not first upvalue
+global XX; local x
+XX = 123
+local function h ()
+  local y=x   -- use 'x', so that it becomes 1st upvalue
+  return XX   -- global name
+end
+local d = string.dump(h)
+x = load(d, "", "b")
+assert(debug.getupvalue(x, 2) == '_ENV')
+debug.setupvalue(x, 2, _G)
+assert(x() == 123)
+
+assert(assert(load("return XX + ...", nil, nil, {XX = 13}))(4) == 17)
+XX = nil
+
+-- test generic load with nested functions
+x = [[
+  return function (x)
+    return function (y)
+     return function (z)
+       return x+y+z
+     end
+   end
+  end
+]]
+a = assert(load(read1(x), "read", "t"))
+assert(a()(2)(3)(10) == 15)
+
+-- repeat the test loading a binary chunk
+x = string.dump(a)
+a = assert(load(read1(x), "read", "b"))
+assert(a()(2)(3)(10) == 15)
+
+
+-- test for dump/undump with upvalues
+local a, b = 20, 30
+x = load(string.dump(function (x)
+  if x == "set" then a = 10+b; b = b+1 else
+  return a
+  end
+end), "", "b", nil)
+assert(x() == nil)
+assert(debug.setupvalue(x, 1, "hi") == "a")
+assert(x() == "hi")
+assert(debug.setupvalue(x, 2, 13) == "b")
+assert(not debug.setupvalue(x, 3, 10))   -- only 2 upvalues
+x("set")
+assert(x() == 23)
+x("set")
+assert(x() == 24)
+
+-- test for dump/undump with many upvalues
+do
+  local nup = 200    -- maximum number of local variables
+  local prog = {"local a1"}
+  for i = 2, nup do prog[#prog + 1] = ", a" .. i end
+  prog[#prog + 1] = " = 1"
+  for i = 2, nup do prog[#prog + 1] = ", " .. i end
+  local sum = 1
+  prog[#prog + 1] = "; return function () return a1"
+  for i = 2, nup do prog[#prog + 1] = " + a" .. i; sum = sum + i end
+  prog[#prog + 1] = " end"
+  prog = table.concat(prog)
+  local f = assert(load(prog))()
+  assert(f() == sum)
+
+  f = load(string.dump(f))   -- main chunk now has many upvalues
+  local a = 10
+  local h = function () return a end
+  for i = 1, nup do
+    debug.upvaluejoin(f, i, h, 1)
+  end
+  assert(f() == 10 * nup)
+end
+
+-- test for long method names
+do
+  local t = {x = 1}
+  function t:_012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 ()
+    return self.x
+  end
+  assert(t:_012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789() == 1)
+end
+
+
+-- test for bug in parameter adjustment
+assert((function () return nil end)(4) == nil)
+assert((function () local a; return a end)(4) == nil)
+assert((function (a) return a end)() == nil)
+
+
+print("testing binary chunks")
+do
+  local headformat = "c4BBc6BiBI4BjBn"
+  local header = {  -- header components
+    "\27Lua",               -- signature
+    0x55,                   -- version 5.5 (0x55)
+    0,                      -- format
+    "\x19\x93\r\n\x1a\n",   -- a binary string
+    string.packsize("i"),   -- size of an int
+    -0x5678,                -- an int
+    4,                      -- size of an instruction
+    0x12345678,             -- an instruction (4 bytes)
+    string.packsize("j"),   -- size of a Lua integer
+    -0x5678,                -- a Lua integer
+    string.packsize("n"),   -- size of a Lua float
+    -370.5,                 -- a Lua float
+  }
+
+  local c = string.dump(function ()
+    local a = 1; local b = 3;
+    local f = function () return a + b + _ENV.c; end    -- upvalues
+    local s1 = "a constant"
+    local s2 = "another constant"
+    return a + b * 3
+  end)
+
+  assert(assert(load(c))() == 10)
+
+  -- check header
+  local t = {string.unpack(headformat, c)}
+  for i = 1, #header do
+    assert(t[i] == header[i])
+  end
+
+  -- Testing corrupted header.
+  -- A single wrong byte in the head invalidates the chunk,
+  -- except for the Lua float check. (If numbers are long double,
+  -- the representation may need padding, and changing that padding
+  -- will not invalidate the chunk.)
+  local headlen = string.packsize(headformat)
+  headlen = headlen - string.packsize("n")     -- remove float check
+  for i = 1, headlen do
+    local s = string.sub(c, 1, i - 1) ..
+              string.char((string.byte(string.sub(c, i, i)) + 1) & 0xFF) ..
+              string.sub(c, i + 1, -1)
+    assert(#s == #c and s ~= c)
+    assert(not load(s))
+  end
+
+  -- loading truncated binary chunks
+  for i = 1, #c - 1 do
+    local st, msg = load(string.sub(c, 1, i))
+    assert(not st and string.find(msg, "truncated"))
+  end
+end
+
+
+do   -- check reuse of strings in dumps
+  local str = "|" .. string.rep("X", 50) .. "|"
+  local foo = load(string.format([[
+    local str <const> = "%s"
+    return {
+      function () return str end,
+      function () return str end,
+      function () return str end
+    }
+  ]], str))
+  -- count occurrences of 'str' inside the dump
+  local dump = string.dump(foo)
+  local _, count = string.gsub(dump, str, {})
+  -- there should be only two occurrences:
+  -- one inside the source, other the string itself.
+  assert(count == 2)
+
+  if T then  -- check reuse of strings in undump
+    local funcs = load(dump)()
+    assert(string.format("%p", T.listk(funcs[1])[1]) ==
+           string.format("%p", T.listk(funcs[3])[1]))
+  end
+end
+
+
+do   -- test limit of multiple returns (254 values)
+  local code = "return 10" .. string.rep(",10", 253)
+  local res = {assert(load(code))()}
+  assert(#res == 254 and res[254] == 10)
+
+  code = code .. ",10"
+  local status, msg = load(code)
+  assert(not status and string.find(msg, "too many returns"))
+end
+
+print('OK')
+return deep

testes/closure.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+-- $Id: testes/closure.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+global <const> *
+
+print "testing closures"
+
+do  -- bug in 5.4.7
+  _ENV[true] = 10
+  local function aux () return _ENV[1 < 2] end
+  assert(aux() == 10)
+  _ENV[true] = nil
+end
+
+
+local A,B = 0,{g=10}
+local function f(x)
+  local a = {}
+  for i=1,1000 do
+    local y = 0
+    do
+      a[i] = function () B.g = B.g+1; y = y+x; return y+A end
+    end
+  end
+  local dummy = function () return a[A] end
+  collectgarbage()
+  A = 1; assert(dummy() == a[1]); A = 0;
+  assert(a[1]() == x)
+  assert(a[3]() == x)
+  collectgarbage()
+  assert(B.g == 12)
+  return a
+end
+
+local a = f(10)
+-- force a GC in this level
+local x = {[1] = {}}   -- to detect a GC
+setmetatable(x, {__mode = 'kv'})
+while x[1] do   -- repeat until GC
+  local a = A..A..A..A  -- create garbage
+  A = A+1
+end
+assert(a[1]() == 20+A)
+assert(a[1]() == 30+A)
+assert(a[2]() == 10+A)
+collectgarbage()
+assert(a[2]() == 20+A)
+assert(a[2]() == 30+A)
+assert(a[3]() == 20+A)
+assert(a[8]() == 10+A)
+assert(getmetatable(x).__mode == 'kv')
+assert(B.g == 19)
+
+
+-- testing equality
+a = {}
+
+for i = 1, 5 do  a[i] = function (x) return i + a + _ENV end  end
+assert(a[3] ~= a[4] and a[4] ~= a[5])
+
+do
+  local a = function (x)  return math.sin(_ENV[x])  end
+  local function f()
+    return a
+  end
+  assert(f() == f())
+end
+
+
+-- testing closures with 'for' control variable
+a = {}
+for i=1,10 do
+  a[i] = function () return i end
+  if i == 3 then break end
+end
+assert(a[4] == undef)
+assert(a[2]() == 2)
+assert(a[3]() == 3)
+
+a = {}
+local t = {"a", "b"}
+for i = 1, #t do
+  local k = t[i]
+  a[i] = {set = function(x) k=x end,
+          get = function () return i, k end}
+  if i == 2 then break end
+end
+a[1].set(10)
+local r,s = a[2].get()
+assert(r == 2 and s == 'b')
+r,s = a[1].get()
+assert(r == 1 and s == 10)
+a[2].set('a')
+r,s = a[2].get()
+assert(r == 2 and s == "a")
+
+
+-- testing closures with 'for' control variable x break
+local f
+for i=1,3 do
+  f = function () return i end
+  break
+end
+assert(f() == 1)
+
+for k = 1, #t do
+  local v = t[k]
+  f = function () return k, v end
+  break
+end
+assert(({f()})[1] == 1)
+assert(({f()})[2] == "a")
+
+
+-- testing closure x break x return x errors
+
+local b
+function f(x)
+  local first = 1
+  while 1 do
+    if x == 3 and not first then return end
+    local a = 'xuxu'
+    b = function (op, y)
+          if op == 'set' then
+            a = x+y
+          else
+            return a
+          end
+        end
+    if x == 1 then do break end
+    elseif x == 2 then return
+    else if x ~= 3 then error() end
+    end
+    first = nil
+  end
+end
+
+for i=1,3 do
+  f(i)
+  assert(b('get') == 'xuxu')
+  b('set', 10); assert(b('get') == 10+i)
+  b = nil
+end
+
+pcall(f, 4);
+assert(b('get') == 'xuxu')
+b('set', 10); assert(b('get') == 14)
+
+
+local y, w
+-- testing multi-level closure
+function f(x)
+  return function (y)
+    return function (z) return w+x+y+z end
+  end
+end
+
+y = f(10)
+w = 1.345
+assert(y(20)(30) == 60+w)
+
+
+-- testing closures x break
+do
+  local X, Y
+  local a = math.sin(0)
+
+  while a do
+    local b = 10
+    X = function () return b end   -- closure with upvalue
+    if a then break end
+  end
+  
+  do
+    local b = 20
+    Y = function () return b end   -- closure with upvalue
+  end
+
+  -- upvalues must be different
+  assert(X() == 10 and Y() == 20)
+end
+
+  
+-- testing closures x repeat-until
+
+local a = {}
+local i = 1
+repeat
+  local x = i
+  a[i] = function () i = x+1; return x end
+until i > 10 or a[i]() ~= x
+assert(i == 11 and a[1]() == 1 and a[3]() == 3 and i == 4)
+
+
+-- testing closures created in 'then' and 'else' parts of 'if's
+a = {}
+for i = 1, 10 do
+  if i % 3 == 0 then
+    local y = 0
+    a[i] = function (x) local t = y; y = x; return t end
+  elseif i % 3 == 1 then
+    goto L1
+    error'not here'
+  ::L1::
+    local y = 1
+    a[i] = function (x) local t = y; y = x; return t end
+  elseif i % 3 == 2 then
+    local t
+    goto l4
+    ::l4a:: a[i] = t; goto l4b
+    error("should never be here!")
+    ::l4::
+    local y = 2
+    t = function (x) local t = y; y = x; return t end
+    goto l4a
+    error("should never be here!")
+    ::l4b::
+  end
+end
+
+for i = 1, 10 do
+  assert(a[i](i * 10) == i % 3 and a[i]() == i * 10)
+end
+
+print'+'
+
+
+-- test for correctly closing upvalues in tail calls of vararg functions
+local function t ()
+  local function c(a,b) assert(a=="test" and b=="OK") end
+  local function v(f, ...) c("test", f() ~= 1 and "FAILED" or "OK") end
+  local x = 1
+  return v(function() return x end)
+end
+t()
+
+
+-- test for debug manipulation of upvalues
+local debug = require'debug'
+
+local foo1, foo2, foo3
+do
+  local a , b, c = 3, 5, 7
+  foo1 = function () return a+b end;
+  foo2 = function () return b+a end;
+  do
+    local a = 10
+    foo3 = function () return a+b end;
+  end
+end
+
+assert(debug.upvalueid(foo1, 1))
+assert(debug.upvalueid(foo1, 2))
+assert(not debug.upvalueid(foo1, 3))
+assert(debug.upvalueid(foo1, 1) == debug.upvalueid(foo2, 2))
+assert(debug.upvalueid(foo1, 2) == debug.upvalueid(foo2, 1))
+assert(debug.upvalueid(foo3, 1))
+assert(debug.upvalueid(foo1, 1) ~= debug.upvalueid(foo3, 1))
+assert(debug.upvalueid(foo1, 2) == debug.upvalueid(foo3, 2))
+
+assert(debug.upvalueid(string.gmatch("x", "x"), 1) ~= nil)
+
+assert(foo1() == 3 + 5 and foo2() == 5 + 3)
+debug.upvaluejoin(foo1, 2, foo2, 2)
+assert(foo1() == 3 + 3 and foo2() == 5 + 3)
+assert(foo3() == 10 + 5)
+debug.upvaluejoin(foo3, 2, foo2, 1)
+assert(foo3() == 10 + 5)
+debug.upvaluejoin(foo3, 2, foo2, 2)
+assert(foo3() == 10 + 3)
+
+assert(not pcall(debug.upvaluejoin, foo1, 3, foo2, 1))
+assert(not pcall(debug.upvaluejoin, foo1, 1, foo2, 3))
+assert(not pcall(debug.upvaluejoin, foo1, 0, foo2, 1))
+assert(not pcall(debug.upvaluejoin, print, 1, foo2, 1))
+assert(not pcall(debug.upvaluejoin, {}, 1, foo2, 1))
+assert(not pcall(debug.upvaluejoin, foo1, 1, print, 1))
+
+print'OK'

