vk: delay destruction

.github/actions/get-commit-msg/action.yml

@@ -27,24 +27,17 @@ runs:
         echo "$HASH" > /tmp/commit_hash.txt
     - name: Find commit message (PR)
       shell: bash
+      id: checkout_code
       if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
       run: |
-        PR_NUMBER="${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}"
-        # Fetch the head of the PR explicitly to handle forks. Depth 50 ensures we can traverse past recent merge commits.
-        git fetch --depth=50 origin "pull/$PR_NUMBER/head:pr-head"
-
-        COMMIT_HASH=$(git log -1 --no-merges pr-head --format=%H)
-        AUTHOR_NAME=$(git log -1 --no-merges pr-head --format=%an)
-        AUTHOR_EMAIL=$(git log -1 --no-merges pr-head --format=%ae)
-        TSTAMP=$(git log -1 --no-merges pr-head --format=%aI)
-        COMMIT_MESSAGE=$(git log -1 --no-merges pr-head --format=%B)
-
-        echo "commit $COMMIT_HASH" > /tmp/commit_msg.txt
-        echo "Author: ${AUTHOR_NAME}<${AUTHOR_EMAIL}>" >> /tmp/commit_msg.txt
-        echo "Date: ${TSTAMP}" >> /tmp/commit_msg.txt
-        echo "" >> /tmp/commit_msg.txt
-        echo "$COMMIT_MESSAGE" >> /tmp/commit_msg.txt
-        echo "$COMMIT_HASH" > /tmp/commit_hash.txt
+        BEFORE_HASH=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+        echo "hash=$BEFORE_HASH" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        # Next we will checkout the actual head (not the merge commits) of the PR
+        AFTER_HASH="${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}"
+        git checkout $AFTER_HASH
+        COMMIT_MESSAGE=$(git log -1 --no-merges)
+        echo "$COMMIT_MESSAGE" > /tmp/commit_msg.txt
+        echo "$AFTER_HASH" > /tmp/commit_hash.txt
     - shell: bash
       id: action_output
       run: |
@@ -54,4 +47,9 @@ runs:
         cat /tmp/commit_msg.txt >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
         echo "$DELIMITER" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
         # Get the commit hash
-        echo "hash=$(cat /tmp/commit_hash.txt)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        echo "hash=$(cat /tmp/commit_hash.txt)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+    - name: Cleanup Find commit message (PR)
+      shell: bash
+      if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+      run: |
+        git checkout ${{ steps.checkout_code.outputs.hash }}

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -188,54 +188,6 @@ jobs:
             const globber = await glob.create(['out/*.aar', 'out/*.apk', 'out/*.tgz'].join('\n'));
             await upload({ github, context }, await globber.glob(), TAG);
 
-  sonatype-publish:
-    name: sonatype-publish
-    runs-on: 'ubuntu-24.04-16core'
-    # Depends on the the Android build for the Android binaries.
-    # Depends on the Mac, Linux, and Windows builds for host tools.
-    needs: [build-mac, build-linux, build-windows, build-android]
-    if: github.event_name == 'release' || github.event.inputs.platform == 'android'
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Decide Git ref
-        id: git_ref
-        run: |
-          REF=${RELEASE_TAG:-${GITHUB_REF}}
-          TAG=${REF##*/}
-          echo "ref=${REF}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo "tag=${TAG}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.6
-        with:
-          ref: ${{ steps.git_ref.outputs.ref }}
-      - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
-        with:
-          distribution: 'temurin'
-          java-version: '17'
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/linux-prereq
-      - name: Download Android Release
-        run: |
-          gh release download ${TAG} \
-            --repo ${{ github.repository }} \
-            --pattern 'filament-*-android-native.tgz'
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          TAG: ${{ steps.git_ref.outputs.tag }}
-      - name: Unzip Android Release
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p out/android-release
-          tar -xzvf filament-${TAG}-android-native.tgz -C out/android-release/
-        env:
-          TAG: ${{ steps.git_ref.outputs.tag }}
-      - name: Publish To Sonatype
-        run: |
-          cd android
-          ./gradlew publishToSonatype closeSonatypeStagingRepository
-        env:
-          ORG_GRADLE_PROJECT_sonatypeUsername: ${{ secrets.SONATYPE_USERNAME }}
-          ORG_GRADLE_PROJECT_sonatypePassword: ${{ secrets.SONATYPE_PASSWORD }}
-          ORG_GRADLE_PROJECT_signingKey: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_SIGNING_KEY }}
-          ORG_GRADLE_PROJECT_signingPassword: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_SIGNING_PASSWORD }}
-
   build-ios:
     name: build-ios
     runs-on: macos-14-xlarge

NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md

@@ -6,3 +6,6 @@
 appropriate header in [RELEASE_NOTES.md](./RELEASE_NOTES.md).
 
 ## Release notes for next branch cut
+
+- engine: fix crash when using variance shadow maps
+- materials: better shadow normal-bias calculations [⚠️ **New Material Version**]

README.md

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ repositories {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.70.1'
+    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.69.4'
 }
 ```
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Here are all the libraries available in the group `com.google.android.filament`:
 iOS projects can use CocoaPods to install the latest release:
 
 ```shell
-pod 'Filament', '~> 1.70.1'
+pod 'Filament', '~> 1.69.4'
 ```
 
 ## Documentation

RELEASE_NOTES.md

@@ -7,14 +7,6 @@ A new header is inserted each time a *tag* is created.
 Instead, if you are authoring a PR for the main branch, add your release note to
 [NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md](./NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md).
 
-## v1.70.1
-
-
-## v1.70.0
-
-- engine: fix crash when using variance shadow maps
-- materials: better shadow normal-bias calculations [⚠️ **New Material Version**]
-
 ## v1.69.5
 
 - engine: fix crash when using variance shadow maps

android/build.gradle

@@ -40,21 +40,15 @@
 //   - Build and upload artifacts with ./gradlew publish
 //   - Close and release staging repo on Nexus with ./gradlew closeAndReleaseStagingRepository
 //
-// The following properties need to be set (either in ~/gradle/gradle.properties, on the command
-// line, or as environment variables, e.g.: ORG_GRADLE_PROJECT_property=value):
+// The following is needed in ~/gradle/gradle.properties:
 //
 //     sonatypeUsername=nexus_user
 //     sonatypePassword=nexus_password
 //
-//     To sign with a key ring file:
 //     signing.keyId=pgp_key_id
 //     signing.password=pgp_key_password
 //     signing.secretKeyRingFile=/Users/user/.gnupg/maven_signing.key
 //
-//     To sign with in-memory keys (useful for CI):,
-//     signingKey=ASCII armored key (begins with -----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----)
-//     signingPassword=key password
-//
 
 buildscript {
     def path = providers
@@ -200,7 +194,7 @@ subprojects {
         google()
     }
 
-    if (!name.startsWith("sample") && name != "filament-tools" && name != "gradle-plugin") {
+    if (!name.startsWith("sample") && name != "filament-tools") {
         apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
 
         android {

android/buildSrc/README.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ configured, the corresponding task will be disabled.
 
 ```groovy
 plugins {
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 filament {

android/buildSrc/build.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+plugins {
+    id 'groovy-gradle-plugin'
+}
+
+gradlePlugin {
+    plugins {
+        create("filament-plugin") {
+            id = "filament-plugin"
+            implementationClass = "com.google.android.filament.gradle.FilamentPlugin"
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+repositories {
+    mavenCentral()
+    gradlePluginPortal()
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation "com.google.gradle:osdetector-gradle-plugin:1.7.3"
+}

android/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/com/google/android/filament/gradle/ToolsLocator.groovy

@@ -60,10 +60,9 @@ class ToolsLocator {
         def classifier =
                 project.extensions.getByType(com.google.gradle.osdetector.OsDetector).classifier
 
-        // If com.google.android.filament.tools-dir is set to a non-empty string, we'll use it as
-        // the tool's base path.
+        // If com.google.android.filament.tools-dir is set, we'll use it as the tool's base path.
         def toolsDirProp = project.providers.gradleProperty("com.google.android.filament.tools-dir")
-        if (toolsDirProp.isPresent() && !toolsDirProp.get().trim().isEmpty()) {
+        if (toolsDirProp.isPresent()) {
             def toolsDir = toolsDirProp.get()
             def path = OperatingSystem.current().isWindows() ?
                 "${toolsDir}/bin/${name}.exe" :

android/filament-android/src/main/java/com/google/android/filament/View.java

@@ -2121,7 +2121,7 @@ public class View {
          */
         public boolean highPrecision = false;
         /**
-         * @deprecated has no effect.
+         * VSM minimum variance scale, must be positive.
          */
         public float minVarianceScale = 0.5f;
         /**

android/filament-utils-android/src/main/java/com/google/android/filament/utils/ModelViewer.kt

@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ class ModelViewer(
     var skyboxCubemap: Texture? = null
 
     private lateinit var displayHelper: DisplayHelper
-    private var cameraManipulator: Manipulator? = null
-    private var gestureDetector: GestureDetector? = null
+    private lateinit var cameraManipulator: Manipulator
+    private lateinit var gestureDetector: GestureDetector
     private var surfaceView: SurfaceView? = null
     private var textureView: TextureView? = null
 
@@ -157,13 +157,15 @@ class ModelViewer(
             surfaceView: SurfaceView,
             engine: Engine = Engine.create(),
             uiHelper: UiHelper = UiHelper(UiHelper.ContextErrorPolicy.DONT_CHECK),
-            manipulator: Manipulator? = defaultCameraManipulator(surfaceView.width, surfaceView.height)
+            manipulator: Manipulator? = null
     ) : this(engine, uiHelper) {
+        cameraManipulator = manipulator ?: Manipulator.Builder()
+                .targetPosition(kDefaultObjectPosition.x, kDefaultObjectPosition.y, kDefaultObjectPosition.z)
+                .viewport(surfaceView.width, surfaceView.height)
+                .build(Manipulator.Mode.ORBIT)
+
         this.surfaceView = surfaceView
-        cameraManipulator = manipulator
-        cameraManipulator?.let { c ->
-            gestureDetector = GestureDetector(surfaceView, c)
-        }
+        gestureDetector = GestureDetector(surfaceView, cameraManipulator)
         displayHelper = DisplayHelper(surfaceView.context)
         uiHelper.renderCallback = SurfaceCallback()
         uiHelper.attachTo(surfaceView)
@@ -175,14 +177,15 @@ class ModelViewer(
             textureView: TextureView,
             engine: Engine = Engine.create(),
             uiHelper: UiHelper = UiHelper(UiHelper.ContextErrorPolicy.DONT_CHECK),
-            manipulator: Manipulator? = defaultCameraManipulator(textureView.width, textureView.height)
+            manipulator: Manipulator? = null
     ) : this(engine, uiHelper) {
-        cameraManipulator = manipulator
+        cameraManipulator = manipulator ?: Manipulator.Builder()
+                .targetPosition(kDefaultObjectPosition.x, kDefaultObjectPosition.y, kDefaultObjectPosition.z)
+                .viewport(textureView.width, textureView.height)
+                .build(Manipulator.Mode.ORBIT)
+
         this.textureView = textureView
-        cameraManipulator = manipulator
-        cameraManipulator?.let { c ->
-            gestureDetector = GestureDetector(textureView, c)
-        }
+        gestureDetector = GestureDetector(textureView, cameraManipulator)
         displayHelper = DisplayHelper(textureView.context)
         uiHelper.renderCallback = SurfaceCallback()
         uiHelper.attachTo(textureView)
@@ -299,13 +302,11 @@ class ModelViewer(
         asset?.let { populateScene(it) }
 
         // Extract the camera basis from the helper and push it to the Filament camera.
-        cameraManipulator?.let { cm ->
-            cm.getLookAt(eyePos, target, upward)
-            camera.lookAt(
+        cameraManipulator.getLookAt(eyePos, target, upward)
+        camera.lookAt(
                 eyePos[0], eyePos[1], eyePos[2],
                 target[0], target[1], target[2],
                 upward[0], upward[1], upward[2])
-        }
 
         // Render the scene, unless the renderer wants to skip the frame.
         if (renderer.beginFrame(swapChain!!, frameTimeNanos)) {
@@ -397,7 +398,7 @@ class ModelViewer(
      * Handles a [MotionEvent] to enable one-finger orbit, two-finger pan, and pinch-to-zoom.
      */
     fun onTouchEvent(event: MotionEvent) {
-        gestureDetector?.onTouchEvent(event)
+        gestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event)
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("ClickableViewAccessibility")
@@ -450,7 +451,7 @@ class ModelViewer(
 
         override fun onResized(width: Int, height: Int) {
             view.viewport = Viewport(0, 0, width, height)
-            cameraManipulator?.setViewport(width, height)
+            cameraManipulator.setViewport(width, height)
             updateCameraProjection()
             synchronizePendingFrames(engine)
         }
@@ -467,11 +468,5 @@ class ModelViewer(
 
     companion object {
         private val kDefaultObjectPosition = Float3(0.0f, 0.0f, -4.0f)
-        private fun defaultCameraManipulator(width: Int, height: Int) : Manipulator {
-            return Manipulator.Builder()
-                .targetPosition(kDefaultObjectPosition.x, kDefaultObjectPosition.y, kDefaultObjectPosition.z)
-                .viewport(width, height)
-                .build(Manipulator.Mode.ORBIT)
-        }
     }
 }

android/gradle-plugin/build.gradle

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-plugins {
-    id 'groovy-gradle-plugin'
-    id 'com.gradle.plugin-publish' version '2.1.0'
-}
-
-group = "com.google.android.filament"
-version = "0.1.0"
-
-gradlePlugin {
-    website = "https://github.com/google/filament/tree/main/android/gradle-plugin"
-    vcsUrl = "https://github.com/google/filament/tree/main/android/gradle-plugin"
-
-    plugins {
-        create("filament-tools") {
-            id = "com.google.android.filament-tools"
-            displayName = "Filament Tools Gradle Plugin"
-            description = "A plugin that helps integrate Filament into Android projects"
-            tags.addAll('android', 'graphics', 'rendering', 'filament', '3d', 'gltf', 'native')
-            implementationClass = "com.google.android.filament.gradle.FilamentPlugin"
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-repositories {
-    mavenCentral()
-    gradlePluginPortal()
-}
-
-dependencies {
-    implementation "com.google.gradle:osdetector-gradle-plugin:1.7.3"
-}

android/gradle.properties

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 GROUP=com.google.android.filament
-VERSION_NAME=1.70.1
+VERSION_NAME=1.69.4
 
 POM_DESCRIPTION=Real-time physically based rendering engine for Android.
 

android/gradle/gradle-mvn-push.gradle

@@ -94,13 +94,6 @@ afterEvaluate { project ->
     }
 
     signing {
-        def signingKey = findProperty("signingKey")
-        def signingPassword = findProperty("signingPassword")
-        if (signingKey && signingPassword) {
-            println("Signing with in-memory keys")
-            useInMemoryPgpKeys(signingKey, signingPassword)
-        }
-
         publishing.publications.all { publication ->
             sign publication
         }

android/samples/sample-gltf-viewer/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/samples/sample-hello-camera/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/samples/sample-hello-triangle/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/samples/sample-image-based-lighting/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/samples/sample-lit-cube/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/samples/sample-material-builder/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/samples/sample-material-instance-stress/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/samples/sample-multi-view/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/samples/sample-page-curl/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/samples/sample-render-validation/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ tasks.register('copyDamagedHelmetGltf', Copy) {
 preBuild.dependsOn copyDamagedHelmetGltf
 
 clean.doFirst {
-    delete "src/main/assets/envs"
-    delete "src/main/assets/models"
+    delete "src/main/assets"
 }
 
 android {
@@ -49,7 +48,6 @@ android {
 dependencies {
     implementation deps.kotlin
     implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
-    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.10.0'
     implementation deps.coroutines.core
     implementation project(':filament-android')
     implementation project(':gltfio-android')

android/samples/sample-render-validation/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -12,11 +12,10 @@
         android:supportsRtl="true"
         android:largeHeap="true"
         android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
-        android:theme="@style/Theme.Material3.DayNight.NoActionBar">
+        android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar">
         <activity
             android:name=".MainActivity"
             android:exported="true"
-            android:launchMode="singleTop"
             android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|screenLayout|keyboardHidden"
             android:screenOrientation="fullSensor">
             <intent-filter>

android/samples/sample-render-validation/src/main/assets/default_test.json

@@ -1,899 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "name": "Default Test",
-  "backends": [
-    "opengl"
-  ],
-  "models": {
-    "DamagedHelmet": "helmet.glb"
-  },
-  "presets": [
-    {
-      "name": "base",
-      "models": [
-        "DamagedHelmet"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "camera": {
-          "enabled": true,
-          "horizontalFov": 45.0,
-          "center": [
-            0,
-            0,
-            0
-          ],
-          "lookAt": [
-            0,
-            0,
-            -1
-          ]
-        },
-        "view": {
-          "postProcessingEnabled": true,
-          "dithering": "NONE"
-        },
-        "tolerance": {
-          "maxAbsDiff": 0.1,
-          "maxFailingPixelsFraction": 0.0
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "tilted",
-      "rendering": {
-        "camera": {
-          "enabled": true,
-          "horizontalFov": 45.0,
-          "center": [
-            -4,
-            -2,
-            -3
-          ],
-          "lookAt": [
-            0,
-            0,
-            -4
-          ]
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  ],
-  "tests": [
-    {
-      "name": "basic",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "rotated",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base",
-        "tilted"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "msaa",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.msaa.enabled": true
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base",
-        "tilted"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "aa_none",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.antiAliasing": "NONE"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "aa_fxaa",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.antiAliasing": "FXAA"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "dithering_none",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.dithering": "NONE"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "msaa_8",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.msaa.enabled": true,
-        "view.msaa.sampleCount": 8
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "taa_custom",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.taa.enabled": true,
-        "view.taa.feedback": 0.2,
-        "view.taa.jitterPattern": "HALTON_23_X16"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_gtao",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.aoType": "GTAO"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_sao",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.aoType": "SAO"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_radius_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.radius": 1.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_radius_low",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.radius": 0.1
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_power_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.power": 2.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_power_low",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.power": 0.5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_bias_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.bias": 0.05
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_resolution_half",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.resolution": 0.5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_resolution_full",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.resolution": 1.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_intensity_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.intensity": 2.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_bent_normals",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.bentNormals": true
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_quality_ultra",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.quality": "ULTRA"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_quality_low",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.quality": "LOW"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_lowPassFilter_ultra",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.lowPassFilter": "ULTRA"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssao_upsampling_ultra",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.ssao.enabled": true,
-        "view.ssao.upsampling": "ULTRA"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssr_basic",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.enabled": true
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssr_thickness_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.enabled": true,
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.thickness": 0.5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssr_bias_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.enabled": true,
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.bias": 0.1
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssr_maxDistance_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.enabled": true,
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.maxDistance": 5.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssr_stride_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.enabled": true,
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.stride": 4.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssr_stride_low",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.enabled": true,
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.stride": 1.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssr_thickness_low",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.enabled": true,
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.thickness": 0.01
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssr_maxDistance_low",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.enabled": true,
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.maxDistance": 1.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssr_bias_low",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.enabled": true,
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.bias": 0.001
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ssr_quality_combo",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.enabled": true,
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.thickness": 0.2,
-        "view.screenSpaceReflections.stride": 2.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_levels_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.levels": 8
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_levels_low",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.levels": 4
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_resolution_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.resolution": 1024
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_strength_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.strength": 0.5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_strength_low",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.strength": 0.01
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_blendMode_interpolate",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.blendMode": "INTERPOLATE"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_no_threshold",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.threshold": false
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_quality_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.quality": "HIGH"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_lensflare",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.lensFlare": true
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_lensflare_no_starburst",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.lensFlare": true,
-        "view.bloom.starburst": false
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_lensflare_chromatic",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.lensFlare": true,
-        "view.bloom.chromaticAberration": 0.05
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_lensflare_ghosts",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.lensFlare": true,
-        "view.bloom.ghostCount": 8
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_lensflare_ghostSpacing",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.lensFlare": true,
-        "view.bloom.ghostSpacing": 0.8
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_halo_thick",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.lensFlare": true,
-        "view.bloom.haloThickness": 0.2
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bloom_halo_radius",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.bloom.enabled": true,
-        "view.bloom.lensFlare": true,
-        "view.bloom.haloRadius": 0.5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "dof_basic",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.dof.enabled": true
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "dof_cocScale_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.dof.enabled": true,
-        "view.dof.cocScale": 2.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "dof_cocScale_low",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.dof.enabled": true,
-        "view.dof.cocScale": 0.5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "dof_cocAspectRatio",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.dof.enabled": true,
-        "view.dof.cocAspectRatio": 2.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "dof_maxApertureDiameter",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.dof.enabled": true,
-        "view.dof.maxApertureDiameter": 0.05
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "dof_filter_none",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.dof.enabled": true,
-        "view.dof.filter": "NONE"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "dof_nativeResolution",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.dof.enabled": true,
-        "view.dof.nativeResolution": true
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "dof_rings_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.dof.enabled": true,
-        "view.dof.foregroundRingCount": 5,
-        "view.dof.backgroundRingCount": 5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "dof_rings_low",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.dof.enabled": true,
-        "view.dof.foregroundRingCount": 3,
-        "view.dof.backgroundRingCount": 3
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "dof_max_coc",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.dof.enabled": true,
-        "view.dof.maxForegroundCOC": 16,
-        "view.dof.maxBackgroundCOC": 16
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "fog_basic",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.fog.enabled": true
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "fog_distance",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.fog.enabled": true,
-        "view.fog.distance": 10.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "fog_cutOffDistance",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.fog.enabled": true,
-        "view.fog.cutOffDistance": 100.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "fog_maximumOpacity",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.fog.enabled": true,
-        "view.fog.maximumOpacity": 0.5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "fog_height",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.fog.enabled": true,
-        "view.fog.height": 5.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "fog_heightFalloff",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.fog.enabled": true,
-        "view.fog.heightFalloff": 0.5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "fog_density_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.fog.enabled": true,
-        "view.fog.density": 0.5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "fog_inScatteringStart",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.fog.enabled": true,
-        "view.fog.inScatteringStart": 5.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "fog_inScatteringSize",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.fog.enabled": true,
-        "view.fog.inScatteringSize": 10.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "fog_fogColorFromIbl",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.fog.enabled": true,
-        "view.fog.fogColorFromIbl": true
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "vignette_basic",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.vignette.enabled": true
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "vignette_midPoint",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.vignette.enabled": true,
-        "view.vignette.midPoint": 0.8
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "vignette_roundness_circle",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.vignette.enabled": true,
-        "view.vignette.roundness": 1.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "vignette_roundness_rect",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.vignette.enabled": true,
-        "view.vignette.roundness": 0.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "vignette_feather_sharp",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.vignette.enabled": true,
-        "view.vignette.feather": 0.1
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_filmic",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.toneMapping": "FILMIC"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_aces",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.toneMapping": "ACES"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_agx",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.toneMapping": "AGX"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_pbr_neutral",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.toneMapping": "PBR_NEUTRAL"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_contrast_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.contrast": 1.5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_saturation_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.saturation": 1.5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_exposure_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.exposure": 1.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "shadow_vsm",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.shadowType": "VSM"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "shadow_vsm_anisotropy",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.shadowType": "VSM",
-        "view.vsmShadowOptions.anisotropy": 2
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "shadow_vsm_highPrecision",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.shadowType": "VSM",
-        "view.vsmShadowOptions.highPrecision": true
-      }
-    }
-  ]
-}

android/samples/sample-render-validation/src/main/java/com/google/android/filament/validation/MainActivity.kt

@@ -17,35 +17,36 @@
 package com.google.android.filament.validation
 
 import android.app.Activity
-import android.app.AlertDialog
-import android.content.Intent
 import android.graphics.Bitmap
-import android.graphics.Color
 import android.os.Bundle
-import android.text.Html
 import android.util.Log
 import android.view.Choreographer
 import android.view.SurfaceView
 import android.view.View
 import android.view.WindowManager
-import android.widget.ArrayAdapter
-import android.widget.Button
 import android.widget.ImageView
 import android.widget.LinearLayout
-import android.widget.Spinner
+import android.widget.ScrollView
 import android.widget.TextView
-import com.google.android.filament.utils.KTX1Loader
 import com.google.android.filament.utils.ModelViewer
 import com.google.android.filament.utils.Utils
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+import com.google.android.filament.utils.KTX1Loader
+import com.google.android.filament.IndirectLight
+import com.google.android.filament.Skybox
+import android.graphics.Color
 import java.io.File
+import java.io.FileOutputStream
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection
+import java.net.URL
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer
-import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
-import java.util.Date
-import java.util.Locale
+import android.widget.ArrayAdapter
+import android.widget.Button
+import android.widget.Spinner
+import android.widget.AdapterView
 
 class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
 
@@ -61,17 +62,13 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
     private lateinit var choreographer: Choreographer
     private lateinit var modelViewer: ModelViewer
     private lateinit var statusTextView: TextView
-    private lateinit var testResultsHeader: TextView
     private lateinit var resultsContainer: LinearLayout
     private lateinit var inputManager: ValidationInputManager
     private var currentInput: ValidationInputManager.ValidationInput? = null
-
-    // UI Elements
+    private lateinit var modeSpinner: Spinner
     private lateinit var runButton: Button
-    private lateinit var loadButton: Button
-    private lateinit var optionsButton: Button
-
     private var resultManager: ValidationResultManager? = null
+
     private var validationRunner: ValidationRunner? = null
 
     // Frame callback
@@ -92,53 +89,25 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
         surfaceView.holder.setFixedSize(512, 512)
 
         statusTextView = findViewById(R.id.status_text)
-        testResultsHeader = findViewById(R.id.test_results_header)
+        modeSpinner = findViewById(R.id.mode_spinner)
+        runButton = findViewById(R.id.run_button)
         resultsContainer = findViewById(R.id.results_container)
 
-        runButton = findViewById(R.id.run_button)
-        loadButton = findViewById(R.id.load_button)
-        optionsButton = findViewById(R.id.options_button)
+        // Setup Spinner
+        val modes = arrayOf("Run Validation", "Generate Goldens")
+        val adapter = ArrayAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, modes)
+        adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item)
+        modeSpinner.adapter = adapter
 
         // Setup Run Button
         runButton.setOnClickListener {
             currentInput?.let { input ->
-                // Always use the generateGoldens flag from the intent/input
-                startValidation(input)
+                val generateGoldens = modeSpinner.selectedItemPosition == 1
+                val newInput = input.copy(generateGoldens = generateGoldens)
+                startValidation(newInput)
             }
         }
 
-        // Setup Load Button
-        loadButton.setOnClickListener {
-            showLoadDialog()
-        }
-
-        // Setup Options Menu Button
-        optionsButton.setOnClickListener { view ->
-            val popup = android.widget.PopupMenu(this, view)
-            popup.menu.add(0, 1, 0, "Generate Golden")
-            popup.menu.add(0, 2, 0, "Export Test")
-            popup.menu.add(0, 3, 0, "Export Result")
-            popup.menu.add(0, 4, 0, "Test ADB Info")
-            popup.menu.add(0, 5, 0, "Result ADB Info")
-
-            popup.setOnMenuItemClickListener { item ->
-                when (item.itemId) {
-                    1 -> {
-                        currentInput?.let { input ->
-                            val goldenInput = input.copy(generateGoldens = true)
-                            startValidation(goldenInput)
-                        }
-                    }
-                    2 -> exportTestBundleAction()
-                    3 -> exportTestResultsAction()
-                    4 -> showTestAdbInfo()
-                    5 -> showResultAdbInfo()
-                }
-                true
-            }
-            popup.show()
-        }
-
         window.addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON)
 
         choreographer = Choreographer.getInstance()
@@ -151,134 +120,6 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
         handleIntent()
     }
 
