OpenGL: handle glFenceSync returning null

2025-02-06 10:25:32 -08:00
42 changed files with 304 additions and 581 deletions
--- a/NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md
+++ b/NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md
@@ -7,3 +7,6 @@ for next branch cut* header.
 appropriate header in [RELEASE_NOTES.md](./RELEASE_NOTES.md).

 ## Release notes for next branch cut
+
+- matdbg: Add support for debugging ESSL 1.0 shaders
+- backend: New platform API to better handle external textures [⚠️ **New Material Version**]
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ repositories {
 }

 dependencies {
-    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.57.1'
+    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.56.7'
 }
 ```

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Here are all the libraries available in the group `com.google.android.filament`:
 iOS projects can use CocoaPods to install the latest release:

 ```shell
-pod 'Filament', '~> 1.57.1'
+pod 'Filament', '~> 1.56.7'
 ```

 ## Documentation
--- a/RELEASE_NOTES.md
+++ b/RELEASE_NOTES.md
@@ -7,14 +7,6 @@ A new header is inserted each time a *tag* is created.
 Instead, if you are authoring a PR for the main branch, add your release note to
 [NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md](./NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md).

-## v1.57.1
-
-
-## v1.57.0
-
- matdbg: Add support for debugging ESSL 1.0 shaders
- backend: New platform API to better handle external textures [⚠️ **New Material Version**]
-
 ## v1.56.8


--- a/android/filament-android/src/main/cpp/MaterialInstance.cpp
+++ b/android/filament-android/src/main/cpp/MaterialInstance.cpp
@@ -329,18 +329,6 @@ Java_com_google_android_filament_MaterialInstance_nSetCullingMode(JNIEnv*,
    instance->setCullingMode((MaterialInstance::CullingMode) cullingMode);
 }

-
-extern "C"
-JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
-Java_com_google_android_filament_MaterialInstance_nSetCullingModeSeparate(JNIEnv*, jclass,
-        jlong nativeMaterialInstance,
-        jlong colorPassCullingMode, jlong shadowPassCullingMode) {
-    MaterialInstance* instance = (MaterialInstance*) nativeMaterialInstance;
-    instance->setCullingMode(
-            (MaterialInstance::CullingMode) colorPassCullingMode,
-            (MaterialInstance::CullingMode) shadowPassCullingMode);
-}
-
 extern "C"
 JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
 Java_com_google_android_filament_MaterialInstance_nSetColorWrite(JNIEnv*,
@@ -517,14 +505,6 @@ Java_com_google_android_filament_MaterialInstance_nGetCullingMode(JNIEnv* env, j
    return (jint)instance->getCullingMode();
 }

-extern "C"
-JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
-Java_com_google_android_filament_MaterialInstance_nGetShadowCullingMode(JNIEnv* env, jclass,
-        jlong nativeMaterialInstance) {
-    MaterialInstance* instance = (MaterialInstance*)nativeMaterialInstance;
-    return (jint)instance->getShadowCullingMode();
-}
-
 extern "C"
 JNIEXPORT jboolean JNICALL
 Java_com_google_android_filament_MaterialInstance_nIsColorWriteEnabled(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz,
--- a/android/filament-android/src/main/java/com/google/android/filament/MaterialInstance.java
+++ b/android/filament-android/src/main/java/com/google/android/filament/MaterialInstance.java
@@ -556,20 +556,6 @@ public class MaterialInstance {
        nSetCullingMode(getNativeObject(), mode.ordinal());
    }

-    /**
-     * Overrides the default triangle culling state that was set on the material separately for the
-     * color and shadow passes
-     *
-     * @see
-     * <a href="https://google.github.io/filament/Materials.html#materialdefinitions/materialblock/rasterization:culling">
-     * Rasterization: culling</a>
-     */
-    public void setCullingMode(@NonNull Material.CullingMode colorPassCullingMode,
-                               @NonNull Material.CullingMode shadowPassCullingMode) {
-        nSetCullingModeSeparate(getNativeObject(),
-            colorPassCullingMode.ordinal(), shadowPassCullingMode.ordinal());
-    }
-
    /**
     * Returns the face culling mode.