testes/code.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+-- $Id: testes/code.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+global <const> *
+
+if T==nil then
+  (Message or print)('\n >>> testC not active: skipping opcode tests <<<\n')
+  return
+end
+print "testing code generation and optimizations"
+
+-- to test constant propagation
+local k0aux <const> = 0
+local k0 <const> = k0aux
+local k1 <const> = 1
+local k3 <const> = 3
+local k6 <const> = k3 + (k3 << k0)
+local kFF0 <const> = 0xFF0
+local k3_78 <const> = 3.78
+local x, k3_78_4 <const> = 10, k3_78 / 4
+assert(x == 10)
+
+local kx <const> = "x"
+
+local kTrue <const> = true
+local kFalse <const> = false
+
+local kNil <const> = nil
+
+-- this code gave an error for the code checker
+do
+  local function f (a)
+  for k,v,w in a do end
+  end
+end
+
+
+-- testing reuse in constant table
+local function checkKlist (func, list)
+  local k = T.listk(func)
+  assert(#k == #list)
+  for i = 1, #k do
+    assert(k[i] == list[i] and math.type(k[i]) == math.type(list[i]))
+  end
+end
+
+local function foo ()
+  local a
+  a = k3;
+  a = 0; a = 0.0; a = -7 + 7
+  a = k3_78/4; a = k3_78_4
+  a = -k3_78/4; a = k3_78/4; a = -3.78/4
+  a = -3.79/4; a = 0.0; a = -0;
+  a = k3; a = 3.0; a = 3; a = 3.0
+end
+
+checkKlist(foo, {3.78/4, -3.78/4, -3.79/4})
+
+
+foo = function (f, a)
+        f(100 * 1000)
+        f(100.0 * 1000)
+        f(-100 * 1000)
+        f(-100 * 1000.0)
+        f(100000)
+        f(100000.0)
+        f(-100000)
+        f(-100000.0)
+      end
+
+checkKlist(foo, {100000, 100000.0, -100000, -100000.0})
+
+
+-- floats x integers
+foo = function (t, a)
+  t[a] = 1; t[a] = 1.0
+  t[a] = 1; t[a] = 1.0
+  t[a] = 2; t[a] = 2.0
+  t[a] = 0; t[a] = 0.0
+  t[a] = 1; t[a] = 1.0
+  t[a] = 2; t[a] = 2.0
+  t[a] = 0; t[a] = 0.0
+end
+
+checkKlist(foo, {1, 1.0, 2, 2.0, 0, 0.0})
+
+
+-- testing opcodes
+
+-- check that 'f' opcodes match '...'
+local function check (f, ...)
+  local arg = {...}
+  local c = T.listcode(f)
+  for i=1, #arg do
+    local opcode = string.match(c[i], "%u%w+")
+    -- print(arg[i], opcode)
+    assert(arg[i] == opcode)
+  end
+  assert(c[#arg+2] == undef)
+end
+
+
+-- check that 'f' opcodes match '...' and that 'f(p) == r'.
+local function checkR (f, p, r, ...)
+  local r1 = f(p)
+  assert(r == r1 and math.type(r) == math.type(r1))
+  check(f, ...)
+end
+
+
+-- check that 'a' and 'b' has the same opcodes
+local function checkequal (a, b)
+  a = T.listcode(a)
+  b = T.listcode(b)
+  assert(#a == #b)
+  for i = 1, #a do
+    a[i] = string.gsub(a[i], '%b()', '')   -- remove line number
+    b[i] = string.gsub(b[i], '%b()', '')   -- remove line number
+    assert(a[i] == b[i])
+  end
+end
+
+
+-- some basic instructions
+check(function ()   -- function does not create upvalues
+  (function () end){f()}
+end, 'CLOSURE', 'NEWTABLE', 'EXTRAARG', 'GETTABUP', 'CALL',
+     'SETLIST', 'CALL', 'RETURN0')
+
+check(function (x)   -- function creates upvalues
+  (function () return x end){f()}
+end, 'CLOSURE', 'NEWTABLE', 'EXTRAARG', 'GETTABUP', 'CALL',
+     'SETLIST', 'CALL', 'RETURN')
+
+
+-- sequence of LOADNILs
+check(function ()
+  local kNil <const> = nil
+  local a,b,c
+  local d; local e;
+  local f,g,h;
+  d = nil; d=nil; b=nil; a=kNil; c=nil;
+end, 'LOADNIL', 'RETURN0')
+
+check(function ()
+  local a,b,c,d = 1,1,1,1
+  d=nil;c=nil;b=nil;a=nil
+end, 'LOADI', 'LOADI', 'LOADI', 'LOADI', 'LOADNIL', 'RETURN0')
+
+do
+  local a,b,c,d = 1,1,1,1
+  d=nil;c=nil;b=nil;a=nil
+  assert(a == nil and b == nil and c == nil and d == nil)
+end
+
+
+-- single return
+check (function (a,b,c) return a end, 'RETURN1')
+
+
+-- infinite loops
+check(function () while kTrue do local a = -1 end end,
+'LOADI', 'JMP', 'RETURN0')
+
+check(function () while 1 do local a = -1 end end,
+'LOADI', 'JMP', 'RETURN0')
+
+check(function () repeat local x = 1 until true end,
+'LOADI', 'RETURN0')
+
+
+-- concat optimization
+check(function (a,b,c,d) return a..b..c..d end,
+  'MOVE', 'MOVE', 'MOVE', 'MOVE', 'CONCAT', 'RETURN1')
+
+-- not
+check(function () return not not nil end, 'LOADFALSE', 'RETURN1')
+check(function () return not not kFalse end, 'LOADFALSE', 'RETURN1')
+check(function () return not not true end, 'LOADTRUE', 'RETURN1')
+check(function () return not not k3 end, 'LOADTRUE', 'RETURN1')
+
+-- direct access to locals
+check(function ()
+  local a,b,c,d
+  a = b*a
+  c.x, a[b] = -((a + d/b - a[b]) ^ a.x), b
+end,
+  'LOADNIL',
+  'MUL', 'MMBIN',
+  'DIV', 'MMBIN', 'ADD', 'MMBIN', 'GETTABLE', 'SUB', 'MMBIN',
+  'GETFIELD', 'POW', 'MMBIN', 'UNM', 'SETTABLE', 'SETFIELD', 'RETURN0')
+
+
+-- direct access to constants
+check(function ()
+  local a,b
+  local c = kNil
+  a[kx] = 3.2
+  a.x = b
+  a[b] = 'x'
+end,
+  'LOADNIL', 'SETFIELD', 'SETFIELD', 'SETTABLE', 'RETURN0')
+
+-- "get/set table" with numeric indices
+check(function (a)
+  local k255 <const> = 255
+  a[1] = a[100]
+  a[k255] = a[256]
+  a[256] = 5
+end,
+  'GETI', 'SETI',
+  'LOADI', 'GETTABLE', 'SETI',
+  'LOADI', 'SETTABLE',  'RETURN0')
+
+check(function ()
+  local a,b
+  a = a - a
+  b = a/a
+  b = 5-4
+end,
+  'LOADNIL', 'SUB', 'MMBIN', 'DIV', 'MMBIN', 'LOADI', 'RETURN0')
+
+check(function ()
+  local a,b
+  a[kTrue] = false
+end,
+  'LOADNIL', 'LOADTRUE', 'SETTABLE', 'RETURN0')
+
+
+-- equalities
+checkR(function (a) if a == 1 then return 2 end end, 1, 2,
+  'EQI', 'JMP', 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')
+
+checkR(function (a) if -4.0 == a then return 2 end end, -4, 2,
+  'EQI', 'JMP', 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')
+
+checkR(function (a) if a == "hi" then return 2 end end, 10, nil,
+  'EQK', 'JMP', 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')
+
+checkR(function (a) if a == 10000 then return 2 end end, 1, nil,
+  'EQK', 'JMP', 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')   -- number too large
+
+checkR(function (a) if -10000 == a then return 2 end end, -10000, 2,
+  'EQK', 'JMP', 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')   -- number too large
+
+-- comparisons
+
+checkR(function (a) if -10 <= a then return 2 end end, -10, 2,
+  'GEI', 'JMP', 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')
+
+checkR(function (a) if 128.0 > a then return 2 end end, 129, nil,
+  'LTI', 'JMP', 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')
+
+checkR(function (a) if -127.0 < a then return 2 end end, -127, nil,
+  'GTI', 'JMP', 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')
+
+checkR(function (a) if 10 < a then return 2 end end, 11, 2,
+  'GTI', 'JMP', 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')
+
+checkR(function (a) if 129 < a then return 2 end end, 130, 2,
+  'LOADI', 'LT', 'JMP', 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')
+
+checkR(function (a) if a >= 23.0 then return 2 end end, 25, 2,
+  'GEI', 'JMP', 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')
+
+checkR(function (a) if a >= 23.1 then return 2 end end, 0, nil,
+  'LOADK', 'LE', 'JMP', 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')
+
+checkR(function (a) if a > 2300.0 then return 2 end end, 0, nil,
+  'LOADF', 'LT', 'JMP', 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')
+
+
+-- constant folding
+local function checkK (func, val)
+  check(func, 'LOADK', 'RETURN1')
+  checkKlist(func, {val})
+  assert(func() == val)
+end
+
+local function checkI (func, val)
+  check(func, 'LOADI', 'RETURN1')
+  checkKlist(func, {})
+  assert(func() == val)
+end
+
+local function checkF (func, val)
+  check(func, 'LOADF', 'RETURN1')
+  checkKlist(func, {})
+  assert(func() == val)
+end
+
+checkF(function () return 0.0 end, 0.0)
+checkI(function () return k0 end, 0)
+checkI(function () return -k0//1 end, 0)
+checkK(function () return 3^-1 end, 1/3)
+checkK(function () return (1 + 1)^(50 + 50) end, 2^100)
+checkK(function () return (-2)^(31 - 2) end, -0x20000000 + 0.0)
+checkF(function () return (-k3^0 + 5) // 3.0 end, 1.0)
+checkI(function () return -k3 % 5 end, 2)
+checkF(function () return -((2.0^8 + -(-1)) % 8)/2 * 4 - 3 end, -5.0)
+checkF(function () return -((2^8 + -(-1)) % 8)//2 * 4 - 3 end, -7.0)
+checkI(function () return 0xF0.0 | 0xCC.0 ~ 0xAA & 0xFD end, 0xF4)
+checkI(function () return ~(~kFF0 | kFF0) end, 0)
+checkI(function () return ~~-1024.0 end, -1024)
+checkI(function () return ((100 << k6) << -4) >> 2 end, 100)
+
+-- borders around MAXARG_sBx ((((1 << 17) - 1) >> 1) == 65535)
+local a = 17; local sbx = ((1 << a) - 1) >> 1   -- avoid folding
+local border <const> = 65535
+checkI(function () return border end, sbx)
+checkI(function () return -border end, -sbx)
+checkI(function () return border + 1 end, sbx + 1)
+checkK(function () return border + 2 end, sbx + 2)
+checkK(function () return -(border + 1) end, -(sbx + 1))
+
+local border <const> = 65535.0
+checkF(function () return border end, sbx + 0.0)
+checkF(function () return -border end, -sbx + 0.0)
+checkF(function () return border + 1 end, (sbx + 1.0))
+checkK(function () return border + 2 end, (sbx + 2.0))
+checkK(function () return -(border + 1) end, -(sbx + 1.0))
+
+
+-- immediate operands
+checkR(function (x) return x + k1 end, 10, 11, 'ADDI', 'MMBINI', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x - 127 end, 10, -117, 'ADDI', 'MMBINI', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return 128 + x end, 0.0, 128.0,
+         'ADDI', 'MMBINI', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x * -127 end, -1.0, 127.0,
+         'MULK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return 20 * x end, 2, 40, 'MULK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x ^ -2 end, 2, 0.25, 'POWK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x / 40 end, 40, 1.0, 'DIVK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x // 1 end, 10.0, 10.0,
+         'IDIVK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x % (100 - 10) end, 91, 1,
+         'MODK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return k1 << x end, 3, 8, 'SHLI', 'MMBINI', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x << 127 end, 10, 0, 'SHRI', 'MMBINI', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x << -127 end, 10, 0, 'SHRI', 'MMBINI', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x >> 128 end, 8, 0, 'SHRI', 'MMBINI', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x >> -127 end, 8, 0, 'SHRI', 'MMBINI', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x & 1 end, 9, 1, 'BANDK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return 10 | x end, 1, 11, 'BORK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return -10 ~ x end, -1, 9, 'BXORK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+
+-- K operands in arithmetic operations
+checkR(function (x) return x + 0.0 end, 1, 1.0, 'ADDK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+--  check(function (x) return 128 + x end, 'ADDK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x * -10000 end, 2, -20000,
+         'MULK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+--  check(function (x) return 20 * x end, 'MULK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x ^ 0.5 end, 4, 2.0, 'POWK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x / 2.0 end, 4, 2.0, 'DIVK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x // 10000 end, 10000, 1,
+         'IDIVK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+checkR(function (x) return x % (100.0 - 10) end, 91, 1.0,
+         'MODK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+
+-- no foldings (and immediate operands)
+check(function () return -0.0 end, 'LOADF', 'UNM', 'RETURN1')
+check(function () return k3/0 end, 'LOADI', 'DIVK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+check(function () return 0%0 end, 'LOADI', 'MODK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+check(function () return -4//0 end, 'LOADI', 'IDIVK', 'MMBINK', 'RETURN1')
+check(function (x) return x >> 2.0 end, 'LOADF', 'SHR', 'MMBIN', 'RETURN1')
+check(function (x) return x << 128 end, 'LOADI', 'SHL', 'MMBIN', 'RETURN1')
+check(function (x) return x & 2.0 end, 'LOADF', 'BAND', 'MMBIN', 'RETURN1')
+
+-- basic 'for' loops
+check(function () for i = -10, 10.5 do end end,
+'LOADI', 'LOADK', 'LOADI', 'FORPREP', 'FORLOOP', 'RETURN0')
+check(function () for i = 0xfffffff, 10.0, 1 do end end,
+'LOADK', 'LOADF', 'LOADI', 'FORPREP', 'FORLOOP', 'RETURN0')
+
+-- bug in constant folding for 5.1
+check(function () return -nil end, 'LOADNIL', 'UNM', 'RETURN1')
+
+
+check(function ()
+  local a,b,c
+  b[c], a = c, b
+  b[a], a = c, b
+  a, b = c, a
+  a = a
+end,
+  'LOADNIL',
+  'MOVE', 'MOVE', 'SETTABLE',
+  'MOVE', 'MOVE', 'MOVE', 'SETTABLE',
+  'MOVE', 'MOVE', 'MOVE',
+  -- no code for a = a
+  'RETURN0')
+
+
+-- x == nil , x ~= nil
+-- checkequal(function (b) if (a==nil) then a=1 end; if a~=nil then a=1 end end,
+--            function () if (a==9) then a=1 end; if a~=9 then a=1 end end)
+
+-- check(function () if a==nil then a='a' end end,
+-- 'GETTABUP', 'EQ', 'JMP', 'SETTABUP', 'RETURN')
+
+do   -- tests for table access in upvalues
+  local t
+  check(function () t[kx] = t.y end, 'GETTABUP', 'SETTABUP')
+  check(function (a) t[a()] = t[a()] end,
+  'MOVE', 'CALL', 'GETUPVAL', 'MOVE', 'CALL',
+  'GETUPVAL', 'GETTABLE', 'SETTABLE')
+end
+
+-- de morgan
+checkequal(function () local a, b; if not (a or b) then b=a end end,
+           function () local a, b; if (not a and not b) then b=a end end)
+
+checkequal(function (l) local a; return 0 <= a and a <= l end,
+           function (l) local a; return not (not(a >= 0) or not(a <= l)) end)
+
+
+check(function (a, b)
+        while a do
+          if b then break else a = a + 1 end
+        end
+      end,
+'TEST', 'JMP', 'TEST', 'JMP', 'JMP', 'CLOSE', 'JMP', 'ADDI', 'MMBINI', 'JMP', 'RETURN0')
+
+check(function ()
+        do
+          goto exit   -- don't need to close
+          local x <close> = nil
+          goto exit   -- must close
+        end
+        ::exit::
+      end, 'JMP', 'CLOSE', 'LOADNIL', 'TBC',
+           'CLOSE', 'JMP', 'CLOSE', 'RETURN')
+
+checkequal(function () return 6 or true or nil end,
+           function () return k6 or kTrue or kNil end)
+
+checkequal(function () return 6 and true or nil end,
+           function () return k6 and kTrue or kNil end)
+
+
+do   -- string constants
+  local k0 <const> = "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+  local function f1 ()
+    local k <const> = k0
+    return function ()
+             return function () return k end
+           end
+  end
+
+  local f2 = f1()
+  local f3 = f2()
+  assert(f3() == k0)
+  checkK(f3, k0)
+  -- string is not needed by other functions
+  assert(T.listk(f1)[1] == nil)
+  assert(T.listk(f2)[1] == nil)
+end
+
+
+do   -- check number of available registers
+  -- 1 register for local + 1 for function + 252 arguments
+  local source = "local a; return a(" .. string.rep("a, ", 252) .. "a)"
+  local prog = T.listcode(assert(load(source)))
+  -- maximum valid register is 254
+  for i = 1, 254 do
+    assert(string.find(prog[2 + i], "MOVE%s*" .. i))
+  end
+  -- one more argument would need register #255 (but that is reserved)
+  source = "local a; return a(" .. string.rep("a, ", 253) .. "a)"
+  local _, msg = load(source)
+  assert(string.find(msg, "too many registers"))
+end
+
+
+do   -- basic check for SETLIST
+  -- create a list constructor with 50 elements
+  local source = "local a; return {" .. string.rep("a, ", 50) .. "}"
+  local func = assert(load(source))
+  local code = table.concat(T.listcode(func), "\n")
+  local _, count = string.gsub(code, "SETLIST", "")
+  -- code uses only 1 SETLIST for the constructor
+  assert(count == 1)
+end
+
+
+do   print("testing code for integer limits")
+  local function checkints (n)
+    local source = string.format(
+      "local a = {[true] = 0X%x}; return a[true]", n)
+    local f = assert(load(source))
+    checkKlist(f, {n})
+    assert(f() == n)
+    f = load(string.dump(f))
+    assert(f() == n)
+  end
+
+  checkints(math.maxinteger)
+  checkints(math.mininteger)
+  checkints(-1)
+
+end
+
+print 'OK'
+

testes/constructs.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+-- $Id: testes/constructs.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+;;print "testing syntax";;
+
+local debug = require "debug"
+
+
+local function checkload (s, msg)
+  assert(string.find(select(2, load(s)), msg))
+end
+
+-- testing semicollons
+local a
+do ;;; end
+; do ; a = 3; assert(a == 3) end;
+;
+
+
+-- invalid operations should not raise errors when not executed
+if false then a = 3 // 0; a = 0 % 0 end
+
+
+-- testing priorities
+
+assert(2^3^2 == 2^(3^2));
+assert(2^3*4 == (2^3)*4);
+assert(2.0^-2 == 1/4 and -2^- -2 == - - -4);
+assert(not nil and 2 and not(2>3 or 3<2));
+assert(-3-1-5 == 0+0-9);
+assert(-2^2 == -4 and (-2)^2 == 4 and 2*2-3-1 == 0);
+assert(-3%5 == 2 and -3+5 == 2)
+assert(2*1+3/3 == 3 and 1+2 .. 3*1 == "33");
+assert(not(2+1 > 3*1) and "a".."b" > "a");
+
+assert(0xF0 | 0xCC ~ 0xAA & 0xFD == 0xF4)
+assert(0xFD & 0xAA ~ 0xCC | 0xF0 == 0xF4)
+assert(0xF0 & 0x0F + 1 == 0x10)
+
+assert(3^4//2^3//5 == 2)
+
+assert(-3+4*5//2^3^2//9+4%10/3 == (-3)+(((4*5)//(2^(3^2)))//9)+((4%10)/3))
+
+assert(not ((true or false) and nil))
+assert(      true or false  and nil)
+
+-- old bug
+assert((((1 or false) and true) or false) == true)
+assert((((nil and true) or false) and true) == false)
+
+local a,b = 1,nil;
+assert(-(1 or 2) == -1 and (1 and 2)+(-1.25 or -4) == 0.75);
+local x = ((b or a)+1 == 2 and (10 or a)+1 == 11); assert(x);
+x = (((2<3) or 1) == true and (2<3 and 4) == 4); assert(x);
+
+local x, y = 1, 2;
+assert((x>y) and x or y == 2);
+x,y=2,1;
+assert((x>y) and x or y == 2);
+
+assert(1234567890 == tonumber('1234567890') and 1234567890+1 == 1234567891)
+
+do   -- testing operators with different kinds of constants
+  -- operands to consider:
+  --  * fit in register
+  --  * constant doesn't fit in register
+  --  * floats with integral values
+  local operand = {3, 100, 5.0, -10, -5.0, 10000, -10000}
+  local operator = {"+", "-", "*", "/", "//", "%", "^",
+                    "&", "|", "^", "<<", ">>",
+                    "==", "~=", "<", ">", "<=", ">=",}
+  for _, op in ipairs(operator) do
+    local f = assert(load(string.format([[return function (x,y)
+                return x %s y
+              end]], op)))();
+    for _, o1 in ipairs(operand) do
+      for _, o2 in ipairs(operand) do
+        local gab = f(o1, o2)
+
+        _ENV.XX = o1
+        local code = string.format("return XX %s %s", op, o2)
+        local res = assert(load(code))()
+        assert(res == gab)
+
+        _ENV.XX = o2
+        code = string.format("return (%s) %s XX", o1, op)
+        res = assert(load(code))()
+        assert(res == gab)
+
+        code = string.format("return (%s) %s %s", o1, op, o2)
+        res = assert(load(code))()
+        assert(res == gab)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  _ENV.XX = nil
+end
+
+
+-- silly loops
+repeat until 1; repeat until true;
+while false do end; while nil do end;
+
+do  -- test old bug (first name could not be an `upvalue')
+ local a; local function f(x) x={a=1}; x={x=1}; x={G=1} end
+end
+
+
+do   -- bug since 5.4.0
+  -- create code with a table using more than 256 constants
+  local code = {"local x = {"}
+  for i = 1, 257 do
+    code[#code + 1] = i .. ".1,"
+  end
+  code[#code + 1] = "};"
+  code = table.concat(code)
+
+  -- add "ret" to the end of that code and checks that
+  -- it produces the expected value "val"
+  local function check (ret, val)
+    local code = code .. ret
+    code = load(code)
+    assert(code() == val)
+  end
+
+  check("return (1 ~ (2 or 3))", 1 ~ 2)
+  check("return (1 | (2 or 3))", 1 | 2)
+  check("return (1 + (2 or 3))", 1 + 2)
+  check("return (1 << (2 or 3))", 1 << 2)
+end
+
+
+local function f (i)
+  if type(i) ~= 'number' then return i,'jojo'; end;
+  if i > 0 then return i, f(i-1); end;
+end
+
+x = {f(3), f(5), f(10);};
+assert(x[1] == 3 and x[2] == 5 and x[3] == 10 and x[4] == 9 and x[12] == 1);
+assert(x[nil] == nil)
+x = {f'alo', f'xixi', nil};
+assert(x[1] == 'alo' and x[2] == 'xixi' and x[3] == nil);
+x = {f'alo'..'xixi'};
+assert(x[1] == 'aloxixi')
+x = {f{}}
+assert(x[2] == 'jojo' and type(x[1]) == 'table')
+
+
+local f = function (i)
+  if i < 10 then return 'a';
+  elseif i < 20 then return 'b';
+  elseif i < 30 then return 'c';
+  end;
+end
+
+assert(f(3) == 'a' and f(12) == 'b' and f(26) == 'c' and f(100) == nil)
+
+for i=1,1000 do break; end;
+local n=100;
+local i=3;
+local t = {};
+local a=nil
+while not a do
+  a=0; for i=1,n do for i=i,1,-1 do a=a+1; t[i]=1; end; end;
+end
+assert(a == n*(n+1)/2 and i==3);
+assert(t[1] and t[n] and not t[0] and not t[n+1])
+
+function f(b)
+  local x = 1;
+  repeat
+    local a;
+    if b==1 then local b=1; x=10; break
+    elseif b==2 then x=20; break;
+    elseif b==3 then x=30;
+    else local a,b,c,d=math.sin(1); x=x+1;
+    end
+  until x>=12;
+  return x;
+end;
+
+assert(f(1) == 10 and f(2) == 20 and f(3) == 30 and f(4)==12)
+
+
+local f = function (i)
+  if i < 10 then return 'a'
+  elseif i < 20 then return 'b'
+  elseif i < 30 then return 'c'
+  else return 8
+  end
+end
+
+assert(f(3) == 'a' and f(12) == 'b' and f(26) == 'c' and f(100) == 8)
+
+local a, b = nil, 23
+x = {f(100)*2+3 or a, a or b+2}
+assert(x[1] == 19 and x[2] == 25)
+x = {f=2+3 or a, a = b+2}
+assert(x.f == 5 and x.a == 25)
+
+a={y=1}
+x = {a.y}
+assert(x[1] == 1)
+
+local function f (i)
+  while 1 do
+    if i>0 then i=i-1;
+    else return; end;
+  end;
+end;
+
+local function g(i)
+  while 1 do
+    if i>0 then i=i-1
+    else return end
+  end
+end
+
+f(10); g(10);
+
+do
+  function f () return 1,2,3; end
+  local a, b, c = f();
+  assert(a==1 and b==2 and c==3)
+  a, b, c = (f());
+  assert(a==1 and b==nil and c==nil)
+end
+
+local a,b = 3 and f();
+assert(a==1 and b==nil)
+
+function g() f(); return; end;
+assert(g() == nil)
+function g() return nil or f() end
+a,b = g()
+assert(a==1 and b==nil)
+
+print'+';
+
+do   -- testing constants
+  local prog <const> = [[local x <XXX> = 10]]
+  checkload(prog, "unknown attribute 'XXX'")
+
+  checkload([[local xxx <const> = 20; xxx = 10]],
+             ":1: attempt to assign to const variable 'xxx'")
+
+  checkload([[
+    local xx;
+    local xxx <const> = 20;
+    local yyy;
+    local function foo ()
+      local abc = xx + yyy + xxx;
+      return function () return function () xxx = yyy end end
+    end
+  ]], ":6: attempt to assign to const variable 'xxx'")
+
+  checkload([[
+    local x <close> = nil
+    x = io.open()
+  ]], ":2: attempt to assign to const variable 'x'")
+end
+
+f = [[
+return function ( a , b , c , d , e )
+  local x = a >= b or c or ( d and e ) or nil
+  return x
+end , { a = 1 , b = 2 >= 1 , } or { 1 };
+]]
+f = string.gsub(f, "%s+", "\n");   -- force a SETLINE between opcodes
+f,a = load(f)();
+assert(a.a == 1 and a.b)
+
+function g (a,b,c,d,e)
+  if not (a>=b or c or d and e or nil) then return 0; else return 1; end;
+end
+
+local function h (a,b,c,d,e)
+  while (a>=b or c or (d and e) or nil) do return 1; end;
+  return 0;
+end;
+
+assert(f(2,1) == true and g(2,1) == 1 and h(2,1) == 1)
+assert(f(1,2,'a') == 'a' and g(1,2,'a') == 1 and h(1,2,'a') == 1)
+assert(f(1,2,'a')
+~=          -- force SETLINE before nil
+nil, "")
+assert(f(1,2,'a') == 'a' and g(1,2,'a') == 1 and h(1,2,'a') == 1)
+assert(f(1,2,nil,1,'x') == 'x' and g(1,2,nil,1,'x') == 1 and
+                                   h(1,2,nil,1,'x') == 1)
+assert(f(1,2,nil,nil,'x') == nil and g(1,2,nil,nil,'x') == 0 and
+                                     h(1,2,nil,nil,'x') == 0)
+assert(f(1,2,nil,1,nil) == nil and g(1,2,nil,1,nil) == 0 and
+                                   h(1,2,nil,1,nil) == 0)
+
+assert(1 and 2<3 == true and 2<3 and 'a'<'b' == true)
+x = 2<3 and not 3; assert(x==false)
+x = 2<1 or (2>1 and 'a'); assert(x=='a')
+
+
+do
+  local a; if nil then a=1; else a=2; end;    -- this nil comes as PUSHNIL 2
+  assert(a==2)
+end
+
+local function F (a)
+  assert(debug.getinfo(1, "n").name == 'F')
+  return a,2,3
+end
+
+a,b = F(1)~=nil; assert(a == true and b == nil);
+a,b = F(nil)==nil; assert(a == true and b == nil)
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- sometimes will be 0, sometimes will not...
+_ENV.GLOB1 = math.random(0, 1)
+
+-- basic expressions with their respective values
+local basiccases = {
+  {"nil", nil},
+  {"false", false},
+  {"true", true},
+  {"10", 10},
+  {"(0==_ENV.GLOB1)", 0 == _ENV.GLOB1},
+}
+
+local prog
+
+if _ENV.GLOB1 == 0 then
+  basiccases[2][1] = "F"   -- constant false
+
+  prog = [[
+    local F <const> = false
+    if %s then IX = true end
+    return %s
+]]
+else
+  basiccases[4][1] = "k10"   -- constant 10
+
+  prog = [[
+    local k10 <const> = 10
+    if %s then IX = true end
+    return %s
+  ]]
+end
+
+print('testing short-circuit optimizations (' .. _ENV.GLOB1 .. ')')
+
+
+-- operators with their respective values
+local binops <const> = {
+  {" and ", function (a,b) if not a then return a else return b end end},
+  {" or ", function (a,b) if a then return a else return b end end},
+}
+
+local cases <const> = {}
+
+-- creates all combinations of '(cases[i] op cases[n-i])' plus
+-- 'not(cases[i] op cases[n-i])' (syntax + value)
+local function createcases (n)
+  local res = {}
+  for i = 1, n - 1 do
+    for _, v1 in ipairs(cases[i]) do
+      for _, v2 in ipairs(cases[n - i]) do
+        for _, op in ipairs(binops) do
+            local t = {
+              "(" .. v1[1] .. op[1] .. v2[1] .. ")",
+              op[2](v1[2], v2[2])
+            }
+            res[#res + 1] = t
+            res[#res + 1] = {"not" .. t[1], not t[2]}
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return res
+end
+
+-- do not do too many combinations for soft tests
+local level = _soft and 3 or 4
+
+cases[1] = basiccases
+for i = 2, level do cases[i] = createcases(i) end
+print("+")
+
+local i = 0
+for n = 1, level do
+  for _, v in pairs(cases[n]) do
+    local s = v[1]
+    local p = load(string.format(prog, s, s), "")
+    IX = false
+    assert(p() == v[2] and IX == not not v[2])
+    i = i + 1
+    if i % 60000 == 0 then print('+') end
+  end
+end
+IX = nil
+_G.GLOB1 = nil
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- testing some syntax errors (chosen through 'gcov')
+checkload("for x do", "expected")
+checkload("x:call", "expected")
+
+print'OK'