-    private fun showLoadDialog() {
-        val exportDir = getExternalFilesDir(null) ?: filesDir
-        // Filter out result zips (starting with "results_") to only show test bundles
-        val zips = exportDir.listFiles { _, name ->
-            name.endsWith(".zip") && !name.startsWith("results_")
-        }?.sortedByDescending { it.lastModified() } ?: emptyList()
-
-        if (zips.isEmpty()) {
-            AlertDialog.Builder(this)
-                .setTitle("Load Test")
-                .setMessage("No test bundles found.")
-                .setPositiveButton("OK", null)
-                .show()
-            return
-        }
-
-        val builder = AlertDialog.Builder(this)
-        builder.setTitle("Select Test Bundle")
-
-        val items = zips.map { it.name }.toTypedArray()
-
-        builder.setItems(items) { dialog, which ->
-            val selectedFile = zips[which]
-            loadZipBundle(selectedFile)
-            dialog.dismiss()
-        }
-
-        builder.setNegativeButton("Cancel", null)
-        builder.show()
-    }
-
-    private fun showTestAdbInfo() {
-        val exportDir = getExternalFilesDir(null) ?: filesDir
-        val path = exportDir.absolutePath
-        val isInternal = path.startsWith(filesDir.absolutePath)
-        val message = StringBuilder()
-
-        message.append("Storage Path: $path<br><br>")
-
-        message.append("<b>--- PULL FROM DEVICE ---</b><br>")
-        if (isInternal) {
-            message.append("<tt>adb shell \"run-as $packageName cat files/&lt;filename&gt;\" &gt; &lt;filename&gt;</tt><br><br>")
-        } else {
-            message.append("<tt>adb pull $path/&lt;filename&gt; .</tt><br><br>")
-        }
-
-        message.append("<b>--- PUSH TO DEVICE ---</b><br>")
-        if (isInternal) {
-            message.append("1. <tt>adb push &lt;filename&gt; /sdcard/Download/</tt><br>")
-            message.append("2. <tt>adb shell \"run-as $packageName cp /sdcard/Download/&lt;filename&gt; files/\"</tt><br>")
-        } else {
-            message.append("<tt>adb push &lt;filename&gt; $path/</tt><br>")
-        }
-        message.append("<br>Note: Use underscores instead of spaces in &lt;filename&gt;.")
-
-        AlertDialog.Builder(this)
-            .setTitle("Test Bundle ADB Info")
-            .setMessage(Html.fromHtml(message.toString(), Html.FROM_HTML_MODE_LEGACY))
-            .setPositiveButton("OK", null)
-            .show()
-    }
-
-    private fun showResultAdbInfo() {
-        val exportDir = getExternalFilesDir(null) ?: filesDir
-        val path = exportDir.absolutePath
-        val isInternal = path.startsWith(filesDir.absolutePath)
-        val message = StringBuilder()
-
-        message.append("<b>--- PULL RESULTS ---</b><br>")
-        if (isInternal) {
-            message.append("<tt>adb shell \"run-as $packageName cat files/&lt;filename&gt;\" &gt; &lt;filename&gt;</tt><br><br>")
-        } else {
-            message.append("<tt>adb pull $path/&lt;filename&gt; .</tt><br><br>")
-        }
-
-        message.append("<b>--- AVAILABLE RESULTS ---</b><br>")
-        val zips = exportDir.listFiles { _, name ->
-            name.endsWith(".zip") && name.startsWith("results_")
-        }?.sortedByDescending { it.lastModified() } ?: emptyList()
-
-        if (zips.isEmpty()) {
-            message.append("No result zips found.<br>")
-        } else {
-            zips.forEach { file ->
-                message.append("${file.name}<br>")
-            }
-        }
-
-        AlertDialog.Builder(this)
-            .setTitle("Result ADB Info")
-            .setMessage(Html.fromHtml(message.toString(), Html.FROM_HTML_MODE_LEGACY))
-            .setPositiveButton("OK", null)
-            .show()
-    }
-
-    private fun loadZipBundle(file: File) {
-         statusTextView.text = "Loading ${file.name}..."
-         CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Main).launch {
-             try {
-                 val config = inputManager.loadFromZip(file)
-                 val baseDir = getExternalFilesDir(null) ?: filesDir
-                 val outputDir = File(baseDir, "validation_results").apply { mkdirs() }
-
-                 // Clear existing results UI and state
-                 resultsContainer.removeAllViews()
-                 resultManager = null
-
-                 val newInput = ValidationInputManager.ValidationInput(
-                     config = config,
-                     outputDir = outputDir,
-                     generateGoldens = false,
-                     autoRun = false,
-                     autoExport = false,
-                     autoExportResults = false,
-                     sourceZip = file
-                 )
-
-                 currentInput = newInput
-                 statusTextView.text = "Loaded ${config.name}"
-                 Log.i(TAG, "Setting header to: Test Results: ${config.name}")
-                 testResultsHeader.text = "${config.name}"
-             } catch (e: Exception) {
-                 Log.e(TAG, "Failed to load zip", e)
-                 statusTextView.text = "Error: ${e.message}"
-             }
-         }
-    }
-
     private fun createIndirectLight() {
         try {
             val engine = modelViewer.engine
@@ -315,18 +156,12 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
         CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Main).launch {
             try {
                 val input = inputManager.resolveConfig(intent)
-
-                // Update header
-                Log.i(TAG, "handleIntent: Setting header to: Test Results: ${input.config.name}")
-                testResultsHeader.text = "${input.config.name}"
                 currentInput = input
 
-                if (input.autoRun) {
-                    startValidation(input)
-                } else {
-                    // Just show status
-                    statusTextView.text = "Ready: ${input.config.name}"
-                }
+                // Sync spinner with intent
+                modeSpinner.setSelection(if (input.generateGoldens) 1 else 0)
+
+                startValidation(input)
             } catch (e: Exception) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Failed to resolve config", e)
                 statusTextView.text = "Error: ${e.message}"
@@ -340,8 +175,6 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
             Log.i(TAG, "Starting validation with config: ${input.config.name}")
             Log.i(TAG, "Output dir: ${input.outputDir.absolutePath}")
 
-            testResultsHeader.text = "${input.config.name}"
-
             resultManager = ValidationResultManager(input.outputDir)
 
             validationRunner = ValidationRunner(this, modelViewer, input.config, resultManager!!)
@@ -349,6 +182,9 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
             validationRunner?.generateGoldens = input.generateGoldens
             validationRunner?.start()
 
+            // Sync spinner in case it was called programmatically or changed implicitly
+            modeSpinner.setSelection(if (input.generateGoldens) 1 else 0)
+
         } catch (e: Exception) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Failed to start validation", e)
             statusTextView.text = "Error: ${e.message}"
@@ -360,12 +196,6 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
         choreographer.postFrameCallback(frameScheduler)
     }
 
-    override fun onNewIntent(intent: Intent) {
-        super.onNewIntent(intent)
-        setIntent(intent)
-        handleIntent()
-    }
-
     override fun onPause() {
         super.onPause()
         choreographer.removeFrameCallback(frameScheduler)
@@ -391,30 +221,13 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
             resultContainer.orientation = LinearLayout.VERTICAL
             resultContainer.setPadding(0, 10, 0, 20)
 
-            // Header Layout
-            val headerRow = LinearLayout(this)
-            headerRow.orientation = LinearLayout.HORIZONTAL
-            headerRow.gravity = android.view.Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL
-
-            // Status Icon + Name
-            val statusView = TextView(this)
-            val icon = if (result.passed) "✔" else "✖"
-
-            statusView.text = "$icon ${result.testName}"
-            statusView.setTextColor(
-                if (result.passed) Color.parseColor("#4CAF50") else Color.parseColor("#F44336")
-            )
-            statusView.textSize = 12f
-            statusView.setTypeface(null, android.graphics.Typeface.BOLD)
-            headerRow.addView(statusView)
-
-            // Diff Metric (only show if it's relevant/there's a diff or we just always show it like before)
-            val diffView = TextView(this)
-            diffView.text = "  (Diff: ${result.diffMetric})"
-            diffView.textSize = 12f
-            diffView.setTextColor(Color.GRAY)
-            headerRow.addView(diffView)
-            resultContainer.addView(headerRow)
+            // Header
+            val resultView = TextView(this)
+            resultView.text = "${result.testName}: ${if(result.passed) "PASS" else "FAIL"} (Diff: ${result.diffMetric})"
+            resultView.setTextColor(if(result.passed) Color.GREEN else Color.RED)
+            resultView.textSize = 16f
+            resultView.setTypeface(null, android.graphics.Typeface.BOLD)
+            resultContainer.addView(resultView)
 
             // Images Row
             val imagesRow = LinearLayout(this)
@@ -428,7 +241,7 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
 
                     val labelView = TextView(this)
                     labelView.text = label
-                    labelView.textSize = 9f
+                    labelView.textSize = 12f
                     container.addView(labelView)
 
                     val iv = ImageView(this)
@@ -461,46 +274,7 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
     override fun onAllTestsFinished() {
         runOnUiThread {
             statusTextView.text = "All tests finished!"
-            Log.i(TAG, "All tests finished " + if (currentInput?.autoExport == true) "Exporting bundle" else "x")
-
-            if (currentInput?.autoExport == true) {
-                exportTestBundleAction()
-            }
-            if (currentInput?.autoExportResults == true) {
-                exportTestResultsAction()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun exportTestBundleAction() {
-        currentInput?.let { input ->
-            val timestamp = SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss", Locale.US).format(Date())
-            val rm = resultManager ?: ValidationResultManager(input.outputDir)
-            val zip = rm.exportTestBundle(input.config, timestamp)
-            if (zip != null) {
-                val msg = "Exported Bundle: ${zip.name}"
-                statusTextView.text = msg
-                Log.i(TAG, "Exported test bundle to ${zip.absolutePath}")
-            } else {
-                statusTextView.text = "Export Bundle failed"
-                Log.e(TAG, "Export Bundle failed")
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun exportTestResultsAction() {
-        currentInput?.let { input ->
-            val timestamp = SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss", Locale.US).format(Date())
-            val rm = resultManager ?: ValidationResultManager(input.outputDir)
-            val zip = rm.exportTestResults(input.sourceZip, timestamp)
-            if (zip != null) {
-                val msg = "Exported Results: ${zip.name}"
-                statusTextView.text = msg
-                Log.i(TAG, "Exported results to ${zip.absolutePath}")
-            } else {
-                statusTextView.text = "Export Results failed"
-                Log.e(TAG, "Export Results failed")
-            }
+            Log.i(TAG, "All tests finished")
         }
     }
 
@@ -527,3 +301,50 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
         }
     }
 }
+
+/*
+ * Scripts for reference:
+ *
+ * generate_goldens.sh:
+ * --------------------
+ * #!/bin/bash
+ * set -e
+ *
+ * # Config path (on device)
+ * CONFIG_PATH=$1
+ * if [ -z "$CONFIG_PATH" ]; then
+ *     echo "Usage: $0 <device_config_path>"
+ *     echo "Example: $0 /sdcard/Android/data/com.google.android.filament.validation/files/default_test.json"
+ *     exit 1
+ * fi
+ *
+ * echo "Starting Golden Generation for $CONFIG_PATH..."
+ * adb shell am force-stop com.google.android.filament.validation
+ * adb shell am start -n com.google.android.filament.validation/.MainActivity \
+ *     -e test_config "$CONFIG_PATH" \
+ *     --ez generate_goldens true
+ *
+ * echo "Check device or logcat for progress."
+ * echo "adb logcat -s FilamentValidation:I ValidationRunner:I"
+ * echo "To pull results: ./samples/sample-render-validation/pull_goldens.sh"
+ *
+ * pull_goldens.sh:
+ * ----------------
+ * #!/bin/bash
+ * set -e
+ *
+ * # Default destination is local golden directory relative to script
+ * SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd $(dirname $0); pwd)
+ * DEST_DIR=${1:-"$SCRIPT_DIR/golden"}
+ *
+ * echo "Pulling goldens to $DEST_DIR..."
+ * mkdir -p "$DEST_DIR"
+ *
+ * # Path on device
+ * DEVICE_GOLDEN_DIR="/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.google.android.filament.validation/files/golden/."
+ *
+ * adb pull "$DEVICE_GOLDEN_DIR" "$DEST_DIR"
+ *
+ * echo "Done."
+ * ls -l "$DEST_DIR"
+ */

android/samples/sample-render-validation/src/main/java/com/google/android/filament/validation/ValidationInputManager.kt

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import java.io.File
 import java.io.FileOutputStream
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection
 import java.net.URL
-import java.util.zip.ZipFile
 
 /**
  * Handles the retrieval and preparation of test configuration and assets.
@@ -43,11 +42,7 @@ class ValidationInputManager(private val context: Context) {
     data class ValidationInput(
         val config: RenderTestConfig,
         val outputDir: File,
-        val generateGoldens: Boolean,
-        val autoRun: Boolean = false,
-        val autoExport: Boolean = false,
-        val autoExportResults: Boolean = false,
-        val sourceZip: File? = null
+        val generateGoldens: Boolean
     )
 
     /**
@@ -58,111 +53,22 @@ class ValidationInputManager(private val context: Context) {
         val testConfigPath = intent.getStringExtra("test_config")
         val urlConfig = intent.getStringExtra("url_config")
         val urlModelsBase = intent.getStringExtra("url_models_base")
-        val zipPath = intent.getStringExtra("zip_path")
         val generateGoldens = intent.getBooleanExtra("generate_goldens", false)
-        val autoRun = intent.getBooleanExtra("auto_run", false)
-        val autoExport = intent.getBooleanExtra("auto_export", false)
-        val autoExportResults = intent.getBooleanExtra("auto_export_results", false)
         val outputPath = intent.getStringExtra("output_path")
 
-        Log.i(TAG, "Resolving config with outputPath: $outputPath")
-
-        val baseDir = context.getExternalFilesDir(null) ?: context.filesDir
-        Log.i(TAG, "Base directory for resolution: ${baseDir.absolutePath}")
-        
-        val outputDir = if (!outputPath.isNullOrBlank()) {
-            val file = File(outputPath)
-            val resolved = if (file.isAbsolute) {
-                file
-            } else {
-                File(baseDir, outputPath)
-            }
-            
-            // Critical check: if resolved is root or very short, it's likely wrong
-            if (resolved.absolutePath == "/" || resolved.parent == null) {
-                Log.w(TAG, "Resolved outputDir is root ($resolved), defaulting to app-specific dir")
-                File(baseDir, "validation_results")
-            } else {
-                resolved
-            }
+        val outputDir = if (outputPath != null) {
+            File(outputPath).apply { mkdirs() }
         } else {
-            File(baseDir, "validation_results")
-        }
-        
-        if (!outputDir.exists() && !outputDir.mkdirs()) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to create outputDir: ${outputDir.absolutePath}")
-        }
-        Log.i(TAG, "Final outputDir: ${outputDir.absolutePath}")
-
-        val sourceZipFile = if (zipPath != null) {
-            val file = File(zipPath)
-            if (file.isAbsolute) {
-                file
-            } else {
-                File(baseDir, zipPath)
-            }
-        } else {
-            null
+            File(context.getExternalFilesDir(null), "validation_results").apply { mkdirs() }
         }
 
         val config = when {
-            sourceZipFile != null && sourceZipFile.exists() -> loadFromZip(sourceZipFile)
             urlConfig != null -> downloadConfig(urlConfig, urlModelsBase)
             testConfigPath != null -> ConfigParser.parseFromPath(testConfigPath)
             else -> extractDefaultAssets()
         }
 
-        return@withContext ValidationInput(config, outputDir, generateGoldens, autoRun, autoExport, autoExportResults, sourceZipFile)
-    }
-
-    suspend fun loadFromZip(zipFile: File): RenderTestConfig {
-        Log.i(TAG, "Unzipping validation bundle: ${zipFile.absolutePath}")
-        // Use a unique cache dir based on timestamp or just overwrite a common one
-        // Overwriting is safer to avoid filling up disk, but we must ensure we don't conflict with current run
-        val baseCacheDir = context.externalCacheDir ?: context.cacheDir
-        val cacheDir = File(baseCacheDir, "unzipped_validation")
-        if (cacheDir.exists()) cacheDir.deleteRecursively()
-        cacheDir.mkdirs()
-
-        Log.i(TAG, "Using cacheDir: ${cacheDir.absolutePath}")
-
-        ZipFile(zipFile).use { zip ->
-            val entries = zip.entries()
-            while (entries.hasMoreElements()) {
-                val entry = entries.nextElement()
-                val entryFile = File(cacheDir, entry.name)
-                // specific check to avoid zip slip vulnerability (though low risk here)
-                if (!entryFile.canonicalPath.startsWith(cacheDir.canonicalPath)) {
-                    throw SecurityException("Zip entry is outside of the target dir: ${entry.name}")
-                }
-                
-                if (entry.isDirectory) {
-                    entryFile.mkdirs()
-                } else {
-                    entryFile.parentFile?.mkdirs()
-                    zip.getInputStream(entry).use { input ->
-                         FileOutputStream(entryFile).use { output ->
-                             input.copyTo(output)
-                         }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        
-        // Find config.json
-        // We look for a file ending in .json within the unzipped structure
-        // Exclude results.json if it happened to be there
-        val jsonFiles = cacheDir.walkTopDown()
-            .filter { it.isFile && it.extension == "json" && it.name != "results.json" }
-            .toList()
-            
-        if (jsonFiles.isEmpty()) throw IllegalStateException("No config.json found in zip")
-        
-        // Prefer one named config.json or take the first one
-        val configFile = jsonFiles.find { it.name == "config.json" } ?: jsonFiles.first()
-
-        Log.i(TAG, "Parsed config from ${configFile.absolutePath}")
-        return ConfigParser.parseFromPath(configFile.absolutePath)
+        return@withContext ValidationInput(config, outputDir, generateGoldens)
     }
 
     private suspend fun extractDefaultAssets(): RenderTestConfig {
@@ -184,9 +90,9 @@ class ValidationInputManager(private val context: Context) {
         // Copy DamagedHelmet.glb
         val modelsDir = File(filesDir, "models")
         modelsDir.mkdirs()
-        val modelOut = File(modelsDir, "helmet.glb")
+        val modelOut = File(modelsDir, "DamagedHelmet.glb")
 
-        assetManager.open("models/helmet.glb").use { input ->
+        assetManager.open("DamagedHelmet.glb").use { input ->
             FileOutputStream(modelOut).use { output ->
                 input.copyTo(output)
             }

android/samples/sample-render-validation/src/main/java/com/google/android/filament/validation/ValidationResultManager.kt

@@ -67,201 +67,22 @@ class ValidationResultManager(private val outputDir: File) {
     fun finalizeResults(): File? {
         // Write results JSON
         writeResultsJson()
-        return null
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Exports a zip containing:
-     * - results.json
-     * - input test bundle (as nested zip), if provided
-     * - diff images (if any failure)
-     */
-    fun exportTestResults(sourceZip: File?, timestamp: String): File? {
-        // Safe parent dir resolution
-        val parentDir = outputDir.canonicalFile.parentFile ?: outputDir.parentFile
-        if (parentDir == null) return null
-
-        val resultZipName = "results_$timestamp"
-        val zipFile = File(parentDir, "$resultZipName.zip")
-
-        Log.i(TAG, "Exporting results to ${zipFile.absolutePath}")
 
+        // Zip results
+        val zipFile = File(outputDir, "results.zip")
         try {
             ZipOutputStream(FileOutputStream(zipFile)).use { zos ->
-                // 1. Add results.json
-                val resultsJson = File(outputDir, "results.json")
-                if (resultsJson.exists()) {
-                    zos.putNextEntry(ZipEntry("results.json"))
-                    resultsJson.inputStream().use { it.copyTo(zos) }
-                    zos.closeEntry()
-                }
-
-                // 2. Add source zip if exists
-                if (sourceZip != null && sourceZip.exists()) {
-                    zos.putNextEntry(ZipEntry(sourceZip.name))
-                    sourceZip.inputStream().use { it.copyTo(zos) }
-                    zos.closeEntry()
-                }
-
-                // 3. Add diff images (any file ending in _diff.png in outputDir)
-                outputDir.listFiles { _, name -> name.endsWith("_diff.png") }?.forEach { diffFile ->
-                    zos.putNextEntry(ZipEntry(diffFile.name))
-                    diffFile.inputStream().use { it.copyTo(zos) }
+                outputDir.walkTopDown().filter { it.isFile && it.name != "results.zip" }.forEach { file ->
+                    val entryName = file.relativeTo(outputDir).path
+                    zos.putNextEntry(ZipEntry(entryName))
+                    file.inputStream().use { it.copyTo(zos) }
                     zos.closeEntry()
                 }
             }
-            Log.i(TAG, "Exported results to ${zipFile.absolutePath}")
+            Log.i(TAG, "Zipped results to ${zipFile.absolutePath}")
             return zipFile
         } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to export results", e)
-            return null
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Exports a zip bundle containing:
-     * - Modified config.json (with updated name and relative paths)
-     * - Models (in models/ subdirectory)
-     * - Golden images (in goldens/ subdirectory)
-     *
-     * Structure:
-     *   test_name_TIMESTAMP/
-     *     config.json
-     *     models/
-     *       model.glb
-     *     goldens/
-     *       test_result.png
-     */
-    fun exportTestBundle(config: RenderTestConfig, timestamp: String): File? {
-        Log.i(TAG, "Starting exportTestBundle for ${config.name} at $timestamp")
-        Log.i(TAG, "OutputDir: ${outputDir.absolutePath}")
-
-        val parentDir = outputDir.canonicalFile.parentFile ?: outputDir.parentFile
-        if (parentDir == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "OutputDir parent is null: ${outputDir.absolutePath}")
-            return null
-        }
-        Log.i(TAG, "Using parentDir for export: ${parentDir.absolutePath}")
-
-        val testNameWithTimestamp = "${config.name}_$timestamp"
-        val exportNameNoSpaces = testNameWithTimestamp.replace(" ", "_")
-
-        val exportDir = File(parentDir, "export_temp_$timestamp")
-
-        Log.i(TAG, "Creating export temp dir: ${exportDir.absolutePath}")
-        if (exportDir.exists()) exportDir.deleteRecursively()
-        if (!exportDir.mkdirs()) {
-             Log.e(TAG, "Failed to create export dir: ${exportDir.absolutePath}")
-             return null
-        }
-
-        val rootDir = File(exportDir, exportNameNoSpaces)
-        rootDir.mkdirs()
-
-        val modelsDir = File(rootDir, "models")
-        modelsDir.mkdirs()
-
-        val goldensDir = File(rootDir, "goldens")
-        goldensDir.mkdirs()
-
-        try {
-            // 1. Copy Models and update config map
-            val newModelsMap = mutableMapOf<String, String>()
-            Log.i(TAG, "Copying models...")
-            for ((modelName, modelPath) in config.models) {
-                val sourceFile = File(modelPath)
-                if (sourceFile.exists()) {
-                    val destFile = File(modelsDir, sourceFile.name)
-                    Log.d(TAG, "Copying model $modelName: $modelPath -> ${destFile.name}")
-                    sourceFile.copyTo(destFile, overwrite = true)
-                    // Use relative path for the new config
-                    newModelsMap[modelName] = "models/${sourceFile.name}"
-                } else {
-                    Log.w(TAG, "Model file not found: $modelPath")
-                }
-            }
-
-            // 2. Copy Golden Images
-            // We assume goldens are in outputDir with .png extension
-            Log.i(TAG, "Copying goldens from ${outputDir.absolutePath}...")
-            outputDir.listFiles { _, name -> name.endsWith(".png") }?.forEach { file ->
-                Log.d(TAG, "Copying golden: ${file.name}")
-                file.copyTo(File(goldensDir, file.name), overwrite = true)
-            }
-
-            // 3. Create modified config JSON
-            Log.i(TAG, "Creating config.json...")
-            val newConfigJson = JSONObject()
-            newConfigJson.put("name", testNameWithTimestamp) // Keep spaces in JSON name
-
-            // Reconstruct backends
-            val backendsArray = JSONArray()
-            config.backends.forEach { backendsArray.put(it) }
-            newConfigJson.put("backends", backendsArray)
-
-            // Reconstruct models
-            val modelsJson = JSONObject()
-            for ((k, v) in newModelsMap) {
-                modelsJson.put(k, v)
-            }
-            newConfigJson.put("models", modelsJson)
-
-            // Reconstruct tests
-            val testsArray = JSONArray()
-            for (test in config.tests) {
-                val testJson = JSONObject()
-                testJson.put("name", test.name)
-                if (test.description != null) testJson.put("description", test.description)
-
-                // Models for this test (set of strings)
-                val testModelsArray = JSONArray()
-                test.models.forEach { testModelsArray.put(it) }
-                testJson.put("models", testModelsArray)
-
-                // Rendering settings
-                testJson.put("rendering", test.rendering)
-
-                // Tolerance
-                if (test.tolerance != null) {
-                    testJson.put("tolerance", test.tolerance)
-                }
-
-                // Backends (optional override)
-                 val testBackends = JSONArray()
-                 test.backends.forEach { testBackends.put(it) }
-                 testJson.put("backends", testBackends)
-
-                testsArray.put(testJson)
-            }
-            newConfigJson.put("tests", testsArray)
-
-            // Write config.json
-            File(rootDir, "config.json").writeText(newConfigJson.toString(4))
-
-            // 4. Zip it
-            val zipFile = File(parentDir, "$exportNameNoSpaces.zip")
-            Log.i(TAG, "Zipping to ${zipFile.absolutePath}...")
-
-            ZipOutputStream(FileOutputStream(zipFile)).use { zos ->
-                rootDir.walkTopDown().forEach { file ->
-                    if (file.isFile) {
-                        val entryName = file.relativeTo(exportDir).path
-                        zos.putNextEntry(ZipEntry(entryName))
-                        file.inputStream().use { it.copyTo(zos) }
-                        zos.closeEntry()
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            // Cleanup temp dir
-            exportDir.deleteRecursively()
-
-            Log.i(TAG, "Exported test bundle to ${zipFile.absolutePath}")
-            return zipFile
-
-        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to export test bundle", e)
-            exportDir.deleteRecursively()
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to zip results", e)
             return null
         }
     }

android/samples/sample-render-validation/src/main/java/com/google/android/filament/validation/ValidationRunner.kt

@@ -41,13 +41,18 @@ class ValidationRunner(
     private var currentTestConfig: TestConfig? = null
     private var currentModelName: String? = null
 
+    private var loadStartFence: com.google.android.filament.Fence? = null
+    private var loadStartTime = 0L
     private var frameCounter = 0
 
     enum class State {
         IDLE,
+        LOADING_MODEL,
+        WAITING_FOR_FENCE,
         WAITING_FOR_RESOURCES,
         WARMUP,
-        RUNNING_TEST
+        RUNNING_TEST,
+        COMPARING
     }
 
     interface Callback {
@@ -88,6 +93,8 @@ class ValidationRunner(
             nextModel()
             return
         }
+
+        currentState = State.LOADING_MODEL
         callback?.onStatusChanged("Loading $modelName for ${currentTestConfig?.name}")
 