     */
@@ -578,14 +564,6 @@ public class MaterialInstance {
        return sCullingModeValues[nGetCullingMode(getNativeObject())];
    }

-    /**
-     * Returns the face culling mode for the shadow passes.
-     */
-    @NonNull
-    public Material.CullingMode getShadowCullingMode() {
-        return sCullingModeValues[nGetShadowCullingMode(getNativeObject())];
-    }
-
    /**
     * Overrides the default color-buffer write state that was set on the material.
     *
@@ -942,8 +920,6 @@ public class MaterialInstance {

    private static native void nSetDoubleSided(long nativeMaterialInstance, boolean doubleSided);
    private static native void nSetCullingMode(long nativeMaterialInstance, long mode);
-    private static native void nSetCullingModeSeparate(long nativeMaterialInstance,
-            long colorPassCullingMode, long shadowPassCullingMode);
    private static native void nSetColorWrite(long nativeMaterialInstance, boolean enable);
    private static native void nSetDepthWrite(long nativeMaterialInstance, boolean enable);
    private static native void nSetStencilWrite(long nativeMaterialInstance, boolean enable);
@@ -976,7 +952,6 @@ public class MaterialInstance {
    private static native float nGetSpecularAntiAliasingThreshold(long nativeMaterialInstance);
    private static native boolean nIsDoubleSided(long nativeMaterialInstance);
    private static native int nGetCullingMode(long nativeMaterialInstance);
-    private static native int nGetShadowCullingMode(long nativeMaterialInstance);
    private static native boolean nIsColorWriteEnabled(long nativeMaterialInstance);
    private static native boolean nIsDepthWriteEnabled(long nativeMaterialInstance);
    private static native boolean nIsStencilWriteEnabled(long nativeMaterialInstance);
--- a/android/gradle.properties
+++ b/android/gradle.properties
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 GROUP=com.google.android.filament
-VERSION_NAME=1.57.1
+VERSION_NAME=1.56.7

 POM_DESCRIPTION=Real-time physically based rendering engine for Android.

--- a/filament/backend/include/backend/Platform.h
+++ b/filament/backend/include/backend/Platform.h
@@ -79,10 +79,6 @@ public:

        void clear() noexcept;
        void reset(ExternalImage* UTILS_NULLABLE p) noexcept;
-
-    private:
-        friend utils::io::ostream& operator<<(utils::io::ostream& out,
-                ExternalImageHandle const& handle);
    };

    using ExternalImageHandleRef = ExternalImageHandle const&;
@@ -169,7 +165,7 @@ public:
     *
     * @return nullptr on failure, or a pointer to the newly created driver.
     */
-    virtual Driver* UTILS_NULLABLE createDriver(void* UTILS_NULLABLE sharedContext,
+    virtual backend::Driver* UTILS_NULLABLE createDriver(void* UTILS_NULLABLE sharedContext,
            const DriverConfig& driverConfig) noexcept = 0;

    /**
--- a/filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/OpenGLPlatform.h
+++ b/filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/OpenGLPlatform.h
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@

 #include <utils/compiler.h>
 #include <utils/Invocable.h>
-#include <utils/CString.h>

 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -57,18 +56,6 @@ public:
        unsigned int id; // GLuint id
    };

-    /**
-     * Return the OpenGL vendor string of the specified Driver instance.