testes/cstack.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+-- $Id: testes/cstack.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+
+local tracegc = require"tracegc"
+
+print"testing stack overflow detection"
+
+-- Segmentation faults in these tests probably result from a C-stack
+-- overflow. To avoid these errors, you should set a smaller limit for
+-- the use of C stack by Lua, by changing the constant 'LUAI_MAXCCALLS'.
+-- Alternatively, you can ensure a larger stack for the program.
+
+
+local function checkerror (msg, f, ...)
+  local s, err = pcall(f, ...)
+  assert(not s and string.find(err, msg))
+end
+
+do  print("testing stack overflow in message handling")
+  local count = 0
+  local function loop (x, y, z)
+    count = count + 1
+    return 1 + loop(x, y, z)
+  end
+  tracegc.stop()    -- __gc should not be called with a full stack
+  local res, msg = xpcall(loop, loop)
+  tracegc.start()
+  assert(msg == "error in error handling")
+  print("final count: ", count)
+end
+
+
+-- bug since 2.5 (C-stack overflow in recursion inside pattern matching)
+do  print("testing recursion inside pattern matching")
+  local function f (size)
+    local s = string.rep("a", size)
+    local p = string.rep(".?", size)
+    return string.match(s, p)
+  end
+  local m = f(80)
+  assert(#m == 80)
+  checkerror("too complex", f, 2000)
+end
+
+
+do  print("testing stack-overflow in recursive 'gsub'")
+  local count = 0
+  local function foo ()
+    count = count + 1
+    string.gsub("a", ".", foo)
+  end
+  checkerror("stack overflow", foo)
+  print("final count: ", count)
+
+  print("testing stack-overflow in recursive 'gsub' with metatables")
+  local count = 0
+  local t = setmetatable({}, {__index = foo})
+  foo = function ()
+    count = count + 1
+    string.gsub("a", ".", t)
+  end
+  checkerror("stack overflow", foo)
+  print("final count: ", count)
+end
+
+
+do   -- bug in 5.4.0
+  print("testing limits in coroutines inside deep calls")
+  local count = 0
+  local lim = 1000
+  local function stack (n)
+    if n > 0 then return stack(n - 1) + 1
+    else coroutine.wrap(function ()
+           count = count + 1
+           stack(lim)
+         end)()
+    end
+  end
+
+  local st, msg = xpcall(stack, function () return "ok" end, lim)
+  assert(not st and msg == "ok")
+  print("final count: ", count)
+end
+
+
+do    -- bug since 5.4.0
+  local count = 0
+  print("chain of 'coroutine.close'")
+  -- create N coroutines forming a list so that each one, when closed,
+  -- closes the previous one. (With a large enough N, previous Lua
+  -- versions crash in this test.)
+  local coro = false
+  for i = 1, 1000 do
+    local previous = coro
+    coro = coroutine.create(function()
+      local cc <close> = setmetatable({}, {__close=function()
+        count = count + 1
+        if previous then
+          assert(coroutine.close(previous))
+        end
+      end})
+      coroutine.yield()   -- leaves 'cc' pending to be closed
+    end)
+    assert(coroutine.resume(coro))  -- start it and run until it yields
+  end
+  local st, msg = coroutine.close(coro)
+  assert(not st and string.find(msg, "C stack overflow"))
+  print("final count: ", count)
+end
+
+
+do
+  print("nesting of resuming yielded coroutines")
+  local count = 0
+
+  local function body ()
+    coroutine.yield()
+    local f = coroutine.wrap(body)
+    f();  -- start new coroutine (will stop in previous yield)
+    count = count + 1
+    f()   -- call it recursively
+  end
+
+  local f = coroutine.wrap(body)
+  f()
+  assert(not pcall(f))
+  print("final count: ", count)
+end
+
+
+do    -- bug in 5.4.2
+  print("nesting coroutines running after recoverable errors")
+  local count = 0
+  local function foo()
+    count = count + 1
+    pcall(1)   -- create an error
+    -- running now inside 'precover' ("protected recover")
+    coroutine.wrap(foo)()   -- call another coroutine
+  end
+  checkerror("C stack overflow", foo)
+  print("final count: ", count)
+end
+
+
+if T then
+  print("testing stack recovery")
+  local N = 0      -- trace number of calls
+  local LIM = -1   -- will store N just before stack overflow
+
+  -- trace stack size; after stack overflow, it should be
+  -- the maximum allowed stack size.
+  local stack1
+  local dummy
+
+  local function err(msg)
+    assert(string.find(msg, "stack overflow"))
+    local _, stacknow = T.stacklevel()
+    assert(stacknow == stack1 + 200)
+  end
+
+  -- When LIM==-1, the 'if' is not executed, so this function only
+  -- counts and stores the stack limits up to overflow.  Then, LIM
+  -- becomes N, and then the 'if' code is run when the stack is
+  -- full. Then, there is a stack overflow inside 'xpcall', after which
+  -- the stack must have been restored back to its maximum normal size.
+  local function f()
+    dummy, stack1 = T.stacklevel()
+    if N == LIM then
+      xpcall(f, err)
+      local _, stacknow = T.stacklevel()
+      assert(stacknow == stack1)
+      return
+    end
+    N = N + 1
+    f()
+  end
+
+  local topB, sizeB   -- top and size Before overflow
+  local topA, sizeA   -- top and size After overflow
+  topB, sizeB = T.stacklevel()
+  tracegc.stop()    -- __gc should not be called with a full stack
+  xpcall(f, err)
+  tracegc.start()
+  topA, sizeA = T.stacklevel()
+  -- sizes should be comparable
+  assert(topA == topB and sizeA < sizeB * 2)
+  print(string.format("maximum stack size: %d", stack1))
+  LIM = N      -- will stop recursion at maximum level
+  N = 0        -- to count again
+  tracegc.stop()    -- __gc should not be called with a full stack
+  f()
+  tracegc.start()
+  print"+"
+end
+
+print'OK'