         // Load model on main thread (required by ModelViewer)
@@ -103,24 +110,51 @@ class ValidationRunner(
             Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Loading GLB buffer... (${bytes.size} bytes)")
             val buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes)
             modelViewer.loadModelGlb(buffer)
-            Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Model loaded.")
+            Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Model loaded. initializing fence.")
             modelViewer.transformToUnitCube()
-            currentState = State.WAITING_FOR_RESOURCES
-            frameCounter = 0
-            Log.i("ValidationRunner", "State set to WAITING_FOR_RESOURCES")
+            loadStartFence = modelViewer.engine.createFence()
+            loadStartTime = System.nanoTime()
+            currentState = State.WAITING_FOR_FENCE
+            frameCounter = 0 // Reset for fence timeout tracking
+            Log.i("ValidationRunner", "State set to WAITING_FOR_FENCE")
         } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.e("ValidationRunner", "Failed to load $path", e)
-            nextModel()
+             Log.e("ValidationRunner", "Failed to load $path", e)
+             nextModel()
         }
     }
 
     fun onFrame(frameTimeNanos: Long) {
         if (frameCounter % 60 == 0) {
-            Log.i("ValidationRunner", "onFrame: $currentState (frame: $frameCounter)")
+             Log.i("ValidationRunner", "onFrame: $currentState (frame: $frameCounter)")
         }
 
         when (currentState) {
             State.IDLE -> {}
+            State.WAITING_FOR_FENCE -> {
+                frameCounter++
+                if (frameCounter > 600) {
+                     Log.w("ValidationRunner", "Fence timed out after 600 frames! Forcing proceed.")
+                     modelViewer.engine.destroyFence(loadStartFence!!)
+                     loadStartFence = null
+                     currentState = State.WAITING_FOR_RESOURCES
+                     return
+                }
+
+                loadStartFence?.let { fence ->
+                     if (fence.wait(com.google.android.filament.Fence.Mode.FLUSH, 0) ==
+                            com.google.android.filament.Fence.FenceStatus.CONDITION_SATISFIED) {
+                         modelViewer.engine.destroyFence(fence)
+                         loadStartFence = null
+
+                         // Compile materials (simplified)
+                         modelViewer.scene.forEach { entity ->
+                             // ... existing material compilation logic ...
+                         }
+
+                         currentState = State.WAITING_FOR_RESOURCES
+                     }
+                }
+            }
             State.WAITING_FOR_RESOURCES -> {
                  val progress = modelViewer.progress
                  if (progress >= 1.0f) {
@@ -132,12 +166,12 @@ class ValidationRunner(
             State.WARMUP -> {
                 frameCounter++
                 if (frameCounter > 5) { // 5 frames warmup
-                    startAutomation()
+                     startAutomation()
                 }
             }
             State.RUNNING_TEST -> {
-                // Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Running test...")
-                currentEngine?.let { engine ->
+                 // Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Running test...")
+                 currentEngine?.let { engine ->
                     val content = AutomationEngine.ViewerContent()
                     content.view = modelViewer.view
                     content.renderer = modelViewer.renderer
@@ -152,11 +186,13 @@ class ValidationRunner(
                     if (engine.shouldClose()) {
                         Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Finishing test (frames: $frameCounter)")
                         // Test finished (for this spec)
-                        currentState = State.IDLE
+                        currentState = State.COMPARING
                         captureAndCompare()
                     }
                 }
             }
+            State.COMPARING -> {} // Busy
+            State.LOADING_MODEL -> {}
         }
     }
 
@@ -197,36 +233,7 @@ class ValidationRunner(
 
          // Golden path
          val modelFile = File(config.models.get(modelName)!!)
-         val modelParent = modelFile.parentFile!!
-
-         // Search for golden in:
-         // 1. ../golden/ (standard structure)
-         // 2. ../goldens/ (exported structure, sibling of models)
-         // 3. ./goldens/ (backup)
-
-         val searchPaths = mutableListOf<File>()
-         modelParent.parentFile?.let {
-             searchPaths.add(it.resolve("golden"))
-             searchPaths.add(it.resolve("goldens"))
-         }
-         searchPaths.add(modelParent.resolve("goldens"))
-
-         var goldenFile: File? = null
-         for (path in searchPaths) {
-             val f = path.resolve("${testFullName}.png")
-             if (f.exists()) {
-                 goldenFile = f
-                 break
-             }
-         }
-
-         if (goldenFile != null) {
-             Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Found golden at ${goldenFile.absolutePath}")
-         } else {
-             Log.w("ValidationRunner", "Golden not found for $testFullName. Searched in: ${searchPaths.joinToString { it.absolutePath }}")
-             // Fallback to old behavior for reference if everything else fails
-             goldenFile = modelParent.parentFile?.resolve("golden/${testFullName}.png") ?: File("nonexistent")
-         }
+         val goldenFile = modelFile.parentFile!!.parentFile!!.resolve("golden/${testFullName}.png")
 
          Thread {
              try {
@@ -238,15 +245,14 @@ class ValidationRunner(
                 var diffMetric = 0f
 
                 if (generateGoldens) {
-                    val targetGolden = goldenFile ?: modelParent.parentFile?.resolve("golden/${testFullName}.png") ?: File(modelParent, "golden/${testFullName}.png")
-                    targetGolden.parentFile?.mkdirs()
-                    FileOutputStream(targetGolden).use { out ->
+                    goldenFile.parentFile?.mkdirs()
+                    FileOutputStream(goldenFile).use { out ->
                         flipped.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, out)
                     }
                     passed = true // Generating goldens always passes if successful
                     callback?.onStatusChanged("Golden generated")
                 } else {
-                    if (goldenFile != null && goldenFile.exists()) {
+                    if (goldenFile.exists()) {
                         val golden = android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeFile(goldenFile.absolutePath)
                         if (golden != null) {
                             callback?.onImageResult("Golden", golden)
@@ -267,7 +273,7 @@ class ValidationRunner(
                             callback?.onStatusChanged("Failed to load golden")
                         }
                     } else {
-                        Log.w("ValidationRunner", "Golden not found: ${goldenFile?.absolutePath}")
+                        Log.w("ValidationRunner", "Golden not found: ${goldenFile.absolutePath}")
                         callback?.onStatusChanged("Golden not found")
                     }
                 }

android/samples/sample-render-validation/src/main/res/layout/activity_main.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
+<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout 
     xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@
         android:layout_width="0dp"
         android:layout_height="0dp"
         app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="1:1"
-        app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.6"
-        android:layout_marginTop="32dp"
         app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
         app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
         app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent">
@@ -22,83 +20,10 @@
             android:layout_height="match_parent" />
     </FrameLayout>
 
-    <LinearLayout
-        android:id="@+id/controls_container"
-        android:layout_width="0dp"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:orientation="vertical"
-        android:paddingStart="20dp"
-        android:paddingEnd="20dp"
-        android:paddingTop="20dp"
-        android:paddingBottom="0dp"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/surface_container"
-        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent">
-
-        <TextView
-            android:id="@+id/status_text"
-            android:layout_width="match_parent"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:text="Initializing..."
-            android:textSize="12sp" />
-
-        <LinearLayout
-            android:layout_width="match_parent"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:orientation="vertical"
-            android:paddingTop="10dp"
-            android:paddingBottom="10dp">
-
-            <LinearLayout
-                android:layout_width="match_parent"
-                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-                android:orientation="horizontal"
-                android:gravity="center_vertical"
-                android:paddingBottom="8dp">
-
-                <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
-                    android:id="@+id/run_button"
-                    android:layout_width="0dp"
-                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-                    android:layout_weight="1"
-                    style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button"
-                    android:text="Run Test" />
-
-                <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
-                    android:id="@+id/load_button"
-                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-                    style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button.TonalButton"
-                    android:text="Load Test"
-                    android:layout_marginStart="8dp"/>
-
-                <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
-                    android:id="@+id/options_button"
-                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-                    style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button.IconButton.Outlined"
-                    app:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_more"
-                    android:contentDescription="More Options"
-                    android:layout_marginStart="8dp"/>
-            </LinearLayout>
-        </LinearLayout>
-
-        <TextView
-            android:id="@+id/test_results_header"
-            android:layout_width="match_parent"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:text="Test Results"
-            android:gravity="center"
-            android:textSize="14sp"
-            android:paddingTop="0dp"
-            android:paddingBottom="8dp" />
-
-    </LinearLayout>
-
     <ScrollView
         android:layout_width="0dp"
         android:layout_height="0dp"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/controls_container"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/surface_container"
         app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
         app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
         app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent">
@@ -107,9 +32,41 @@
             android:layout_width="match_parent"
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
             android:orientation="vertical"
-            android:paddingStart="20dp"
-            android:paddingEnd="20dp"
-            android:paddingBottom="20dp">
+            android:padding="20dp">
+
+            <TextView
+                android:id="@+id/status_text"
+                android:layout_width="match_parent"
+                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+                android:text="Initializing..."
+                android:textSize="14sp" />
+
+            <LinearLayout
+                android:layout_width="match_parent"
+                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+                android:orientation="horizontal"
+                android:paddingTop="10dp"
+                android:paddingBottom="10dp">
+
+                <Spinner
+                    android:id="@+id/mode_spinner"
+                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+                    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
+
+                <Button
+                    android:id="@+id/run_button"
+                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+                    android:text="Run" />
+            </LinearLayout>
+
+            <TextView
+                android:layout_width="match_parent"
+                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+                android:text="Test Results"
+                android:textSize="18sp"
+                android:paddingTop="20dp"
+                android:paddingBottom="10dp" />
 
             <LinearLayout
                 android:id="@+id/results_container"
@@ -117,6 +74,7 @@
                 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                 android:orientation="vertical" />
 
+
         </LinearLayout>
     </ScrollView>
 

android/samples/sample-stream-test/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/samples/sample-texture-target/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/samples/sample-texture-view/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/samples/sample-textured-object/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/samples/sample-transparent-view/build.gradle

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'com.android.application'
     id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }
 
 project.ext.isSample = true

android/settings.gradle

@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-// Filament tools plugin
-pluginManagement {
-    includeBuild 'gradle-plugin'
-}
-
 // Libraries
 include ':filament-android'
 include ':filamat-android'

docs/dup/intro.html

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ important for <code>matc</code> (material compiler).</p>
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.69.5'
+    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.69.4'
 }
 </code></pre>
 <p>Here are all the libraries available in the group <code>com.google.android.filament</code>:</p>
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ dependencies {
 </div>
 <h3 id="ios"><a class="header" href="#ios">iOS</a></h3>
 <p>iOS projects can use CocoaPods to install the latest release:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-shell">pod 'Filament', '~&gt; 1.69.5'
+<pre><code class="language-shell">pod 'Filament', '~&gt; 1.69.4'
 </code></pre>
 <h2 id="documentation"><a class="header" href="#documentation">Documentation</a></h2>
 <ul>

docs/dup/test_ci_renderdiff.html

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ into <strong>branch</strong> of <code>filament-assets</code>. This branch is pai
 <code>filament</code> repo.</p>
 <p>As an example, imagine I am working on a PR, and I've uploaded my change, which is in a
 branch called <code>my-pr-branch</code>, to <code>filament</code>. This PR requires updating the golden. We would do
-it in the following fashion on a macOS machine:</p>
+it in the following fashion</p>
 <h3 id="using-a-script-to-update-the-golden-repo"><a class="header" href="#using-a-script-to-update-the-golden-repo">Using a script to update the golden repo</a></h3>
 <ul>
 <li>Make sure you've completed the steps in 'Setting up python'</li>

filament/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ set(SRCS
         src/MorphTargetBuffer.cpp
         src/PostProcessManager.cpp
         src/ProgramSpecialization.cpp
-        src/LocalProgramCache.cpp
         src/RenderPass.cpp
         src/RenderPrimitive.cpp
         src/RenderTarget.cpp
@@ -187,7 +186,6 @@ set(PRIVATE_HDRS
         src/MaterialCache.h
         src/MaterialDefinition.h
         src/MaterialParser.h
-        src/LocalProgramCache.h
         src/MaterialInstanceManager.h
         src/PIDController.h
         src/PostProcessManager.h

filament/backend/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -564,171 +564,170 @@ endif()
 # ==================================================================================================
 # Test
 # ==================================================================================================
-if (FILAMENT_BUILD_TESTING)
-    option(INSTALL_BACKEND_TEST "Install the backend test library so it can be consumed on iOS" OFF)
+option(INSTALL_BACKEND_TEST "Install the backend test library so it can be consumed on iOS" OFF)
 
-    if (APPLE OR LINUX)
-        set(BACKEND_TEST_SRC
-            test/BackendTest.cpp
-            test/ShaderGenerator.cpp
-            test/TrianglePrimitive.cpp
-            test/Arguments.cpp
-            test/ImageExpectations.cpp
-            test/Lifetimes.cpp
-            test/PlatformRunner.cpp
-            test/Shader.cpp
-            test/SharedShaders.cpp
-            test/Skip.cpp
-            test/test_Autoresolve.cpp
-            test/test_FeedbackLoops.cpp
-            test/test_Blit.cpp
-            test/test_MissingRequiredAttributes.cpp
-            test/test_ReadPixels.cpp
-            test/test_ReadTexture.cpp
-            test/test_BufferUpdates.cpp
-            test/test_Callbacks.cpp
-            test/test_JobQueue.cpp
-            test/test_MemoryMappedBuffer.cpp
-            test/test_MsaaSwapChain.cpp
-            test/test_MRT.cpp
-            test/test_PushConstants.cpp
-            test/test_LoadImage.cpp
-            test/test_StencilBuffer.cpp
-            test/test_Scissor.cpp
-            test/test_MipLevels.cpp
-            test/test_Handles.cpp
-            test/test_CircularBuffer.cpp
-            test/test_CommandBufferQueue.cpp
-            test/test_Template.cpp
-            test/test_Platform.cpp
+if (APPLE OR LINUX)
+    set(BACKEND_TEST_SRC
+        test/BackendTest.cpp
+        test/ShaderGenerator.cpp
+        test/TrianglePrimitive.cpp
+        test/Arguments.cpp
+        test/ImageExpectations.cpp
+        test/Lifetimes.cpp
+        test/PlatformRunner.cpp
+        test/Shader.cpp
+        test/SharedShaders.cpp
+        test/Skip.cpp
+        test/test_Autoresolve.cpp
+        test/test_FeedbackLoops.cpp
+        test/test_Blit.cpp
+        test/test_MissingRequiredAttributes.cpp
+        test/test_ReadPixels.cpp
+        test/test_ReadTexture.cpp
+        test/test_BufferUpdates.cpp
+        test/test_Callbacks.cpp
+        test/test_JobQueue.cpp
+        test/test_MemoryMappedBuffer.cpp
+        test/test_MsaaSwapChain.cpp
+        test/test_MRT.cpp
+        test/test_PushConstants.cpp
+        test/test_LoadImage.cpp
+        test/test_StencilBuffer.cpp
+        test/test_Scissor.cpp
+        test/test_MipLevels.cpp
+        test/test_Handles.cpp
+        test/test_CircularBuffer.cpp
+        test/test_CommandBufferQueue.cpp
+        test/test_Template.cpp
+    )
+    if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
+        list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_SRC
+                test/test_WebGPUAsyncTaskCounter.cpp
+                test/test_WebGPUComposeSwizzle.cpp)
+    endif()
+    if (APPLE)
+        # Metal-specific tests
+        list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_SRC
+            test/test_MetalBlitter.mm
         )
-        if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
-            list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_SRC
-                    test/test_WebGPUAsyncTaskCounter.cpp
-                    test/test_WebGPUComposeSwizzle.cpp)
-        endif()
-        if (APPLE)
-            # Metal-specific tests
-            list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_SRC
-                test/test_MetalBlitter.mm
-            )
-        endif()
-        set(BACKEND_TEST_LIBS
-            absl::str_format
-            backend
+    endif()
+    set(BACKEND_TEST_LIBS
+        absl::str_format
+        backend
+        getopt
+        gtest
+        imageio
+        filamat
+        SPIRV
+        spirv-cross-glsl)
+    # Create input/output directories for test result images.
+    file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/images/actual_images)
+    file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/images/diff_images)
+    file(COPY test/expected_images DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/images)
+endif()
+
+# TODO: Disabling IOS test due to breakage wrt glslang update
+if (APPLE AND NOT IOS)
+    # TODO: we should expand this test to Linux and other platforms.
+    list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_SRC
+         test/test_RenderExternalImage.cpp)
+    add_library(backend_test STATIC ${BACKEND_TEST_SRC})
+    target_link_libraries(backend_test PUBLIC ${BACKEND_TEST_LIBS})
+    target_compile_options(backend_test PRIVATE "-fobjc-arc")
+
+    set(BACKEND_TEST_DEPS
+            OSDependent
+            SPIRV
+            SPIRV-Tools
+            SPIRV-Tools-opt
+            backend_test
             getopt
             gtest
-            imageio
-            filamat
-            SPIRV
-            spirv-cross-glsl)
-        # Create input/output directories for test result images.
-        file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/images/actual_images)
-        file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/images/diff_images)
-        file(COPY test/expected_images DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/images)
+            glslang
+            spirv-cross-core
+            spirv-cross-glsl
+            spirv-cross-msl)
+
+    if (NOT IOS)
+        target_link_libraries(backend_test PRIVATE image imageio)
+        list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_DEPS image)
+    endif()
+    if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
+        target_link_libraries(backend_test PRIVATE webgpu_dawn dawncpp_headers)
+        list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_DEPS webgpu_dawn dawncpp_headers)
     endif()
 
-    # TODO: Disabling IOS test due to breakage wrt glslang update
-    if (APPLE AND NOT IOS)
-        # TODO: we should expand this test to Linux and other platforms.
-        list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_SRC
-            test/test_RenderExternalImage.cpp)
-        add_library(backend_test STATIC ${BACKEND_TEST_SRC})
-        target_link_libraries(backend_test PUBLIC ${BACKEND_TEST_LIBS})
-        target_compile_options(backend_test PRIVATE "-fobjc-arc")
+    set(BACKEND_TEST_COMBINED_OUTPUT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/libbackendtest_combined.a")
+    combine_static_libs(backend_test "${BACKEND_TEST_COMBINED_OUTPUT}" "${BACKEND_TEST_DEPS}")
 
-        set(BACKEND_TEST_DEPS
-                OSDependent
-                SPIRV
-                SPIRV-Tools
-                SPIRV-Tools-opt
-                backend_test
-                getopt
-                gtest
-                glslang
-                spirv-cross-core
-                spirv-cross-glsl
-                spirv-cross-msl)
+    set(BACKEND_TEST_LIB_NAME ${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}backend_test${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX})
 
-        if (NOT IOS)
-            target_link_libraries(backend_test PRIVATE image imageio)
-            list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_DEPS image)
-        endif()
-        if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
-            target_link_libraries(backend_test PRIVATE webgpu_dawn dawncpp_headers)
-            list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_DEPS webgpu_dawn dawncpp_headers)
-        endif()
-
-        set(BACKEND_TEST_COMBINED_OUTPUT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/libbackendtest_combined.a")
-        combine_static_libs(backend_test "${BACKEND_TEST_COMBINED_OUTPUT}" "${BACKEND_TEST_DEPS}")
-
-        set(BACKEND_TEST_LIB_NAME ${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}backend_test${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX})
-
-        if (INSTALL_BACKEND_TEST)
-            install(FILES "${BACKEND_TEST_COMBINED_OUTPUT}" DESTINATION lib/${DIST_DIR} RENAME ${BACKEND_TEST_LIB_NAME})
-            install(FILES test/PlatformRunner.h DESTINATION include/backend_test)
-        endif()
-
-        set_target_properties(backend_test PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
-
-        if (APPLE AND NOT IOS)
-            add_executable(backend_test_mac test/mac_runner.mm)
-            target_link_libraries(backend_test_mac PRIVATE "-framework Metal -framework AppKit -framework QuartzCore")
-            # Because each test case is a separate file, the -force_load flag is necessary to prevent the
-            # linker from removing "unused" symbols.
-            target_link_libraries(backend_test_mac PRIVATE -force_load backend_test)
-            set_target_properties(backend_test_mac PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
-
-            # This is needed after XCode 15.3
-            set_target_properties(backend_test_mac PROPERTIES BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH TRUE)
-            set_target_properties(backend_test_mac PROPERTIES INSTALL_RPATH /usr/local/lib)
-        endif()
+    if (INSTALL_BACKEND_TEST)
+        install(FILES "${BACKEND_TEST_COMBINED_OUTPUT}" DESTINATION lib/${DIST_DIR} RENAME ${BACKEND_TEST_LIB_NAME})
+        install(FILES test/PlatformRunner.h DESTINATION include/backend_test)
     endif()
 
-    if (LINUX)
-        add_executable(backend_test_linux test/linux_runner.cpp ${BACKEND_TEST_SRC})
-        target_link_libraries(backend_test_linux PRIVATE ${BACKEND_TEST_LIBS})
-        set_target_properties(backend_test_linux PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
-        if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
-            target_link_libraries(backend_test_linux PRIVATE webgpu_dawn dawncpp_headers)
-        endif()
-    endif()
-
-    # ==================================================================================================
-    # Compute tests
-    #
-    #if (NOT IOS AND NOT WEBGL)
-    #
-    #add_executable(compute_test
-    #        test/ComputeTest.cpp
-    #        test/Arguments.cpp
-    #        test/test_ComputeBasic.cpp
-    #        )
-    #
-    #target_link_libraries(compute_test PRIVATE
-    #        backend
-    #        getopt
-    #        gtest
-    #        )
-    #
-    #set_target_properties(compute_test PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
-    #
-    #endif()
-
-    # ==================================================================================================
-    # Metal utils tests
+    set_target_properties(backend_test PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
 
     if (APPLE AND NOT IOS)
-        add_executable(metal_utils_test test/MetalTest.mm)
+       add_executable(backend_test_mac test/mac_runner.mm)
+       target_link_libraries(backend_test_mac PRIVATE "-framework Metal -framework AppKit -framework QuartzCore")
+       # Because each test case is a separate file, the -force_load flag is necessary to prevent the
+       # linker from removing "unused" symbols.
+       target_link_libraries(backend_test_mac PRIVATE -force_load backend_test)
+       set_target_properties(backend_test_mac PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
 
-        target_compile_options(metal_utils_test PRIVATE "-fobjc-arc")
-
-        target_link_libraries(metal_utils_test PRIVATE
-                backend
-                getopt
-                gtest
-                )
-
-        set_target_properties(metal_utils_test PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
+       # This is needed after XCode 15.3
+       set_target_properties(backend_test_mac PROPERTIES BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH TRUE)
+       set_target_properties(backend_test_mac PROPERTIES INSTALL_RPATH /usr/local/lib)
     endif()
 endif()
+
+if (LINUX)
+    add_executable(backend_test_linux test/linux_runner.cpp ${BACKEND_TEST_SRC})
+    target_link_libraries(backend_test_linux PRIVATE ${BACKEND_TEST_LIBS})
+    set_target_properties(backend_test_linux PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
+    if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
+        target_link_libraries(backend_test_linux PRIVATE webgpu_dawn dawncpp_headers)
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+# ==================================================================================================
+# Compute tests
+#
+#if (NOT IOS AND NOT WEBGL)
+#
+#add_executable(compute_test
+#        test/ComputeTest.cpp
+#        test/Arguments.cpp
+#        test/test_ComputeBasic.cpp
+#        )
+#
+#target_link_libraries(compute_test PRIVATE
+#        backend
+#        getopt
+#        gtest
+#        )
+#
+#set_target_properties(compute_test PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
+#
+#endif()
+
+# ==================================================================================================
+# Metal utils tests
+
+if (APPLE AND NOT IOS)
+
+add_executable(metal_utils_test test/MetalTest.mm)
+
+target_compile_options(metal_utils_test PRIVATE "-fobjc-arc")
+
+target_link_libraries(metal_utils_test PRIVATE
+        backend
+        getopt
+        gtest
+        )
+
+set_target_properties(metal_utils_test PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
+
+endif()

filament/backend/include/backend/Platform.h

@@ -216,17 +216,6 @@ public:
         MULTIVIEW,
     };
 
-    /**
-     * Types of device/driver information that can be queried from the platform.
-     */
-    enum class DeviceInfoType {
-        OPENGL_RENDERER,    //!< glGetString(GL_RENDERER)
-        OPENGL_VENDOR,      //!< glGetString(GL_VENDOR)
-        VULKAN_DEVICE_NAME, //!< VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::deviceName
-        VULKAN_DRIVER_NAME, //!< VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties::driverName
-        VULKAN_DRIVER_INFO, //!< VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties::driverInfo
-    };
-
     /**
      * This controls the priority level for GPU work scheduling, which helps prioritize the
      * submitted GPU work and enables preemption.
@@ -327,7 +316,7 @@ public:
          */
         StereoscopicType stereoscopicType = StereoscopicType::NONE;
 
-        /**
+        /*
          * The number of eyes to render when stereoscopic rendering is enabled. Supported values are
          * between 1 and Engine::getMaxStereoscopicEyes() (inclusive).
          */
@@ -388,16 +377,6 @@ public:
      */
     virtual int getOSVersion() const noexcept = 0;
 
-    /**
-     * Queries device/driver information of the graphics API.
-     * @param infoType the type of information to query.
-     * @param driver a pointer to the current driver.
-     * @return a CString containing the requested information.
-     */
-    virtual utils::CString getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType infoType,
-            Driver* UTILS_NULLABLE driver) const noexcept = 0;
-
-
     /**
      * Creates and initializes the low-level API (e.g. an OpenGL context or Vulkan instance),
      * then creates the concrete Driver.

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/OpenGLPlatform.h

@@ -52,9 +52,6 @@ protected:
 
     ~OpenGLPlatform() noexcept override;
 
-    utils::CString getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType infoType,
-            Driver* UTILS_NULLABLE driver) const noexcept override;
-
 public:
     struct ExternalTexture {
         unsigned int target; // GLenum target

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/PlatformMetal.h

@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ public:
 
     Driver* createDriver(void* sharedContext, const Platform::DriverConfig& driverConfig) override;
     int getOSVersion() const noexcept override { return 0; }
-    utils::CString getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType, Driver*) const noexcept override { return {}; }
 
     /**
      * Optionally initializes the Metal platform by acquiring resources necessary for rendering.