-     * @return The GL_VENDOR string
-     */
-    static utils::CString getVendorString(Driver const* UTILS_NONNULL driver);
-
-    /**
-     * Return the OpenGL vendor string of the specified Driver instance
-     * @return The GL_RENDERER string
-     */
-    static utils::CString getRendererString(Driver const* UTILS_NONNULL driver);
-
    /**
     * Called by the driver to destroy the OpenGL context. This should clean up any windows
     * or buffers from initialization. This is for instance where `eglDestroyContext` would be
--- a/filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/PlatformCocoaGL.h
+++ b/filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/PlatformCocoaGL.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_OPENGL_OPENGL_PLATFORM_COCOA_GL_H
 #define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_OPENGL_OPENGL_PLATFORM_COCOA_GL_H

+#include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
 #include <backend/platforms/OpenGLPlatform.h>

 #include <stdint.h>
--- a/filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/PlatformEGL.h
+++ b/filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/PlatformEGL.h
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@ protected:
     * Initializes EGL, creates the OpenGL context and returns a concrete Driver implementation
     * that supports OpenGL/OpenGL ES.
     */
-    Driver* createDriver(void* sharedContext, const DriverConfig& driverConfig) noexcept override;
+    Driver* createDriver(void* sharedContext,
+            const Platform::DriverConfig& driverConfig) noexcept override;

    /**
     * This returns zero. This method can be overridden to return something more useful.
--- a/filament/backend/include/private/backend/HandleAllocator.h
+++ b/filament/backend/include/private/backend/HandleAllocator.h
@@ -249,8 +249,8 @@ public:
        if (UTILS_LIKELY(isPoolHandle(id))) {
            // Truncate the age to get the debug tag
            key &= ~(HANDLE_DEBUG_TAG_MASK ^ HANDLE_AGE_MASK);
-            writeHandleTag(key, std::move(tag));
        }
+        writeHandleTag(key, std::move(tag));
    }

 private:
--- a/filament/backend/src/Platform.cpp
+++ b/filament/backend/src/Platform.cpp
@@ -35,13 +35,12 @@ void Platform::ExternalImageHandle::incref(ExternalImage* p) noexcept {

 void Platform::ExternalImageHandle::decref(ExternalImage* p) noexcept {
    if (p) {
-        // When decrementing the ref-count, unless it reaches zero, there is no need to acquire
-        // data; we need to release all previous writes though so they can be visible to the thread
-        // that will actually delete the object.
+        // When decrementing the ref-count, unless it reaches zero, there is no need to acquire data; we need to
+        // release all previous writes though so they can be visible to the thread that will actually delete the
+        // object.
        if (p->mRefCount.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_release) == 1) {
-            // if we reach zero, we're about to delete the object, we need to acquire all previous
-            // writes from other threads (i.e.: the memory from other threads prior to the decref()
-            // need to be visible now.
+            // if we reach zero, we're about to delete the object, we need to acquire all previous writes from other
+            // threads (i.e.: the memory from other threads prior to the decref() need to be visible now.
            std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);
            delete p;
        }
@@ -69,8 +68,7 @@ Platform::ExternalImageHandle::ExternalImageHandle(ExternalImageHandle&& rhs) no
    rhs.mTarget = nullptr;
 }

-Platform::ExternalImageHandle& Platform::ExternalImageHandle::operator=(
-        ExternalImageHandle const& rhs) noexcept {
+Platform::ExternalImageHandle& Platform::ExternalImageHandle::operator=(ExternalImageHandle const& rhs) noexcept {
    if (UTILS_LIKELY(this != &rhs)) {
        incref(rhs.mTarget);
        decref(mTarget);
@@ -79,8 +77,7 @@ Platform::ExternalImageHandle& Platform::ExternalImageHandle::operator=(
    return *this;
 }

-Platform::ExternalImageHandle& Platform::ExternalImageHandle::operator=(
-        ExternalImageHandle&& rhs) noexcept {
+Platform::ExternalImageHandle& Platform::ExternalImageHandle::operator=(ExternalImageHandle&& rhs) noexcept {
    if (UTILS_LIKELY(this != &rhs)) {
        decref(mTarget);
        mTarget = rhs.mTarget;
@@ -100,12 +97,6 @@ void Platform::ExternalImageHandle::reset(ExternalImage* p) noexcept {
    mTarget = p;
 }

-utils::io::ostream& operator<<(utils::io::ostream& out,
-        Platform::ExternalImageHandle const& handle) {
-    out << "ExternalImageHandle{" << handle.mTarget << "}";
-    return out;
-}
-
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Platform::ExternalImage::~ExternalImage() noexcept = default;
--- a/filament/backend/src/noop/NoopDriver.cpp
+++ b/filament/backend/src/noop/NoopDriver.cpp
@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@
 * limitations under the License.