testes/errors.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,779 @@
+-- $Id: testes/errors.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+print("testing errors")
+
+local debug = require"debug"
+
+-- avoid problems with 'strict' module (which may generate other error messages)
+local mt = getmetatable(_G) or {}
+local oldmm = mt.__index
+mt.__index = nil
+
+local function checkerr (msg, f, ...)
+  local st, err = pcall(f, ...)
+  assert(not st and string.find(err, msg))
+end
+
+
+local function doit (s)
+  local f, msg = load(s)
+  if not f then return msg end
+  local cond, msg = pcall(f)
+  return (not cond) and msg
+end
+
+
+local function checkmessage (prog, msg, debug)
+  local m = doit(prog)
+  if debug then print(m, msg) end
+  assert(string.find(m, msg, 1, true))
+end
+
+local function checksyntax (prog, extra, token, line)
+  local msg = doit(prog)
+  if not string.find(token, "^<%a") and not string.find(token, "^char%(")
+    then token = "'"..token.."'" end
+  token = string.gsub(token, "(%p)", "%%%1")
+  local pt = string.format([[^%%[string ".*"%%]:%d: .- near %s$]],
+                           line, token)
+  assert(string.find(msg, pt))
+  assert(string.find(msg, msg, 1, true))
+end
+
+
+-- test error message with no extra info
+assert(doit("error('hi', 0)") == 'hi')
+
+-- test nil error message
+assert(doit("error()") == "<no error object>")
+
+
+-- test common errors/errors that crashed in the past
+assert(doit("table.unpack({}, 1, n=2^30)"))
+assert(doit("a=math.sin()"))
+assert(not doit("tostring(1)") and doit("tostring()"))
+assert(doit"tonumber()")
+assert(doit"repeat until 1; a")
+assert(doit"return;;")
+assert(doit"assert(false)")
+assert(doit"assert(nil)")
+assert(doit("function a (... , ...) end"))
+assert(doit("function a (, ...) end"))
+assert(doit("local t={}; t = t[#t] + 1"))
+
+checksyntax([[
+  local a = {4
+
+]], "'}' expected (to close '{' at line 1)", "<eof>", 3)
+
+
+do   -- testing errors in goto/break
+  local function checksyntax (prog, msg, line)
+    local st, err = load(prog)
+    assert(string.find(err, "line " .. line))
+    assert(string.find(err, msg, 1, true))
+  end
+
+  checksyntax([[
+    ::A:: a = 1
+    ::A::
+  ]], "label 'A' already defined", 1)
+
+  checksyntax([[
+    a = 1
+    goto A
+    do ::A:: end
+  ]], "no visible label 'A'", 2)
+
+end
+
+
+if not T then
+  (Message or print)
+    ('\n >>> testC not active: skipping tests for messages in C <<<\n')
+else
+  print "testing memory error message"
+  local a = {}
+  for i = 1, 10000 do a[i] = true end   -- preallocate array
+  collectgarbage()
+  T.totalmem(T.totalmem() + 10000)
+  -- force a memory error (by a small margin)
+  local st, msg = pcall(function()
+    for i = 1, 100000 do a[i] = tostring(i) end
+  end)
+  T.totalmem(0)
+  assert(not st and msg == "not enough" .. " memory")
+
+  -- stack space for luaL_traceback (bug in 5.4.6)
+  local res = T.testC[[
+    # push 16 elements on the stack
+    pushnum 1; pushnum 1; pushnum 1; pushnum 1; pushnum 1;
+    pushnum 1; pushnum 1; pushnum 1; pushnum 1; pushnum 1;
+    pushnum 1; pushnum 1; pushnum 1; pushnum 1; pushnum 1;
+    pushnum 1;
+    # traceback should work with 4 remaining slots
+    traceback xuxu 1;
+    return 1
+  ]]
+  assert(string.find(res, "xuxu.-main chunk"))
+
+  do   -- tests for error messages about extra arguments from __call
+    local function createobj (n)
+      -- function that raises an error on its n-th argument
+      local code = string.format("argerror %d 'msg'", n)
+      local func = T.makeCfunc(code)
+      -- create a chain of 2 __call objects
+      local M = setmetatable({}, {__call = func})
+      M = setmetatable({}, {__call = M})
+      -- put it as a method for a new object
+      return {foo = M}
+    end
+
+  _G.a = createobj(1)   -- error in first (extra) argument
+  checkmessage("a:foo()", "bad extra argument #1")
+
+  _G.a = createobj(2)   -- error in second (extra) argument
+  checkmessage("a:foo()", "bad extra argument #2")
+
+  _G.a = createobj(3)   -- error in self (after two extra arguments)
+  checkmessage("a:foo()", "bad self")
+
+  _G.a = createobj(4)  -- error in first regular argument (after self)
+  checkmessage("a:foo()", "bad argument #1")
+  end
+end
+
+
+-- tests for better error messages
+
+checkmessage("a = {} + 1", "arithmetic")
+checkmessage("a = {} | 1", "bitwise operation")
+checkmessage("a = {} < 1", "attempt to compare")
+checkmessage("a = {} <= 1", "attempt to compare")
+
+checkmessage("aaa=1; bbbb=2; aaa=math.sin(3)+bbbb(3)", "global 'bbbb'")
+checkmessage("aaa={}; do local aaa=1 end aaa:bbbb(3)", "method 'bbbb'")
+checkmessage("local a={}; a.bbbb(3)", "field 'bbbb'")
+assert(not string.find(doit"aaa={13}; local bbbb=1; aaa[bbbb](3)", "'bbbb'"))
+checkmessage("aaa={13}; local bbbb=1; aaa[bbbb](3)", "number")
+checkmessage("aaa=(1)..{}", "a table value")
+
+-- bug in 5.4.6
+checkmessage("a = {_ENV = {}}; print(a._ENV.x + 1)", "field 'x'")
+
+-- a similar bug, since 5.4.0
+checkmessage("print(('_ENV').x + 1)", "field 'x'")
+
+_G.aaa, _G.bbbb = nil
+
+-- calls
+checkmessage("local a; a(13)", "local 'a'")
+checkmessage([[
+  local a = setmetatable({}, {__add = 34})
+  a = a + 1
+]], "metamethod 'add'")
+checkmessage([[
+  local a = setmetatable({}, {__lt = {}})
+  a = a > a
+]], "metamethod 'lt'")
+
+-- tail calls
+checkmessage("local a={}; return a.bbbb(3)", "field 'bbbb'")
+checkmessage("aaa={}; do local aaa=1 end; return aaa:bbbb(3)", "method 'bbbb'")
+
+checkmessage("aaa = #print", "length of a function value")
+checkmessage("aaa = #3", "length of a number value")
+
+_G.aaa = nil
+
+checkmessage("aaa.bbb:ddd(9)", "global 'aaa'")
+checkmessage("local aaa={bbb=1}; aaa.bbb:ddd(9)", "field 'bbb'")
+checkmessage("local aaa={bbb={}}; aaa.bbb:ddd(9)", "method 'ddd'")
+checkmessage("local a,b,c; (function () a = b+1.1 end)()", "upvalue 'b'")
+assert(not doit"local aaa={bbb={ddd=next}}; aaa.bbb:ddd(nil)")
+
+-- upvalues being indexed do not go to the stack
+checkmessage("local a,b,cc; (function () a = cc[1] end)()", "upvalue 'cc'")
+checkmessage("local a,b,cc; (function () a.x = 1 end)()", "upvalue 'a'")
+
+checkmessage("local _ENV = {x={}}; a = a + 1", "global 'a'")
+
+checkmessage("BB=1; local aaa={}; x=aaa+BB", "local 'aaa'")
+checkmessage("aaa={}; x=3.3/aaa", "global 'aaa'")
+checkmessage("aaa=2; BB=nil;x=aaa*BB", "global 'BB'")
+checkmessage("aaa={}; x=-aaa", "global 'aaa'")
+
+-- short circuit
+checkmessage("aaa=1; local aaa,bbbb=2,3; aaa = math.sin(1) and bbbb(3)",
+       "local 'bbbb'")
+checkmessage("aaa=1; local aaa,bbbb=2,3; aaa = bbbb(1) or aaa(3)",
+             "local 'bbbb'")
+checkmessage("local a,b,c,f = 1,1,1; f((a and b) or c)", "local 'f'")
+checkmessage("local a,b,c = 1,1,1; ((a and b) or c)()", "call a number value")
+assert(not string.find(doit"aaa={}; x=(aaa or aaa)+(aaa and aaa)", "'aaa'"))
+assert(not string.find(doit"aaa={}; (aaa or aaa)()", "'aaa'"))
+
+checkmessage("print(print < 10)", "function with number")
+checkmessage("print(print < print)", "two function values")
+checkmessage("print('10' < 10)", "string with number")
+checkmessage("print(10 < '23')", "number with string")
+
+-- float->integer conversions
+checkmessage("local a = 2.0^100; x = a << 2", "local a")
+checkmessage("local a = 1 >> 2.0^100", "has no integer representation")
+checkmessage("local a = 10.1 << 2.0^100", "has no integer representation")
+checkmessage("local a = 2.0^100 & 1", "has no integer representation")
+checkmessage("local a = 2.0^100 & 1e100", "has no integer representation")
+checkmessage("local a = 2.0 | 1e40", "has no integer representation")
+checkmessage("local a = 2e100 ~ 1", "has no integer representation")
+checkmessage("string.sub('a', 2.0^100)", "has no integer representation")
+checkmessage("string.rep('a', 3.3)", "has no integer representation")
+checkmessage("return 6e40 & 7", "has no integer representation")
+checkmessage("return 34 << 7e30", "has no integer representation")
+checkmessage("return ~-3e40", "has no integer representation")
+checkmessage("return ~-3.009", "has no integer representation")
+checkmessage("return 3.009 & 1", "has no integer representation")
+checkmessage("return 34 >> {}", "table value")
+checkmessage("aaa = 24 // 0", "divide by zero")
+checkmessage("aaa = 1 % 0", "'n%0'")
+
+
+-- type error for an object which is neither in an upvalue nor a register.
+-- The following code will try to index the value 10 that is stored in
+-- the metatable, without moving it to a register.
+checkmessage("local a = setmetatable({}, {__index = 10}).x",
+             "attempt to index a number value")
+
+
+-- numeric for loops
+checkmessage("for i = {}, 10 do end", "table")
+checkmessage("for i = io.stdin, 10 do end", "FILE")
+checkmessage("for i = {}, 10 do end", "initial value")
+checkmessage("for i = 1, 'x', 10 do end", "string")
+checkmessage("for i = 1, {}, 10 do end", "limit")
+checkmessage("for i = 1, {} do end", "limit")
+checkmessage("for i = 1, 10, print do end", "step")
+checkmessage("for i = 1, 10, print do end", "function")
+
+-- passing light userdata instead of full userdata
+_G.D = debug
+checkmessage([[
+  -- create light udata
+  local x = D.upvalueid(function () return debug end, 1)
+  D.setuservalue(x, {})
+]], "light userdata")
+_G.D = nil
+
+do   -- named objects (field '__name')
+  checkmessage("math.sin(io.input())", "(number expected, got FILE*)")
+  _G.XX = setmetatable({}, {__name = "My Type"})
+  assert(string.find(tostring(XX), "^My Type"))
+  checkmessage("io.input(XX)", "(FILE* expected, got My Type)")
+  checkmessage("return XX + 1", "on a My Type value")
+  checkmessage("return ~io.stdin", "on a FILE* value")
+  checkmessage("return XX < XX", "two My Type values")
+  checkmessage("return {} < XX", "table with My Type")
+  checkmessage("return XX < io.stdin", "My Type with FILE*")
+  _G.XX = nil
+
+  if T then   -- extra tests for 'luaL_tolstring'
+    -- bug in 5.4.3; 'luaL_tolstring' with negative indices
+    local x = setmetatable({}, {__name="TABLE"})
+    assert(T.testC("Ltolstring -1; return 1", x) == tostring(x))
+
+    local a, b = T.testC("pushint 10; Ltolstring -2; return 2", x)
+    assert(a == 10 and b == tostring(x))
+
+    setmetatable(x, {__tostring=function (o)
+      assert(o == x)
+      return "ABC"
+    end})
+    local a, b, c = T.testC("pushint 10; Ltolstring -2; return 3", x)
+    assert(a == x and b == 10 and c == "ABC")
+  end
+end
+
+-- global functions
+checkmessage("(io.write or print){}", "io.write")
+checkmessage("(collectgarbage or print){}", "collectgarbage")
+
+-- errors in functions without debug info
+do
+  local f = function (a) return a + 1 end
+  f = assert(load(string.dump(f, true)))
+  assert(f(3) == 4)
+  checkerr("^%?:%?:", f, {})
+
+  -- code with a move to a local var ('OP_MOV A B' with A<B)
+  f = function () local a; a = {}; return a + 2 end
+  -- no debug info (so that 'a' is unknown)
+  f = assert(load(string.dump(f, true)))
+  -- symbolic execution should not get lost
+  checkerr("^%?:%?:.*table value", f)
+end
+
+
+-- tests for field accesses after RK limit
+local t = {}
+for i = 1, 1000 do
+  t[i] = "aaa = x" .. i
+end
+local s = table.concat(t, "; ")
+t = nil
+checkmessage(s.."; aaa = bbb + 1", "global 'bbb'")
+checkmessage("local _ENV=_ENV;"..s.."; aaa = bbb + 1", "global 'bbb'")
+checkmessage(s.."; local t = {}; aaa = t.bbb + 1", "field 'bbb'")
+-- cannot use 'self' opcode
+checkmessage(s.."; local t = {}; t:bbb()", "field 'bbb'")
+
+checkmessage([[aaa=9
+repeat until 3==3
+local x=math.sin(math.cos(3))
+if math.sin(1) == x then return math.sin(1) end   -- tail call
+local a,b = 1, {
+  {x='a'..'b'..'c', y='b', z=x},
+  {1,2,3,4,5} or 3+3<=3+3,
+  3+1>3+1,
+  {d = x and aaa[x or y]}}
+]], "global 'aaa'")
+
+checkmessage([[
+local x,y = {},1
+if math.sin(1) == 0 then return 3 end    -- return
+x.a()]], "field 'a'")
+
+checkmessage([[
+prefix = nil
+insert = nil
+while 1 do
+  local a
+  if nil then break end
+  insert(prefix, a)
+end]], "global 'insert'")
+
+checkmessage([[  -- tail call
+  return math.sin("a")
+]], "sin")
+
+checkmessage([[collectgarbage("nooption")]], "invalid option")
+
+checkmessage([[x = print .. "a"]], "concatenate")
+checkmessage([[x = "a" .. false]], "concatenate")
+checkmessage([[x = {} .. 2]], "concatenate")
+
+checkmessage("getmetatable(io.stdin).__gc()", "no value")
+
+checkmessage([[
+local Var
+local function main()
+  NoSuchName (function() Var=0 end)
+end
+main()
+]], "global 'NoSuchName'")
+print'+'
+
+aaa = {}; setmetatable(aaa, {__index = string})
+checkmessage("aaa:sub()", "bad self")
+checkmessage("string.sub('a', {})", "#2")
+checkmessage("('a'):sub{}", "#1")
+
+checkmessage("table.sort({1,2,3}, table.sort)", "'table.sort'")
+checkmessage("string.gsub('s', 's', setmetatable)", "'setmetatable'")
+
+_G.aaa = nil
+
+
+-- tests for errors in coroutines
+
+local function f (n)
+  local c = coroutine.create(f)
+  local a,b = coroutine.resume(c)
+  return b
+end
+assert(string.find(f(), "C stack overflow"))
+
+checkmessage("coroutine.yield()", "outside a coroutine")
+
+f = coroutine.wrap(function () table.sort({1,2,3}, coroutine.yield) end)
+checkerr("yield across", f)
+
+
+-- testing size of 'source' info; size of buffer for that info is
+-- LUA_IDSIZE, declared as 60 in luaconf. Get one position for '\0'.
+local idsize = 60 - 1
+local function checksize (source)
+  -- syntax error
+  local _, msg = load("x", source)
+  msg = string.match(msg, "^([^:]*):")   -- get source (1st part before ':')
+  assert(msg:len() <= idsize)
+end
+
+for i = 60 - 10, 60 + 10 do   -- check border cases around 60
+  checksize("@" .. string.rep("x", i))   -- file names
+  checksize(string.rep("x", i - 10))     -- string sources
+  checksize("=" .. string.rep("x", i))   -- exact sources
+end
+
+
+-- testing line error
+
+local function lineerror (s, l, w)
+  local err,msg = pcall(load(s))
+  local line = tonumber(string.match(msg, ":(%d+):"))
+  assert((line == l or (not line and not l)) and string.find(msg, w))
+end
+
+lineerror("local a\n for i=1,'a' do \n print(i) \n end", 2, "limit")
+lineerror("\n local a \n for k,v in 3 \n do \n print(k) \n end", 3, "to call")
+lineerror("\n\n for k,v in \n 3 \n do \n print(k) \n end", 4, "to call")
+lineerror("function a.x.y ()\na=a+1\nend", 1, "index")
+
+lineerror("a = \na\n+\n{}", 3, "arithmetic")
+lineerror("a = \n3\n+\n(\n4\n/\nprint)", 6, "arithmetic")
+lineerror("a = \nprint\n+\n(\n4\n/\n7)", 3, "arithmetic")
+
+lineerror("a\n=\n-\n\nprint\n;", 3, "arithmetic")
+
+lineerror([[
+a
+(     -- <<
+23)
+]], 2, "call")
+
+lineerror([[
+local a = {x = 13}
+a
+.
+x
+(     -- <<
+23
+)
+]], 5, "call")
+
+lineerror([[
+local a = {x = 13}
+a
+.
+x
+(
+23 + a
+)
+]], 6, "arithmetic")
+
+local p = [[
+  function g() f() end
+  function f(x) error('a', XX) end
+g()
+]]
+XX=3;lineerror((p), 3, "a")
+XX=0;lineerror((p), false, "a")
+XX=1;lineerror((p), 2, "a")
+XX=2;lineerror((p), 1, "a")
+_G.XX, _G.g, _G.f = nil
+
+
+lineerror([[
+local b = false
+if not b then
+  error 'test'
+end]], 3, "test")
+
+lineerror([[
+local b = false
+if not b then
+  if not b then
+    if not b then
+      error 'test'
+    end
+  end
+end]], 5, "test")
+
+lineerror([[
+_ENV = 1
+global function foo ()
+  local a = 10
+  return a
+end
+]], 2, "index")
+
+
+-- bug in 5.4.0
+lineerror([[
+  local a = 0
+  local b = 1
+  local c = b % a
+]], 3, "perform")
+
+do
+  -- Force a negative estimate for base line. Error in instruction 2
+  -- (after VARARGPREP, GETGLOBAL), with first absolute line information
+  -- (forced by too many lines) in instruction 0.
+  local s = string.format("%s return __A.x", string.rep("\n", 300))
+  lineerror(s, 301, "index")
+end
+
+
+local function stxlineerror (s, l, w)
+  local err,msg = load(s)
+  local line = tonumber(string.match(msg, ":(%d+):"))
+  assert((line == l or (not line and not l)) and string.find(msg, w, 1, true))
+end
+
+stxlineerror([[
+::L1::
+::L1::
+]], 2, "already defined")
+
+stxlineerror([[
+global none
+local x = b
+]], 2, "not declared")
+
+stxlineerror([[
+local <close> a, b
+]], 1, "multiple")
+
+if not _soft then
+  -- several tests that exhaust the Lua stack
+  collectgarbage()
+  print"testing stack overflow"
+  local C = 0
+  -- get line where stack overflow will happen
+  local l = debug.getinfo(1, "l").currentline + 1
+  local function auxy () C=C+1; auxy() end     -- produce a stack overflow
+  function YY ()
+    collectgarbage("stop")   -- avoid running finalizers without stack space
+    auxy()
+    collectgarbage("restart")
+  end
+
+  local function checkstackmessage (m)
+    print("(expected stack overflow after " .. C .. " calls)")
+    C = 0    -- prepare next count
+    return (string.find(m, "stack overflow"))
+  end
+  -- repeated stack overflows (to check stack recovery)
+  assert(checkstackmessage(doit('YY()')))
+  assert(checkstackmessage(doit('YY()')))
+  assert(checkstackmessage(doit('YY()')))
+
+  _G.YY = nil
+
+
+  -- error lines in stack overflow
+  local l1
+  local function g(x)
+    l1 = debug.getinfo(x, "l").currentline + 2
+    collectgarbage("stop")   -- avoid running finalizers without stack space
+    auxy()
+    collectgarbage("restart")
+  end
+  local _, stackmsg = xpcall(g, debug.traceback, 1)
+  print('+')
+  local stack = {}
+  for line in string.gmatch(stackmsg, "[^\n]*") do
+    local curr = string.match(line, ":(%d+):")
+    if curr then table.insert(stack, tonumber(curr)) end
+  end
+  local i=1
+  while stack[i] ~= l1 do
+    assert(stack[i] == l)
+    i = i+1
+  end
+  assert(i > 15)
+
+
+  -- error in error handling
+  local res, msg = xpcall(error, error)
+  assert(not res and msg == 'error in error handling')
+  print('+')
+
+  local function f (x)
+    if x==0 then error('a\n')
+    else
+      local aux = function () return f(x-1) end
+      local a,b = xpcall(aux, aux)
+      return a,b
+    end
+  end
+  f(3)
+
+  local function loop (x,y,z) return 1 + loop(x, y, z) end
+ 
+  local res, msg = xpcall(loop, function (m)
+    assert(string.find(m, "stack overflow"))
+    checkerr("error handling", loop)
+    assert(math.sin(0) == 0)
+    return 15
+  end)
+  assert(msg == 15)
+
+  local f = function ()
+    for i = 999900, 1000000, 1 do table.unpack({}, 1, i) end
+  end
+  checkerr("too many results", f)
+
+end
+
+
+do  -- errors in error handle that not necessarily go forever
+  local function err (n)   -- function to be used as message handler
+    -- generate an error unless n is zero, so that there is a limited
+    -- loop of errors
+    if type(n) ~= "number" then   -- some other error?
+      return n   -- report it
+    elseif n == 0 then
+      return "END"   -- that will be the final message
+    else error(n - 1)   -- does the loop
+    end
+  end
+
+  local res, msg = xpcall(error, err, 170)
+  assert(not res and msg == "END")
+
+  -- too many levels
+  local res, msg = xpcall(error, err, 300)
+  assert(not res and msg == "C stack overflow")
+end
+
+
+do
+  -- non string messages
+  local t = {}
+  local res, msg = pcall(function () error(t) end)
+  assert(not res and msg == t)
+
+  res, msg = pcall(function () error(nil) end)
+  assert(not res and msg == "<no error object>")
+
+  local function f() error{msg='x'} end
+  res, msg = xpcall(f, function (r) return {msg=r.msg..'y'} end)
+  assert(msg.msg == 'xy')
+
+  -- 'assert' with extra arguments
+  res, msg = pcall(assert, false, "X", t)
+  assert(not res and msg == "X")
+ 
+  -- 'assert' with no message
+  res, msg = pcall(function () assert(false) end)
+  local line = string.match(msg, "%w+%.lua:(%d+): assertion failed!$")
+  assert(tonumber(line) == debug.getinfo(1, "l").currentline - 2)
+
+  -- 'assert' with non-string messages
+  res, msg = pcall(assert, false, t)
+  assert(not res and msg == t)
+
+  res, msg = pcall(assert, nil, nil)
+  assert(not res and type(msg) == "string")
+
+  -- 'assert' without arguments
+  res, msg = pcall(assert)
+  assert(not res and string.find(msg, "value expected"))
+end
+
+-- xpcall with arguments
+local a, b, c = xpcall(string.find, error, "alo", "al")
+assert(a and b == 1 and c == 2)
+a, b, c = xpcall(string.find, function (x) return {} end, true, "al")
+assert(not a and type(b) == "table" and c == nil)
+
+
+print("testing tokens in error messages")
+checksyntax("syntax error", "", "error", 1)
+checksyntax("1.000", "", "1.000", 1)
+checksyntax("[[a]]", "", "[[a]]", 1)
+checksyntax("'aa'", "", "'aa'", 1)
+checksyntax("while << do end", "", "<<", 1)
+checksyntax("for >> do end", "", ">>", 1)
+
+-- test invalid non-printable char in a chunk
+checksyntax("a\1a = 1", "", "<\\1>", 1)
+
+-- test 255 as first char in a chunk
+checksyntax("\255a = 1", "", "<\\255>", 1)
+
+doit('I = load("a=9+"); aaa=3')
+assert(_G.aaa==3 and not _G.I)
+_G.I,_G.aaa = nil
+print('+')
+
+local lim = 1000
+if _soft then lim = 100 end
+for i=1,lim do
+  doit('a = ')
+  doit('a = 4+nil')
+end
+
+
+-- testing syntax limits
+
+local function testrep (init, rep, close, repc, finalresult)
+  local function gencode (n)
+    return init .. string.rep(rep, n) .. close .. string.rep(repc, n)
+  end
+  local res, msg = load(gencode(100))   -- 100 levels is OK
+  assert(res)
+  if (finalresult) then
+    assert(res() == finalresult)
+  end
+  local res, msg = load(gencode(500))   -- 500 levels not ok
+  assert(not res and (string.find(msg, "too many") or
+                      string.find(msg, "overflow")))
+end
+
+testrep("local a", ",a", ";", "")    -- local variables
+testrep("local a", ",a", "= 1", ",1")    -- local variables initialized
+testrep("local a", ",a", "= f()", "")    -- local variables initialized
+testrep("local a; a", ",a", "= 1", ",1")    -- multiple assignment
+testrep("local a; a=", "{", "0", "}")   -- constructors
+testrep("return ", "(", "2", ")", 2)  -- parentheses
+-- nested calls  (a(a(a(a(...)))))
+testrep("local function a (x) return x end; return ", "a(", "2.2", ")", 2.2)
+testrep("", "do ", "", " end")
+testrep("", "while a do ", "", " end")
+testrep("local a; ", "if a then else ", "", " end")
+testrep("", "function foo () ", "", " end")
+testrep("local a = ''; return ", "a..", "'a'", "", "a")
+testrep("local a = 1; return ", "a^", "a", "", 1)
+
+checkmessage("a = f(x" .. string.rep(",x", 260) .. ")", "too many registers")
+
+
+-- testing other limits
+
+-- upvalues
+local lim = 127
+local  s = "local function fooA ()\n  local "
+for j = 1,lim do
+  s = s.."a"..j..", "
+end
+s = s.."b,c\n"
+s = s.."local function fooB ()\n  local "
+for j = 1,lim do
+  s = s.."b"..j..", "
+end
+s = s.."b\n"
+s = s.."function fooC () return b+c"
+local c = 1+2
+for j = 1,lim do
+  s = s.."+a"..j.."+b"..j
+  c = c + 2
+end
+s = s.."\nend  end end"
+local a,b = load(s)
+assert(c > 255 and string.find(b, "too many upvalues") and
+       string.find(b, "line 5"))
+
+-- local variables
+s = "\nfunction foo ()\n  local "
+for j = 1,200 do
+  s = s.."a"..j..", "
+end
+s = s.."b\n"
+local a,b = load(s)
+assert(string.find(b, "line 2") and string.find(b, "too many local variables"))
+
+mt.__index = oldmm
+
+print('OK')