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h

@@ -143,8 +143,6 @@ public:
         return 0;
     }
 
-    utils::CString getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType infoType, Driver* driver) const noexcept override;
-
     // ----------------------------------------------------
     // ---------- Platform Customization options ----------
     struct Customization {
@@ -177,12 +175,6 @@ public:
          * presentation. Default is true.
          */
         bool transitionSwapChainImageLayoutForPresent = true;
-
-        /**
-         * The number of frames before an unused framebuffer is evicted from the cache.
-         * Default is 3.
-         */
-        uint32_t timeBeforeEvictionFbo = 3;
     };
 
     /**

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/WebGPUPlatform.h

@@ -46,9 +46,6 @@ public:
     ~WebGPUPlatform() override = default;
 
     [[nodiscard]] int getOSVersion() const noexcept final { return 0; }
-    [[nodiscard]] utils::CString getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType, Driver*) const noexcept override {
-        return {};
-    }
 
     [[nodiscard]] wgpu::Instance& getInstance() noexcept { return mInstance; }
 

filament/backend/src/VirtualMachineEnv.cpp

@@ -25,11 +25,6 @@
 
 #include <mutex>
 
-#ifdef __ANDROID__
-#include <pthread.h>
-#endif
-
-
 namespace filament {
 
 using namespace utils;
@@ -110,21 +105,8 @@ JNIEnv* VirtualMachineEnv::getEnvironmentSlow() {
     FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(mVirtualMachine)
             << "JNI_OnLoad() has not been called";
 
-#ifdef __ANDROID__
-    JavaVMAttachArgs args;
-    args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_6;
-    args.group = nullptr;
-    char threadName[16]; // pthread_getname_np returns at most 16 bytes
-    if (__builtin_available(android 26, *)) {
-        if (pthread_getname_np(pthread_self(), threadName, sizeof(threadName)) == 0) {
-            args.name = threadName;
-        } else {
-            args.name = nullptr;
-        }
-    } else {
-        args.name = nullptr;
-    }
-    jint const result = mVirtualMachine->AttachCurrentThread(&mJniEnv, &args);
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+    jint const result = mVirtualMachine->AttachCurrentThread(&mJniEnv, nullptr);
 #else
     jint const result = mVirtualMachine->AttachCurrentThread(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&mJniEnv), nullptr);
 #endif

filament/backend/src/noop/PlatformNoop.h

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ class PlatformNoop final : public Platform {
 public:
 
     int getOSVersion() const noexcept final { return 0; }
-    utils::CString getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType, Driver*) const noexcept override { return {}; }
 
     ~PlatformNoop() noexcept override = default;
 

filament/backend/src/opengl/GLDescriptorSet.cpp

@@ -341,44 +341,7 @@ void GLDescriptorSet::bind(
                 if (arg.handle) {
                     GLTexture const* const t = handleAllocator.handle_cast<GLTexture*>(arg.handle);
                     gl.bindTexture(unit, t->gl.target, t->gl.id, t->gl.external);
-                    SamplerParams params = arg.params;
-
-#if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
-                    // From https://registry.khronos.org/OpenGL-Refpages/es2.0/
-                    // GLES 2.0 will draw mipmapped samplers as black if the following conditions are not met:
-                    //
-                    // "...if the width or height of a texture image are not powers of two and either the
-                    // GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER is set to one of the functions that requires mipmaps or the
-                    // GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S or GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T is not set to GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE, then the
-                    // texture image unit will return (R, G, B, A) = (0, 0, 0, 1)."
-                    //
-                    // "If the texture has dimensions w × h , there are [floor(log2(max(w, h))) + 1] mipmap levels.
-                    // Level 0 is the original texture; level [floor(log2(max(w, h)))] is the final 1 × 1 mipmap."
-                    // "Suppose that a texture is accessed from a fragment shader or vertex shader and has set GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER
-                    // to one of the functions that requires mipmaps. If either the dimensions of the texture images currently
-                    // defined (with previous calls to glTexImage2D, glCompressedTexImage2D, or glCopyTexImage2D) do not follow
-                    // the proper sequence for mipmaps (described above), or there are fewer texture images defined than are needed,
-                    // or the set of texture images were defined with different formats or types, then the texture image unit
-                    // will return (R, G, B, A) = (0, 0, 0, 1)."
-                    //
-                    // So we force the sampler to a valid state in those cases.
-                    auto isPowerOfTwo = [](uint32_t x) -> bool { return (x & (x - 1)) == 0 && x > 0; };
-                    bool textureIsPowerOfTwo = isPowerOfTwo(t->width) && isPowerOfTwo(t->height);
-
-                    uint32_t requiredMipLevels = (std::floor(std::log2(std::max(t->width, std::max(t->height, t->depth)))) + 1);
-                    bool textureHasRequiredMipLevels = t->levels == requiredMipLevels;
-
-                    bool samplerCanBeInvalid = params.filterMin > SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR;
-                    if (samplerCanBeInvalid && (!textureIsPowerOfTwo || !textureHasRequiredMipLevels)) {
-                        if (params.filterMin == SamplerMinFilter::NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST
-                            || params.filterMin == SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST) {
-                            params.filterMin = SamplerMinFilter::NEAREST;
-                        } else {
-                            params.filterMin = SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR;
-                        }
-                    }
-#endif
-                    
+                    SamplerParams const params = arg.params;
                     glTexParameteri(t->gl.target, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
                             (GLint)GLUtils::getTextureFilter(params.filterMin));
                     glTexParameteri(t->gl.target, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,

filament/backend/src/opengl/OpenGLPlatform.cpp

@@ -45,19 +45,6 @@ Driver* OpenGLPlatform::createDefaultDriver(OpenGLPlatform* platform,
 
 OpenGLPlatform::~OpenGLPlatform() noexcept = default;
 
-utils::CString OpenGLPlatform::getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType infoType,
-        Driver* driver) const noexcept {
-    switch (infoType) {
-        case DeviceInfoType::OPENGL_RENDERER:
-            return getRendererString(driver);
-        case DeviceInfoType::OPENGL_VENDOR:
-            return getVendorString(driver);
-        default:
-            FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(false) << "Unsupported DeviceInfoType for OpenGLPlatform";
-            return {};
-    }
-}
-
 utils::CString OpenGLPlatform::getVendorString(Driver const* driver) {
     auto const p = static_cast<OpenGLDriverBase const*>(driver);
 #if UTILS_HAS_RTTI

filament/backend/src/opengl/platforms/PlatformEGL.cpp

@@ -706,11 +706,10 @@ bool PlatformEGL::setExternalImage(ExternalImageHandleRef externalImage,
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 void PlatformEGL::initializeGlExtensions() noexcept {
+    // We're guaranteed to be on an ES platform, since we're using EGL
     const char* const extensions = (const char*)glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS);
-    if (extensions) {
-        GLUtils::unordered_string_set const glExtensions = GLUtils::split(extensions);
-        ext.gl.OES_EGL_image_external_essl3 = glExtensions.has("GL_OES_EGL_image_external_essl3");
-    }
+    GLUtils::unordered_string_set const glExtensions = GLUtils::split(extensions);
+    ext.gl.OES_EGL_image_external_essl3 = glExtensions.has("GL_OES_EGL_image_external_essl3");
 }
 
 EGLContext PlatformEGL::getContextForType(ContextType const type) const noexcept {

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanAsyncHandles.cpp

@@ -29,12 +29,6 @@ using namespace bluevk;
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
-std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence> VulkanCmdFence::completed() noexcept {
-    auto cmdFence = std::make_shared<VulkanCmdFence>(VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-    cmdFence->mStatus = VK_SUCCESS;
-    return cmdFence;
-}
-
 FenceStatus VulkanCmdFence::wait(VkDevice device, uint64_t const timeout,
     std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point const until) {
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanAsyncHandles.h

@@ -40,13 +40,6 @@ struct VulkanCmdFence {
     explicit VulkanCmdFence(VkFence fence) : mFence(fence) { }
     ~VulkanCmdFence() = default;
 
-    // Creates a VulkanCmdFence with its status set to VK_SUCCESS. It holds
-    // a null handle; it is assumed that any user of this object will avoid
-    // using the fence handle directly if getStatus() returns VK_SUCCESS, as
-    // in that case, it's likely the fence is being reused for other passes,
-    // and is not in the expected state anyway.
-    static std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence> completed() noexcept;
-
     void setStatus(VkResult const value) {
         std::lock_guard const l(mLock);
         mStatus = value;

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanCommands.h

@@ -277,11 +277,7 @@ private:
     fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanSemaphore> mLastSubmit;
 
     VkFence mLastFence = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    // Start out with a completed fence, because if no commands have
-    // been queued or submited, then by definition, all pending work
-    // is complete.
-    std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence> mLastFenceStatus =
-            VulkanCmdFence::completed();
+    std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence> mLastFenceStatus;
 
     VkPipelineStageFlags mInjectedDependencyWaitStage = 0;
 };

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanContext.h

@@ -137,14 +137,6 @@ public:
         return mFenceExportFlags;
     }
 
-    inline const char* getPhysicalDeviceName() const noexcept {
-        return mPhysicalDeviceProperties.properties.deviceName;
-    }
-
-    inline const char* getDriverName() const noexcept { return mDriverProperties.driverName; }
-
-    inline const char* getDriverInfo() const noexcept { return mDriverProperties.driverInfo; }
-
     inline bool isImageCubeArraySupported() const noexcept {
         return mPhysicalDeviceFeatures.features.imageCubeArray == VK_TRUE;
     }
@@ -220,16 +212,11 @@ public:
         return mGlobalPrioritySupported;
     }
 
-    inline bool isDriverPropertiesSupported() const noexcept { return mDriverPropertiesSupported; }
-
 private:
     VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties mMemoryProperties = {};
     VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 mPhysicalDeviceProperties = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2,
     };
-    VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties mDriverProperties = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DRIVER_PROPERTIES,
-    };
     VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features mPhysicalDeviceVk11Features = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_1_FEATURES,
     };
@@ -259,7 +246,6 @@ private:
     bool mProtectedMemorySupported = false;
     bool mVertexInputDynamicStateSupported = false;
     bool mGlobalPrioritySupported = false;
-    bool mDriverPropertiesSupported = false;
 
     // These are options that can be enabled or disabled at an application level.
     bool mAsyncPipelineCachePrewarmingEnabled = false;

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetCache.cpp

@@ -332,6 +332,7 @@ void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::commit(VulkanCommandBuffer* commands,
 void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::updateBuffer(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> set,
         uint8_t binding, fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanBufferObject> bufferObject,
         VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size) noexcept {
+    prepareForUpdate(set);
     VkDescriptorBufferInfo const info = {
         .buffer = bufferObject->getVkBuffer(),
         .offset = offset,
@@ -355,8 +356,30 @@ void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::updateBuffer(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescri
 }
 
 void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::updateSampler(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> set,
-        uint8_t binding, fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanTexture> texture,
-        VkSampler sampler, VkDescriptorSetLayout externalSamplerLayout) noexcept {
+        uint8_t binding, fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanTexture> texture, VkSampler sampler,
+        VkDescriptorSetLayout externalSamplerLayout) noexcept {
+
+    // We have to update a bound set for two use cases
+    //   - streaming API (a changing feed of AHardwareBuffer)
+    //   - external samplers - potential changing of dataspace per-frame
+
+    // TODO: Fix the stream flow case base on the above comment!!
+    if (set->isAnExternalSamplerBound) {
+        auto layout = set->getLayout();
+        // Build a new descriptor set from the new layout
+        VkDescriptorSetLayout const genLayout = set->boundLayout;
+        VkDescriptorSet const newSet = getVkSet(layout->count, genLayout);
+
+        VkDescriptorSet const srcSet = set->getVkSet();
+        copySet(srcSet, newSet, layout);
+        set->addNewSet(newSet,
+                [this, layoutCount = layout->count, genLayout, newSet](VulkanDescriptorSet*) {
+                    this->manualRecycle(layoutCount, genLayout, newSet);
+                });
+    } else {
+        prepareForUpdate(set);
+    }
+
     VkDescriptorSet const vkset = set->getVkSet();
     VkImageSubresourceRange range = texture->getPrimaryViewRange();
     VkImageViewType const expectedType = texture->getViewType();
@@ -405,28 +428,6 @@ fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> VulkanDescriptorSetCache::createSet
     return set;
 }
 
-void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::cloneSet(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> set,
-        fvkutils::SamplerBitmask samplerMask) noexcept {
-    auto const& layout = set->getLayout();
-    // Build a new descriptor set from layout
-    VkDescriptorSetLayout const genLayout = set->boundLayout;
-    VkDescriptorSet const newSet = getVkSet(layout->count, genLayout);
-
-    // Each bitmask denotes a binding index, and separated into two stages - vertex and buffer
-    // We fold the two stages into just the lower half of the bits to denote a combined set of
-    // bindings.
-    Bitmask const ubo = layout->bitmask.ubo | layout->bitmask.dynamicUbo;
-    // Don't copy the samplers in the mask
-    Bitmask samplers = layout->bitmask.sampler ^ samplerMask;
-    Bitmask const copyBindings = foldBitsInHalf(ubo | samplers);
-
-    VkDescriptorSet const srcSet = set->getVkSet();
-    copySet(srcSet, newSet, copyBindings);
-    set->addNewSet(newSet,
-            [this, layoutCount = layout->count, genLayout, newSet](
-                    VulkanDescriptorSet*) { this->manualRecycle(layoutCount, genLayout, newSet); });
-}
-
 VkDescriptorSet VulkanDescriptorSetCache::getVkSet(DescriptorCount const& count,
         VkDescriptorSetLayout vklayout) {
     return mDescriptorPool->obtainSet(count, vklayout);
@@ -443,21 +444,41 @@ void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::manualRecycle(VulkanDescriptorSetLayout::Count co
 
 void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::gc() { mStashedSets = {}; }
 
+void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::prepareForUpdate(
+        fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> set) noexcept {
+    if (set->isBound()) {
+        auto layout = set->getLayout();
+        VkDescriptorSetLayout const vklayout = set->boundLayout;
+        VkDescriptorSet const newSet = mDescriptorPool->obtainSet(layout->count, vklayout);
+        copySet(set->getVkSet(), newSet, layout);
+        set->addNewSet(newSet,
+                [this, layoutCount = layout->count, vklayout, newSet](VulkanDescriptorSet*) {
+                    this->manualRecycle(layoutCount, vklayout, newSet);
+                });
+    }
+}
+
 void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::copySet(VkDescriptorSet srcSet, VkDescriptorSet dstSet,
-        fvkutils::SamplerBitmask bindings) const {
-    // TODO: fix the size for better memory management
+        fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout> layout) const {
+    Bitmask const ubo = layout->bitmask.ubo | layout->bitmask.dynamicUbo;
+    Bitmask const samplers = layout->bitmask.sampler;
+    Bitmask const inputAttachments = layout->bitmask.inputAttachment;
+    Bitmask const bindings = foldBitsInHalf(ubo | samplers | inputAttachments);
+
     std::vector<VkCopyDescriptorSet> copies;
     bindings.forEachSetBit([&](size_t index) {
         copies.push_back({
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
-            .srcSet = srcSet,
-            .srcBinding = (uint32_t) index,
-            .dstSet = dstSet,
-            .dstBinding = (uint32_t) index,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
+                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+                .srcSet = srcSet,
+                .srcBinding = (uint32_t) index,
+                .dstSet = dstSet,
+                .dstBinding = (uint32_t) index,
+                .descriptorCount = 1,
         });
     });
-    vkUpdateDescriptorSets(mDevice, 0, nullptr, copies.size(), copies.data());
+    if (!copies.empty()) {
+        vkUpdateDescriptorSets(mDevice, 0, nullptr, (uint32_t) copies.size(), copies.data());
+    }
 }
 
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSetCache.h

@@ -76,11 +76,6 @@ public:
     fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> createSet(Handle<HwDescriptorSet> handle,
             fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout> layout);
 
-    // Create and set as current a new VkDescriptorSet using the `set` currently bound layout and
-    // copy all the bindings and ignoring the samplers bindings in the `samplerMask`.
-    void cloneSet(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> set,
-            fvkutils::SamplerBitmask samplerMask) noexcept;
-
     // This method is meant to be used with external samplers
     VkDescriptorSet getVkSet(DescriptorCount const& count, VkDescriptorSetLayout vklayout);
 
@@ -95,8 +90,10 @@ public:
     void resetCachedState() noexcept { mLastBoundInfo = {}; }
 
 private:
+    void prepareForUpdate(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> set) noexcept;
+
     void copySet(VkDescriptorSet srcSet, VkDescriptorSet destSet,
-            fvkutils::SamplerBitmask copyBindings) const;
+            fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout> layout) const;
 
     class DescriptorInfinitePool;
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanDriver.cpp

@@ -260,8 +260,7 @@ VulkanDriver::VulkanDriver(VulkanPlatform* platform, VulkanContext& context,
       mPipelineCache(*this, mPlatform->getDevice(), mContext),
       mStagePool(mAllocator, &mResourceManager, &mCommands, &mContext.getPhysicalDeviceLimits()),
       mBufferCache(mContext, mResourceManager, mAllocator),
-      mFramebufferCache(mPlatform->getDevice(),
-              mPlatform->getCustomization().timeBeforeEvictionFbo),
+      mFramebufferCache(mPlatform->getDevice()),
       mYcbcrConversionCache(mPlatform->getDevice()),
       mSamplerCache(mPlatform->getDevice()),
       mBlitter(mPlatform->getPhysicalDevice(), &mCommands),
@@ -1914,6 +1913,9 @@ void VulkanDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth, const RenderPassP
 
     auto rt = resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget>::cast(&mResourceManager, rth);
 
+    VulkanCommandBuffer* commandBuffer = rt->isProtected() ?
+           &mCommands.getProtected() : &mCommands.get();
+
     // Filament has the expectation that the contents of the swap chain are not preserved on the
     // first render pass. Note however that its contents are often preserved on subsequent render
     // passes, due to multiple views.
@@ -1928,11 +1930,6 @@ void VulkanDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth, const RenderPassP
         }
     }
 
-    // Note that this needs to come after the acquireNextswapchainImage() above because that path
-    // might flush the current command buffer.
-    VulkanCommandBuffer* commandBuffer =
-            rt->isProtected() ? &mCommands.getProtected() : &mCommands.get();
-
     // Note that retrieving the extent must come after the acquireNextSwapchainImage() above;
     // otherwise it might be 0.
     VkExtent2D const extent = rt->getExtent();
@@ -1990,7 +1987,7 @@ void VulkanDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth, const RenderPassP
     rt->emitBarriersBeginRenderPass(*commandBuffer);
 
     fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer> vkfb =
-            mFramebufferCache.getFramebuffer(fbkey, &mResourceManager, rt);
+            mFramebufferCache.getFramebuffer(fbkey, &mResourceManager);
 
 // Assign a label to the framebuffer for debugging purposes.
 #if FVK_ENABLED(FVK_DEBUG_GROUP_MARKERS | FVK_DEBUG_DEBUG_UTILS)

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanExternalImageManager.cpp

@@ -94,9 +94,6 @@ void VulkanExternalImageManager::updateSetAndLayout(
     fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout> const& layout = set->getLayout();
     set->boundLayout = mDescriptorSetLayoutCache->getVkLayout(layout->bitmask,
             actualExternalSamplers, outSamplers);
-
-    mDescriptorSetCache->cloneSet(set, actualExternalSamplers);
-
     // Update the external samplers in the set
     for (auto& [binding, sampler, image]: samplerAndBindings) {
         // We cannot call updateSamplerForExternalSamplerSet because some samplers are non NULL

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanFboCache.cpp

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include "VulkanHandles.h"
 #include "vulkan/utils/Image.h"
 
-#include <utils/compiler.h>
 #include <utils/Panic.h>
 
 // If any VkRenderPass or VkFramebuffer is unused for more than TIME_BEFORE_EVICTION frames, it
@@ -63,18 +62,16 @@ bool VulkanFboCache::FboKeyEqualFn::operator()(const FboKey& k1, const FboKey& k
     return true;
 }
 
-VulkanFboCache::VulkanFboCache(VkDevice device, uint32_t timeBeforeEvictionFbo)
-        : mDevice(device),
-          mTimeBeforeEvictionFbo(timeBeforeEvictionFbo) {}
+VulkanFboCache::VulkanFboCache(VkDevice device)
+    : mDevice(device) {}
 
 VulkanFboCache::~VulkanFboCache() {
     FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(mFramebufferCache.empty() && mRenderPassCache.empty())
             << "Please explicitly call terminate() while the VkDevice is still alive.";
 }
 
-fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer> VulkanFboCache::getFramebuffer(FboKey const& config,
-        fvkmemory::ResourceManager* resManager,
-        fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget> renderTarget) noexcept {
+fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer> VulkanFboCache::getFramebuffer(
+        FboKey const& config, fvkmemory::ResourceManager* resManager) noexcept {
     FboMap::iterator iter = mFramebufferCache.find(config);
     if (UTILS_LIKELY(iter != mFramebufferCache.end())) {
         iter.value().timestamp = mCurrentTime;
@@ -123,9 +120,8 @@ fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer> VulkanFboCache::getFramebuffer(FboKey
     FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(error == VK_SUCCESS) << "Unable to create framebuffer."
                                                      << " error=" << static_cast<int32_t>(error);
     fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer> fbh =
-            fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer>::construct(resManager, mDevice, framebuffer,
-                    renderTarget);
-    mFramebufferCache[config] = { fbh, mCurrentTime };
+        fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer>::construct(resManager, mDevice, framebuffer);
+    mFramebufferCache[config] = {fbh, mCurrentTime};
     return fbh;
 }
 
@@ -378,36 +374,31 @@ void VulkanFboCache::gc() noexcept {
     FVK_SYSTRACE_START("fbocache::gc");
 
     // If this is one of the first few frames, return early to avoid wrapping unsigned integers.
-    ++mCurrentTime;
+    if (++mCurrentTime <= TIME_BEFORE_EVICTION) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const uint32_t evictTime = mCurrentTime - TIME_BEFORE_EVICTION;
 
-    if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(mCurrentTime > mTimeBeforeEvictionFbo)) {
-        const uint32_t evictTimeFbo = mCurrentTime - mTimeBeforeEvictionFbo;
-        for (FboMap::iterator iter = mFramebufferCache.begin(); iter != mFramebufferCache.end();) {
-            const FboVal fbo = iter->second;
-            if (fbo.timestamp < evictTimeFbo && fbo.handle) {
-                mRenderPassRefCount[iter->first.renderPass]--;
+    for (FboMap::iterator iter = mFramebufferCache.begin(); iter != mFramebufferCache.end(); ) {
+        const FboVal fbo = iter->second;
+        if (fbo.timestamp < evictTime && fbo.handle) {
+            mRenderPassRefCount[iter->first.renderPass]--;
 
-                // erase(iterator) returns the iterator to the next element.
-                iter = mFramebufferCache.erase(iter);
-            } else {
-                ++iter;
-            }
+            // erase(iterator) returns the iterator to the next element.
+            iter = mFramebufferCache.erase(iter);
+        } else {
+            ++iter;
         }
     }
 
-    if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(mCurrentTime > TIME_BEFORE_EVICTION)) {
-        const uint32_t evictTimeRp = mCurrentTime - TIME_BEFORE_EVICTION;
-        for (RenderPassMap::iterator iter = mRenderPassCache.begin();
-                iter != mRenderPassCache.end();) {
-            const VkRenderPass handle = iter->second.handle->getVkRenderPass();
-            if (iter->second.timestamp < evictTimeRp && handle &&
-                    mRenderPassRefCount[handle] == 0) {
-                // erase(iterator) returns the iterator to the next element.
-                iter = mRenderPassCache.erase(iter);
-                mRenderPassRefCount.erase(handle);
-            } else {
-                ++iter;
-            }
+    for (RenderPassMap::iterator iter = mRenderPassCache.begin(); iter != mRenderPassCache.end(); ) {
+        const VkRenderPass handle = iter->second.handle->getVkRenderPass();
+        if (iter->second.timestamp < evictTime && handle && mRenderPassRefCount[handle] == 0) {
+            // erase(iterator) returns the iterator to the next element.
+            iter = mRenderPassCache.erase(iter);
+            mRenderPassRefCount.erase(handle);
+        } else {
+            ++iter;
         }
     }
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanFboCache.h

@@ -100,13 +100,12 @@ public:
         bool operator()(const FboKey& k1, const FboKey& k2) const;
     };
 
-    explicit VulkanFboCache(VkDevice device, uint32_t timeBeforeEvictionFbo);
+    explicit VulkanFboCache(VkDevice device);
     ~VulkanFboCache();
 
     // Retrieves or creates a VkFramebuffer handle.
-    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer> getFramebuffer(FboKey const& config,
-            fvkmemory::ResourceManager* resManager,
-            fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget> renderTarget) noexcept;
+    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer> getFramebuffer(
+        FboKey const& config, fvkmemory::ResourceManager* resManager) noexcept;
 
     // Retrieves or creates a VkRenderPass handle.
     fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderPass> getRenderPass(
@@ -130,7 +129,6 @@ private:
     RenderPassMap mRenderPassCache;
     tsl::robin_map<VkRenderPass, uint32_t> mRenderPassRefCount;
     uint32_t mCurrentTime = 0;
-    uint32_t mTimeBeforeEvictionFbo;
 };
 
 } // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanHandles.cpp

@@ -260,8 +260,8 @@ void VulkanDescriptorSet::gc() {
 
 void VulkanDescriptorSet::addNewSet(VkDescriptorSet vkSet, OnRecycle&& onRecycleFn) {
     gc();
-    mCurrentSetIndex = mSets.size();
     mSets.push_back({ vkSet, std::move(onRecycleFn) });
+    mCurrentSetIndex = (uint8_t) (mSets.size() - 1);
 }
 
 PushConstantDescription::PushConstantDescription(backend::Program const& program) {
@@ -715,11 +715,8 @@ VulkanRenderPrimitive::VulkanRenderPrimitive(PrimitiveType pt,
       vertexBuffer(vb),
       indexBuffer(ib) {}
 
-VulkanFramebuffer::VulkanFramebuffer(VkDevice device, VkFramebuffer framebuffer,
-        fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget> renderTarget)
-        : mDevice(device),
-          mFramebuffer(framebuffer),
-          mRenderTarget(renderTarget) {}
+VulkanFramebuffer::VulkanFramebuffer(VkDevice device, VkFramebuffer framebuffer)
+    : mDevice(device), mFramebuffer(framebuffer) {}
 
 VulkanFramebuffer::~VulkanFramebuffer() {
     vkDestroyFramebuffer(mDevice, mFramebuffer, VKALLOC);

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanHandles.h

@@ -191,11 +191,12 @@ public:
     void referencedBy(VulkanCommandBuffer& commands);
 
     bool isBound() const {
-        return bool(mSets[mCurrentSetIndex].fenceStatus);
+        auto const& set = mSets[mCurrentSetIndex];
+        return set.fenceStatus && set.fenceStatus->getStatus() != VK_SUCCESS;
     }
 
     // The current layout used by the descriptor set. This one will match the bindings, including
-    // external samplers data.
+    // external samplers data. 
     // This will not necessarilly be the same as `mLayout`.
     VkDescriptorSetLayout boundLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ public:
 
     fvkutils::UniformBufferBitmask const& dynamicUboMask;
     uint8_t const uniqueDynamicUboCount;
-
+    
     // Flag to indicate if the current layout needs to be recreated or not.
     // This should only set to `true` when a external sampler image is bound to the descriptor set.
     bool isLayoutDirty = false;
@@ -586,9 +587,7 @@ struct VulkanRenderPrimitive : public HwRenderPrimitive, fvkmemory::Resource {
 };
 
 struct VulkanFramebuffer : public fvkmemory::Resource {
-    VulkanFramebuffer(VkDevice device,
-            VkFramebuffer framebuffer,
-            fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget> renderTarget);
+    VulkanFramebuffer(VkDevice device, VkFramebuffer framebuffer);
     ~VulkanFramebuffer();
 
     inline VkFramebuffer getVkFramebuffer() const noexcept {
@@ -598,11 +597,6 @@ struct VulkanFramebuffer : public fvkmemory::Resource {
 private:
     VkDevice mDevice;
     VkFramebuffer mFramebuffer;
-
-    // We need to keep a reference to the renderTarget because the key of the framebuffer in the
-    // cache has references to the image views that are derived from the textures of the render
-    // target.
-    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget> mRenderTarget;
 };
 
 struct VulkanRenderPass : public fvkmemory::Resource {

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanTexture.cpp

@@ -780,10 +780,16 @@ void VulkanTexture::samplerToAttachmentBarrier(VulkanCommandBuffer* commands,
     VkCommandBuffer const cmdbuf = commands->buffer();
     VkImageLayout const layout =
             fvkutils::getVkLayout(getLayout(range.baseArrayLayer, range.baseMipLevel));
+
+    const bool isDepth = fvkutils::isVkDepthFormat(mState->mVkFormat);
+
     VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
         .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
-        .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+        .dstAccessMask = static_cast<VkAccessFlags>(isDepth ? (VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT |
+                                    VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT)
+                                 : (VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT |
+                                    VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT)),
         .oldLayout = layout,
         .newLayout = layout,
         .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
@@ -791,9 +797,13 @@ void VulkanTexture::samplerToAttachmentBarrier(VulkanCommandBuffer* commands,
         .image = mState->mTextureImage,
         .subresourceRange = range,
     };
+
+    VkPipelineStageFlags dstStage = isDepth ? (VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT |
+                                               VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT)
+                                            : VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
+
     vkCmdPipelineBarrier(cmdbuf, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
-            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT |
-                    VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+            dstStage,
             0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &barrier);
 }
 