 */

-#include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
-#include <backend/Handle.h>
-
 #include "noop/NoopDriver.h"
 #include "CommandStreamDispatcher.h"

--- a/filament/backend/src/opengl/OpenGLDriver.cpp
+++ b/filament/backend/src/opengl/OpenGLDriver.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
 #include <backend/Program.h>
 #include <backend/TargetBufferInfo.h>

-#include "private/backend/CommandStream.h"
 #include "private/backend/Dispatcher.h"
 #include "private/backend/DriverApi.h"

@@ -47,11 +46,9 @@
 #include <utils/BitmaskEnum.h>
 #include <utils/FixedCapacityVector.h>
 #include <utils/CString.h>
-#include <utils/Invocable.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <utils/Panic.h>
 #include <utils/Systrace.h>
-#include <utils/Slice.h>
 #include <utils/compiler.h>
 #include <utils/debug.h>
 #include <utils/ostream.h>
@@ -157,8 +154,8 @@ using namespace GLUtils;
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 UTILS_NOINLINE
-OpenGLDriver* OpenGLDriver::create(OpenGLPlatform* const platform,
-        void* const /*sharedGLContext*/, const Platform::DriverConfig& driverConfig) noexcept {
+Driver* OpenGLDriver::create(OpenGLPlatform* const platform,
+        void* const sharedGLContext, const Platform::DriverConfig& driverConfig) noexcept {
    assert_invariant(platform);
    OpenGLPlatform* const ec = platform;

@@ -225,7 +222,7 @@ OpenGLDriver* OpenGLDriver::create(OpenGLPlatform* const platform,
    }
 #endif

-    constexpr size_t defaultSize = FILAMENT_OPENGL_HANDLE_ARENA_SIZE_IN_MB * 1024U * 1024U;
+    size_t const defaultSize = FILAMENT_OPENGL_HANDLE_ARENA_SIZE_IN_MB * 1024U * 1024U;
    Platform::DriverConfig validConfig{ driverConfig };
    validConfig.handleArenaSize = std::max(driverConfig.handleArenaSize, defaultSize);
    OpenGLDriver* const driver = new(std::nothrow) OpenGLDriver(ec, validConfig);
@@ -280,6 +277,7 @@ OpenGLDriver::OpenGLDriver(OpenGLPlatform* platform, const Platform::DriverConfi
                  driverConfig.disableHandleUseAfterFreeCheck),
          mDriverConfig(driverConfig),
          mCurrentPushConstants(new(std::nothrow) PushConstantBundle{}) {
+
    // set a reasonable default value for our stream array
    mTexturesWithStreamsAttached.reserve(8);
    mStreamsWithPendingAcquiredImage.reserve(8);
@@ -368,8 +366,8 @@ void OpenGLDriver::bindSampler(GLuint unit, GLuint sampler) noexcept {
    mContext.bindSampler(unit, sampler);
 }

-void OpenGLDriver::setPushConstant(ShaderStage stage, uint8_t index,
-        PushConstantVariant value) {
+void OpenGLDriver::setPushConstant(backend::ShaderStage stage, uint8_t index,
+        backend::PushConstantVariant value) {
    assert_invariant(stage == ShaderStage::VERTEX || stage == ShaderStage::FRAGMENT);

 #if FILAMENT_ENABLE_MATDBG
@@ -378,7 +376,7 @@ void OpenGLDriver::setPushConstant(ShaderStage stage, uint8_t index,
    }
 #endif

-    Slice<std::pair<GLint, ConstantType>> constants;
+    utils::Slice<std::pair<GLint, ConstantType>> constants;
    if (stage == ShaderStage::VERTEX) {
        constants = mCurrentPushConstants->vertexConstants;
    } else if (stage == ShaderStage::FRAGMENT) {
@@ -683,7 +681,7 @@ void OpenGLDriver::createBufferObjectR(Handle<HwBufferObject> boh,
        bo->gl.buffer = malloc(byteCount);
        memset(bo->gl.buffer, 0, byteCount);
    } else {
-        bo->gl.binding = getBufferBindingType(bindingType);