testes/events.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+-- $Id: testes/events.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+print('testing metatables')
+
+local debug = require'debug'
+
+X = 20; B = 30
+
+_ENV = setmetatable({}, {__index=_G})
+
+collectgarbage()
+
+X = X+10
+assert(X == 30 and _G.X == 20)
+B = false
+assert(B == false)
+_ENV["B"] = undef
+assert(B == 30)
+
+assert(getmetatable{} == nil)
+assert(getmetatable(4) == nil)
+assert(getmetatable(nil) == nil)
+a={name = "NAME"}; setmetatable(a, {__metatable = "xuxu",
+                    __tostring=function(x) return x.name end})
+assert(getmetatable(a) == "xuxu")
+assert(tostring(a) == "NAME")
+-- cannot change a protected metatable
+assert(pcall(setmetatable, a, {}) == false)
+a.name = "gororoba"
+assert(tostring(a) == "gororoba")
+
+local a, t = {10,20,30; x="10", y="20"}, {}
+assert(setmetatable(a,t) == a)
+assert(getmetatable(a) == t)
+assert(setmetatable(a,nil) == a)
+assert(getmetatable(a) == nil)
+assert(setmetatable(a,t) == a)
+
+
+function f (t, i, e)
+  assert(not e)
+  local p = rawget(t, "parent")
+  return (p and p[i]+3), "dummy return"
+end
+
+t.__index = f
+
+a.parent = {z=25, x=12, [4] = 24}
+assert(a[1] == 10 and a.z == 28 and a[4] == 27 and a.x == "10")
+
+collectgarbage()
+
+a = setmetatable({}, t)
+function f(t, i, v) rawset(t, i, v-3) end
+setmetatable(t, t)   -- causes a bug in 5.1 !
+t.__newindex = f
+a[1] = 30; a.x = "101"; a[5] = 200
+assert(a[1] == 27 and a.x == 98 and a[5] == 197)
+
+do    -- bug in Lua 5.3.2
+  local mt = {}
+  mt.__newindex = mt
+  local t = setmetatable({}, mt)
+  t[1] = 10     -- will segfault on some machines
+  assert(mt[1] == 10)
+end
+
+
+local c = {}
+a = setmetatable({}, t)
+t.__newindex = c
+t.__index = c
+a[1] = 10; a[2] = 20; a[3] = 90;
+for i = 4, 20 do a[i] = i * 10 end
+assert(a[1] == 10 and a[2] == 20 and a[3] == 90)
+for i = 4, 20 do assert(a[i] == i * 10) end
+assert(next(a) == nil)
+
+
+do
+  local a;
+  a = setmetatable({}, {__index = setmetatable({},
+                     {__index = setmetatable({},
+                     {__index = function (_,n) return a[n-3]+4, "lixo" end})})})
+  a[0] = 20
+  for i=0,10 do
+    assert(a[i*3] == 20 + i*4)
+  end
+end
+
+
+do  -- newindex
+  local foi
+  local a = {}
+  for i=1,10 do a[i] = 0; a['a'..i] = 0; end
+  setmetatable(a, {__newindex = function (t,k,v) foi=true; rawset(t,k,v) end})
+  foi = false; a[1]=0; assert(not foi)
+  foi = false; a['a1']=0; assert(not foi)
+  foi = false; a['a11']=0; assert(foi)
+  foi = false; a[11]=0; assert(foi)
+  foi = false; a[1]=undef; assert(not foi)
+  a[1] = undef
+  foi = false; a[1]=nil; assert(foi)
+end
+
+
+setmetatable(t, nil)
+function f (t, ...) return t, {...} end
+t.__call = f
+
+do
+  local x,y = a(table.unpack{'a', 1})
+  assert(x==a and y[1]=='a' and y[2]==1 and y[3]==undef)
+  x,y = a()
+  assert(x==a and y[1]==undef)
+end
+
+
+local b = setmetatable({}, t)
+setmetatable(b,t)
+
+function f(op)
+  return function (...) cap = {[0] = op, ...} ; return (...) end
+end
+t.__add = f("add")
+t.__sub = f("sub")
+t.__mul = f("mul")
+t.__div = f("div")
+t.__idiv = f("idiv")
+t.__mod = f("mod")
+t.__unm = f("unm")
+t.__pow = f("pow")
+t.__len = f("len")
+t.__band = f("band")
+t.__bor = f("bor")
+t.__bxor = f("bxor")
+t.__shl = f("shl")
+t.__shr = f("shr")
+t.__bnot = f("bnot")
+t.__lt = f("lt")
+t.__le = f("le")
+
+
+local function checkcap (t)
+  assert(#cap + 1 == #t)
+  for i = 1, #t do
+    assert(cap[i - 1] == t[i])
+    assert(math.type(cap[i - 1]) == math.type(t[i]))
+  end
+end
+
+-- Some tests are done inside small anonymous functions to ensure
+-- that constants go to constant table even in debug compilation,
+-- when the constant table is very small.
+assert(b+5 == b); checkcap{"add", b, 5}
+assert(5.2 + b == 5.2); checkcap{"add", 5.2, b}
+assert(b+'5' == b); checkcap{"add", b, '5'}
+assert(5+b == 5); checkcap{"add", 5, b}
+assert('5'+b == '5'); checkcap{"add", '5', b}
+b=b-3; assert(getmetatable(b) == t); checkcap{"sub", b, 3}
+assert(5-a == 5); checkcap{"sub", 5, a}
+assert('5'-a == '5'); checkcap{"sub", '5', a}
+assert(a*a == a); checkcap{"mul", a, a}
+assert(a/0 == a); checkcap{"div", a, 0}
+assert(a/0.0 == a); checkcap{"div", a, 0.0}
+assert(a%2 == a); checkcap{"mod", a, 2}
+assert(a // (1/0) == a); checkcap{"idiv", a, 1/0}
+;(function () assert(a & "hi" == a) end)(); checkcap{"band", a, "hi"}
+;(function () assert(10 & a  == 10) end)(); checkcap{"band", 10, a}
+;(function () assert(a | 10  == a) end)(); checkcap{"bor", a, 10}
+assert(a | "hi" == a); checkcap{"bor", a, "hi"}
+assert("hi" ~ a == "hi"); checkcap{"bxor", "hi", a}
+;(function () assert(10 ~ a == 10) end)(); checkcap{"bxor", 10, a}
+assert(-a == a); checkcap{"unm", a, a}
+assert(a^4.0 == a); checkcap{"pow", a, 4.0}
+assert(a^'4' == a); checkcap{"pow", a, '4'}
+assert(4^a == 4); checkcap{"pow", 4, a}
+assert('4'^a == '4'); checkcap{"pow", '4', a}
+assert(#a == a); checkcap{"len", a, a}
+assert(~a == a); checkcap{"bnot", a, a}
+assert(a << 3 == a); checkcap{"shl", a, 3}
+assert(1.5 >> a == 1.5); checkcap{"shr", 1.5, a}
+
+-- for comparison operators, all results are true
+assert(5.0 > a); checkcap{"lt", a, 5.0}
+assert(a >= 10); checkcap{"le", 10, a}
+assert(a <= -10.0); checkcap{"le", a, -10.0}
+assert(a < -10); checkcap{"lt", a, -10}
+
+
+-- test for rawlen
+t = setmetatable({1,2,3}, {__len = function () return 10 end})
+assert(#t == 10 and rawlen(t) == 3)
+assert(rawlen"abc" == 3)
+assert(not pcall(rawlen, io.stdin))
+assert(not pcall(rawlen, 34))
+assert(not pcall(rawlen))
+
+-- rawlen for long strings
+assert(rawlen(string.rep('a', 1000)) == 1000)
+
+
+t = {}
+t.__lt = function (a,b,c)
+  collectgarbage()
+  assert(c == nil)
+  if type(a) == 'table' then a = a.x end
+  if type(b) == 'table' then b = b.x end
+ return a<b, "dummy"
+end
+
+t.__le = function (a,b,c)
+  assert(c == nil)
+  if type(a) == 'table' then a = a.x end
+  if type(b) == 'table' then b = b.x end
+ return a<=b, "dummy"
+end
+
+t.__eq = function (a,b,c)
+  assert(c == nil)
+  if type(a) == 'table' then a = a.x end
+  if type(b) == 'table' then b = b.x end
+ return a == b, "dummy"
+end
+
+function Op(x) return setmetatable({x=x}, t) end
+
+local function test (a, b, c)
+  assert(not(Op(1)<Op(1)) and (Op(1)<Op(2)) and not(Op(2)<Op(1)))
+  assert(not(1 < Op(1)) and (Op(1) < 2) and not(2 < Op(1)))
+  assert(not(Op('a')<Op('a')) and (Op('a')<Op('b')) and not(Op('b')<Op('a')))
+  assert(not('a' < Op('a')) and (Op('a') < 'b') and not(Op('b') < Op('a')))
+  assert((Op(1)<=Op(1)) and (Op(1)<=Op(2)) and not(Op(2)<=Op(1)))
+  assert((Op('a')<=Op('a')) and (Op('a')<=Op('b')) and not(Op('b')<=Op('a')))
+  assert(not(Op(1)>Op(1)) and not(Op(1)>Op(2)) and (Op(2)>Op(1)))
+  assert(not(Op('a')>Op('a')) and not(Op('a')>Op('b')) and (Op('b')>Op('a')))
+  assert((Op(1)>=Op(1)) and not(Op(1)>=Op(2)) and (Op(2)>=Op(1)))
+  assert((1 >= Op(1)) and not(1 >= Op(2)) and (Op(2) >= 1))
+  assert((Op('a')>=Op('a')) and not(Op('a')>=Op('b')) and (Op('b')>=Op('a')))
+  assert(('a' >= Op('a')) and not(Op('a') >= 'b') and (Op('b') >= Op('a')))
+  assert(Op(1) == Op(1) and Op(1) ~= Op(2))
+  assert(Op('a') == Op('a') and Op('a') ~= Op('b'))
+  assert(a == a and a ~= b)
+  assert(Op(3) == c)
+end
+
+test(Op(1), Op(2), Op(3))
+
+
+do  -- test nil as false
+  local x = setmetatable({12}, {__eq= function (a,b)
+    return a[1] == b[1] or nil
+  end})
+  assert(not (x == {20}))
+  assert(x == {12})
+end
+
+
+-- test `partial order'
+
+local function rawSet(x)
+  local y = {}
+  for _,k in pairs(x) do y[k] = 1 end
+  return y
+end
+
+local function Set(x)
+  return setmetatable(rawSet(x), t)
+end
+
+t.__lt = function (a,b)
+  for k in pairs(a) do
+    if not b[k] then return false end
+    b[k] = undef
+  end
+  return next(b) ~= nil
+end
+
+t.__le = function (a,b)
+  for k in pairs(a) do
+    if not b[k] then return false end
+  end
+  return true
+end
+
+assert(Set{1,2,3} < Set{1,2,3,4})
+assert(not(Set{1,2,3,4} < Set{1,2,3,4}))
+assert((Set{1,2,3,4} <= Set{1,2,3,4}))
+assert((Set{1,2,3,4} >= Set{1,2,3,4}))
+assert(not (Set{1,3} <= Set{3,5}))
+assert(not(Set{1,3} <= Set{3,5}))
+assert(not(Set{1,3} >= Set{3,5}))
+
+
+t.__eq = function (a,b)
+  for k in pairs(a) do
+    if not b[k] then return false end
+    b[k] = undef
+  end
+  return next(b) == nil
+end
+
+local s = Set{1,3,5}
+assert(s == Set{3,5,1})
+assert(not rawequal(s, Set{3,5,1}))
+assert(rawequal(s, s))
+assert(Set{1,3,5,1} == rawSet{3,5,1})
+assert(rawSet{1,3,5,1} == Set{3,5,1})
+assert(Set{1,3,5} ~= Set{3,5,1,6})
+
+-- '__eq' is not used for table accesses
+t[Set{1,3,5}] = 1
+assert(t[Set{1,3,5}] == undef)
+
+
+do   -- test invalidating flags
+  local mt = {__eq = true}
+  local a = setmetatable({10}, mt)
+  local b = setmetatable({10}, mt)
+  mt.__eq = nil
+  assert(a ~= b)   -- no metamethod
+  mt.__eq = function (x,y) return x[1] == y[1] end
+  assert(a == b)   -- must use metamethod now
+end
+
+
+if not T then
+  (Message or print)('\n >>> testC not active: skipping tests for \z
+userdata <<<\n')
+else
+  local u1 = T.newuserdata(0, 1)
+  local u2 = T.newuserdata(0, 1)
+  local u3 = T.newuserdata(0, 1)
+  assert(u1 ~= u2 and u1 ~= u3)
+  debug.setuservalue(u1, 1);
+  debug.setuservalue(u2, 2);
+  debug.setuservalue(u3, 1);
+  debug.setmetatable(u1, {__eq = function (a, b)
+    return debug.getuservalue(a) == debug.getuservalue(b)
+  end})
+  debug.setmetatable(u2, {__eq = function (a, b)
+    return true
+  end})
+  assert(u1 == u3 and u3 == u1 and u1 ~= u2)
+  assert(u2 == u1 and u2 == u3 and u3 == u2)
+  assert(u2 ~= {})   -- different types cannot be equal
+  assert(rawequal(u1, u1) and not rawequal(u1, u3))
+
+  local mirror = {}
+  debug.setmetatable(u3, {__index = mirror, __newindex = mirror})
+  for i = 1, 10 do u3[i] = i end
+  for i = 1, 10 do assert(u3[i] == i) end
+end
+
+
+t.__concat = function (a,b,c)
+  assert(c == nil)
+  if type(a) == 'table' then a = a.val end
+  if type(b) == 'table' then b = b.val end
+  if A then return a..b
+  else
+    return setmetatable({val=a..b}, t)
+  end
+end
+
+c = {val="c"}; setmetatable(c, t)
+d = {val="d"}; setmetatable(d, t)
+
+A = true
+assert(c..d == 'cd')
+assert(0 .."a".."b"..c..d.."e".."f"..(5+3).."g" == "0abcdef8g")
+
+A = false
+assert((c..d..c..d).val == 'cdcd')
+x = c..d
+assert(getmetatable(x) == t and x.val == 'cd')
+x = 0 .."a".."b"..c..d.."e".."f".."g"
+assert(x.val == "0abcdefg")
+
+
+do
+  -- bug since 5.4.1 (test needs T)
+  local mt = setmetatable({__newindex={}}, {__mode='v'})
+  local t = setmetatable({}, mt)
+
+  if T then T.allocfailnext() end
+
+  -- seg. fault
+  for i=1, 10 do t[i] = 1 end
+end
+
+-- concat metamethod x numbers (bug in 5.1.1)
+c = {}
+local x
+setmetatable(c, {__concat = function (a,b)
+  assert(type(a) == "number" and b == c or type(b) == "number" and a == c)
+  return c
+end})
+assert(c..5 == c and 5 .. c == c)
+assert(4 .. c .. 5 == c and 4 .. 5 .. 6 .. 7 .. c == c)
+
+
+-- test comparison compatibilities
+local t1, t2, c, d
+t1 = {};  c = {}; setmetatable(c, t1)
+d = {}
+t1.__eq = function () return true end
+t1.__lt = function () return true end
+t1.__le = function () return false end
+setmetatable(d, t1)
+assert(c == d and c < d and not(d <= c))
+t2 = {}
+t2.__eq = t1.__eq
+t2.__lt = t1.__lt
+setmetatable(d, t2)
+assert(c == d and c < d and not(d <= c))
+
+
+
+-- test for several levels of calls
+local i
+local tt = {
+  __call = function (t, ...)
+    i = i+1
+    if t.f then return t.f(...)
+    else return {...}
+    end
+  end
+}
+
+local a = setmetatable({}, tt)
+local b = setmetatable({f=a}, tt)
+local c = setmetatable({f=b}, tt)
+
+i = 0
+x = c(3,4,5)
+assert(i == 3 and x[1] == 3 and x[3] == 5)
+
+
+assert(_G.X == 20)
+
+_G.X, _G.B = nil
+
+
+print'+'
+
+local _g = _G
+_ENV = setmetatable({}, {__index=function (_,k) return _g[k] end})
+
+
+a = {}
+rawset(a, "x", 1, 2, 3)
+assert(a.x == 1 and rawget(a, "x", 3) == 1)
+
+print '+'
+
+-- testing metatables for basic types
+mt = {__index = function (a,b) return a+b end,
+      __len = function (x) return math.floor(x) end}
+debug.setmetatable(10, mt)
+assert(getmetatable(-2) == mt)
+assert((10)[3] == 13)
+assert((10)["3"] == 13)
+assert(#3.45 == 3)
+debug.setmetatable(23, nil)
+assert(getmetatable(-2) == nil)
+
+debug.setmetatable(true, mt)
+assert(getmetatable(false) == mt)
+mt.__index = function (a,b) return a or b end
+assert((true)[false] == true)
+assert((false)[false] == false)
+debug.setmetatable(false, nil)
+assert(getmetatable(true) == nil)
+
+debug.setmetatable(nil, mt)
+assert(getmetatable(nil) == mt)
+mt.__add = function (a,b) return (a or 1) + (b or 2) end
+assert(10 + nil == 12)
+assert(nil + 23 == 24)
+assert(nil + nil == 3)
+debug.setmetatable(nil, nil)
+assert(getmetatable(nil) == nil)
+
+debug.setmetatable(nil, {})
+
+
+-- loops in delegation
+a = {}; setmetatable(a, a); a.__index = a; a.__newindex = a
+assert(not pcall(function (a,b) return a[b] end, a, 10))
+assert(not pcall(function (a,b,c) a[b] = c end, a, 10, true))
+
+-- bug in 5.1
+local T, K, V = nil
+grandparent = {}
+grandparent.__newindex = function(t,k,v) T=t; K=k; V=v end
+
+parent = {}
+parent.__newindex = parent
+setmetatable(parent, grandparent)
+
+child = setmetatable({}, parent)
+child.foo = 10      --> CRASH (on some machines)
+assert(T == parent and K == "foo" and V == 10)
+
+print 'OK'
+
+return 12
+
+