@@ -802,9 +812,13 @@ void VulkanTexture::attachmentToSamplerBarrier(VulkanCommandBuffer* commands,
     VkCommandBuffer const cmdbuf = commands->buffer();
     VkImageLayout const layout
             = fvkutils::getVkLayout(getLayout(range.baseArrayLayer, range.baseMipLevel));
+
+    const bool isDepth = fvkutils::isVkDepthFormat(mState->mVkFormat);
+
     VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
-        .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+        .srcAccessMask = static_cast<VkAccessFlags>(isDepth ? VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT
+                                 : VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT),
         .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
         .oldLayout = layout,
         .newLayout = layout,
@@ -813,7 +827,12 @@ void VulkanTexture::attachmentToSamplerBarrier(VulkanCommandBuffer* commands,
         .image = mState->mTextureImage,
         .subresourceRange = range,
     };
-    vkCmdPipelineBarrier(cmdbuf, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+
+    VkPipelineStageFlags srcStage = isDepth ? (VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT |
+                                               VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT)
+                                            : VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
+
+    vkCmdPipelineBarrier(cmdbuf, srcStage,
             VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, 0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &barrier);
 }
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/memory/ResourceManager.cpp

@@ -41,23 +41,55 @@ void ResourceManager::gc() noexcept {
         list.clear();
     };
 
+    FrameGcList frameGc;
+
     {
         // Note that we're not copying mThreadSafeGcList because the objects here do not have
         // resource_ptrs to other handle objects, so their desctruction would not add more elements
         // to mThreadSafeGcList.
         std::unique_lock<utils::Mutex> lock(mThreadSafeGcListMutex);
-        destroyAll(mThreadSafeGcList);
+        std::swap(frameGc.threadSafeGcList, mThreadSafeGcList);
     }
 
-    GcList gcs;
-    std::swap(gcs, mGcList);
-    destroyAll(gcs);
+    std::swap(frameGc.gcList, mGcList);
+
+    mFramesGcList.push_back(std::move(frameGc));
+
+    if (mFramesGcList.size() > 4) {
+        FrameGcList oldest = std::move(mFramesGcList.front());
+        mFramesGcList.erase(mFramesGcList.begin());
+        destroyAll(oldest.threadSafeGcList);
+        destroyAll(oldest.gcList);
+    }
     FVK_SYSTRACE_END();
 }
 
 void ResourceManager::terminate() noexcept {
-    while (!mThreadSafeGcList.empty() || !mGcList.empty()) {
-        gc();
+    auto destroyAll = [this](GcList& list) {
+        for (auto const& [type, id]: list) {
+            destroyWithType(type, id);
+        }
+        list.clear();
+    };
+
+    while (!mThreadSafeGcList.empty() || !mGcList.empty() || !mFramesGcList.empty()) {
+        if (!mFramesGcList.empty()) {
+            FrameGcList oldest = std::move(mFramesGcList.front());
+            mFramesGcList.erase(mFramesGcList.begin());
+            destroyAll(oldest.threadSafeGcList);
+            destroyAll(oldest.gcList);
+        }
+
+        GcList threadSafeList;
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<utils::Mutex> lock(mThreadSafeGcListMutex);
+            std::swap(threadSafeList, mThreadSafeGcList);
+        }
+        destroyAll(threadSafeList);
+
+        GcList gcs;
+        std::swap(gcs, mGcList);
+        destroyAll(gcs);
     }
 }
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/memory/ResourceManager.h

@@ -100,6 +100,12 @@ private:
     GcList mThreadSafeGcList;
     GcList mGcList;
 
+    struct FrameGcList {
+        GcList threadSafeGcList;
+        GcList gcList;
+    };
+    std::vector<FrameGcList> mFramesGcList;
+
     template<typename D>
     friend struct resource_ptr;
 

filament/backend/src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatform.cpp

@@ -704,30 +704,6 @@ VulkanPlatform::VulkanPlatform() = default;
 
 VulkanPlatform::~VulkanPlatform() = default;
 
-utils::CString VulkanPlatform::getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType infoType,
-        Driver* driver) const noexcept {
-    if (mImpl->mPhysicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-        return {};
-    }
-    auto& context = mImpl->mContext;
-    switch (infoType) {
-        case DeviceInfoType::VULKAN_DEVICE_NAME: {
-            return utils::CString(context.getPhysicalDeviceName());
-        }
-        case DeviceInfoType::VULKAN_DRIVER_NAME: {
-            return context.isDriverPropertiesSupported() ? utils::CString(context.getDriverName())
-                                                         : utils::CString();
-        }
-        case DeviceInfoType::VULKAN_DRIVER_INFO: {
-            return context.isDriverPropertiesSupported() ? utils::CString(context.getDriverInfo())
-                                                         : utils::CString();
-        }
-        default:
-            FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(false) << "Unsupported DeviceInfoType for VulkanPlatform";
-            return {};
-    }
-}
-
 VulkanPlatform::SwapChainBundle VulkanPlatform::getSwapChainBundle(SwapChainPtr handle) {
     return static_cast<VulkanPlatformSwapChainBase*>(handle)->getSwapChainBundle();
 }
@@ -976,11 +952,6 @@ void VulkanPlatform::queryAndSetDeviceFeatures(Platform::DriverConfig const& dri
         chainStruct(&context.mPhysicalDeviceFeatures, &globalPriorityFeatures);
     }
 
-    if (vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2) {
-        chainStruct(&context.mPhysicalDeviceProperties, &context.mDriverProperties);
-        context.mDriverPropertiesSupported = true;
-    }
-
     // Initialize the following fields: physicalDeviceProperties, memoryProperties,
     // physicalDeviceFeatures.
     vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(mImpl->mPhysicalDevice, &context.mPhysicalDeviceProperties);

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUDriver.cpp

@@ -192,15 +192,8 @@ void WebGPUDriver::flush(int) {
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::finish(int /* dummy */) {
+    mReadPixelMapsCounter.waitForAllToFinish();
     mQueueManager.finish();
-
-    // We use polling to advance webgpu's callback counter until all the read backs have been
-    // processed. Note that blocking with mReadPixelMapsCounter.waitForAllToFinish will only
-    // deadlock since we could not advance the counter.
-    while (!mReadPixelMapsCounter.isIdle()) {
-        mAdapter.GetInstance().ProcessEvents();
-        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
-    }
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::destroyRenderPrimitive(Handle<HwRenderPrimitive> rph) {
@@ -947,6 +940,10 @@ size_t WebGPUDriver::getUniformBufferOffsetAlignment(){
 
 void WebGPUDriver::updateIndexBuffer(Handle<HwIndexBuffer> indexBufferHandle,
         BufferDescriptor&& bufferDescriptor, const uint32_t byteOffset) {
+    // make sure command elements (draws, etc.) prior to the buffer update are processed before the
+    // update on the GPU, otherwise the expected data may not be available at the time certain
+    // draw calls are made.
+    flush();
     handleCast<WebGPUIndexBuffer>(indexBufferHandle)
             ->updateGPUBuffer(bufferDescriptor, byteOffset, mDevice, &mQueueManager, &mStagePool);
     scheduleDestroy(std::move(bufferDescriptor));
@@ -961,6 +958,10 @@ void WebGPUDriver::updateIndexBufferAsyncR(AsyncCallId jobId,
 
 void WebGPUDriver::updateBufferObject(Handle<HwBufferObject> bufferObjectHandle,
         BufferDescriptor&& bufferDescriptor, const uint32_t byteOffset) {
+    // make sure command elements (draws, etc.) prior to the buffer update are processed before the
+    // update on the GPU, otherwise the expected data may not be available at the time certain
+    // draw calls are made.
+    flush();
     handleCast<WebGPUBufferObject>(bufferObjectHandle)
             ->updateGPUBuffer(bufferDescriptor, byteOffset, mDevice, &mQueueManager, &mStagePool);
     scheduleDestroy(std::move(bufferDescriptor));
@@ -1007,6 +1008,10 @@ void WebGPUDriver::update3DImage(Handle<HwTexture> textureHandle, const uint32_t
         const uint32_t xoffset, const uint32_t yoffset, const uint32_t zoffset,
         const uint32_t width, const uint32_t height, const uint32_t depth,
         PixelBufferDescriptor&& pixelBufferDescriptor) {
+    // one way or another this function writes texture(s), thus any commands (draw calls etc.) should
+    // get submitted prior to these updates so that subsequent commands/draws run with the
+    // image/texture(s) updated as expected.
+    flush();
     PixelBufferDescriptor* inputData{ &pixelBufferDescriptor };
     PixelBufferDescriptor reshapedData;
     if (reshape(pixelBufferDescriptor, reshapedData)) {
@@ -1178,6 +1183,11 @@ void WebGPUDriver::generateMipmaps(Handle<HwTexture> textureHandle) {
         return; // nothing to do
     }
 
+    // make sure command elements (draws, etc.) prior to the texture update are processed before the
+    // update on the GPU.
+    // this ensures subsequent draw calls are run after the mipmaps have been generated as expected
+    flush();
+
     const auto usage = wgpuTexture.GetUsage();
     FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(usage & wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding)
             << "Texture for mipmap generation must have TextureBinding usage.";
@@ -1366,9 +1376,6 @@ void WebGPUDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> renderTargetHandle,
             customDepthStencilMsaaSidecarTextureView);
 
     mRenderPassEncoder = commandEncoder.BeginRenderPass(&renderPassDescriptor);
-
-    // TODO: there's a bug here because the webgpu viewport has the origin at top-left, whereas
-    // filament expects it to be bottom left.
     mRenderPassEncoder.SetViewport(
             static_cast<float>(params.viewport.left),
             static_cast<float>(params.viewport.bottom),
@@ -1456,6 +1463,7 @@ void WebGPUDriver::stopCapture(int /* dummy */) {
 void WebGPUDriver::readPixels(Handle<HwRenderTarget> sourceRenderTargetHandle, const uint32_t x,
         const uint32_t y, const uint32_t width, const uint32_t height,
         PixelBufferDescriptor&& pixelBufferDescriptor) {
+    flush();
     const auto srcTarget{ handleCast<WebGPURenderTarget>(sourceRenderTargetHandle) };
     assert_invariant(srcTarget);
 
@@ -1513,7 +1521,10 @@ void WebGPUDriver::readTextureToBuffer(wgpu::Texture srcTexture, uint32_t level,
         return;
     }
 
-    auto commandEncoder = mQueueManager.getCommandEncoder();
+    const wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor commandEncoderDescriptor{
+        .label = "read_texture_to_buffer_command",
+    };
+    auto commandEncoder = mDevice.CreateCommandEncoder(&commandEncoderDescriptor);
     FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(commandEncoder)
             << "Failed to create command encoder for readTextureToBuffer?";
 
@@ -1635,6 +1646,9 @@ void WebGPUDriver::readTextureToBuffer(wgpu::Texture srcTexture, uint32_t level,
         .depthOrArrayLayers = 1,
     };
     commandEncoder.CopyTextureToBuffer(&source, &destination, &copySize);
+    wgpu::CommandBuffer commandBuffer = commandEncoder.Finish();
+    assert_invariant(commandBuffer);
+    mDevice.GetQueue().Submit(1, &commandBuffer);
 
     // Map the buffer to read the data
     struct UserData final {
@@ -1655,9 +1669,6 @@ void WebGPUDriver::readTextureToBuffer(wgpu::Texture srcTexture, uint32_t level,
     });
 
     mReadPixelMapsCounter.startTask();
-    // We need to flush here before we can readback from the staging buffer since the copy op is
-    // pending to be submitted.
-    mQueueManager.flush();
     userData->buffer.MapAsync(
             wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, bufferSize, wgpu::CallbackMode::AllowSpontaneous,
             [](wgpu::MapAsyncStatus status, const char* message, UserData* userdata) {
@@ -1750,6 +1761,7 @@ void WebGPUDriver::blitDEPRECATED(TargetBufferFlags buffers,
     const wgpu::Extent2D destinationSize{ static_cast<uint32_t>(destinationViewport.width),
         static_cast<uint32_t>(destinationViewport.height) };
 
+    mQueueManager.flush();
     wgpu::CommandEncoder commandEncoder = mQueueManager.getCommandEncoder();
     const WebGPUBlitter::BlitArgs blitArgs{
         .source = { .texture = sourceTexture->getTexture(),
@@ -1769,6 +1781,8 @@ void WebGPUDriver::blitDEPRECATED(TargetBufferFlags buffers,
         .filter = filter,
     };
     mBlitter.blit(mDevice.GetQueue(), commandEncoder, blitArgs);
+
+    mQueueManager.flush();
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::resolve(Handle<HwTexture> destinationTextureHandle, const uint8_t sourceLevel,
@@ -1808,6 +1822,7 @@ void WebGPUDriver::blit(Handle<HwTexture> destinationTextureHandle, const uint8_
         Handle<HwTexture> sourceTextureHandle, const uint8_t destinationLevel,
         const uint8_t destinationLayer, const math::uint2 sourceOrigin, const math::uint2 size) {
     FWGPU_SYSTRACE_SCOPE();
+    mQueueManager.flush();
     wgpu::CommandEncoder commandEncoder = mQueueManager.getCommandEncoder();
     const auto sourceTexture{ handleCast<WebGPUTexture>(sourceTextureHandle) };
     const auto destinationTexture{ handleCast<WebGPUTexture>(destinationTextureHandle) };
@@ -1831,6 +1846,7 @@ void WebGPUDriver::blit(Handle<HwTexture> destinationTextureHandle, const uint8_
         .filter = SamplerMagFilter::NEAREST,
     };
     mBlitter.blit(mDevice.GetQueue(), commandEncoder, blitArgs);
+    mQueueManager.flush();
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::bindPipeline(PipelineState const& pipelineState) {

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUSwapChain.h

@@ -50,9 +50,6 @@ public:
 
     [[nodiscard]] bool isHeadless() const { return mType == SwapChainType::HEADLESS; }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] uint32_t getWidth() const { return mConfig.width; }
-    [[nodiscard]] uint32_t getHeight() const { return mConfig.height; }
-
     void present(DriverBase& driver);
 
     void setFrameScheduledCallback(CallbackHandler* handler, FrameScheduledCallback&& callback) {

filament/backend/src/webgpu/utils/AsyncTaskCounter.cpp

@@ -41,10 +41,5 @@ void AsyncTaskCounter::waitForAllToFinish() {
     mFinishedCondition.wait(lock, [this] { return mTasksInProgress == 0; });
 }
 
-bool AsyncTaskCounter::isIdle() {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock{ mMutex };
-    return mTasksInProgress == 0;
-}
-
 } // namespace filament::backend::webgpuutils
 

filament/backend/src/webgpu/utils/AsyncTaskCounter.h

@@ -51,11 +51,6 @@ public:
      */
     void waitForAllToFinish();
 
-    /**
-     * Check if all tasks have finished (work counter is 0) (thread-safe)
-     */
-    bool isIdle();
-
 private:
     std::mutex mMutex;
     std::condition_variable mFinishedCondition;

filament/backend/test/linux_runner.cpp

@@ -35,10 +35,9 @@ test::NativeView getNativeView() {
 
 namespace {
 
-std::array<test::Backend, 3> const VALID_BACKENDS{
-    test::Backend::OPENGL,
-    test::Backend::VULKAN,
-    test::Backend::WEBGPU
+std::array<test::Backend, 2> const VALID_BACKENDS{
+        test::Backend::OPENGL,
+        test::Backend::VULKAN,
 };
 
 }// namespace

filament/backend/test/test_Platform.cpp

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2026 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <backend/Platform.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <private/backend/PlatformFactory.h>
-
-namespace filament::backend {
-
-TEST(PlatformTest, GetDeviceInfo) {
-    Backend backend = Backend::DEFAULT;
-    Platform* platform = PlatformFactory::create(&backend);
-    ASSERT_NE(platform, nullptr);
-
-    // Test valid queries for the current platform (will be either GL, Vulkan, or Metal depending on
-    // host)
-    if (backend == Backend::OPENGL) {
-        platform->getDeviceInfo(Platform::DeviceInfoType::OPENGL_RENDERER, nullptr);
-        platform->getDeviceInfo(Platform::DeviceInfoType::OPENGL_VENDOR, nullptr);
-
-        // Death tests for Vulkan info on OpenGL platform
-        EXPECT_DEATH(platform->getDeviceInfo(Platform::DeviceInfoType::VULKAN_DEVICE_NAME, nullptr),
-                "Unsupported DeviceInfoType");
-    } else if (backend == Backend::VULKAN) {
-        platform->getDeviceInfo(Platform::DeviceInfoType::VULKAN_DEVICE_NAME, nullptr);
-        platform->getDeviceInfo(Platform::DeviceInfoType::VULKAN_DRIVER_NAME, nullptr);
-        platform->getDeviceInfo(Platform::DeviceInfoType::VULKAN_DRIVER_INFO, nullptr);
-
-        // Death tests for OpenGL info on Vulkan platform
-        EXPECT_DEATH(platform->getDeviceInfo(Platform::DeviceInfoType::OPENGL_RENDERER, nullptr),
-                "Unsupported DeviceInfoType");
-    }
-
-    PlatformFactory::destroy(&platform);
-}
-
-} // namespace filament::backend

filament/include/filament/LightManager.h

@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ public:
         } vsm;
 
         /**
-         * Light bulb radius used for soft shadows. Currently, this is only used when DPCF or PCSS is
+         * Light bulb radius used for soft shadows. Currently this is only used when DPCF or PCSS is
          * enabled. (2cm by default).
          */
         float shadowBulbRadius = 0.02f;

filament/include/filament/Options.h

@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ struct VsmShadowOptions {
     bool highPrecision = false;
 
     /**
-     * @deprecated has no effect.
+     * VSM minimum variance scale, must be positive.
      */
     float minVarianceScale = 0.5f;
 

filament/src/Froxelizer.cpp

@@ -227,6 +227,7 @@ bool Froxelizer::prepare(
         const mat4f& projection, float const projectionNear, float const projectionFar,
         float4 const& clipTransform) noexcept {
     assert_invariant(projectionFar > projectionNear);
+    assert_invariant(projectionNear > 0);
     setViewport(viewport);
     setProjection(projection, projectionNear, projectionFar);
 

filament/src/LocalProgramCache.cpp

@@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2026 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "LocalProgramCache.h"
-#include "MaterialParser.h"
-
-#include "details/Engine.h"
-#include "details/Material.h"
-
-#include <backend/DriverApiForward.h>
-
-namespace filament {
-
-using namespace backend;
-using namespace utils;
-
-LocalProgramCache::LocalProgramCache(LocalProgramCache const& other)
-        : mMaterial(other.mMaterial),
-          mCachedPrograms(other.mCachedPrograms.size()),
-          mSpecializationConstants((other.mMaterial != nullptr)
-                                           ? other.mMaterial->getEngine()
-                                                     .getMaterialCache()
-                                                     .getSpecializationConstantsInternPool()
-                                                     .acquire(other.mSpecializationConstants)
-                                           : SpecializationConstants()) {}
-
-LocalProgramCache& LocalProgramCache::operator=(LocalProgramCache const& other) {
-    assert_invariant(mMaterial == nullptr);
-    assert_invariant(mCachedPrograms.empty());
-    assert_invariant(mSpecializationConstants.empty());
-
-    mMaterial = other.mMaterial;
-    if (mMaterial != nullptr) {
-        mCachedPrograms = FixedCapacityVector<Handle<HwProgram>>(other.mCachedPrograms.size());
-        mSpecializationConstants = other.mMaterial->getEngine()
-                .getMaterialCache()
-                .getSpecializationConstantsInternPool()
-                .acquire(other.mSpecializationConstants);
-    }
-
-    return *this;
-}
-
-void LocalProgramCache::initializeForMaterial(FEngine& engine, FMaterial const& material,
-        utils::FixedCapacityVector<backend::Program::SpecializationConstant>
-                specializationConstants) {
-    assert_invariant(mMaterial == nullptr);
-    assert_invariant(mCachedPrograms.empty());
-    assert_invariant(mSpecializationConstants.empty());
-
-    mMaterial = &material;
-
-    mSpecializationConstants =
-            engine.getMaterialCache().getSpecializationConstantsInternPool().acquire(
-                    std::move(specializationConstants));
-
-    size_t cachedProgramsSize;
-    switch (material.getMaterialDomain()) {
-        case filament::MaterialDomain::SURFACE:
-            cachedProgramsSize = 1 << VARIANT_BITS;
-            break;
-        case filament::MaterialDomain::POST_PROCESS:
-            cachedProgramsSize = 1 << POST_PROCESS_VARIANT_BITS;
-            break;
-        case filament::MaterialDomain::COMPUTE:
-            cachedProgramsSize = 1;
-            break;
-    }
-    mCachedPrograms = FixedCapacityVector<Handle<HwProgram>>(cachedProgramsSize);
-
-    material.getDefinition().acquirePrograms(engine, mCachedPrograms.as_slice(),
-            material.getMaterialParser(), mSpecializationConstants, material.isDefaultMaterial());
-}
-
-void LocalProgramCache::initializeForMaterialInstance(FEngine& engine, FMaterial const& material) {
-    assert_invariant(mMaterial == nullptr);
-    assert_invariant(mCachedPrograms.empty());
-    assert_invariant(mSpecializationConstants.empty());
-
-    mMaterial = &material;
-    LocalProgramCache const& programs = material.getPrograms();
-
-    mSpecializationConstants =
-            engine.getMaterialCache().getSpecializationConstantsInternPool().acquire(
-                    programs.getSpecializationConstants());
-
-    mCachedPrograms =
-            FixedCapacityVector<Handle<HwProgram>>(material.getPrograms().mCachedPrograms.size());
-}
-
-Handle<HwProgram> LocalProgramCache::prepareProgramSlow(DriverApi& driver, Variant const variant,
-        CompilerPriorityQueue const priorityQueue) const noexcept {
-    assert_invariant(mMaterial != nullptr);
-
-    FEngine& engine = mMaterial->getEngine();
-    if (mMaterial->isSharedVariant(variant)) {
-        FMaterial const* defaultMaterial = engine.getDefaultMaterial();
-        assert_invariant(defaultMaterial);
-        LocalProgramCache const& defaultPrograms = defaultMaterial->getPrograms();
-        Handle<HwProgram> program = defaultPrograms.mCachedPrograms[variant.key];
-        if (program) {
-            return mCachedPrograms[variant.key] = program;
-        }
-        return mCachedPrograms[variant.key] =
-                defaultPrograms.prepareProgram(driver, variant, priorityQueue);
-    }
-    return mCachedPrograms[variant.key] = mMaterial->getDefinition().prepareProgram(engine, driver,
-                   mMaterial->getMaterialParser(), getProgramSpecialization(variant), priorityQueue);
-}
-
-ProgramSpecialization LocalProgramCache::getProgramSpecialization(Variant variant) const noexcept {
-    assert_invariant(mMaterial != nullptr);
-
-    return ProgramSpecialization {
-        .materialCrc32 = mMaterial->getMaterialParser().getCrc32(),
-        .variant = variant,
-        .specializationConstants = mSpecializationConstants,
-    };
-}
-
-void LocalProgramCache::terminate(FEngine& engine) {
-    assert_invariant(mMaterial != nullptr);
-
-    mMaterial->getDefinition().releasePrograms(engine, mCachedPrograms.as_slice(),
-            mMaterial->getMaterialParser(), mSpecializationConstants,
-            mMaterial->isDefaultMaterial());
-    engine.getMaterialCache().releaseMaterial(engine, mMaterial->getDefinition());
-    engine.getMaterialCache().getSpecializationConstantsInternPool().release(
-            mSpecializationConstants);
-}
-
-void LocalProgramCache::clear(FEngine& engine) {
-    assert_invariant(mMaterial != nullptr);
-
-    mMaterial->getDefinition().releasePrograms(engine, mCachedPrograms.as_slice(),
-            mMaterial->getMaterialParser(), mSpecializationConstants,
-            mMaterial->isDefaultMaterial());
-}
-
-Variant LocalProgramCache::filterVariantForGetProgram(Variant variant) const noexcept {
-    if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(mMaterial->getEngine().features.material.enable_fog_as_postprocess)) {
-        // if the fog as post-process feature is enabled, we need to proceed "as-if" the material
-        // didn't have the FOG variant bit.
-        if (mMaterial->getMaterialDomain() == MaterialDomain::SURFACE) {
-            BlendingMode const blendingMode = mMaterial->getBlendingMode();
-            bool const hasScreenSpaceRefraction =
-                    mMaterial->getRefractionMode() == RefractionMode::SCREEN_SPACE;
-            bool const isBlendingCommand = !hasScreenSpaceRefraction &&
-                    (blendingMode != BlendingMode::OPAQUE && blendingMode != BlendingMode::MASKED);
-            if (!isBlendingCommand) {
-                variant.setFog(false);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return variant;
-}
-
-Program::SpecializationConstant LocalProgramCache::getConstantImpl(uint32_t id) const noexcept {
-    return mSpecializationConstants[id];
-}
-
-Program::SpecializationConstant LocalProgramCache::getConstantImpl(
-        std::string_view name) const noexcept {
-    assert_invariant(mMaterial != nullptr);
-
-    MaterialDefinition const& definition = mMaterial->getDefinition();
-    auto it = definition.specializationConstantsNameToIndex.find(name);
-    if (it != definition.specializationConstantsNameToIndex.cend()) {
-        return getConstantImpl(it->second + CONFIG_MAX_RESERVED_SPEC_CONSTANTS);
-    }
-
-    std::string name_cstring(name);
-    PANIC_PRECONDITION("No such constant exists: %s", name_cstring.c_str());
-    return {};
-}
-
-void LocalProgramCache::setConstants(
-        std::initializer_list<std::pair<uint32_t, Program::SpecializationConstant>>
-                constants) noexcept {
-    assert_invariant(mMaterial != nullptr);
-
-    auto newSpecializationConstants =
-            FixedCapacityVector<Program::SpecializationConstant>(mSpecializationConstants);
-
-    bool hasChanged = false;
-    for (const auto& [id, value] : constants) {
-        if (newSpecializationConstants[id] != value) {
-            newSpecializationConstants[id] = value;
-            hasChanged = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (hasChanged) {
-        setConstantsImpl(std::move(newSpecializationConstants));
-    }
-}
-
-void LocalProgramCache::setConstants(
-        std::initializer_list<std::pair<std::string_view, Program::SpecializationConstant>>
-                constants) noexcept {
-    assert_invariant(mMaterial != nullptr);
-
-    auto newSpecializationConstants =
-            FixedCapacityVector<Program::SpecializationConstant>(mSpecializationConstants);
-
-    bool hasChanged = false;
-    for (const auto& [name, value] : constants) {
-        MaterialDefinition const& definition = mMaterial->getDefinition();
-        auto it = definition.specializationConstantsNameToIndex.find(name);
-        if (it != definition.specializationConstantsNameToIndex.cend()) {
-            uint32_t id = it->second + CONFIG_MAX_RESERVED_SPEC_CONSTANTS;
-            if (newSpecializationConstants[id] != value) {
-                newSpecializationConstants[id] = value;
-                hasChanged = true;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (hasChanged) {
-        setConstantsImpl(std::move(newSpecializationConstants));
-    }
-}
-
-void LocalProgramCache::setConstantsImpl(
-        FixedCapacityVector<Program::SpecializationConstant> constants) noexcept {
-    FEngine& engine = mMaterial->getEngine();
-
-    auto& internPool = engine.getMaterialCache().getSpecializationConstantsInternPool();
-    MaterialParser const& materialParser = mMaterial->getMaterialParser();
-    MaterialDefinition const& definition = mMaterial->getDefinition();
-    const bool isDefaultMaterial = mMaterial->isDefaultMaterial();
-
-    // Release old resources...
-    definition.releasePrograms(engine, mCachedPrograms.as_slice(), materialParser,
-            mSpecializationConstants, isDefaultMaterial);
-    internPool.release(mSpecializationConstants);
-
-    // Then acquire new ones.
-    mSpecializationConstants = internPool.acquire(std::move(constants));
-    definition.acquirePrograms(engine, mCachedPrograms.as_slice(), materialParser,
-            mSpecializationConstants, isDefaultMaterial);
-}
-
-template int32_t LocalProgramCache::getConstant<int32_t>(uint32_t id) const noexcept;
-template float LocalProgramCache::getConstant<float>(uint32_t id) const noexcept;
-template bool LocalProgramCache::getConstant<bool>(uint32_t id) const noexcept;
-
-template int32_t LocalProgramCache::getConstant<int32_t>(std::string_view name) const noexcept;
-template float LocalProgramCache::getConstant<float>(std::string_view name) const noexcept;
-template bool LocalProgramCache::getConstant<bool>(std::string_view name) const noexcept;
-
-} // namespace filament

filament/src/LocalProgramCache.h

@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2026 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_LOCALPROGRAMCACHE_H
-#define TNT_FILAMENT_LOCALPROGRAMCACHE_H
-
-#include "MaterialDefinition.h"
-
-#include <backend/Handle.h>
-
-#include <private/filament/Variant.h>
-
-#include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
-#include <backend/DriverApiForward.h>
-#include <backend/Program.h>
-
-#include <utility>
-
-namespace filament {
-
-class FMaterial;
-
-// L0 cache for material programs. Manages recompiling them on-demand; owned by Material and
-// MaterialInstance.
-class LocalProgramCache {
-    template<typename T>
-    using is_supported_constant_parameter_t =
-            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<int32_t, T> || std::is_same_v<float, T> ||
-                             std::is_same_v<bool, T>>;
-
-public:
-    using Programs = utils::Slice<const backend::Handle<backend::HwProgram>>;
-    using SpecializationConstants = utils::Slice<const backend::Program::SpecializationConstant>;
-
-    LocalProgramCache() = default;
-    LocalProgramCache(LocalProgramCache const& other);
-
-    LocalProgramCache& operator=(LocalProgramCache const& other);
-
-    // Initialize for use in a Material.
-    void initializeForMaterial(FEngine& engine, FMaterial const& material,
-            utils::FixedCapacityVector<backend::Program::SpecializationConstant>
-                    specializationConstants);
-
-    // Initialize for use in a MaterialInstance. Copies the set of spec constants currently in use
-    // from its Material.
-    void initializeForMaterialInstance(FEngine& engine, FMaterial const& material);
-
-    bool isInitialized() const noexcept { return mMaterial != nullptr; }
-
-    // prepareProgram creates the program for the material's given variant at the backend level.
-    // Must be called outside of backend render pass.
-    // Must be called before getProgram() below.
-    backend::Handle<backend::HwProgram> prepareProgram(backend::DriverApi& driver,
-            Variant const variant,
-            backend::CompilerPriorityQueue const priorityQueue) const noexcept {
-        backend::Handle<backend::HwProgram> program = mCachedPrograms[variant.key];
-        if (UTILS_LIKELY(program)) {
-            return program;
-        }
-        return prepareProgramSlow(driver, variant, priorityQueue);
-    }
-
-    // getProgram returns the backend program for the material's given variant.
-    // Must be called after prepareProgram().
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    backend::Handle<backend::HwProgram> getProgram(Variant variant) const noexcept {
-        variant = filterVariantForGetProgram(variant);
-        backend::Handle<backend::HwProgram> program = mCachedPrograms[variant.key];
-        assert_invariant(program);
-        return program;
-    }
-
-    SpecializationConstants getSpecializationConstants() const noexcept {
-        return mSpecializationConstants;
-    }
-
-    Programs getPrograms() const noexcept { return mCachedPrograms.as_slice(); }
-
-    // Free all engine resources associated with this instance.
-    void terminate(FEngine& engine);
-
-    // Clear all cached programs. Used primarily by matdbg to "sever" a Material's connection to the
-    // global material cache.
-    void clear(FEngine& engine);
-
-    // Get constant by ID.
-    template<typename T, typename = is_supported_constant_parameter_t<T>>
-    T getConstant(uint32_t id) const noexcept {
-        return std::get<T>(getConstantImpl(id));
-    }
-
-    // Get constant by name.
-    template<typename T, typename = is_supported_constant_parameter_t<T>>
-    T getConstant(std::string_view name) const noexcept {
-        return std::get<T>(getConstantImpl(name));
-    }
-
-    // Set constants by ID.
-    void setConstants(
-            std::initializer_list<std::pair<uint32_t, backend::Program::SpecializationConstant>>
-                    constants) noexcept;
-
-    // Set constants by name.
-    void setConstants(std::initializer_list<
-            std::pair<std::string_view, backend::Program::SpecializationConstant>>
-                    constants) noexcept;
-
-private:
-    backend::Handle<backend::HwProgram> prepareProgramSlow(backend::DriverApi& driver,
-            Variant const variant,
-            backend::CompilerPriorityQueue const priorityQueue) const noexcept;
-
-    ProgramSpecialization getProgramSpecialization(Variant variant) const noexcept;
-
-    Variant filterVariantForGetProgram(Variant const variant) const noexcept;
-
-    void setConstantsImpl(utils::FixedCapacityVector<backend::Program::SpecializationConstant>
-                    constants) noexcept;
-
-    backend::Program::SpecializationConstant getConstantImpl(uint32_t id) const noexcept;
-    backend::Program::SpecializationConstant getConstantImpl(std::string_view name) const noexcept;
-
-    FMaterial const* mMaterial = nullptr;
-    mutable utils::FixedCapacityVector<backend::Handle<backend::HwProgram>> mCachedPrograms;
-    SpecializationConstants mSpecializationConstants;
-};
-
-} // namespace filament
-
-#endif  // TNT_FILAMENT_LOCALPROGRAMCACHE_H

filament/src/MaterialCache.cpp

@@ -39,25 +39,12 @@ bool MaterialCache::MaterialKey::operator==(MaterialKey const& rhs) const noexce
     return parser == rhs.parser;
 }
 
-MaterialCache::MaterialCache()
-        : mDefinitions("MaterialCache::mDefinitions", 0),
-          mPrograms("MaterialCache::mPrograms", 0) {}
-
 MaterialCache::~MaterialCache() {
     assert_invariant(mDefinitions.empty());
     assert_invariant(mPrograms.empty());
     assert_invariant(mSpecializationConstantsInternPool.empty());
 }
 
-void MaterialCache::terminate(FEngine& engine) {
-    mPrograms.clearLruCache([&engine](backend::Handle<backend::HwProgram>& program) {
-        engine.getDriverApi().destroyProgram(program);
-    });
-    mDefinitions.clearLruCache([&engine](MaterialDefinition& definition) {
-        definition.terminate(engine);
-    });
-}
-
 MaterialDefinition* UTILS_NULLABLE MaterialCache::acquireMaterial(FEngine& engine,
         const void* UTILS_NONNULL data, size_t size) noexcept {
     std::unique_ptr<MaterialParser> parser = MaterialDefinition::createParser(engine.getBackend(),

filament/src/MaterialCache.h

@@ -56,13 +56,8 @@ public:
     using ProgramCache =
             utils::RefCountedMap<ProgramSpecialization, backend::Handle<backend::HwProgram>>;
 
-    MaterialCache();
     ~MaterialCache();
 
-    // All reference-counted resources should be freed by the time MaterialCache is destructed, but
-    // the LRU cache needs to be explicitly freed in addition.
-    void terminate(FEngine& engine);
-
     SpecializationConstantInternPool& getSpecializationConstantsInternPool() {
         return mSpecializationConstantsInternPool;
     }

filament/src/MaterialDefinition.cpp

@@ -271,8 +271,8 @@ std::unique_ptr<MaterialDefinition> MaterialDefinition::create(FEngine& engine,
 
 void MaterialDefinition::terminate(FEngine& engine) {
     DriverApi& driver = engine.getDriverApi();
-    perViewDescriptorSetLayoutPcf.terminate(engine.getDescriptorSetLayoutFactory(), driver);
-    perViewDescriptorSetLayoutS2d.terminate(engine.getDescriptorSetLayoutFactory(), driver);
+    perViewDescriptorSetLayout.terminate(engine.getDescriptorSetLayoutFactory(), driver);
+    perViewDescriptorSetLayoutVsm.terminate(engine.getDescriptorSetLayoutFactory(), driver);
     descriptorSetLayout.terminate(engine.getDescriptorSetLayoutFactory(), driver);
 }
 
@@ -607,23 +607,23 @@ void MaterialDefinition::processDescriptorSets(FEngine& engine) {
             refractionMode == RefractionMode::SCREEN_SPACE;
     bool const hasFog = !(variantFilterMask & UserVariantFilterMask(UserVariantFilterBit::FOG));
 
-    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutPcfDescription = descriptor_sets::getPerViewDescriptorSetLayout(
+    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutDescription = descriptor_sets::getPerViewDescriptorSetLayout(
             materialDomain, isLit, isSSR, hasFog, false);
 
-    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutS2dDescription = descriptor_sets::getPerViewDescriptorSetLayout(
+    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutVsmDescription = descriptor_sets::getPerViewDescriptorSetLayout(
             materialDomain, isLit, isSSR, hasFog, true);
 
     // set the labels
     this->descriptorSetLayoutDescription.label = CString{ name }.append("_perMat");
-    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutPcfDescription.label = CString{ name }.append("_perView");
-    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutS2dDescription.label = CString{ name }.append("_perViewVsm");
+    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutDescription.label = CString{ name }.append("_perView");
+    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutVsmDescription.label = CString{ name }.append("_perViewVsm");
 
     // get the PER_RENDERABLE and PER_VIEW descriptor binding info
     for (auto&& [bindingPoint, dsl] : {
             std::pair{ DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_RENDERABLE,
                     descriptor_sets::getPerRenderableLayout() },
             std::pair{ DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_VIEW,
-                    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutPcfDescription }}) {
+                    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutDescription }}) {
         Program::DescriptorBindingsInfo& descriptors = programDescriptorBindings[+bindingPoint];
         descriptors.reserve(dsl.descriptors.size());
         for (auto const& entry: dsl.descriptors) {
@@ -636,17 +636,17 @@ void MaterialDefinition::processDescriptorSets(FEngine& engine) {
             descriptorSetLayoutFactory, driver,
             this->descriptorSetLayoutDescription };
 
-    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutPcf = {
+    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayout = {
             descriptorSetLayoutFactory, driver,
-            this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutPcfDescription };
+            this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutDescription };
 
-    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutS2d = {
+    this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutVsm = {
             descriptorSetLayoutFactory, driver,
-            this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutS2dDescription };
+            this->perViewDescriptorSetLayoutVsmDescription };
 }
 
 backend::DescriptorSetLayout const& MaterialDefinition::getPerViewDescriptorSetLayoutDescription(
-        Variant const variant, bool const useS2dDescriptorSetLayout) const noexcept {
+        Variant const variant, bool const useVsmDescriptorSetLayout) const noexcept {
     if (materialDomain == MaterialDomain::SURFACE) {
         if (Variant::isValidDepthVariant(variant)) {
             // Use the layout description used to create the per view depth variant layout.
@@ -657,10 +657,10 @@ backend::DescriptorSetLayout const& MaterialDefinition::getPerViewDescriptorSetL
             return descriptor_sets::getSsrVariantLayout();
         }
     }
-    if (useS2dDescriptorSetLayout) {
-        return perViewDescriptorSetLayoutS2dDescription;
+    if (useVsmDescriptorSetLayout) {
+        return perViewDescriptorSetLayoutVsmDescription;
     }
-    return perViewDescriptorSetLayoutPcfDescription;
+    return perViewDescriptorSetLayoutDescription;
 }
 
 Handle<HwProgram> MaterialDefinition::compileProgram(
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ Handle<HwProgram> MaterialDefinition::compileProgram(
     pb.descriptorLayout(+DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_VIEW,
             getPerViewDescriptorSetLayoutDescription(
                     specialization.variant,
-                    Variant::isShadowSampler2DVariant(specialization.variant)));
+                    Variant::isVSMVariant(specialization.variant)));
     pb.descriptorLayout(+DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_RENDERABLE,
             descriptor_sets::getPerRenderableLayout());
     pb.descriptorLayout(

filament/src/MaterialDefinition.h

@@ -94,17 +94,17 @@ struct MaterialDefinition {
             backend::ShaderModel const sm, bool isStereoSupported) const noexcept;
 
     backend::DescriptorSetLayout const& getPerViewDescriptorSetLayoutDescription(
-            Variant const variant, bool useS2dDescriptorSetLayout) const noexcept;
+            Variant const variant, bool useVsmDescriptorSetLayout) const noexcept;
 
     // Keep track of the definitions of the descriptor set layouts, as these
     // may be used by some backends in parallel compilation of programs.
-    backend::DescriptorSetLayout perViewDescriptorSetLayoutPcfDescription;
-    backend::DescriptorSetLayout perViewDescriptorSetLayoutS2dDescription;
+    backend::DescriptorSetLayout perViewDescriptorSetLayoutDescription;
+    backend::DescriptorSetLayout perViewDescriptorSetLayoutVsmDescription;
     backend::DescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayoutDescription;
 
     // try to order by frequency of use
-    filament::DescriptorSetLayout perViewDescriptorSetLayoutPcf;
-    filament::DescriptorSetLayout perViewDescriptorSetLayoutS2d;
+    filament::DescriptorSetLayout perViewDescriptorSetLayout;
+    filament::DescriptorSetLayout perViewDescriptorSetLayoutVsm;
     filament::DescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;
     backend::Program::DescriptorSetInfo programDescriptorBindings;
 

filament/src/MaterialInstanceManager.cpp

@@ -19,61 +19,90 @@
 
 #include "details/Engine.h"
 #include "details/Material.h"
+#include "details/MaterialInstance.h"
 
-#include <cstdint>
+#include <utils/debug.h>
+
+#include <iterator>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 namespace filament {
 
-using namespace utils;
+using Record = MaterialInstanceManager::Record;
 
-MaterialInstanceManager::MaterialInstanceManager() noexcept = default;
+std::pair<FMaterialInstance*, int32_t> Record::getInstance() {
+    if (mAvailable < mInstances.size()) {
+        auto index = mAvailable++;
+        return { mInstances[index], index };
+    }
+    assert_invariant(mAvailable == mInstances.size());
+    auto& name = mMaterial->getName();
+    FMaterialInstance* inst = mMaterial->createInstance(name.c_str_safe());
+    mInstances.push_back(inst);
+    return { inst, mAvailable++ };
+}
 
+FMaterialInstance* Record::getInstance(int32_t const fixedInstanceindex) const {
+    assert_invariant(fixedInstanceindex >= 0 &&  fixedInstanceindex < int32_t(mInstances.size()));
+    return mInstances[fixedInstanceindex];
+}
+
+// Defined in cpp to avoid inlining
+Record::Record(Record const& rhs) noexcept = default;
+Record& Record::operator=(Record const& rhs) noexcept = default;
+Record::Record(Record&& rhs) noexcept = default;
+Record& Record::operator=(Record&& rhs) noexcept = default;
+
+void Record::terminate(FEngine& engine) {
+    std::for_each(mInstances.begin(), mInstances.end(),
+            [&engine](auto instance) { engine.destroy(instance); });
+}
+
+MaterialInstanceManager::MaterialInstanceManager() noexcept {}
+
+MaterialInstanceManager::MaterialInstanceManager(
+        MaterialInstanceManager const& rhs) noexcept = default;
 MaterialInstanceManager::MaterialInstanceManager(MaterialInstanceManager&& rhs) noexcept = default;
-MaterialInstanceManager& MaterialInstanceManager::operator=(MaterialInstanceManager&& rhs) noexcept = default;
+MaterialInstanceManager& MaterialInstanceManager::operator=(
+        MaterialInstanceManager const& rhs) noexcept = default;
+MaterialInstanceManager& MaterialInstanceManager::operator=(
+        MaterialInstanceManager&& rhs) noexcept = default;
+
 MaterialInstanceManager::~MaterialInstanceManager() = default;
 
 void MaterialInstanceManager::terminate(FEngine& engine) {
-    for (auto const& [key, instance] : mMaterialInstances) {
-        engine.destroy(instance);
-    }
-    mMaterialInstances.clear();
-
-    for (auto const& [material, pool] : mAnonymousMaterialInstances) {
-        for (auto instance : pool.instances) {
-            engine.destroy(instance);
-        }
-    }
-    mAnonymousMaterialInstances.clear();
+    std::for_each(mMaterials.begin(), mMaterials.end(), [&engine](auto& record) {
+        record.terminate(engine);
+    });
 }
 
-void MaterialInstanceManager::reset() {
-    for (auto& [material, pool] : mAnonymousMaterialInstances) {
-        pool.highWaterMark = 0;
+Record& MaterialInstanceManager::getRecord(FMaterial const* const ma) const {
+    auto itr = std::find_if(mMaterials.begin(), mMaterials.end(), [ma](auto& record) {
+        return ma == record.mMaterial;
+    });
+    if (itr == mMaterials.end()) {
+        mMaterials.emplace_back(ma);
+        itr = std::prev(mMaterials.end());
     }
-}
-
-FMaterialInstance* MaterialInstanceManager::getMaterialInstance(FMaterial const* ma, uint32_t tag) const {
-    Key const key{ma, tag};
-    auto it = mMaterialInstances.find(key);
-    if (it != mMaterialInstances.end()) {
-        return it->second;
-    }
-
-    FMaterialInstance* const instance = ma->createInstance(ma->getName().c_str_safe());
-    mMaterialInstances.emplace(key, instance);
-    return instance;
+    return *itr;
 }
 
 FMaterialInstance* MaterialInstanceManager::getMaterialInstance(FMaterial const* ma) const {
-    AnonymousPool& pool = mAnonymousMaterialInstances[ma];
-    if (pool.highWaterMark < pool.instances.size()) {
-        return pool.instances[pool.highWaterMark++];
-    }
-
-    FMaterialInstance* const instance = ma->createInstance(ma->getName().c_str_safe());
-    pool.instances.push_back(instance);
-    pool.highWaterMark++;
-    return instance;
+    auto [inst, index] = getRecord(ma).getInstance();
+    return inst;
 }
 
+FMaterialInstance* MaterialInstanceManager::getMaterialInstance(FMaterial const* ma,
+        int32_t const fixedIndex) const {
+    return getRecord(ma).getInstance(fixedIndex);
+}
+
+std::pair<FMaterialInstance*, int32_t> MaterialInstanceManager::getFixedMaterialInstance(
+        FMaterial const* ma) {
+    return getRecord(ma).getInstance();
+}
+
+
 } // namespace filament

filament/src/MaterialInstanceManager.h

@@ -16,12 +16,9 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
+#include <utils/bitset.h>
 
-#include <utils/Hash.h>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace filament {
 
@@ -33,10 +30,37 @@ class FEngine;
 // re-use instances across frames.
 class MaterialInstanceManager {
 public:
+    class Record {
+    public:
+        Record(FMaterial const* material)
+            : mMaterial(material),
+              mAvailable(0) {}
+        ~Record() = default;
+
+        Record(Record const& rhs) noexcept;
+        Record& operator=(Record const& rhs) noexcept;
+        Record(Record&& rhs) noexcept;
+        Record& operator=(Record&& rhs) noexcept;
+
+        void terminate(FEngine& engine);
+        void reset() { mAvailable = 0; }
+        std::pair<FMaterialInstance*, int32_t> getInstance();
+        FMaterialInstance* getInstance(int32_t fixedInstanceindex) const;
+
+    private:
+        FMaterial const* mMaterial = nullptr;
+        std::vector<FMaterialInstance*> mInstances;
+        uint32_t mAvailable;
+
+        friend class MaterialInstanceManager;
+    };
+
+    constexpr static int32_t INVALID_FIXED_INDEX = -1;
+
     MaterialInstanceManager() noexcept;
-    MaterialInstanceManager(MaterialInstanceManager const& rhs) = delete;
+    MaterialInstanceManager(MaterialInstanceManager const& rhs) noexcept;
     MaterialInstanceManager(MaterialInstanceManager&& rhs) noexcept;
-    MaterialInstanceManager& operator=(MaterialInstanceManager const& rhs) = delete;
+    MaterialInstanceManager& operator=(MaterialInstanceManager const& rhs) noexcept;
     MaterialInstanceManager& operator=(MaterialInstanceManager&& rhs) noexcept;
 
     ~MaterialInstanceManager();
@@ -47,60 +71,40 @@ public:
      */
     void terminate(FEngine& engine);
 
-    /**
-     * Resets the anonymous material instances cache.
-     */
-    void reset();
-
-    /**
-     * This returns a material instance given a material and a tag.
-     *
-     * If the material instance doesn't exist in the cache, it is created and cached.
-     *
-     * @param ma    FMaterial to get a MaterialInstance for
-     * @param tag   A unique tag identifying the MaterialInstance
-     * @return      A FMaterialInstance pointer
-     */
-    FMaterialInstance* getMaterialInstance(FMaterial const* ma, uint32_t tag) const;
-
-    /**
-     * This returns a material instance given a material from a cache.
-     *
-     * If the material instance doesn't exist in the cache, it is created and cached.
-     *
-     * It is permissible to call the method several times, in which case a different MaterialInstance will be returned.
-     * It is guaranteed to be different from MaterialInstances returned with a tag.
-     *
-     * @param ma    FMaterial to get a MaterialInstance for
-     * @return      A FMaterialInstance pointer
+    /*
+     * This returns a material instance given a material. The implementation will try to find an
+     * available instance in the cache. If one is not found, then a new instance will be created and
+     * added to the cache.
      */
     FMaterialInstance* getMaterialInstance(FMaterial const* ma) const;
 
+    /*
+     * This returns a material instance given a material and an index. The `fixedIndex` should be
+     * a value returned by getiFixedMaterialInstance.
+     */
+    FMaterialInstance* getMaterialInstance(FMaterial const* ma, int32_t const fixedIndex) const;
+
+    /*
+     * This returns a material instance and an index given a material. This is needed for the
+     * case when two framegraph passes need to refer to the same material instance.
+     * The returned index can be used with `getFixedMaterialInstance` to get a specific instance
+     * of a material (and not a random entry in the record cache).
+     */
+    std::pair<FMaterialInstance*, int32_t> getFixedMaterialInstance(FMaterial const* ma);
+
+
+    /*
+     * Marks all of the material instances as unused. Typically, you'd call this at the beginning of
+     * a frame.
+     */
+    void reset() {
+        std::for_each(mMaterials.begin(), mMaterials.end(), [](auto& record) { record.reset(); });
+    }
+
 private:
-    struct Key {
-        FMaterial const* material;
-        uint32_t tag;
-        bool operator==(Key const& rhs) const noexcept {
-            return material == rhs.material && tag == rhs.tag;
-        }
-    };
+    Record& getRecord(FMaterial const* material) const;
 
-    struct Hasher {
-        std::size_t operator()(Key const& key) const noexcept {
-            std::size_t seed = 0;
-            utils::hash::combine(seed, key.material);
-            utils::hash::combine(seed, key.tag);
-            return seed;
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct AnonymousPool {
-        std::vector<FMaterialInstance*> instances;
-        uint32_t highWaterMark = 0;
-    };
-
-    mutable std::unordered_map<Key, FMaterialInstance*, Hasher> mMaterialInstances;
-    mutable std::unordered_map<FMaterial const*, AnonymousPool> mAnonymousMaterialInstances;
+    mutable std::vector<Record> mMaterials;
 };
 
 } // namespace filament

filament/src/PostProcessManager.cpp

@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
 #include "fsr.h"
 #include "FrameHistory.h"
 #include "RenderPass.h"
-#include "ShadowMapManager.h"
 
 #include "details/Camera.h"
 #include "details/ColorGrading.h"
@@ -226,6 +225,7 @@ const PostProcessManager::JitterSequence<32>
 
 PostProcessManager::PostProcessManager(FEngine& engine) noexcept
         : mEngine(engine),
+          mFixedMaterialInstanceIndex {},
           mWorkaroundSplitEasu(false),
           mWorkaroundAllowReadOnlyAncillaryFeedbackLoop(false) {
     // don't use Engine here, it's not fully initialized yet
@@ -455,6 +455,7 @@ Handle<HwTexture> PostProcessManager::getZeroTextureArray() const {
 
 void PostProcessManager::resetForRender() {
     mMaterialInstanceManager.reset();
+    mFixedMaterialInstanceIndex = {};
 }
 
 void PostProcessManager::unbindAllDescriptorSets(DriverApi& driver) noexcept {
@@ -801,7 +802,7 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::ssr(FrameGraph& fg,
 
                 // use our special SSR variant, it can only be applied to object that have
                 // the SCREEN_SPACE ReflectionMode.
-                passBuilder.variant(Variant{ Variant::SPECIAL_SSR_VARIANT });
+                passBuilder.variant(Variant{ Variant::SPECIAL_SSR });
 
                 // generate all our drawing commands, except blended objects.
                 passBuilder.commandTypeFlags(RenderPass::CommandTypeFlags::SCREEN_SPACE_REFLECTIONS);
@@ -999,10 +1000,13 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::screenSpaceAmbientOcclusion(
                 auto& material = getPostProcessMaterial(materialName);
 