testes/gc.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,710 @@
+-- $Id: testes/gc.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+print('testing incremental garbage collection')
+
+local debug = require"debug"
+
+assert(collectgarbage("isrunning"))
+
+collectgarbage()
+
+local oldmode = collectgarbage("incremental")
+
+-- changing modes should return previous mode
+assert(collectgarbage("generational") == "incremental")
+assert(collectgarbage("generational") == "generational")
+assert(collectgarbage("incremental") == "generational")
+assert(collectgarbage("incremental") == "incremental")
+
+
+local function nop () end
+
+local function gcinfo ()
+  return collectgarbage"count" * 1024
+end
+
+
+-- test weird parameters to 'collectgarbage'
+do
+  collectgarbage("incremental")
+  local opause = collectgarbage("param", "pause", 100)
+  local ostepmul = collectgarbage("param", "stepmul", 100)
+  assert(collectgarbage("param", "pause") == 100)
+  assert(collectgarbage("param", "stepmul") == 100)
+  local t = {0, 2, 10, 90, 500, 5000, 30000, 0x7ffffffe}
+  for i = 1, #t do
+    collectgarbage("param", "pause", t[i])
+    for j = 1, #t do
+      collectgarbage("param", "stepmul", t[j])
+      collectgarbage("step", t[j])
+    end
+  end
+  -- restore original parameters
+  collectgarbage("param", "pause", opause)
+  collectgarbage("param", "stepmul", ostepmul)
+  collectgarbage()
+end
+
+
+--
+-- test the "size" of basic GC steps (whatever they mean...)
+--
+do  print("steps")
+
+  local function dosteps (siz)
+    collectgarbage()
+    local a = {}
+    for i=1,100 do a[i] = {{}}; local b = {} end
+    local x = gcinfo()
+    local i = 0
+    repeat   -- do steps until it completes a collection cycle
+      i = i+1
+    until collectgarbage("step", siz)
+    assert(gcinfo() < x)
+    return i    -- number of steps
+  end
+
+
+  if not _port then
+    collectgarbage"stop"
+    assert(dosteps(10) < dosteps(2))
+    collectgarbage"restart"
+  end
+
+end
+
+
+_G["while"] = 234
+
+
+--
+-- tests for GC activation when creating different kinds of objects
+--
+local function GC1 ()
+  local u
+  local b     -- (above 'u' it in the stack)
+  local finish = false
+  u = setmetatable({}, {__gc = function () finish = true end})
+  b = {34}
+  repeat u = {} until finish
+  assert(b[1] == 34)   -- 'u' was collected, but 'b' was not
+
+  finish = false; local i = 1
+  u = setmetatable({}, {__gc = function () finish = true end})
+  repeat i = i + 1; u = tostring(i) .. tostring(i) until finish
+  assert(b[1] == 34)   -- 'u' was collected, but 'b' was not
+
+  finish = false
+  u = setmetatable({}, {__gc = function () finish = true end})
+  repeat local i; u = function () return i end until finish
+  assert(b[1] == 34)   -- 'u' was collected, but 'b' was not
+end
+
+local function GC2 ()
+  local u
+  local finish = false
+  u = {setmetatable({}, {__gc = function () finish = true end})}
+  local b = {34}
+  repeat u = {{}} until finish
+  assert(b[1] == 34)   -- 'u' was collected, but 'b' was not
+
+  finish = false; local i = 1
+  u = {setmetatable({}, {__gc = function () finish = true end})}
+  repeat i = i + 1; u = {tostring(i) .. tostring(i)} until finish
+  assert(b[1] == 34)   -- 'u' was collected, but 'b' was not
+
+  finish = false
+  u = {setmetatable({}, {__gc = function () finish = true end})}
+  repeat local i; u = {function () return i end} until finish
+  assert(b[1] == 34)   -- 'u' was collected, but 'b' was not
+end
+
+local function GC()  GC1(); GC2() end
+
+
+do
+  print("creating many objects")
+
+  local limit = 5000
+
+  for i = 1, limit do
+    local a = {}; a = nil
+  end
+
+  local a = "a"
+
+  for i = 1, limit do
+    a = i .. "b";
+    a = string.gsub(a, '(%d%d*)', "%1 %1")
+    a = "a"
+  end
+
+
+
+  a = {}
+
+  function a:test ()
+    for i = 1, limit do
+      load(string.format("function temp(a) return 'a%d' end", i), "")()
+      assert(temp() == string.format('a%d', i))
+    end
+  end
+
+  a:test()
+  _G.temp = nil
+end
+
+
+-- collection of functions without locals, globals, etc.
+do local f = function () end end
+
+
+print("functions with errors")
+local prog = [[
+do
+  a = 10;
+  function foo(x,y)
+    a = sin(a+0.456-0.23e-12);
+    return function (z) return sin(%x+z) end
+  end
+  local x = function (w) a=a+w; end
+end
+]]
+do
+  local step = 1
+  if _soft then step = 13 end
+  for i=1, string.len(prog), step do
+    for j=i, string.len(prog), step do
+      pcall(load(string.sub(prog, i, j), ""))
+    end
+  end
+end
+rawset(_G, "a", nil)
+_G.x = nil
+
+do
+  foo = nil
+  print('long strings')
+  local x = "01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
+  assert(string.len(x)==80)
+  local s = ''
+  local k = math.min(300, (math.maxinteger // 80) // 2)
+  for n = 1, k do s = s..x; local j=tostring(n)  end
+  assert(string.len(s) == k*80)
+  s = string.sub(s, 1, 10000)
+  local s, i = string.gsub(s, '(%d%d%d%d)', '')
+  assert(i==10000 // 4)
+
+  assert(_G["while"] == 234)
+  _G["while"] = nil
+end
+
+
+if not _port then
+  -- test the pace of the collector
+  collectgarbage(); collectgarbage()
+  local x = gcinfo()
+  collectgarbage"stop"
+  repeat
+    local a = {}
+  until gcinfo() > 3 * x
+  collectgarbage"restart"
+  assert(collectgarbage("isrunning"))
+  repeat
+    local a = {}
+  until gcinfo() <= x * 2
+end
+
+
+print("clearing tables")
+local lim = 15
+local a = {}
+-- fill a with `collectable' indices
+for i=1,lim do a[{}] = i end
+b = {}
+for k,v in pairs(a) do b[k]=v end
+-- remove all indices and collect them
+for n in pairs(b) do
+  a[n] = undef
+  assert(type(n) == 'table' and next(n) == nil)
+  collectgarbage()
+end
+b = nil
+collectgarbage()
+for n in pairs(a) do error'cannot be here' end
+for i=1,lim do a[i] = i end
+for i=1,lim do assert(a[i] == i) end
+
+
+print('weak tables')
+a = {}; setmetatable(a, {__mode = 'k'});
+-- fill a with some `collectable' indices
+for i=1,lim do a[{}] = i end
+-- and some non-collectable ones
+for i=1,lim do a[i] = i end
+for i=1,lim do local s=string.rep('@', i); a[s] = s..'#' end
+collectgarbage()
+local i = 0
+for k,v in pairs(a) do assert(k==v or k..'#'==v); i=i+1 end
+assert(i == 2*lim)
+
+a = {}; setmetatable(a, {__mode = 'v'});
+a[1] = string.rep('b', 21)
+collectgarbage()
+assert(a[1])   -- strings are *values*
+a[1] = undef
+-- fill a with some `collectable' values (in both parts of the table)
+for i=1,lim do a[i] = {} end
+for i=1,lim do a[i..'x'] = {} end
+-- and some non-collectable ones
+for i=1,lim do local t={}; a[t]=t end
+for i=1,lim do a[i+lim]=i..'x' end
+collectgarbage()
+local i = 0
+for k,v in pairs(a) do assert(k==v or k-lim..'x' == v); i=i+1 end
+assert(i == 2*lim)
+
+a = {}; setmetatable(a, {__mode = 'kv'});
+local x, y, z = {}, {}, {}
+-- keep only some items
+a[1], a[2], a[3] = x, y, z
+a[string.rep('$', 11)] = string.rep('$', 11)
+-- fill a with some `collectable' values
+for i=4,lim do a[i] = {} end
+for i=1,lim do a[{}] = i end
+for i=1,lim do local t={}; a[t]=t end
+collectgarbage()
+assert(next(a) ~= nil)
+local i = 0
+for k,v in pairs(a) do
+  assert((k == 1 and v == x) or
+         (k == 2 and v == y) or
+         (k == 3 and v == z) or k==v);
+  i = i+1
+end
+assert(i == 4)
+x,y,z=nil
+collectgarbage()
+assert(next(a) == string.rep('$', 11))
+
+do   -- invalid mode
+  local a = setmetatable({}, {__mode = 34})
+  collectgarbage()
+end
+
+
+if T then   -- bug since 5.3: all-weak tables are not being revisited
+  T.gcstate("propagate")
+  local t = setmetatable({}, {__mode = "kv"})
+  T.gcstate("enteratomic")   -- 't' was visited
+  setmetatable(t, {__mode = "kv"})
+  T.gcstate("pause")  -- its new metatable is not being visited
+  assert(getmetatable(t).__mode == "kv")
+end
+
+
+-- 'bug' in 5.1
+a = {}
+local t = {x = 10}
+local C = setmetatable({key = t}, {__mode = 'v'})
+local C1 = setmetatable({[t] = 1}, {__mode = 'k'})
+a.x = t  -- this should not prevent 't' from being removed from
+         -- weak table 'C' by the time 'a' is finalized
+
+setmetatable(a, {__gc = function (u)
+                          assert(C.key == nil)
+                          assert(type(next(C1)) == 'table')
+                          end})
+
+a, t = nil
+collectgarbage()
+collectgarbage()
+assert(next(C) == nil and next(C1) == nil)
+C, C1 = nil
+
+
+-- ephemerons
+local mt = {__mode = 'k'}
+a = {{10},{20},{30},{40}}; setmetatable(a, mt)
+x = nil
+for i = 1, 100 do local n = {}; a[n] = {k = {x}}; x = n end
+GC()
+local n = x
+local i = 0
+while n do n = a[n].k[1]; i = i + 1 end
+assert(i == 100)
+x = nil
+GC()
+for i = 1, 4 do assert(a[i][1] == i * 10); a[i] = undef end
+assert(next(a) == nil)
+
+local K = {}
+a[K] = {}
+for i=1,10 do a[K][i] = {}; a[a[K][i]] = setmetatable({}, mt) end
+x = nil
+local k = 1
+for j = 1,100 do
+  local n = {}; local nk = k%10 + 1
+  a[a[K][nk]][n] = {x, k = k}; x = n; k = nk
+end
+GC()
+local n = x
+local i = 0
+while n do local t = a[a[K][k]][n]; n = t[1]; k = t.k; i = i + 1 end
+assert(i == 100)
+K = nil
+GC()
+-- assert(next(a) == nil)
+
+
+-- testing errors during GC
+if T then
+  collectgarbage("stop")   -- stop collection
+  local u = {}
+  local s = {}; setmetatable(s, {__mode = 'k'})
+  setmetatable(u, {__gc = function (o)
+    local i = s[o]
+    s[i] = true
+    assert(not s[i - 1])   -- check proper finalization order
+    if i == 8 then error("@expected@") end   -- error during GC
+  end})
+
+  for i = 6, 10 do
+    local n = setmetatable({}, getmetatable(u))
+    s[n] = i
+  end
+
+  warn("@on"); warn("@store")
+  collectgarbage()
+  assert(string.find(_WARN, "error in __gc"))
+  assert(string.match(_WARN, "@(.-)@") == "expected"); _WARN = false
+  for i = 8, 10 do assert(s[i]) end
+
+  for i = 1, 5 do
+    local n = setmetatable({}, getmetatable(u))
+    s[n] = i
+  end
+
+  collectgarbage()
+  for i = 1, 10 do assert(s[i]) end
+
+  getmetatable(u).__gc = nil
+  warn("@normal")
+
+end
+print '+'
+
+
+-- testing userdata
+if T==nil then
+  (Message or print)('\n >>> testC not active: skipping userdata GC tests <<<\n')
+
+else
+
+  local function newproxy(u)
+    return debug.setmetatable(T.newuserdata(0), debug.getmetatable(u))
+  end
+
+  collectgarbage("stop")   -- stop collection
+  local u = newproxy(nil)
+  debug.setmetatable(u, {__gc = true})
+  local s = 0
+  local a = {[u] = 0}; setmetatable(a, {__mode = 'vk'})
+  for i=1,10 do a[newproxy(u)] = i end
+  for k in pairs(a) do assert(getmetatable(k) == getmetatable(u)) end
+  local a1 = {}; for k,v in pairs(a) do a1[k] = v end
+  for k,v in pairs(a1) do a[v] = k end
+  for i =1,10 do assert(a[i]) end
+  getmetatable(u).a = a1
+  getmetatable(u).u = u
+  do
+    local u = u
+    getmetatable(u).__gc = function (o)
+      assert(a[o] == 10-s)
+      assert(a[10-s] == undef) -- udata already removed from weak table
+      assert(getmetatable(o) == getmetatable(u))
+    assert(getmetatable(o).a[o] == 10-s)
+      s=s+1
+    end
+  end
+  a1, u = nil
+  assert(next(a) ~= nil)
+  collectgarbage()
+  assert(s==11)
+  collectgarbage()
+  assert(next(a) == nil)  -- finalized keys are removed in two cycles
+end
+
+
+-- __gc x weak tables
+local u = setmetatable({}, {__gc = true})
+-- __gc metamethod should be collected before running
+setmetatable(getmetatable(u), {__mode = "v"})
+getmetatable(u).__gc = function (o) os.exit(1) end  -- cannot happen
+u = nil
+collectgarbage()
+
+local u = setmetatable({}, {__gc = true})
+local m = getmetatable(u)
+m.x = {[{0}] = 1; [0] = {1}}; setmetatable(m.x, {__mode = "kv"});
+m.__gc = function (o)
+  assert(next(getmetatable(o).x) == nil)
+  m = 10
+end
+u, m = nil
+collectgarbage()
+assert(m==10)
+
+do   -- tests for string keys in weak tables
+  collectgarbage(); collectgarbage()
+  local m = collectgarbage("count")         -- current memory
+  local a = setmetatable({}, {__mode = "kv"})
+  a[string.rep("a", 2^22)] = 25   -- long string key -> number value
+  a[string.rep("b", 2^22)] = {}   -- long string key -> collectable value
+  a[{}] = 14                     -- collectable key
+  collectgarbage()
+  local k, v = next(a)   -- string key with number value preserved
+  assert(k == string.rep("a", 2^22) and v == 25)
+  assert(next(a, k) == nil)  -- everything else cleared
+  assert(a[string.rep("b", 2^22)] == undef)
+  a[k] = undef        -- erase this last entry
+  k = nil
+  collectgarbage()
+  assert(next(a) == nil)
+  -- make sure will not try to compare with dead key
+  assert(a[string.rep("b", 100)] == undef)
+  assert(collectgarbage("count") <= m + 1)   -- everything collected
+end
+
+
+-- errors during collection
+if T then
+  warn("@store")
+  u = setmetatable({}, {__gc = function () error "@expected error" end})
+  u = nil
+  collectgarbage()
+  assert(string.find(_WARN, "@expected error")); _WARN = false
+  warn("@normal")
+end
+
+
+if not _soft then
+  print("long list")
+  local a = {}
+  for i = 1,200000 do
+    a = {next = a}
+  end
+  a = nil
+  collectgarbage()
+end
+
+-- create many threads with self-references and open upvalues
+print("self-referenced threads")
+local thread_id = 0
+local threads = {}
+
+local function fn (thread)
+    local x = {}
+    threads[thread_id] = function()
+                             thread = x
+                         end
+    coroutine.yield()
+end
+
+while thread_id < 1000 do
+    local thread = coroutine.create(fn)
+    coroutine.resume(thread, thread)
+    thread_id = thread_id + 1
+end
+
+
+-- Create a closure (function inside 'f') with an upvalue ('param') that
+-- points (through a table) to the closure itself and to the thread
+-- ('co' and the initial value of 'param') where closure is running.
+-- Then, assert that table (and therefore everything else) will be
+-- collected.
+do
+  local collected = false   -- to detect collection
+  collectgarbage(); collectgarbage("stop")
+  do
+    local function f (param)
+      ;(function ()
+        assert(type(f) == 'function' and type(param) == 'thread')
+        param = {param, f}
+        setmetatable(param, {__gc = function () collected = true end})
+        coroutine.yield(100)
+      end)()
+    end
+    local co = coroutine.create(f)
+    assert(coroutine.resume(co, co))
+  end
+  -- Now, thread and closure are not reachable any more.
+  collectgarbage()
+  assert(collected)
+  collectgarbage("restart")
+end
+
+
+do
+  collectgarbage()
+  collectgarbage"stop"
+  collectgarbage("step")   -- steps should not unblock the collector
+  local x = gcinfo()
+  repeat
+    for i=1,1000 do _ENV.a = {} end   -- no collection during the loop
+  until gcinfo() > 2 * x
+  collectgarbage"restart"
+  _ENV.a = nil
+end
+
+
+if T then   -- tests for weird cases collecting upvalues
+
+  local function foo ()
+    local a = {x = 20}
+    coroutine.yield(function () return a.x end)  -- will run collector
+    assert(a.x == 20)   -- 'a' is 'ok'
+    a = {x = 30}   -- create a new object
+    assert(T.gccolor(a) == "white")   -- of course it is new...
+    coroutine.yield(100)   -- 'a' is still local to this thread
+  end
+
+  local t = setmetatable({}, {__mode = "kv"})
+  collectgarbage(); collectgarbage('stop')
+  -- create coroutine in a weak table, so it will never be marked
+  t.co = coroutine.wrap(foo)
+  local f = t.co()   -- create function to access local 'a'
+  T.gcstate("enteratomic")   -- ensure all objects are traversed
+  assert(T.gcstate() == "enteratomic")
+  assert(t.co() == 100)   -- resume coroutine, creating new table for 'a'
+  assert(T.gccolor(t.co) == "white")  -- thread was not traversed
+  T.gcstate("pause")   -- collect thread, but should mark 'a' before that
+  assert(t.co == nil and f() == 30)   -- ensure correct access to 'a'
+
+  collectgarbage("restart")
+
+  -- test barrier in sweep phase (backing userdata to gray)
+  local u = T.newuserdata(0, 1)   -- create a userdata
+  collectgarbage()
+  collectgarbage"stop"
+  local a = {}     -- avoid 'u' as first element in 'allgc'
+  T.gcstate"enteratomic"
+  T.gcstate"sweepallgc"
+  local x = {}
+  assert(T.gccolor(u) == "black")   -- userdata is "old" (black)
+  assert(T.gccolor(x) == "white")   -- table is "new" (white)
+  debug.setuservalue(u, x)          -- trigger barrier
+  assert(T.gccolor(u) == "gray")   -- userdata changed back to gray
+  collectgarbage"restart"
+
+  print"+"
+end
+
+
+if T then
+  local debug = require "debug"
+  collectgarbage("stop")
+  local x = T.newuserdata(0)
+  local y = T.newuserdata(0)
+  debug.setmetatable(y, {__gc = nop})   -- bless the new udata before...
+  debug.setmetatable(x, {__gc = nop})   -- ...the old one
+  assert(T.gccolor(y) == "white")
+  T.checkmemory()
+  collectgarbage("restart")
+end
+
+
+if T then
+  collectgarbage("stop")
+  T.gcstate("pause")
+  local sup = {x = 0}
+  local a = setmetatable({}, {__newindex = sup})
+  T.gcstate("enteratomic")
+  assert(T.gccolor(sup) == "black")
+  a.x = {}   -- should not break the invariant
+  assert(not (T.gccolor(sup) == "black" and T.gccolor(sup.x) == "white"))
+  T.gcstate("pause")  -- complete the GC cycle
+  sup.x.y = 10
+  collectgarbage("restart")
+end
+
+
+if T then
+  print("emergency collections")
+  collectgarbage()
+  collectgarbage()
+  T.totalmem(T.totalmem() + 200)
+  for i=1,200 do local a = {} end
+  T.totalmem(0)
+  collectgarbage()
+  local t = T.totalmem("table")
+  local a = {{}, {}, {}}   -- create 4 new tables
+  assert(T.totalmem("table") == t + 4)
+  t = T.totalmem("function")
+  a = function () end   -- create 1 new closure
+  assert(T.totalmem("function") == t + 1)
+  t = T.totalmem("thread")
+  a = coroutine.create(function () end)   -- create 1 new coroutine
+  assert(T.totalmem("thread") == t + 1)
+end
+
+
+-- create an object to be collected when state is closed
+do
+  local setmetatable,assert,type,print,getmetatable =
+        setmetatable,assert,type,print,getmetatable
+  local tt = {}
+  tt.__gc = function (o)
+    assert(getmetatable(o) == tt)
+    -- create new objects during GC
+    local a = 'xuxu'..(10+3)..'joao', {}
+    ___Glob = o  -- resurrect object!
+    setmetatable({}, tt)  -- creates a new one with same metatable
+    print(">>> closing state " .. "<<<\n")
+  end
+  local u = setmetatable({}, tt)
+  ___Glob = {u}   -- avoid object being collected before program end
+end
+
+-- create several objects to raise errors when collected while closing state
+if T then
+  local error, assert, find, warn = error, assert, string.find, warn
+  local n = 0
+  local lastmsg
+  local mt = {__gc = function (o)
+    n = n + 1
+    assert(n == o[1])
+    if n == 1 then
+      _WARN = false
+    elseif n == 2 then
+      assert(find(_WARN, "@expected warning"))
+      lastmsg = _WARN    -- get message from previous error (first 'o')
+    else
+      assert(lastmsg == _WARN)  -- subsequent error messages are equal
+    end
+    warn("@store"); _WARN = false
+    error"@expected warning"
+  end}
+  for i = 10, 1, -1 do
+    -- create object and preserve it until the end
+    table.insert(___Glob, setmetatable({i}, mt))
+  end
+end
+
+-- just to make sure
+assert(collectgarbage'isrunning')
+
+do    -- check that the collector is not reentrant in incremental mode
+  local res = true
+  setmetatable({}, {__gc = function ()
+    res = collectgarbage()
+  end})
+  collectgarbage()
+  assert(not res)
+end
+
+
+collectgarbage(oldmode)
+
+print('OK')