                 FMaterial* ma = material.getMaterial(mEngine, driver);
-                ma->getPrograms().setConstants({
-                    { "useVisibilityBitmasks", options.gtao.useVisibilityBitmasks },
-                    { "linearThickness", options.gtao.linearThickness },
-                });
+                {
+                    FMaterial::SpecializationConstantsBuilder maConstants =
+                            ma->getSpecializationConstantsBuilder();
+                    maConstants.set("useVisibilityBitmasks", options.gtao.useVisibilityBitmasks);
+                    maConstants.set("linearThickness", options.gtao.linearThickness);
+                    ma->setSpecializationConstants(std::move(maConstants));
+                }
 
                 ma = material.getMaterial(mEngine, driver);
                 FMaterialInstance* const mi = getMaterialInstance(ma);
@@ -2548,7 +2552,11 @@ void PostProcessManager::colorGradingSubpass(DriverApi& driver,
     auto const& material = getPostProcessMaterial("colorGradingAsSubpass");
     FMaterial const* const ma = material.getMaterial(mEngine, driver, variant);
     // the UBO has been set and committed in colorGradingPrepareSubpass()
-    FMaterialInstance const* mi = mMaterialInstanceManager.getMaterialInstance(ma, colorGradingConfig.translucent);
+    int32_t const fixedIndex = colorGradingConfig.translucent
+                                       ? mFixedMaterialInstanceIndex.colorGradingTranslucent
+                                       : mFixedMaterialInstanceIndex.colorGradingOpaque;
+
+    FMaterialInstance const* mi = mMaterialInstanceManager.getMaterialInstance(ma, fixedIndex);
     mi->use(driver);
     auto const pipeline = getPipelineState(ma, variant);
     driver.nextSubpass();
@@ -2559,7 +2567,8 @@ void PostProcessManager::colorGradingSubpass(DriverApi& driver,
 void PostProcessManager::customResolvePrepareSubpass(DriverApi& driver, CustomResolveOp const op) noexcept {
     auto const& material = getPostProcessMaterial("customResolveAsSubpass");
     auto const ma = material.getMaterial(mEngine, driver, PostProcessVariant::OPAQUE);
-    auto* const mi = mMaterialInstanceManager.getMaterialInstance(ma, 0);
+    auto [mi, fixedIndex] = mMaterialInstanceManager.getFixedMaterialInstance(ma);
+    mFixedMaterialInstanceIndex.customResolve = fixedIndex;
     mi->setParameter("direction", op == CustomResolveOp::COMPRESS ? 1.0f : -1.0f),
     mi->commit(driver, getUboManager());
 }
@@ -2571,7 +2580,8 @@ void PostProcessManager::customResolveSubpass(DriverApi& driver) noexcept {
     auto const& material = getPostProcessMaterial("customResolveAsSubpass");
     FMaterial const* const ma = material.getMaterial(mEngine, driver);
     // the UBO has been set and committed in customResolvePrepareSubpass()
-    FMaterialInstance const* mi = mMaterialInstanceManager.getMaterialInstance(ma, 0);
+    FMaterialInstance const* mi = mMaterialInstanceManager.getMaterialInstance(ma,
+            mFixedMaterialInstanceIndex.customResolve);
     mi->use(driver);
 
     auto const pipeline = getPipelineState(ma);
@@ -2610,8 +2620,9 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::customResolveUncompressPass(
 void PostProcessManager::clearAncillaryBuffersPrepare(DriverApi& driver,
         Variant::type_t variant) noexcept {
     auto const& material = getPostProcessMaterial("clearDepth");
-    auto const ma = material.getMaterial(mEngine, driver, variant);
-    auto const mi = mMaterialInstanceManager.getMaterialInstance(ma, 0);
+    auto ma = material.getMaterial(mEngine, driver, variant);
+    auto [mi, fixedIndex] = mMaterialInstanceManager.getFixedMaterialInstance(ma);
+    mFixedMaterialInstanceIndex.clearDepth = fixedIndex;
     mi->commit(driver, getUboManager());
 }
 
@@ -2629,7 +2640,8 @@ void PostProcessManager::clearAncillaryBuffers(DriverApi& driver,
     FMaterial const* const ma = material.getMaterial(mEngine, driver, variant);
 
     // the UBO has been set and committed in clearAncillaryBuffersPrepare()
-    FMaterialInstance const* const mi = mMaterialInstanceManager.getMaterialInstance(ma, 0);
+    FMaterialInstance const* const mi = mMaterialInstanceManager.getMaterialInstance(ma,
+            mFixedMaterialInstanceIndex.clearDepth);
     mi->use(driver);
 
     auto pipeline = getPipelineState(ma, variant);
@@ -2915,18 +2927,20 @@ void PostProcessManager::configureTemporalAntiAliasingMaterial(backend::DriverAp
         TemporalAntiAliasingOptions const& taaOptions) noexcept {
 
     FMaterial* const ma = getPostProcessMaterial("taa").getMaterial(mEngine, driver);
-    ma->getPrograms().setConstants({
-        { "upscaling", taaOptions.upscaling > 1.0f },
-        { "historyReprojection", taaOptions.historyReprojection },
-        { "filterHistory", taaOptions.filterHistory },
-        { "filterInput", taaOptions.filterInput },
-        { "useYCoCg", taaOptions.useYCoCg },
-        { "hdr", taaOptions.hdr },
-        { "preventFlickering", taaOptions.preventFlickering },
-        { "boxType", int32_t(taaOptions.boxType) },
-        { "boxClipping", int32_t(taaOptions.boxClipping) },
-        { "varianceGamma", taaOptions.varianceGamma },
-    });
+    FMaterial::SpecializationConstantsBuilder maConstants = ma->getSpecializationConstantsBuilder();
+
+    maConstants.set("upscaling", taaOptions.upscaling > 1.0f);
+    maConstants.set("historyReprojection", taaOptions.historyReprojection);
+    maConstants.set("filterHistory", taaOptions.filterHistory);
+    maConstants.set("filterInput", taaOptions.filterInput);
+    maConstants.set("useYCoCg", taaOptions.useYCoCg);
+    maConstants.set("hdr", taaOptions.hdr);
+    maConstants.set("preventFlickering", taaOptions.preventFlickering);
+    maConstants.set("boxType", int32_t(taaOptions.boxType));
+    maConstants.set("boxClipping", int32_t(taaOptions.boxClipping));
+    maConstants.set("varianceGamma", taaOptions.varianceGamma);
+
+    ma->setSpecializationConstants(std::move(maConstants));
 }
 
 FMaterialInstance* PostProcessManager::configureColorGradingMaterial(backend::DriverApi& driver,
@@ -2934,16 +2948,23 @@ FMaterialInstance* PostProcessManager::configureColorGradingMaterial(backend::Dr
         ColorGradingConfig const& colorGradingConfig, VignetteOptions const& vignetteOptions,
         uint32_t const width, uint32_t const height) noexcept {
     FMaterial* ma = material.getMaterial(mEngine, driver);
-    ma->getPrograms().setConstants({
-        { "isOneDimensional", colorGrading->isOneDimensional() },
-        { "isLDR", colorGrading->isLDR() },
-    });
+    {
+        FMaterial::SpecializationConstantsBuilder maConstants =
+                ma->getSpecializationConstantsBuilder();
+        maConstants.set("isOneDimensional", colorGrading->isOneDimensional());
+        maConstants.set("isLDR", colorGrading->isLDR());
+        ma->setSpecializationConstants(std::move(maConstants));
+    }
 
     PostProcessVariant const variant = colorGradingConfig.translucent
                                                ? PostProcessVariant::TRANSLUCENT
                                                : PostProcessVariant::OPAQUE;
     ma = material.getMaterial(mEngine, driver, variant);
-    FMaterialInstance* mi = mMaterialInstanceManager.getMaterialInstance(ma, colorGradingConfig.translucent);
+    FMaterialInstance* mi = nullptr;
+    int32_t& fixedIndex = colorGradingConfig.translucent
+                                  ? mFixedMaterialInstanceIndex.colorGradingTranslucent
+                                  : mFixedMaterialInstanceIndex.colorGradingOpaque;
+    std::tie(mi, fixedIndex) = mMaterialInstanceManager.getFixedMaterialInstance(ma);
 
     const SamplerParams params = SamplerParams{
             .filterMag = SamplerMagFilter::LINEAR,
@@ -3673,12 +3694,8 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::resolve(FrameGraph& fg,
     }
 
     // The Metal / Vulkan backends currently don't support depth/stencil resolve.
-    // TODO: Stencil resolve is actually *not* supported. Trying to resolve a stencil texture will
-    //     trigger an assert on debug builds. We need to investigate how this can be accomplished
-    //     through shaders or some other manipulation.
-    if ((isDepthFormat(inDesc.format) || isStencilFormat(inDesc.format)) &&
-            (!mDepthStencilResolveSupported)) {
-        return resolveDepthWithShader(fg, outputBufferName, input, outDesc);
+    if (isDepthFormat(inDesc.format) && (!mDepthStencilResolveSupported)) {
+        return resolveDepth(fg, outputBufferName, input, outDesc);
     }
 
     outDesc.width = inDesc.width;
@@ -3693,6 +3710,9 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::resolve(FrameGraph& fg,
 
     auto const& ppResolve = fg.addPass<ResolveData>("resolve",
             [&](FrameGraph::Builder& builder, auto& data) {
+                // we currently don't support stencil resolve.
+                assert_invariant(!isStencilFormat(inDesc.format));
+
                 data.input = builder.read(input, FrameGraphTexture::Usage::BLIT_SRC);
                 data.output = builder.createTexture(outputBufferName, outDesc);
                 data.output = builder.write(data.output, FrameGraphTexture::Usage::BLIT_DST);
@@ -3717,7 +3737,7 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::resolve(FrameGraph& fg,
     return ppResolve->output;
 }
 
-FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::resolveDepthWithShader(FrameGraph& fg,
+FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::resolveDepth(FrameGraph& fg,
         utils::StaticString outputBufferName, FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> const input,
         FrameGraphTexture::Descriptor outDesc) noexcept {
 
@@ -3742,8 +3762,11 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::resolveDepthWithShader(Frame
         FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> output;
     };
 
-    auto const& ppResolve = fg.addPass<ResolveData>("resolveDepthWithShader",
+    auto const& ppResolve = fg.addPass<ResolveData>("resolveDepth",
             [&](FrameGraph::Builder& builder, auto& data) {
+                // we currently don't support stencil resolve
+                assert_invariant(!isStencilFormat(inDesc.format));
+
                 data.input = builder.sample(input);
                 data.output = builder.createTexture(outputBufferName, outDesc);
                 data.output = builder.write(data.output, FrameGraphTexture::Usage::DEPTH_ATTACHMENT);
@@ -3752,9 +3775,6 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::resolveDepthWithShader(Frame
                         .clearFlags = TargetBufferFlags::DEPTH });
             },
             [=, this](FrameGraphResources const& resources, auto const& data, DriverApi& driver) {
-                // we currently don't support stencil resolve
-                assert_invariant(!isStencilFormat(inDesc.format));
-
                 bindPostProcessDescriptorSet(driver);
                 bindPerRenderableDescriptorSet(driver);
                 auto const& input = resources.getTexture(data.input);
@@ -3803,13 +3823,15 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::vsmMipmapPass(FrameGraph& fg
                 auto const& inDesc = resources.getDescriptor(data.in);
                 auto width = inDesc.width;
                 assert_invariant(width == inDesc.height);
-                uint32_t const dim = std::max(1u, width >> (level + 1));
+                int const dim = width >> (level + 1);
 
                 auto& material = getPostProcessMaterial("vsmMipmap");
                 FMaterial const* const ma = material.getMaterial(mEngine, driver);
 
+                // When generating shadow map mip levels, we want to preserve the 1 texel border.
+                // (note clearing never respects the scissor in Filament)
                 auto const pipeline = getPipelineState(ma);
-                backend::Viewport const scissor = { 0, 0, dim, dim };
+                backend::Viewport const scissor = { 1u, 1u, dim - 2u, dim - 2u };
 
                 FMaterialInstance* const mi = getMaterialInstance(ma);
                 mi->setParameter("color", in, SamplerParams{
@@ -3831,7 +3853,6 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::vsmMipmapPass(FrameGraph& fg
 }
 
 FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::debugShadowCascades(FrameGraph& fg,
-        ShadowMapManager const& smm,
         FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> const input,
         FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> const depth) noexcept {
 
@@ -3849,31 +3870,17 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> PostProcessManager::debugShadowCascades(FrameGra
                 data.output = builder.createTexture("Shadow Cascade Debug", desc);
                 builder.declareRenderPass(data.output);
             },
-            [=, &smm, this](FrameGraphResources const& resources, auto const& data, DriverApi& driver) {
+            [=, this](FrameGraphResources const& resources, auto const& data, DriverApi& driver) {
                 bindPostProcessDescriptorSet(driver);
                 bindPerRenderableDescriptorSet(driver);
                 auto color = resources.getTexture(data.color);
                 auto depth = resources.getTexture(data.depth);
                 auto const out = resources.getRenderPassInfo();
-
-                auto const& smu = smm.getShadowMappingUniforms();
-                mat4f lightFromWorldMatrix[4] = {};
-                float4 scissorNormalized[4] = {};
-                for (size_t i = 0, c = std::max(4u, (smu.cascades & 0xF)) ; i < c; i++) {
-                    auto const& csp = smm.getCascadeShaderParameters(i);
-                    lightFromWorldMatrix[i] = csp.lightSpace;
-                    scissorNormalized[i] = csp.scissorNormalized;
-                }
-
                 auto const& material = getPostProcessMaterial("debugShadowCascades");
-                FMaterialInstance* const mi = getMaterialInstance(mEngine, driver, material);
+                FMaterialInstance* const mi =
+                        getMaterialInstance(mEngine, driver, material);
                 mi->setParameter("color",  color, SamplerParams{});  // nearest
                 mi->setParameter("depth",  depth, SamplerParams{});  // nearest
-                mi->setParameter("cascadeSplits",  smu.cascadeSplits);
-                mi->setParameter("cascadeCount",  smu.cascades & 0xF);
-                mi->setParameter("shadowAtlasResolution",  smu.atlasResolution);
-                mi->setParameter("lightFromWorldMatrix",  lightFromWorldMatrix, 4);
-                mi->setParameter("scissorNormalized",  scissorNormalized, 4);
                 commitAndRenderFullScreenQuad(driver, out, mi);
                 unbindAllDescriptorSets(driver);
             });

filament/src/PostProcessManager.h

@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ class FMaterialInstance;
 class FrameGraph;
 class RenderPass;
 class RenderPassBuilder;
-class ShadowMapManager;
 class UboManager;
 struct CameraInfo;
 
@@ -305,10 +304,9 @@ public:
             utils::StaticString outputBufferName, FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> input,
             FrameGraphTexture::Descriptor outDesc) noexcept;
 
-    // Resolves base level of input and outputs a texture from outDesc using a shader instead of
-    // driver-implemented API.
+    // Resolves base level of input and outputs a texture from outDesc.
     // outDesc with, height, format and samples will be overridden.
-    FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> resolveDepthWithShader(FrameGraph& fg,
+    FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> resolveDepth(FrameGraph& fg,
             utils::StaticString outputBufferName, FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> input,
             FrameGraphTexture::Descriptor outDesc) noexcept;
 
@@ -323,7 +321,6 @@ public:
             bool reinhard, size_t kernelWidth, float sigma) noexcept;
 
     FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> debugShadowCascades(FrameGraph& fg,
-            ShadowMapManager const& smm,
             FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> input,
             FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> depth) noexcept;
 
@@ -489,6 +486,13 @@ private:
 
     MaterialInstanceManager mMaterialInstanceManager;
 
+    struct {
+        int32_t colorGradingTranslucent = MaterialInstanceManager::INVALID_FIXED_INDEX;
+        int32_t colorGradingOpaque = MaterialInstanceManager::INVALID_FIXED_INDEX;
+        int32_t customResolve = MaterialInstanceManager::INVALID_FIXED_INDEX;
+        int32_t clearDepth = MaterialInstanceManager::INVALID_FIXED_INDEX;
+    } mFixedMaterialInstanceIndex;
+
     backend::Handle<backend::HwTexture> mStarburstTexture;
 
     std::uniform_real_distribution<float> mUniformDistribution{0.0f, 1.0f};

filament/src/RenderPass.cpp

@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ RenderPass::Command* RenderPass::generateCommandsImpl(CommandTypeFlags extraFlag
     if constexpr (isDepthPass) {
         cmd.info.materialVariant = variant;
         cmd.info.rasterState = {};
-        cmd.info.rasterState.colorWrite = Variant::isPickingVariant(variant) || Variant::isDepthMomentsVariant(variant);
+        cmd.info.rasterState.colorWrite = Variant::isPickingVariant(variant) || Variant::isVSMVariant(variant);
         cmd.info.rasterState.depthWrite = true;
         cmd.info.rasterState.depthFunc = RasterState::DepthFunc::GE;
         cmd.info.rasterState.alphaToCoverage = false;
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ RenderPass::Command* RenderPass::generateCommandsImpl(CommandTypeFlags extraFlag
         bool const hasSkinningOrMorphing = hasSkinning || hasMorphing;
 
         // if we are already an SSR variant, the SRE bit is already set
-        static_assert(Variant::SPECIAL_SSR_VARIANT & Variant::SRE);
+        static_assert(Variant::SPECIAL_SSR & Variant::SRE);
         Variant renderableVariant{ variant };
 
         // we can't have SSR and shadowing together by construction

filament/src/RenderableManager.cpp

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ RenderableManager::getInstance(Entity const e) const noexcept {
 }
 
 void RenderableManager::destroy(Entity const e) noexcept {
-    return downcast(this)->clientDestroy(e);
+    return downcast(this)->destroy(e);
 }
 
 void RenderableManager::setAxisAlignedBoundingBox(Instance const instance, const Box& aabb) {

filament/src/ShadowMap.cpp

@@ -62,8 +62,6 @@ ShadowMap::ShadowMap(FEngine& engine) noexcept
         : mPerShadowMapUniforms(engine),
           mShadowType(ShadowType::DIRECTIONAL),
           mHasVisibleShadows(false),
-          mVsm(false),
-          mReservedBit(false),
           mFace(0) {
     Entity entities[2];
     engine.getEntityManager().create(2, entities);
@@ -87,7 +85,7 @@ void ShadowMap::terminate(FEngine& engine) {
 
 ShadowMap::~ShadowMap() = default;
 
-void ShadowMap::initialize(size_t const lightIndex, ShadowType const shadowType, bool const vsm,
+void ShadowMap::initialize(size_t const lightIndex, ShadowType const shadowType,
         uint16_t const shadowIndex, uint8_t const face,
         LightManager::ShadowOptions const* options) {
     mLightIndex = lightIndex;
@@ -95,7 +93,6 @@ void ShadowMap::initialize(size_t const lightIndex, ShadowType const shadowType,
     mOptions = options;
     mShadowType = shadowType;
     mFace = face;
-    mVsm = vsm;
 }
 
 mat4f ShadowMap::getDirectionalLightViewMatrix(float3 direction, float3 up,
@@ -1184,8 +1181,9 @@ float2 ShadowMap::texelSizeWorldSpace(mat4f const& S, uint16_t const shadowDimen
     return s;
 }
 
-template<typename Visitor>
-void ShadowMap::visitScene(const FScene& scene, uint32_t const visibleLayers, Visitor visitor) noexcept {
+template<typename Casters, typename Receivers>
+void ShadowMap::visitScene(const FScene& scene, uint32_t const visibleLayers,
+        Casters casters, Receivers receivers) noexcept {
     FILAMENT_TRACING_CALL(FILAMENT_TRACING_CATEGORY_FILAMENT);
 
     using State = FRenderableManager::Visibility;
@@ -1198,11 +1196,14 @@ void ShadowMap::visitScene(const FScene& scene, uint32_t const visibleLayers, Vi
     size_t const c = soa.size();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < c; i++) {
         if (layers[i] & visibleLayers) {
-            Aabb const aabb{
-                worldAABBCenter[i] - worldAABBExtent[i],
-                worldAABBCenter[i] + worldAABBExtent[i]
-            };
-            visitor(aabb, visibleMasks[i], visibility[i]);
+            const Aabb aabb{ worldAABBCenter[i] - worldAABBExtent[i],
+                             worldAABBCenter[i] + worldAABBExtent[i] };
+            if (visibility[i].castShadows) {
+                casters(aabb, visibleMasks[i]);
+            }
+            if (visibility[i].receiveShadows) {
+                receivers(aabb, visibleMasks[i]);
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1221,15 +1222,13 @@ ShadowMap::SceneInfo::SceneInfo(
     wsShadowCastersVolume = {};
     wsShadowReceiversVolume = {};
     visitScene(scene, visibleLayers,
-            [this](Aabb const& aabb, Culler::result_type, FRenderableManager::Visibility const visibility) {
-                if (visibility.castShadows) {
-                    wsShadowCastersVolume.min = min(wsShadowCastersVolume.min, aabb.min);
-                    wsShadowCastersVolume.max = max(wsShadowCastersVolume.max, aabb.max);
-                }
-                if (visibility.receiveShadows) {
-                    wsShadowReceiversVolume.min = min(wsShadowReceiversVolume.min, aabb.min);
-                    wsShadowReceiversVolume.max = max(wsShadowReceiversVolume.max, aabb.max);
-                }
+            [&](Aabb caster, Culler::result_type) {
+                wsShadowCastersVolume.min = min(wsShadowCastersVolume.min, caster.min);
+                wsShadowCastersVolume.max = max(wsShadowCastersVolume.max, caster.max);
+            },
+            [&](Aabb receiver, Culler::result_type) {
+                wsShadowReceiversVolume.min = min(wsShadowReceiversVolume.min, receiver.min);
+                wsShadowReceiversVolume.max = max(wsShadowReceiversVolume.max, receiver.max);
             }
     );
 }
@@ -1243,20 +1242,18 @@ void ShadowMap::updateSceneInfoDirectional(mat4f const& Mv, FScene const& scene,
     sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar = { std::numeric_limits<float>::lowest(), std::numeric_limits<float>::max() };
     sceneInfo.lsReceiversNearFar = { std::numeric_limits<float>::lowest(), std::numeric_limits<float>::max() };
     visitScene(scene, sceneInfo.visibleLayers,
-            [&](Aabb const& aabb, Culler::result_type const vis, FRenderableManager::Visibility const visibility) {
-                if (visibility.castShadows) {
-                    auto const r = Aabb::transform(Mv.upperLeft(), Mv[3].xyz, aabb);
-                    sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.x = max(sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.x, r.max.z);
-                    sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.y = min(sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.y, r.min.z);
-                }
-                if (visibility.castShadows) {
-                    // account only for objects that are visible by the camera
-                    constexpr auto mask = 1u << VISIBLE_RENDERABLE_BIT;
-                    if ((vis & mask) == mask) {
-                        auto r = Aabb::transform(Mv.upperLeft(), Mv[3].xyz, aabb);
-                        sceneInfo.lsReceiversNearFar.x = max(sceneInfo.lsReceiversNearFar.x, r.max.z);
-                        sceneInfo.lsReceiversNearFar.y = min(sceneInfo.lsReceiversNearFar.y, r.min.z);
-                    }
+            [&](Aabb caster, Culler::result_type) {
+                auto r = Aabb::transform(Mv.upperLeft(), Mv[3].xyz, caster);
+                sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.x = max(sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.x, r.max.z);
+                sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.y = min(sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.y, r.min.z);
+            },
+            [&](Aabb receiver, Culler::result_type const vis) {
+                // account only for objects that are visible by the camera
+                auto mask = 1u << VISIBLE_RENDERABLE_BIT;
+                if ((vis & mask) == mask) {
+                    auto r = Aabb::transform(Mv.upperLeft(), Mv[3].xyz, receiver);
+                    sceneInfo.lsReceiversNearFar.x = max(sceneInfo.lsReceiversNearFar.x, r.max.z);
+                    sceneInfo.lsReceiversNearFar.y = min(sceneInfo.lsReceiversNearFar.y, r.min.z);
                 }
             }
     );
@@ -1271,15 +1268,15 @@ void ShadowMap::updateSceneInfoSpot(mat4f const& Mv, FScene const& scene,
     sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar = { std::numeric_limits<float>::lowest(), std::numeric_limits<float>::max() };
     // account only for objects that are visible by both the camera and the light
     visitScene(scene, sceneInfo.visibleLayers,
-            [&](Aabb const& aabb, Culler::result_type const vis, FRenderableManager::Visibility const visibility) {
-                if (visibility.castShadows) {
-                    constexpr auto mask = VISIBLE_DYN_SHADOW_RENDERABLE;
-                    if ((vis & mask) == mask) {
-                        auto const r = Aabb::transform(Mv.upperLeft(), Mv[3].xyz, aabb);
-                        sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.x = std::max(sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.x, r.max.z);  // near
-                        sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.y = std::min(sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.y, r.min.z);  // far
-                    }
+            [&](Aabb caster, Culler::result_type const vis) {
+                auto mask = VISIBLE_DYN_SHADOW_RENDERABLE;
+                if ((vis & mask) == mask) {
+                    auto r = Aabb::transform(Mv.upperLeft(), Mv[3].xyz, caster);
+                    sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.x = std::max(sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.x, r.max.z);  // near
+                    sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.y = std::min(sceneInfo.lsCastersNearFar.y, r.min.z);  // far
                 }
+            },
+            [&](Aabb receiver, Culler::result_type) {
             }
     );
 }
@@ -1289,56 +1286,47 @@ void ShadowMap::setAllocation(uint8_t const layer, backend::Viewport viewport) n
 }
 
 backend::Viewport ShadowMap::getViewport() const noexcept {
-    // This is used for calculating the light space; in particular, if the shadowmap is in a 2D atlas, this
-    // returns the valid area of the shadowmap. By definition all values must be integer.
-
-    // We set a viewport with a 1-texel border for when we index outside the texture, which should only happen for
-    // directional lights when "focus shadow casters" is used, or when shadowFar is smaller than the camera far.
-    // For directional lights, the border is filed with "fully lit".
-    //
-    // For point-lights, we also use a 1-texel border, but for a different reason; the border is filled with data
-    // so that bilinear (PCF) filtering works properly.
-    //
-    // Spot-light a treated like point lights (the border will be filled with "fully-lit" anyways)
-
+    // We set a viewport with a 1-texel border for when we index outside the texture.
+    // This happens only for directional lights when "focus shadow casters" is used,
+    // or when shadowFar is smaller than the camera far.
+    // For spot- and point-lights we also use a 1-texel border, so that bilinear filtering
+    // can work properly if the shadowmap is in an atlas (and we can't rely on h/w clamp).
     const uint32_t dim = mOptions->mapSize;
     const uint16_t border = 1u;
     return { mOffset.x + border, mOffset.y + border, dim - 2u * border, dim - 2u * border };
 }
 
 backend::Viewport ShadowMap::getScissor() const noexcept {
-    // This is used while rendering the shadowmap.
-
+    // We set a viewport with a 1-texel border for when we index outside the texture.
+    // This happens only for directional lights when "focus shadow casters" is used,
+    // or when shadowFar is smaller than the camera far.
+    // For spot- and point-lights we also use a 1-texel border, so that bilinear filtering
+    // can work properly if the shadowmap is in an atlas (and we can't rely on h/w clamp), so we
+    // don't scissor the border, so it gets filled with correct neighboring texels.
     const uint32_t dim = mOptions->mapSize;
     const uint16_t border = 1u;
-    switch (mShadowType) { // NOLINT(*-multiway-paths-covered)
-        case ShadowType::DIRECTIONAL: {
-            // Don't render anything into the border; it's already filled with "fully lit".
-            return {mOffset.x + border, mOffset.y + border, dim - 2u * border, dim - 2u * border};
-        }
+    switch (mShadowType) {
+        case ShadowType::DIRECTIONAL:
+            return { mOffset.x + border, mOffset.y + border, dim - 2u * border, dim - 2u * border };
         case ShadowType::SPOT:
-        case ShadowType::POINT: {
-            // Render into the border (which will get the adjacent faces texels)
-            return {mOffset.x, mOffset.y, dim, dim};
-        }
+        case ShadowType::POINT:
+            return { mOffset.x, mOffset.y, dim, dim };
     }
-    return {};
 }
 
 float4 ShadowMap::getClampToEdgeCoords(ShadowMapInfo const& shadowMapInfo) const noexcept {
-    // This is used to clamp the texture coordinates when sampling the shadowmap
-
-    float border = 0; // shadowmap border in texels
-    switch (mShadowType) { // NOLINT(*-multiway-paths-covered)
+    float border; // shadowmap border in texels
+    switch (mShadowType) {
         case ShadowType::DIRECTIONAL:
-            // For directional lights, we need to allow the sampling to reach the center of border texels,
-            // but no further, so we don't read into the adjacent texture in the 2D atlas (taking bilinear filtering
-            // into account).
+            // For directional lights, we need to allow the sampling to reach the border, it
+            // happens when "focus shadow casters" is used for instance.
             border = 0.5f;
             break;
         case ShadowType::SPOT:
         case ShadowType::POINT:
-            // For point-light, the border is only needed for bilinear filtering (of the other faces)
+            // For spot and point light, this is equal to the viewport. i.e. the valid
+            // texels are inside the viewport (w/ 1-texel border), the border will be used
+            // for bilinear filtering.
             border = 1.0f;
             break;
     }
@@ -1367,8 +1355,8 @@ void ShadowMap::prepareCamera(Transaction const& transaction,
 }
 
 void ShadowMap::prepareViewport(Transaction const& transaction,
-        backend::Viewport const& physicalViewport, backend::Viewport const& logicalViewport) noexcept {
-    ShadowMapDescriptorSet::prepareViewport(transaction, physicalViewport, logicalViewport);
+        backend::Viewport const& viewport) noexcept {
+    ShadowMapDescriptorSet::prepareViewport(transaction, viewport);
 }
 
 void ShadowMap::prepareTime(Transaction const& transaction,
@@ -1382,8 +1370,8 @@ void ShadowMap::prepareMaterialGlobals(Transaction const& transaction,
 }
 
 void ShadowMap::prepareShadowMapping(Transaction const& transaction,
-        float const vsmExponent, float const vsmMaxMoment) noexcept {
-    ShadowMapDescriptorSet::prepareShadowMapping(transaction, vsmExponent, vsmMaxMoment);
+        bool const highPrecision) noexcept {
+    ShadowMapDescriptorSet::prepareShadowMapping(transaction, highPrecision);
 }
 