testes/gengc.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+-- $Id: testes/gengc.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+print('testing generational garbage collection')
+
+local debug = require"debug"
+
+assert(collectgarbage("isrunning"))
+
+collectgarbage()
+
+local oldmode = collectgarbage("generational")
+
+
+-- ensure that table barrier evolves correctly
+do
+  local U = {}
+  -- full collection makes 'U' old
+  collectgarbage()
+  assert(not T or T.gcage(U) == "old")
+
+  -- U refers to a new table, so it becomes 'touched1'
+  U[1] = {x = {234}}
+  assert(not T or (T.gcage(U) == "touched1" and T.gcage(U[1]) == "new"))
+
+  -- both U and the table survive one more collection
+  collectgarbage("step")
+  assert(not T or (T.gcage(U) == "touched2" and T.gcage(U[1]) == "survival"))
+
+  -- both U and the table survive yet another collection
+  -- now everything is old
+  collectgarbage("step")
+  assert(not T or (T.gcage(U) == "old" and T.gcage(U[1]) == "old1"))
+
+  -- data was not corrupted
+  assert(U[1].x[1] == 234)
+end
+
+
+do
+  -- ensure that 'firstold1' is corrected when object is removed from
+  -- the 'allgc' list
+  local function foo () end
+  local old = {10}
+  collectgarbage()    -- make 'old' old
+  assert(not T or T.gcage(old) == "old")
+  setmetatable(old, {})    -- new table becomes OLD0 (barrier)
+  assert(not T or T.gcage(getmetatable(old)) == "old0")
+  collectgarbage("step")   -- new table becomes OLD1 and firstold1
+  assert(not T or T.gcage(getmetatable(old)) == "old1")
+  setmetatable(getmetatable(old), {__gc = foo})  -- get it out of allgc list
+  collectgarbage("step")   -- should not seg. fault
+end
+
+
+do   -- bug in 5.4.0
+-- When an object aged OLD1 is finalized, it is moved from the list
+-- 'finobj' to the *beginning* of the list 'allgc', but that part of the
+-- list was not being visited by 'markold'.
+  local A = {}
+  A[1] = false     -- old anchor for object
+
+  -- obj finalizer
+  local function gcf (obj)
+    A[1] = obj     -- anchor object
+    assert(not T or T.gcage(obj) == "old1")
+    obj = nil      -- remove it from the stack
+    collectgarbage("step")   -- do a young collection
+    print(getmetatable(A[1]).x)   -- metatable was collected
+  end
+
+  collectgarbage()   -- make A old
+  local obj = {}     -- create a new object
+  collectgarbage("step")   -- make it a survival
+  assert(not T or T.gcage(obj) == "survival")
+  setmetatable(obj, {__gc = gcf, x = "+"})   -- create its metatable
+  assert(not T or T.gcage(getmetatable(obj)) == "new")
+  obj = nil   -- clear object
+  collectgarbage("step")   -- will call obj's finalizer
+end
+
+
+do   -- another bug in 5.4.0
+  local old = {10}
+  collectgarbage()   -- make 'old' old
+  local co = coroutine.create(
+    function ()
+      local x = nil
+      local f = function ()
+                  return x[1]
+                end
+      x = coroutine.yield(f)
+      coroutine.yield()
+    end
+  )
+  local _, f = coroutine.resume(co)   -- create closure over 'x' in coroutine
+  collectgarbage("step")   -- make upvalue a survival
+  old[1] = {"hello"}    -- 'old' go to grayagain as 'touched1'
+  coroutine.resume(co, {123})     -- its value will be new
+  co = nil
+  collectgarbage("step")   -- hit the barrier
+  assert(f() == 123 and old[1][1] == "hello")
+  collectgarbage("step")   -- run the collector once more
+  -- make sure old[1] was not collected
+  assert(f() == 123 and old[1][1] == "hello")
+end
+
+
+do   -- bug introduced in commit 9cf3299fa
+  local t = setmetatable({}, {__mode = "kv"})   -- all-weak table
+  collectgarbage()   -- full collection
+  assert(not T or T.gcage(t) == "old")
+  t[1] = {10}
+  assert(not T or (T.gcage(t) == "touched1" and T.gccolor(t) == "gray"))
+  collectgarbage("step")   -- minor collection
+  assert(not T or (T.gcage(t) == "touched2" and T.gccolor(t) == "black"))
+  collectgarbage("step")   -- minor collection
+  assert(not T or T.gcage(t) == "old")   -- t should be black, but it was gray
+  t[1] = {10}      -- no barrier here, so t was still old
+  collectgarbage("step")   -- minor collection
+  -- t, being old, is ignored by the collection, so it is not cleared
+  assert(t[1] == nil)   -- fails with the bug
+end
+
+
+if T == nil then
+  (Message or print)('\n >>> testC not active: \z
+                             skipping some generational tests <<<\n')
+  print 'OK'
+  return
+end
+
+
+-- ensure that userdata barrier evolves correctly
+do
+  local U = T.newuserdata(0, 1)
+  -- full collection makes 'U' old
+  collectgarbage()
+  assert(T.gcage(U) == "old")
+
+  -- U refers to a new table, so it becomes 'touched1'
+  debug.setuservalue(U, {x = {234}})
+  assert(T.gcage(U) == "touched1" and
+         T.gcage(debug.getuservalue(U)) == "new")
+
+  -- both U and the table survive one more collection
+  collectgarbage("step")
+  assert(T.gcage(U) == "touched2" and
+         T.gcage(debug.getuservalue(U)) == "survival")
+
+  -- both U and the table survive yet another collection
+  -- now everything is old
+  collectgarbage("step")
+  assert(T.gcage(U) == "old" and
+         T.gcage(debug.getuservalue(U)) == "old1")
+
+  -- data was not corrupted
+  assert(debug.getuservalue(U).x[1] == 234)
+end
+
+-- just to make sure
+assert(collectgarbage'isrunning')
+
+
+do  print"testing stop-the-world collection"
+  local step = collectgarbage("param", "stepsize", 0);
+  collectgarbage("incremental")
+  assert(collectgarbage("param", "stepsize") == 0)
+
+  -- each step does a complete cycle
+  assert(collectgarbage("step"))
+  assert(collectgarbage("step"))
+
+  -- back to default value
+  collectgarbage("param", "stepsize", step);
+  assert(collectgarbage("param", "stepsize") == step)
+end
+
+
+if T then   -- test GC parameter codification
+  for _, percentage in ipairs{5, 10, 12, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500} do
+    local param = T.codeparam(percentage)   -- codify percentage
+    for _, value in ipairs{1, 2, 10, 100, 257, 1023, 6500, 100000} do
+      local exact = value*percentage // 100
+      local aprox = T.applyparam(param, value)   -- apply percentage
+      -- difference is at most 10% (+1 compensates difference due to
+      -- rounding to integers)
+      assert(math.abs(aprox - exact) <= exact/10 + 1)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+collectgarbage(oldmode)
+
+print('OK')
+

testes/goto.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+-- $Id: testes/goto.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+global<const> require
+global<const> print, load, assert, string, setmetatable
+global<const> collectgarbage, error
+
+print("testing goto and global declarations")
+
+collectgarbage()
+
+local function errmsg (code, m)
+  local st, msg = load(code)
+  assert(not st and string.find(msg, m))
+end
+
+-- cannot see label inside block
+errmsg([[ goto l1; do ::l1:: end ]], "label 'l1'")
+errmsg([[ do ::l1:: end goto l1; ]], "label 'l1'")
+
+-- repeated label
+errmsg([[ ::l1:: ::l1:: ]], "label 'l1'")
+errmsg([[ ::l1:: do ::l1:: end]], "label 'l1'")
+
+
+
+-- jumping over variable declaration
+errmsg([[ goto l1; local aa ::l1:: ::l2:: print(3) ]], "scope of 'aa'")
+
+errmsg([[ goto l2; global *; ::l1:: ::l2:: print(3) ]], "scope of '*'")
+
+errmsg([[
+do local bb, cc; goto l1; end
+local aa
+::l1:: print(3)
+]], "scope of 'aa'")
+
+
+-- jumping into a block
+errmsg([[ do ::l1:: end goto l1 ]], "label 'l1'")
+errmsg([[ goto l1 do ::l1:: end ]], "label 'l1'")
+
+-- cannot continue a repeat-until with variables
+errmsg([[
+  repeat
+    if x then goto cont end
+    local xuxu = 10
+    ::cont::
+  until xuxu < x
+]], "scope of 'xuxu'")
+
+-- simple gotos
+local x
+do
+  local y = 12
+  goto l1
+  ::l2:: x = x + 1; goto l3
+  ::l1:: x = y; goto l2
+end
+::l3:: ::l3_1:: assert(x == 13)
+
+
+-- long labels
+do
+  local prog = [[
+  do
+    local a = 1
+    goto l%sa; a = a + 1
+   ::l%sa:: a = a + 10
+    goto l%sb; a = a + 2
+   ::l%sb:: a = a + 20
+    return a
+  end
+  ]]
+  local label = string.rep("0123456789", 40)
+  prog = string.format(prog, label, label, label, label)
+  assert(assert(load(prog))() == 31)
+end
+
+
+-- ok to jump over local dec. to end of block
+do
+  goto l1
+  local a = 23
+  x = a
+  ::l1::;
+end
+
+while true do
+  goto l4
+  goto l1  -- ok to jump over local dec. to end of block
+  goto l1  -- multiple uses of same label
+  local x = 45
+  ::l1:: ;;;
+end
+::l4:: assert(x == 13)
+
+if print then
+  goto l1   -- ok to jump over local dec. to end of block
+  error("should not be here")
+  goto l2   -- ok to jump over local dec. to end of block
+  local x
+  ::l1:: ; ::l2:: ;;
+else end
+
+-- to repeat a label in a different function is OK
+local function foo ()
+  local a = {}
+  goto l3
+  ::l1:: a[#a + 1] = 1; goto l2;
+  ::l2:: a[#a + 1] = 2; goto l5;
+  ::l3::
+  ::l3a:: a[#a + 1] = 3; goto l1;
+  ::l4:: a[#a + 1] = 4; goto l6;
+  ::l5:: a[#a + 1] = 5; goto l4;
+  ::l6:: assert(a[1] == 3 and a[2] == 1 and a[3] == 2 and
+              a[4] == 5 and a[5] == 4)
+  if not a[6] then a[6] = true; goto l3a end   -- do it twice
+end
+
+::l6:: foo()
+
+
+do   -- bug in 5.2 -> 5.3.2
+  local x
+  ::L1::
+  local y             -- cannot join this SETNIL with previous one
+  assert(y == nil)
+  y = true
+  if x == nil then
+    x = 1
+    goto L1
+  else
+    x = x + 1
+  end
+  assert(x == 2 and y == true)
+end
+
+-- bug in 5.3
+do
+  local first = true
+  local a = false
+  if true then
+    goto LBL
+    ::loop::
+    a = true
+    ::LBL::
+    if first then
+      first = false
+      goto loop
+    end
+  end
+  assert(a)
+end
+
+do   -- compiling infinite loops
+  goto escape   -- do not run the infinite loops
+  ::a:: goto a
+  ::b:: goto c
+  ::c:: goto b
+end
+::escape::
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- testing closing of upvalues
+
+local debug = require 'debug'
+
+local function foo ()
+  local t = {}
+  do
+  local i = 1
+  local a, b, c, d
+  t[1] = function () return a, b, c, d end
+  ::l1::
+  local b
+  do
+    local c
+    t[#t + 1] = function () return a, b, c, d end    -- t[2], t[4], t[6]
+    if i > 2 then goto l2 end
+    do
+      local d
+      t[#t + 1] = function () return a, b, c, d end   -- t[3], t[5]
+      i = i + 1
+      local a
+      goto l1
+    end
+  end
+  end
+  ::l2:: return t
+end
+
+local a = foo()
+assert(#a == 6)
+
+-- all functions share same 'a'
+for i = 2, 6 do
+  assert(debug.upvalueid(a[1], 1) == debug.upvalueid(a[i], 1))
+end
+
+-- 'b' and 'c' are shared among some of them
+for i = 2, 6 do
+  -- only a[1] uses external 'b'/'b'
+  assert(debug.upvalueid(a[1], 2) ~= debug.upvalueid(a[i], 2))
+  assert(debug.upvalueid(a[1], 3) ~= debug.upvalueid(a[i], 3))
+end
+
+for i = 3, 5, 2 do
+  -- inner functions share 'b'/'c' with previous ones
+  assert(debug.upvalueid(a[i], 2) == debug.upvalueid(a[i - 1], 2))
+  assert(debug.upvalueid(a[i], 3) == debug.upvalueid(a[i - 1], 3))
+  -- but not with next ones
+  assert(debug.upvalueid(a[i], 2) ~= debug.upvalueid(a[i + 1], 2))
+  assert(debug.upvalueid(a[i], 3) ~= debug.upvalueid(a[i + 1], 3))
+end
+
+-- only external 'd' is shared
+for i = 2, 6, 2 do
+  assert(debug.upvalueid(a[1], 4) == debug.upvalueid(a[i], 4))
+end
+
+-- internal 'd's are all different
+for i = 3, 5, 2 do
+  for j = 1, 6 do
+    assert((debug.upvalueid(a[i], 4) == debug.upvalueid(a[j], 4))
+      == (i == j))
+  end
+end
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- testing if x goto optimizations
+
+local function testG (a)
+  if a == 1 then
+    goto l1
+    error("should never be here!")
+  elseif a == 2 then goto l2
+  elseif a == 3 then goto l3
+  elseif a == 4 then
+    goto l1  -- go to inside the block
+    error("should never be here!")
+    ::l1:: a = a + 1   -- must go to 'if' end
+  else
+    goto l4
+    ::l4a:: a = a * 2; goto l4b
+    error("should never be here!")
+    ::l4:: goto l4a
+    error("should never be here!")
+    ::l4b::
+  end
+  do return a end
+  ::l2:: do return "2" end
+  ::l3:: do return "3" end
+  ::l1:: return "1"
+end
+
+assert(testG(1) == "1")
+assert(testG(2) == "2")
+assert(testG(3) == "3")
+assert(testG(4) == 5)
+assert(testG(5) == 10)
+
+do   -- test goto's around to-be-closed variable
+
+  global *
+
+  -- set 'var' and return an object that will reset 'var' when
+  -- it goes out of scope
+  local function newobj (var)
+    _ENV[var] = true
+    return setmetatable({}, {__close = function ()
+      _ENV[var] = nil
+    end})
+  end
+
+  goto L1
+
+  ::L4:: assert(not varX); goto L5   -- varX dead here
+
+  ::L1::
+  local varX <close> = newobj("X")
+  assert(varX); goto L2   -- varX alive here
+
+  ::L3::
+  assert(varX); goto L4   -- varX alive here
+
+  ::L2:: assert(varX); goto L3  -- varX alive here
+
+  ::L5::   -- return
+end
+
+
+
+foo()
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- check for compilation errors
+local function checkerr (code, err)
+  local st, msg = load(code)
+  assert(not st and string.find(msg, err))
+end
+
+do
+  global T<const>
+
+  -- globals must be declared, after a global declaration
+  checkerr("global none; X = 1", "variable 'X'")
+  checkerr("global none; function XX() end", "variable 'XX'")
+
+  -- global variables cannot be to-be-closed
+  checkerr("global X<close>", "cannot be")
+  checkerr("global <close> *", "cannot be")
+
+  do
+    local X = 10
+    do global X; X = 20 end
+    assert(X == 10)   -- local X
+  end
+  assert(_ENV.X == 20)  -- global X
+
+  -- '_ENV' cannot be global
+  checkerr("global _ENV, a; a = 10", "variable 'a'")
+
+  -- global declarations inside functions
+  checkerr([[
+    global none
+    local function foo () XXX = 1 end   --< ERROR]], "variable 'XXX'")
+
+  if not T then  -- when not in "test mode", "global" isn't reserved
+    assert(load("global = 1; return global")() == 1)
+    print "  ('global' is not a reserved word)"
+  else
+    -- "global" reserved, cannot be used as a variable
+    assert(not load("global = 1; return global"))
+  end
+
+  local foo = 20
+  do
+    global function foo (x)
+      if x == 0 then return 1 else return 2 * foo(x - 1) end
+    end
+    assert(foo == _ENV.foo and foo(4) == 16)
+  end
+  assert(_ENV.foo(4) == 16)
+  assert(foo == 20)   -- local one is in context here
+
+  do
+    global foo;
+    function foo (x) return end   -- Ok after declaration
+  end
+
+  checkerr([[
+    global<const> foo;
+    function foo (x) return end   -- ERROR: foo is read-only
+  ]], "assign to const variable 'foo'")
+
+  checkerr([[
+    global foo <const>;
+    function foo (x)    -- ERROR: foo is read-only
+      return
+    end
+  ]], "%:2%:")   -- correct line in error message
+
+  checkerr([[
+    global<const> *;
+    print(X)    -- Ok to use
+    Y = 1   -- ERROR
+  ]], "assign to const variable 'Y'")
+
+  checkerr([[
+    global *;
+    Y = X    -- Ok to use
+    global<const> *;
+    Y = 1   -- ERROR
+  ]], "assign to const variable 'Y'")
+
+  global *
+  Y = 10
+  assert(_ENV.Y == 10)
+  global<const> *
+  local x = Y
+  global *
+  Y = x + Y
+  assert(_ENV.Y == 20)
+  Y = nil
+end
+
+
+do   -- Ok to declare hundreds of globals
+  global table
+  local code = {}
+  for i = 1, 1000 do
+    code[#code + 1] = ";global x" .. i
+  end
+  code[#code + 1] = "; return x990"
+  code = table.concat(code)
+  _ENV.x990 = 11
+  assert(load(code)() == 11)
+  _ENV.x990 = nil
+end
+
+do   -- mixing lots of global/local declarations
+  global table
+  local code = {}
+  for i = 1, 200 do
+    code[#code + 1] = ";global x" .. i
+    code[#code + 1] = ";local y" .. i .. "=" .. (2*i)
+  end
+  code[#code + 1] = "; return x200 + y200"
+  code = table.concat(code)
+  _ENV.x200 = 11
+  assert(assert(load(code))() == 2*200 + 11)
+  _ENV.x200 = nil
+end
+
+do  print "testing initialization in global declarations"
+  global<const> a, b, c = 10, 20, 30
+  assert(_ENV.a == 10 and b == 20 and c == 30)
+  _ENV.a = nil; _ENV.b = nil; _ENV.c = nil;
+
+  global<const> a, b, c = 10
+  assert(_ENV.a == 10 and b == nil and c == nil)
+  _ENV.a = nil; _ENV.b = nil; _ENV.c = nil;
+
+  global table
+  global a, b, c, d = table.unpack{1, 2, 3, 6, 5}
+  assert(_ENV.a == 1 and b == 2 and c == 3 and d == 6)
+  a = nil; b = nil; c = nil; d = nil
+
+  local a, b = 100, 200
+  do
+    global a, b = a, b
+  end
+  assert(_ENV.a == 100 and _ENV.b == 200)
+  _ENV.a = nil; _ENV.b = nil
+
+
+  assert(_ENV.a == nil and _ENV.b == nil and _ENV.c == nil and _ENV.d == nil)
+end
+
+do
+  global table, string
+  -- global initialization when names don't fit in K
+
+  -- to fill constant table
+  local code = {}
+  for i = 1, 300 do code[i] = "'" .. i .. "'" end
+  code = table.concat(code, ",")
+  code = string.format([[
+    return function (_ENV)
+      local dummy = {%s}  -- fill initial positions in constant table,
+      -- so that initialization must use registers for global names
+      global a, b, c = 10, 20, 30
+    end]], code)
+
+  local fun = assert(load(code))()
+
+  local env = {}
+  fun(env)
+  assert(env.a == 10 and env.b == 20 and env.c == 30)
+end
+
+
+do  -- testing global redefinitions
+  -- cannot use 'checkerr' as errors are not compile time
+  global pcall
+  local f = assert(load("global print = 10"))
+  local st, msg = pcall(f)
+  assert(string.find(msg, "global 'print' already defined"))
+
+  local f = assert(load("local _ENV = {AA = false}; global AA = 10"))
+  local st, msg = pcall(f)
+  assert(string.find(msg, "global 'AA' already defined"))
+
+end
+
+print'OK'
+