 ShadowMapDescriptorSet::Transaction ShadowMap::open(DriverApi& driver) noexcept {

filament/src/ShadowMap.h

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ public:
     static math::mat4f getPointLightViewMatrix(backend::TextureCubemapFace face,
             math::float3 position) noexcept;
 
-    void initialize(size_t lightIndex, ShadowType shadowType, bool vsm, uint16_t shadowIndex, uint8_t face,
+    void initialize(size_t lightIndex, ShadowType shadowType, uint16_t shadowIndex, uint8_t face,
             LightManager::ShadowOptions const* options);
 
     struct ShaderParameters {
@@ -173,10 +173,7 @@ public:
     static void updateSceneInfoSpot(const math::mat4f& Mv, FScene const& scene,
             SceneInfo& sceneInfo);
 
-    LightManager::ShadowOptions const& getShadowOptions() const noexcept {
-            assert_invariant(mOptions);
-            return *mOptions;
-    }
+    LightManager::ShadowOptions const* getShadowOptions() const noexcept { return mOptions; }
     size_t getLightIndex() const { return mLightIndex; }
     uint16_t getShadowIndex() const { return mShadowIndex; }
     void setAllocation(uint8_t layer, backend::Viewport viewport) noexcept;
@@ -196,13 +193,13 @@ public:
     static void prepareCamera(Transaction const& transaction,
             FEngine const& engine, const CameraInfo& cameraInfo) noexcept;
     static void prepareViewport(Transaction const& transaction,
-            backend::Viewport const& physicalViewport, backend::Viewport const& logicalViewport) noexcept;
+            backend::Viewport const& viewport) noexcept;
     static void prepareTime(Transaction const& transaction,
             FEngine const& engine, math::float4 const& userTime) noexcept;
     static void prepareMaterialGlobals(Transaction const& transaction,
             std::array<math::float4, 4> const& materialGlobals) noexcept;
     static void prepareShadowMapping(Transaction const& transaction,
-            float vsmExponent, float vsmMaxMoment) noexcept;
+            bool highPrecision) noexcept;
     static ShadowMapDescriptorSet::Transaction open(backend::DriverApi& driver) noexcept;
     void commit(Transaction& transaction, FEngine& engine, backend::DriverApi& driver) const noexcept;
     void bind(backend::DriverApi& driver) const noexcept;
@@ -276,8 +273,9 @@ private:
     static inline math::float4 computeBoundingSphere(
             math::float3 const* vertices, size_t count) noexcept;
 
-    template<typename Visitor>
-    static void visitScene(FScene const& scene, uint32_t visibleLayers, Visitor visitor) noexcept;
+    template<typename Casters, typename Receivers>
+    static void visitScene(FScene const& scene, uint32_t visibleLayers,
+            Casters casters, Receivers receivers) noexcept;
 
     static inline Aabb compute2DBounds(const math::mat4f& lightView,
             math::float3 const* wsVertices, size_t count) noexcept;
@@ -351,11 +349,9 @@ private:
     uint8_t mLayer = 0;         // our layer in the shadowMap texture       // 1
     ShadowType mShadowType  : 2;                                            // :2
     bool mHasVisibleShadows : 1;                                            // :1
-    bool mVsm               : 1;                                            // :1
-    UTILS_UNUSED bool mReservedBit : 1;                                     // :1
     uint8_t mFace           : 3;                                            // :3
     math::ushort2 mOffset{};                                                // 4
-    UTILS_UNUSED uint8_t reserved[4] = {};                                  // 4
+    UTILS_UNUSED uint8_t reserved[4];                                       // 4
 };
 
 } // namespace filament

filament/src/ShadowMapManager.cpp

@@ -151,14 +151,12 @@ ShadowMapManager::ShadowTechnique ShadowMapManager::update(
 
     mDirectionalShadowMapCount = builder.mDirectionalShadowMapCount;
     mSpotShadowMapCount = builder.mSpotShadowMapCount;
-    const bool vsm = view.hasVSM();
 
     for (auto const& entry : builder.mShadowMaps) {
         auto& shadowMap = getShadowMap(entry.shadowIndex);
         shadowMap.initialize(
                 entry.lightIndex,
                 entry.shadowType,
-                vsm,
                 entry.shadowIndex,
                 entry.face,
                 entry.options);
@@ -232,12 +230,15 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> ShadowMapManager::render(FEngine& engine, FrameG
         FView& view, CameraInfo const& mainCameraInfo,
         float4 const& userTime) noexcept {
 
+    const float moment2 = std::numeric_limits<half>::max();
+    const float moment1 = std::sqrt(moment2);
+    const float4 vsmClearColor{ moment1, moment2, -moment1, moment2 };
+
     FScene* scene = view.getScene();
     assert_invariant(scene);
 
     // make a copy here, because it's a very small structure
-    VsmShadowOptions const& vsmShadowOptions = view.getVsmShadowOptions();
-    TextureAtlasRequirements const textureRequirements = mTextureAtlasRequirements;
+    const TextureAtlasRequirements textureRequirements = mTextureAtlasRequirements;
     assert_invariant(textureRequirements.layers <= CONFIG_MAX_SHADOW_LAYERS);
 
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -257,6 +258,8 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> ShadowMapManager::render(FEngine& engine, FrameG
         utils::FixedCapacityVector<ShadowPass> passList;
     };
 
+    VsmShadowOptions const& vsmShadowOptions = view.getVsmShadowOptions();
+
     auto& prepareShadowPass = fg.addPass<PrepareShadowPassData>("Prepare Shadow Pass",
             [&](FrameGraph::Builder& builder, auto& data) {
                 data.passList.reserve(getMaxShadowMapCount());
@@ -389,18 +392,16 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> ShadowMapManager::render(FEngine& engine, FrameG
 
                     auto transaction = ShadowMap::open(driver);
                     ShadowMap::prepareCamera(transaction, engine, cameraInfo);
-                    ShadowMap::prepareViewport(transaction,
-                            { 0, 0, textureRequirements.size, textureRequirements.size },
-                            shadowMap.getViewport());
+                    ShadowMap::prepareViewport(transaction, shadowMap.getViewport());
                     ShadowMap::prepareTime(transaction, engine, userTime);
                     ShadowMap::prepareMaterialGlobals(transaction, view.getMaterialGlobals());
                     ShadowMap::prepareShadowMapping(transaction,
-                            getWrapExponentEVSM(vsmShadowOptions, shadowMap.getShadowOptions()),
-                            getMaxMomentEVSM(vsmShadowOptions));
+                            vsmShadowOptions.highPrecision);
                     shadowMap.commit(transaction, engine, driver);
 
                     // updatePrimitivesLod must be run before RenderPass::appendCommands.
-                    FView::updatePrimitivesLod(scene->getRenderableData(), engine, cameraInfo, entry.range);
+                    FView::updatePrimitivesLod(scene->getRenderableData(),
+                            engine, cameraInfo, entry.range);
 
                     // generate and sort the commands for rendering the shadow map
 
@@ -429,10 +430,10 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> ShadowMapManager::render(FEngine& engine, FrameG
                     entry.executor = pass.getExecutor();
 
                     if (!view.hasVSM()) {
-                        auto const& options = shadowMap.getShadowOptions();
+                        auto const* options = shadowMap.getShadowOptions();
                         PolygonOffset const polygonOffset = { // handle reversed Z
-                                .slope    = -options.polygonOffsetSlope,
-                                .constant = -options.polygonOffsetConstant
+                                .slope    = -options->polygonOffsetSlope,
+                                .constant = -options->polygonOffsetConstant
                         };
                         entry.executor.overridePolygonOffset(&polygonOffset);
                     }
@@ -464,10 +465,10 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> ShadowMapManager::render(FEngine& engine, FrameG
         auto const& entry = *first;
 
         const uint8_t layer = entry.shadowMap->getLayer();
-        const auto& options = entry.shadowMap->getShadowOptions();
+        const auto* options = entry.shadowMap->getShadowOptions();
         const auto msaaSamples = textureRequirements.msaaSamples;
         const bool blur = entry.shadowMap->hasVisibleShadows() &&
-                view.hasVSM() && options.vsm.blurWidth > 0.0f;
+                view.hasVSM() && options->vsm.blurWidth > 0.0f;
 
         auto last = first;
         // loop over each shadow pass to find its layer range
@@ -507,9 +508,10 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> ShadowMapManager::render(FEngine& engine, FrameG
 
                         renderTargetDesc.attachments.color[0] = data.output;
                         renderTargetDesc.attachments.depth = depth;
-                        renderTargetDesc.clearFlags = TargetBufferFlags::COLOR | TargetBufferFlags::DEPTH;
+                        renderTargetDesc.clearFlags =
+                                TargetBufferFlags::COLOR | TargetBufferFlags::DEPTH;
                         // we need to clear the shadow map with the max EVSM moments
-                        renderTargetDesc.clearColor = textureRequirements.clearColor;
+                        renderTargetDesc.clearColor = vsmClearColor;
                         renderTargetDesc.samples = msaaSamples;
 
                         if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(blur)) {
@@ -528,14 +530,16 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> ShadowMapManager::render(FEngine& engine, FrameG
                                     .attachments = {
                                             .color = { data.tempBlurSrc },
                                             .depth = depth },
-                                    .clearColor = textureRequirements.clearColor,
+                                    .clearColor = vsmClearColor,
                                     .samples = msaaSamples,
-                                    .clearFlags = TargetBufferFlags::COLOR | TargetBufferFlags::DEPTH
+                                    .clearFlags = TargetBufferFlags::COLOR
+                                            | TargetBufferFlags::DEPTH
                             });
                         }
                     } else {
                         // the shadowmap layer
-                        data.output = builder.write(data.output, FrameGraphTexture::Usage::DEPTH_ATTACHMENT);
+                        data.output = builder.write(data.output,
+                                FrameGraphTexture::Usage::DEPTH_ATTACHMENT);
                         renderTargetDesc.attachments.depth = data.output;
                         renderTargetDesc.clearFlags = TargetBufferFlags::DEPTH;
                     }
@@ -590,27 +594,27 @@ FrameGraphId<FrameGraphTexture> ShadowMapManager::render(FEngine& engine, FrameG
             //        the whole layer. Blurring should happen per shadowmap, not for the whole
             //        layer.
 
-            // FIXME: this Gaussian blur is not precise enough for EVSM
-
-            const float blurWidth = options.vsm.blurWidth;
+            const float blurWidth = options->vsm.blurWidth;
             if (blurWidth > 0.0f) {
                 const float sigma = (blurWidth + 1.0f) / 6.0f;
-                size_t kernelWidth = size_t(std::ceil((blurWidth - 5.0f) / 4.0f));
+                size_t kernelWidth = std::ceil((blurWidth - 5.0f) / 4.0f);
                 kernelWidth = kernelWidth * 4 + 5;
                 ppm.gaussianBlurPass(fg,
                         shadowPass->tempBlurSrc,
                         shadowPass->output,
                         false, kernelWidth, sigma);
             }
-        }
 
-        // If the shadow texture has more than one level, mipmapping was requested, either directly
-        // or indirectly via anisotropic filtering.
-        // So generate the mipmaps for each layer
-        if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(textureRequirements.levels > 1)) {
-            auto& ppm = engine.getPostProcessManager();
-            for (size_t level = 0; level < textureRequirements.levels - 1; level++) {
-                ppm.vsmMipmapPass(fg, prepareShadowPass->shadows, layer, level, textureRequirements.clearColor);
+            // FIXME: mipmapping here is broken because it'll access texels from adjacent
+            //        shadow maps.
+
+            // If the shadow texture has more than one level, mipmapping was requested, either directly
+            // or indirectly via anisotropic filtering.
+            // So generate the mipmaps for each layer
+            if (textureRequirements.levels > 1) {
+                for (size_t level = 0; level < textureRequirements.levels - 1; level++) {
+                    ppm.vsmMipmapPass(fg, prepareShadowPass->shadows, layer, level, vsmClearColor);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -622,8 +626,7 @@ ShadowMapManager::ShadowTechnique ShadowMapManager::updateCascadeShadowMaps(FEng
         FView& view, CameraInfo cameraInfo, FScene::RenderableSoa& renderableData,
         FScene::LightSoa const& lightData, ShadowMap::SceneInfo sceneInfo) noexcept {
 
-    FScene const* const scene = view.getScene();
-    auto const& vsmShadowOptions = view.getVsmShadowOptions();
+    FScene* scene = view.getScene();
     auto& lcm = engine.getLightManager();
 
     FLightManager::Instance const directionalLight = lightData.elementAt<FScene::LIGHT_INSTANCE>(0);
@@ -647,7 +650,7 @@ ShadowMapManager::ShadowTechnique ShadowMapManager::updateCascadeShadowMaps(FEng
     };
 
     bool hasVisibleShadows = false;
-    utils::Slice<ShadowMap> const cascadedShadowMaps = getCascadedShadowMap();
+    utils::Slice<ShadowMap> cascadedShadowMaps = getCascadedShadowMap();
     if (!cascadedShadowMaps.empty()) {
         // Even if we have more than one cascade, we cull directional shadow casters against the
         // entire camera frustum, as if we only had a single cascade.
@@ -681,7 +684,6 @@ ShadowMapManager::ShadowTechnique ShadowMapManager::updateCascadeShadowMaps(FEng
     ShadowTechnique shadowTechnique{};
     uint32_t directionalShadowsMask = 0;
     uint32_t cascadeHasVisibleShadows = 0;
-    float4 wsSplitPositionUniform = { -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity() };
 
     if (hasVisibleShadows) {
         uint32_t const cascadeCount = cascadedShadowMaps.size();
@@ -705,8 +707,11 @@ ShadowMapManager::ShadowTechnique ShadowMapManager::updateCascadeShadowMaps(FEng
         // (which is the near plane, and doesn't need to be communicated to the shaders).
         static_assert(CONFIG_MAX_SHADOW_CASCADES <= 5,
                 "At most, a float4 can fit 4 split positions for 5 shadow cascades");
+        float4 wsSplitPositionUniform{ -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity() };
         std::copy(splits.begin() + 1, splits.end(), &wsSplitPositionUniform[0]);
 
+        mShadowMappingUniforms.cascadeSplits = wsSplitPositionUniform;
+
         // When computing the required bias we need a half-texel size, so we multiply by 0.5 here.
         // note: normalBias is set to zero for VSM
         const float normalBias = shadowMapInfo.vsm ? 0.0f : 0.5f * lcm.getShadowNormalBias(0);
@@ -731,8 +736,6 @@ ShadowMapManager::ShadowTechnique ShadowMapManager::updateCascadeShadowMaps(FEng
                     lightData, 0, cameraInfo, shadowMapInfo, sceneInfo,
                     canUseDepthClamp);
 
-            mCascadesShaderParameters[i] = shaderParameters;
-
             if (shadowMap.hasVisibleShadows()) {
                 const size_t shadowIndex = shadowMap.getShadowIndex();
                 assert_invariant(shadowIndex == i);
@@ -747,7 +750,6 @@ ShadowMapManager::ShadowTechnique ShadowMapManager::updateCascadeShadowMaps(FEng
                 s.shadows[shadowIndex].scissorNormalized = shaderParameters.scissorNormalized;
                 s.shadows[shadowIndex].normalBias = wsTexelSize * normalBias;
                 s.shadows[shadowIndex].elvsm = options.vsm.elvsm;
-                s.shadows[shadowIndex].vsmExponent = getWrapExponentEVSM(vsmShadowOptions, options);
                 s.shadows[shadowIndex].bulbRadiusLs =
                         mSoftShadowOptions.penumbraScale * options.shadowBulbRadius / length(wsTexelSize);
 
@@ -775,14 +777,10 @@ ShadowMapManager::ShadowTechnique ShadowMapManager::updateCascadeShadowMaps(FEng
     cascades |= uint32_t(cascadedShadowMaps.size());
     cascades |= cascadeHasVisibleShadows << 8u;
 
-    mShadowMappingUniforms = {
-        .cascadeSplits = wsSplitPositionUniform,
-        .ssContactShadowDistance = screenSpaceShadowDistance,
-        .directionalShadows = directionalShadowsMask,
-        .cascades = cascades,
-        .atlasResolution = { mTextureAtlasRequirements.size, 1.0f / float(mTextureAtlasRequirements.size) }
-    };
-    
+    mShadowMappingUniforms.directionalShadows = directionalShadowsMask;
+    mShadowMappingUniforms.ssContactShadowDistance = screenSpaceShadowDistance;
+    mShadowMappingUniforms.cascades = cascades;
+
     return shadowTechnique;
 }
 
@@ -803,8 +801,10 @@ void ShadowMapManager::updateSpotVisibilityMasks(
         const bool visSpotShadowRenderable = v.castShadows && inVisibleLayer &&
                 (!v.culling || (mask & VISIBLE_DYN_SHADOW_RENDERABLE));
 
-        visibleMask[i] &= ~Culler::result_type(VISIBLE_DYN_SHADOW_RENDERABLE);
-        visibleMask[i] |= Culler::result_type(visSpotShadowRenderable << VISIBLE_DYN_SHADOW_RENDERABLE_BIT);
+        using Type = Culler::result_type;
+
+        visibleMask[i] &= ~Type(VISIBLE_DYN_SHADOW_RENDERABLE);
+        visibleMask[i] |= Type(visSpotShadowRenderable << VISIBLE_DYN_SHADOW_RENDERABLE_BIT);
     }
 }
 
@@ -813,14 +813,13 @@ void ShadowMapManager::prepareSpotShadowMap(ShadowMap& shadowMap, FEngine& engin
         FScene::LightSoa const& lightData, ShadowMap::SceneInfo const& sceneInfo) noexcept {
 
     const size_t lightIndex = shadowMap.getLightIndex();
-    FLightManager::ShadowOptions const& options = shadowMap.getShadowOptions();
-    auto const& vsmShadowOptions = view.getVsmShadowOptions();
+    FLightManager::ShadowOptions const* const options = shadowMap.getShadowOptions();
 
     // update the shadow map frustum/camera
     const ShadowMap::ShadowMapInfo shadowMapInfo{
             .atlasDimension      = mTextureAtlasRequirements.size,
-            .textureDimension    = uint16_t(options.mapSize),
-            .shadowDimension     = uint16_t(options.mapSize - 2u),
+            .textureDimension    = uint16_t(options->mapSize),
+            .shadowDimension     = uint16_t(options->mapSize - 2u),
             .textureSpaceFlipped = engine.getBackend() == Backend::METAL ||
                                    engine.getBackend() == Backend::VULKAN ||
                                    engine.getBackend() == Backend::WEBGPU,
@@ -835,7 +834,7 @@ void ShadowMapManager::prepareSpotShadowMap(ShadowMap& shadowMap, FEngine& engin
         const size_t shadowIndex = shadowMap.getShadowIndex();
         const float2 wsTexelSizeAtOneMeter = shaderParameters.texelSizeAtOneMeterWs;
         // note: normalBias is set to zero for VSM
-        const float normalBias = shadowMapInfo.vsm ? 0.0f : options.normalBias;
+        const float normalBias = shadowMapInfo.vsm ? 0.0f : options->normalBias;
 
         auto& s = mShadowUb.edit();
         const double n = shadowMap.getCamera().getNear();
@@ -846,10 +845,9 @@ void ShadowMapManager::prepareSpotShadowMap(ShadowMap& shadowMap, FEngine& engin
         s.shadows[shadowIndex].normalBias = normalBias * wsTexelSizeAtOneMeter;
         s.shadows[shadowIndex].lightFromWorldZ = shaderParameters.lightFromWorldZ;
         s.shadows[shadowIndex].nearOverFarMinusNear = float(n / (f - n));
-        s.shadows[shadowIndex].elvsm = options.vsm.elvsm;
-        s.shadows[shadowIndex].vsmExponent = getWrapExponentEVSM(vsmShadowOptions, options);
+        s.shadows[shadowIndex].elvsm = options->vsm.elvsm;
         s.shadows[shadowIndex].bulbRadiusLs =
-                mSoftShadowOptions.penumbraScale * options.shadowBulbRadius
+                mSoftShadowOptions.penumbraScale * options->shadowBulbRadius
                         / length(wsTexelSizeAtOneMeter);
 
     }
@@ -907,14 +905,13 @@ void ShadowMapManager::preparePointShadowMap(ShadowMap& shadowMap,
 
     const uint8_t face = shadowMap.getFace();
     const size_t lightIndex = shadowMap.getLightIndex();
-    FLightManager::ShadowOptions const& options = shadowMap.getShadowOptions();
-    auto const& vsmShadowOptions = view.getVsmShadowOptions();
+    FLightManager::ShadowOptions const* const options = shadowMap.getShadowOptions();
 
     // update the shadow map frustum/camera
     const ShadowMap::ShadowMapInfo shadowMapInfo{
             .atlasDimension      = mTextureAtlasRequirements.size,
-            .textureDimension    = uint16_t(options.mapSize),
-            .shadowDimension     = uint16_t(options.mapSize), // point-lights don't have a border
+            .textureDimension    = uint16_t(options->mapSize),
+            .shadowDimension     = uint16_t(options->mapSize), // point-lights don't have a border
             .textureSpaceFlipped = engine.getBackend() == Backend::METAL ||
                                    engine.getBackend() == Backend::VULKAN ||
                                    engine.getBackend() == Backend::WEBGPU,
@@ -929,7 +926,7 @@ void ShadowMapManager::preparePointShadowMap(ShadowMap& shadowMap,
         const size_t shadowIndex = shadowMap.getShadowIndex();
         const float2 wsTexelSizeAtOneMeter = shaderParameters.texelSizeAtOneMeterWs;
         // note: normalBias is set to zero for VSM
-        const float normalBias = shadowMapInfo.vsm ? 0.0f : options.normalBias;
+        const float normalBias = shadowMapInfo.vsm ? 0.0f : options->normalBias;
 
         auto& s = mShadowUb.edit();
         const double n = shadowMap.getCamera().getNear();
@@ -940,10 +937,9 @@ void ShadowMapManager::preparePointShadowMap(ShadowMap& shadowMap,
         s.shadows[shadowIndex].normalBias = normalBias * wsTexelSizeAtOneMeter;
         s.shadows[shadowIndex].lightFromWorldZ = shaderParameters.lightFromWorldZ;
         s.shadows[shadowIndex].nearOverFarMinusNear = float(n / (f - n));
-        s.shadows[shadowIndex].elvsm = options.vsm.elvsm;
-        s.shadows[shadowIndex].vsmExponent = getWrapExponentEVSM(vsmShadowOptions, options);
+        s.shadows[shadowIndex].elvsm = options->vsm.elvsm;
         s.shadows[shadowIndex].bulbRadiusLs =
-                mSoftShadowOptions.penumbraScale * options.shadowBulbRadius
+                mSoftShadowOptions.penumbraScale * options->shadowBulbRadius
                         / length(wsTexelSizeAtOneMeter);
     }
 }
@@ -999,7 +995,7 @@ ShadowMapManager::ShadowTechnique ShadowMapManager::updateSpotShadowMaps(FEngine
             lightData.data<FScene::SHADOW_INFO>());
 
     ShadowTechnique shadowTechnique{};
-    utils::Slice<const ShadowMap> const spotShadowMaps = getSpotShadowMaps();
+    utils::Slice<const ShadowMap> spotShadowMaps = getSpotShadowMaps();
     if (!spotShadowMaps.empty()) {
         shadowTechnique |= ShadowTechnique::SHADOW_MAP;
         for (ShadowMap const& shadowMap : spotShadowMaps) {
@@ -1039,14 +1035,14 @@ void ShadowMapManager::calculateTextureRequirements(FEngine& engine, FView& view
     for (ShadowMap const& shadowMap : getCascadedShadowMap()) {
         // Shadow map size should be the same for all cascades.
         auto const& options = shadowMap.getShadowOptions();
-        maxDimension = std::max(maxDimension, options.mapSize);
-        elvsm = elvsm || options.vsm.elvsm;
+        maxDimension = std::max(maxDimension, options->mapSize);
+        elvsm = elvsm || options->vsm.elvsm;
     }
 
     for (ShadowMap const& shadowMap : getSpotShadowMaps()) {
         auto const& options = shadowMap.getShadowOptions();
-        maxDimension = std::max(maxDimension, options.mapSize);
-        elvsm = elvsm || options.vsm.elvsm;
+        maxDimension = std::max(maxDimension, options->mapSize);
+        elvsm = elvsm || options->vsm.elvsm;
     }
 
     uint8_t layersNeeded = 0;
@@ -1056,7 +1052,7 @@ void ShadowMapManager::calculateTextureRequirements(FEngine& engine, FView& view
         ShadowMap* pShadowMap) mutable {
         // Allocate shadowmap from our Atlas Allocator
         auto const& options = pShadowMap->getShadowOptions();
-        auto allocation = allocator.allocate(options.mapSize);
+        auto allocation = allocator.allocate(options->mapSize);
         assert_invariant(allocation.isValid());
         assert_invariant(!allocation.viewport.empty());
         pShadowMap->setAllocation(allocation.layer, allocation.viewport);
@@ -1092,7 +1088,6 @@ void ShadowMapManager::calculateTextureRequirements(FEngine& engine, FView& view
         msaaSamples = 1;
     }
 
-    float4 clearColor{};
     TextureFormat format = TextureFormat::DEPTH16;
     if (view.hasVSM()) {
         if (vsmShadowOptions.highPrecision) {
@@ -1100,9 +1095,6 @@ void ShadowMapManager::calculateTextureRequirements(FEngine& engine, FView& view
         } else {
             format = elvsm ? TextureFormat::RGBA16F : TextureFormat::RG16F;
         }
-        const float maxMoment2 = getMaxMomentEVSM(vsmShadowOptions);
-        const float maxMoment1 = std::sqrt(maxMoment2);
-        clearColor = { maxMoment1, maxMoment2, 0, 0 };
     }
 
     mSoftShadowOptions = view.getSoftShadowOptions();
@@ -1124,8 +1116,7 @@ void ShadowMapManager::calculateTextureRequirements(FEngine& engine, FView& view
             layersNeeded,
             mipLevels,
             msaaSamples,
-            format,
-            clearColor
+            format
     };
 }