testes/heavy.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+-- $Id: testes/heavy.lua,v $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+global <const> *
+
+local function teststring ()
+  print("creating a string too long")
+  do
+    local a = "x"
+    local st, msg = pcall(function ()
+      while true do
+        a = a .. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a
+         .. a .. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a
+         .. a .. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a
+         .. a .. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a
+         .. a .. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a
+         .. a .. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a
+         .. a .. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a
+         .. a .. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a
+         .. a .. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a
+         .. a .. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a.. a
+         print(string.format("string with %d bytes", #a))
+      end
+    end)
+    assert(not st and
+      (string.find(msg, "string length overflow") or
+       string.find(msg, "not enough memory")))
+    print("string length overflow with " .. #a * 100)
+  end
+  print('+')
+end
+
+local function loadrep (x, what)
+  local p = 1<<20
+  local s = string.rep(x, p)
+  local count = 0
+  local function f()
+    count = count + p
+    if count % (0x80*p) == 0 then
+      io.stderr:write("(", count // 2^20, " M)")
+    end
+    return s
+  end
+  local st, msg = load(f, "=big")
+  print("\nmemory: ", collectgarbage'count' * 1024)
+  msg = string.match(msg, "^[^\n]+")    -- get only first line
+  print(string.format("total: 0x%x %s ('%s')", count, what, msg))
+  return st, msg
+end
+
+
+local function controlstruct ()
+  print("control structure too long")
+  local lim = ((1 << 24) - 2) // 4
+  local s = string.rep("a = a + 1\n", lim)
+  s = "while true do " .. s .. "end"
+  assert(load(s))
+  print("ok with " .. lim .. " lines")
+  lim = lim + 3
+  s = string.rep("a = a + 1\n", lim)
+  s = "while true do " .. s .. "end"
+  local st, msg = load(s)
+  assert(not st and string.find(msg, "too long"))
+  print(msg)
+end
+
+
+local function manylines ()
+  print("loading chunk with too many lines")
+  local st, msg = loadrep("\n", "lines")
+  assert(not st and string.find(msg, "too many lines"))
+  print('+')
+end
+
+
+local function hugeid ()
+  print("loading chunk with huge identifier")
+  local st, msg = loadrep("a", "chars")
+  assert(not st and 
+    (string.find(msg, "lexical element too long") or
+     string.find(msg, "not enough memory")))
+  print('+')
+end
+
+local function toomanyinst ()
+  print("loading chunk with too many instructions")
+  local st, msg = loadrep("a = 10; ", "instructions")
+  print('+')
+end
+
+
+local function loadrepfunc (prefix, f)
+  local count = -1
+  local function aux ()
+    count = count + 1
+    if count == 0 then
+      return prefix
+    else
+      if count % (0x100000) == 0 then
+        io.stderr:write("(", count // 2^20, " M)")
+      end
+      return f(count)
+    end
+  end
+  local st, msg = load(aux, "k")
+  print("\nmemory: ", collectgarbage'count' * 1024)
+  msg = string.match(msg, "^[^\n]+")    -- get only first line
+  print("expected error: ", msg)
+end
+
+
+local function toomanyconst ()
+  print("loading function with too many constants")
+  loadrepfunc("function foo () return {0,",
+      function (n)
+        -- convert 'n' to a string in the format [["...",]],
+        -- where '...' is a kind of number in base 128
+        -- (in a range that does not include either the double quote
+        -- and the escape.)
+        return string.char(34,
+          ((n // 128^0) & 127) + 128,
+          ((n // 128^1) & 127) + 128,
+          ((n // 128^2) & 127) + 128,
+          ((n // 128^3) & 127) + 128,
+          ((n // 128^4) & 127) + 128,
+          34, 44)
+      end)
+end
+
+
+local function toomanystr ()
+  local a = {}
+  local st, msg = pcall(function ()
+    for i = 1, math.huge do
+      if i % (0x100000) == 0 then
+        io.stderr:write("(", i // 2^20, " M)")
+      end
+      a[i] = string.pack("I", i)
+     end
+  end)
+  local size = #a
+  a = collectgarbage'count'
+  print("\nmemory:", a * 1024)
+  print("expected error:", msg)
+  print("size:", size)
+end
+
+
+local function toomanyidx ()
+  local a = {}
+  local st, msg = pcall(function ()
+    for i = 1, math.huge do
+      if i % (0x100000) == 0 then
+        io.stderr:write("(", i // 2^20, " M)")
+      end
+      a[i] = i
+     end
+  end)
+  print("\nmemory: ", collectgarbage'count' * 1024)
+  print("expected error: ", msg)
+  print("size:", #a)
+end
+  
+
+
+-- teststring()
+-- controlstruct()
+-- manylines()
+-- hugeid()
+-- toomanyinst()
+-- toomanyconst()
+-- toomanystr()
+toomanyidx()
+
+print "OK"

testes/libs/P1/dummy

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# This is a dummy file just to make git keep the otherwise empty
+# directory 'P1' in the repository.

testes/libs/lib1.c

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+static int id (lua_State *L) {
+  return lua_gettop(L);
+}
+
+
+static const struct luaL_Reg funcs[] = {
+  {"id", id},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/* function used by lib11.c */
+LUAMOD_API int lib1_export (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushstring(L, "exported");
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int onefunction (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkversion(L);
+  lua_settop(L, 2);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+  return 2;
+}
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int anotherfunc (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkversion(L);
+  lua_pushfstring(L, "%d%%%d\n", (int)lua_tointeger(L, 1),
+                                 (int)lua_tointeger(L, 2));
+  return 1;
+} 
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_lib1_sub (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_setglobal(L, "y");  /* 2nd arg: extra value (file name) */
+  lua_setglobal(L, "x");  /* 1st arg: module name */
+  luaL_newlib(L, funcs);
+  return 1;
+}
+

testes/libs/lib11.c

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "lua.h"
+
+/* function from lib1.c */
+LUAMOD_API int lib1_export (lua_State *L);
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_lib11 (lua_State *L) {
+  return lib1_export(L);
+}
+
+

testes/libs/lib2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+static int id (lua_State *L) {
+  return lua_gettop(L);
+}
+
+
+static const struct luaL_Reg funcs[] = {
+  {"id", id},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_lib2 (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_settop(L, 2);
+  lua_setglobal(L, "y");  /* y gets 2nd parameter */
+  lua_setglobal(L, "x");  /* x gets 1st parameter */
+  luaL_newlib(L, funcs);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+

testes/libs/lib21.c

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+int luaopen_lib2 (lua_State *L);
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_lib21 (lua_State *L) {
+  return luaopen_lib2(L);
+}
+
+

testes/libs/lib22.c

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/* implementation for lib2-v2 */
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+static int id (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+  lua_insert(L, 1);
+  return lua_gettop(L);
+}
+
+
+struct STR {
+  void *ud;
+  lua_Alloc allocf;
+};
+
+
+static void *t_freestr (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+  struct STR *blk = (struct STR*)ptr - 1;
+  blk->allocf(blk->ud, blk, sizeof(struct STR) + osize, 0);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static int newstr (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *str = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+  void *ud;
+  lua_Alloc allocf = lua_getallocf(L, &ud);
+  struct STR *blk = (struct STR*)allocf(ud, NULL, 0,
+                                        len + 1 + sizeof(struct STR));
+  if (blk == NULL) {  /* allocation error? */
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "not enough memory");
+    lua_error(L);  /* raise a memory error */
+  }
+  blk->ud = ud;  blk->allocf = allocf;
+  memcpy(blk + 1, str, len + 1);
+  lua_pushexternalstring(L, (char *)(blk + 1), len, t_freestr, L);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create an external string and keep it in the registry, so that it
+** will test that the library code is still available (to deallocate
+** this string) when closing the state.
+*/
+static void initstr (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, newstr);
+  lua_pushstring(L,
+     "012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789");
+  lua_call(L, 1, 1);  /* call newstr("0123...") */
+  luaL_ref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);  /* keep string in the registry */
+}
+
+
+static const struct luaL_Reg funcs[] = {
+  {"id", id},
+  {"newstr", newstr},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_lib2 (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_settop(L, 2);
+  lua_setglobal(L, "y");  /* y gets 2nd parameter */
+  lua_setglobal(L, "x");  /* x gets 1st parameter */
+  initstr(L);
+  luaL_newlib(L, funcs);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+

testes/libs/makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# change this variable to point to the directory with Lua headers
+# of the version being tested
+LUA_DIR = ../../
+
+CC = gcc
+
+# compilation should generate Dynamic-Link Libraries
+CFLAGS = -Wall -O2 -I$(LUA_DIR) -fPIC -shared
+
+# libraries used by the tests
+all: lib1.so lib11.so lib2.so lib21.so lib2-v2.so
+	touch all
+
+lib1.so: lib1.c $(LUA_DIR)/luaconf.h $(LUA_DIR)/lua.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o lib1.so lib1.c
+
+lib11.so: lib11.c $(LUA_DIR)/luaconf.h $(LUA_DIR)/lua.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o lib11.so lib11.c
+
+lib2.so: lib2.c $(LUA_DIR)/luaconf.h $(LUA_DIR)/lua.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o lib2.so lib2.c
+
+lib21.so: lib21.c $(LUA_DIR)/luaconf.h $(LUA_DIR)/lua.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o lib21.so lib21.c
+
+lib2-v2.so: lib21.c $(LUA_DIR)/luaconf.h $(LUA_DIR)/lua.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o lib2-v2.so lib22.c

testes/literals.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+-- $Id: testes/literals.lua $
+-- See Copyright Notice in file lua.h
+
+print('testing scanner')
+
+global <const> *
+
+local debug = require "debug"
+
+
+local function dostring (x) return assert(load(x), "")() end
+
+dostring("x \v\f = \t\r 'a\0a' \v\f\f")
+assert(x == 'a\0a' and string.len(x) == 3)
+_G.x = nil
+
+-- escape sequences
+assert('\n\"\'\\' == [[
+
+"'\]])
+
+assert(string.find("\a\b\f\n\r\t\v", "^%c%c%c%c%c%c%c$"))
+
+-- assume ASCII just for tests:
+assert("\09912" == 'c12')
+assert("\99ab" == 'cab')
+assert("\099" == '\99')
+assert("\099\n" == 'c\10')
+assert('\0\0\0alo' == '\0' .. '\0\0' .. 'alo')
+
+assert(010 .. 020 .. -030 == "1020-30")
+
+-- hexadecimal escapes
+assert("\x00\x05\x10\x1f\x3C\xfF\xe8" == "\0\5\16\31\60\255\232")
+
+local function lexstring (x, y, n)
+  local f = assert(load('return ' .. x ..
+            ', require"debug".getinfo(1).currentline', ''))
+  local s, l = f()
+  assert(s == y and l == n)
+end
+
+lexstring("'abc\\z  \n   efg'", "abcefg", 2)
+lexstring("'abc\\z  \n\n\n'", "abc", 4)
+lexstring("'\\z  \n\t\f\v\n'",  "", 3)
+lexstring("[[\nalo\nalo\n\n]]", "alo\nalo\n\n", 5)
+lexstring("[[\nalo\ralo\n\n]]", "alo\nalo\n\n", 5)
+lexstring("[[\nalo\ralo\r\n]]", "alo\nalo\n", 4)
+lexstring("[[\ralo\n\ralo\r\n]]", "alo\nalo\n", 4)
+lexstring("[[alo]\n]alo]]", "alo]\n]alo", 2)
+
+assert("abc\z
+        def\z
+        ghi\z
+       " == 'abcdefghi')
+
+
+-- UTF-8 sequences
+assert("\u{0}\u{00000000}\x00\0" == string.char(0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+-- limits for 1-byte sequences
+assert("\u{0}\u{7F}" == "\x00\x7F")
+
+-- limits for 2-byte sequences
+assert("\u{80}\u{7FF}" == "\xC2\x80\xDF\xBF")
+
+-- limits for 3-byte sequences
+assert("\u{800}\u{FFFF}" ==   "\xE0\xA0\x80\xEF\xBF\xBF")
+
+-- limits for 4-byte sequences
+assert("\u{10000}\u{1FFFFF}" == "\xF0\x90\x80\x80\xF7\xBF\xBF\xBF")
+
+-- limits for 5-byte sequences
+assert("\u{200000}\u{3FFFFFF}" == "\xF8\x88\x80\x80\x80\xFB\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF")
+
+-- limits for 6-byte sequences
+assert("\u{4000000}\u{7FFFFFFF}" ==
+       "\xFC\x84\x80\x80\x80\x80\xFD\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF")
+
+
+-- Error in escape sequences
+local function lexerror (s, err)
+  local st, msg = load('return ' .. s, '')
+  if err ~= '<eof>' then err = err .. "'" end
+  assert(not st and string.find(msg, "near .-" .. err))
+end
+
+lexerror([["abc\x"]], [[\x"]])
+lexerror([["abc\x]], [[\x]])
+lexerror([["\x]], [[\x]])
+lexerror([["\x5"]], [[\x5"]])
+lexerror([["\x5]], [[\x5]])
+lexerror([["\xr"]], [[\xr]])
+lexerror([["\xr]], [[\xr]])
+lexerror([["\x.]], [[\x.]])
+lexerror([["\x8%"]], [[\x8%%]])
+lexerror([["\xAG]], [[\xAG]])
+lexerror([["\g"]], [[\g]])
+lexerror([["\g]], [[\g]])
+lexerror([["\."]], [[\%.]])
+
+lexerror([["\999"]], [[\999"]])
+lexerror([["xyz\300"]], [[\300"]])
+lexerror([["   \256"]], [[\256"]])
+
+-- errors in UTF-8 sequences
+lexerror([["abc\u{100000000}"]], [[abc\u{100000000]])   -- too large
+lexerror([["abc\u11r"]], [[abc\u1]])    -- missing '{'
+lexerror([["abc\u"]], [[abc\u"]])    -- missing '{'
+lexerror([["abc\u{11r"]], [[abc\u{11r]])    -- missing '}'
+lexerror([["abc\u{11"]], [[abc\u{11"]])    -- missing '}'
+lexerror([["abc\u{11]], [[abc\u{11]])    -- missing '}'
+lexerror([["abc\u{r"]], [[abc\u{r]])     -- no digits
+
+-- unfinished strings
+lexerror("[=[alo]]", "<eof>")
+lexerror("[=[alo]=", "<eof>")
+lexerror("[=[alo]", "<eof>")
+lexerror("'alo", "<eof>")
+lexerror("'alo \\z  \n\n", "<eof>")
+lexerror("'alo \\z", "<eof>")
+lexerror([['alo \98]], "<eof>")
+
+-- valid characters in variable names
+for i = 0, 255 do
+  local s = string.char(i)
+  assert(not string.find(s, "[a-zA-Z_]") == not load(s .. "=1", ""))
+  assert(not string.find(s, "[a-zA-Z_0-9]") ==
+         not load("a" .. s .. "1 = 1", ""))
+end
+
+
+-- long variable names
+
+local var1 = string.rep('a', 15000) .. '1'
+local var2 = string.rep('a', 15000) .. '2'
+local prog = string.format([[
+  %s = 5
+  %s = %s + 1
+  return function () return %s - %s end
+]], var1, var2, var1, var1, var2)
+local f = dostring(prog)
+assert(_G[var1] == 5 and _G[var2] == 6 and f() == -1)
+_G[var1], _G[var2] = nil
+print('+')
+
+-- escapes --
+assert("\n\t" == [[
+
+	]])
+assert([[
+
+ $debug]] == "\n $debug")
+assert([[ [ ]] ~= [[ ] ]])
+-- long strings --
+local b = "001234567890123456789012345678901234567891234567890123456789012345678901234567890012345678901234567890123456789012345678912345678901234567890123456789012345678900123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789001234567890123456789012345678901234567891234567890123456789012345678901234567890012345678901234567890123456789012345678912345678901234567890123456789012345678900123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789001234567890123456789012345678901234567891234567890123456789012345678901234567890012345678901234567890123456789012345678912345678901234567890123456789012345678900123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789001234567890123456789012345678901234567891234567890123456789012345678901234567890012345678901234567890123456789012345678912345678901234567890123456789012345678900123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
+assert(string.len(b) == 960)
+prog = [=[
+print('+')
+
+local a1 = [["this is a 'string' with several 'quotes'"]]
+local a2 = "'quotes'"
+
+assert(string.find(a1, a2) == 34)
+print('+')
+
+a1 = [==[temp = [[an arbitrary value]]; ]==]
+assert(load(a1))()
+assert(temp == 'an arbitrary value')
+_G.temp = nil
+-- long strings --
+local b = "001234567890123456789012345678901234567891234567890123456789012345678901234567890012345678901234567890123456789012345678912345678901234567890123456789012345678900123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789001234567890123456789012345678901234567891234567890123456789012345678901234567890012345678901234567890123456789012345678912345678901234567890123456789012345678900123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789001234567890123456789012345678901234567891234567890123456789012345678901234567890012345678901234567890123456789012345678912345678901234567890123456789012345678900123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789001234567890123456789012345678901234567891234567890123456789012345678901234567890012345678901234567890123456789012345678912345678901234567890123456789012345678900123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
+assert(string.len(b) == 960)
+print('+')
+
+local a = [[00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+00123456789012345678901234567890123456789123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+]]
+assert(string.len(a) == 1863)
+assert(string.sub(a, 1, 40) == string.sub(b, 1, 40))
+x = 1
+]=]
+
+print('+')
+_G.x = nil
+dostring(prog)
+assert(x)
+_G.x = nil
+
+
+
+do  -- reuse of long strings
+
+  -- get the address of a string
+  local function getadd (s) return string.format("%p", s) end
+
+  local s1 <const> = "01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
+  local s2 <const> = "01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
+  local s3 = "01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
+  local function foo() return s1 end
+  local function foo1() return s3 end
+  local function foo2()
+    return "01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
+  end
+  local a1 = getadd(s1)
+  assert(a1 == getadd(s2))
+  assert(a1 == getadd(foo()))
+  assert(a1 == getadd(foo1()))
+  assert(a1 == getadd(foo2()))
+
+  local sd = "0123456789" .. "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
+  assert(sd == s1 and getadd(sd) ~= a1)
+end
+
+
+-- testing line ends
+prog = [[
+local a = 1        -- a comment
+local b = 2
+
+
+x = [=[
+hi
+]=]
+y = "\
+hello\r\n\
+"
+return require"debug".getinfo(1).currentline
+]]
+
+for _, n in pairs{"\n", "\r", "\n\r", "\r\n"} do
+  local prog, nn = string.gsub(prog, "\n", n)
+  assert(dostring(prog) == nn)
+  assert(_G.x == "hi\n" and _G.y == "\nhello\r\n\n")
+end
+_G.x, _G.y = nil
+
+
+-- testing comments and strings with long brackets
+local a = [==[]=]==]
+assert(a == "]=")
+
+a = [==[[===[[=[]]=][====[]]===]===]==]
+assert(a == "[===[[=[]]=][====[]]===]===")
+
+a = [====[[===[[=[]]=][====[]]===]===]====]
+assert(a == "[===[[=[]]=][====[]]===]===")
+
+a = [=[]]]]]]]]]=]
+assert(a == "]]]]]]]]")
+
+
+--[===[
+x y z [==[ blu foo
+]==
+]
+]=]==]
+error error]=]===]
+
+-- generate all strings of four of these chars
+local x = {"=", "[", "]", "\n"}
+local len = 4
+local function gen (c, n)
+  if n==0 then coroutine.yield(c)
+  else
+    for _, a in pairs(x) do
+      gen(c..a, n-1)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+for s in coroutine.wrap(function () gen("", len) end) do
+  assert(s == load("return [====[\n"..s.."]====]", "")())
+end
+
+
+-- testing decimal point locale
+if os.setlocale("pt_BR") or os.setlocale("ptb") then
+  assert(tonumber("3,4") == 3.4 and tonumber"3.4" == 3.4)
+  assert(tonumber("  -.4  ") == -0.4)
+  assert(tonumber("  +0x.41  ") == 0X0.41)
+  assert(not load("a = (3,4)"))
+  assert(assert(load("return 3.4"))() == 3.4)
+  assert(assert(load("return .4,3"))() == .4)
+  assert(assert(load("return 4."))() == 4.)
+  assert(assert(load("return 4.+.5"))() == 4.5)
+
+  assert(" 0x.1 " + " 0x,1" + "-0X.1\t" == 0x0.1)
+
+  assert(not tonumber"inf" and not tonumber"NAN")
+
+  assert(assert(load(string.format("return %q", 4.51)))() == 4.51)
+
+  local a,b = load("return 4.5.")
+  assert(string.find(b, "'4%.5%.'"))
+
+  assert(os.setlocale("C"))
+else
+  (Message or print)(
+   '\n >>> pt_BR locale not available: skipping decimal point tests <<<\n')
+end
+
+
+-- testing %q x line ends
+local s = "a string with \r and \n and \r\n and \n\r"
+local c = string.format("return %q", s)
+assert(assert(load(c))() == s)
+
+-- testing errors
+assert(not load"a = 'non-ending string")
+assert(not load"a = 'non-ending string\n'")
+assert(not load"a = '\\345'")
+assert(not load"a = [=x]")
+
+local function malformednum (n, exp)
+  local s, msg = load("return " .. n)
+  assert(not s and string.find(msg, exp))
+end
+
+malformednum("0xe-", "near <eof>")
+malformednum("0xep-p", "malformed number")
+malformednum("1print()", "malformed number")
+
+print('OK')