+        bo->gl.binding = GLUtils::getBufferBindingType(bindingType);
        glGenBuffers(1, &bo->gl.id);
        gl.bindBuffer(bo->gl.binding, bo->gl.id);
        glBufferData(bo->gl.binding, byteCount, nullptr, getBufferUsage(usage));
@@ -760,7 +758,7 @@ void OpenGLDriver::createProgramR(Handle<HwProgram> ph, Program&& program) {
 }

 UTILS_NOINLINE
-void OpenGLDriver::textureStorage(GLTexture* t,
+void OpenGLDriver::textureStorage(OpenGLDriver::GLTexture* t,
        uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t depth, bool useProtectedMemory) noexcept {

    auto& gl = mContext;
@@ -896,17 +894,6 @@ void OpenGLDriver::createTextureR(Handle<HwTexture> th, SamplerType target, uint
        if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(t->target == SamplerType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL)) {
            t->externalTexture = mPlatform.createExternalImageTexture();
            if (t->externalTexture) {
-                if (target == SamplerType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL) {
-                    if (UTILS_LIKELY(gl.ext.OES_EGL_image_external_essl3)) {
-                        t->externalTexture->target = GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES;
-                    } else {
-                        // revert to texture 2D if external is not supported; what else can we do?
-                        t->externalTexture->target = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    t->externalTexture->target = getTextureTargetNotExternal(target);
-                }
-
                t->gl.target = t->externalTexture->target;
                t->gl.id = t->externalTexture->id;
                // internalFormat actually depends on the external image, but it doesn't matter
@@ -1157,7 +1144,7 @@ void OpenGLDriver::createTextureExternalImageR(Handle<HwTexture> th, SamplerType
 }

 void OpenGLDriver::createTextureExternalImagePlaneR(Handle<HwTexture> th,
-        TextureFormat format, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, TextureUsage usage,
+        backend::TextureFormat format, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, backend::TextureUsage usage,
        void* image, uint32_t plane) {
    // not relevant for the OpenGL backend
 }
@@ -1473,7 +1460,7 @@ void OpenGLDriver::framebufferTexture(TargetBufferInfo const& binfo,
        && ((gl.ext.EXT_multisampled_render_to_texture && attachment == GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0)
            || gl.ext.EXT_multisampled_render_to_texture2)) {
        assert_invariant(rt->gl.samples > 1);
-        // We have a multi-sample rendertarget, and we have EXT_multisampled_render_to_texture,
+        // We have a multi-sample rendertarget and we have EXT_multisampled_render_to_texture,
        // so, we can directly use a 1-sample texture as attachment, multi-sample resolve,
        // will happen automagically and efficiently in the driver.
        // This extension only exists on OpenGL ES.
@@ -1673,9 +1660,9 @@ void OpenGLDriver::createRenderTargetR(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth,
    rt->gl.samples = samples;
    rt->targets = targets;

-    UTILS_UNUSED_IN_RELEASE vec2<uint32_t> tmin = { std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() };
-    UTILS_UNUSED_IN_RELEASE vec2<uint32_t> tmax = { 0 };
-    auto checkDimensions = [&tmin, &tmax](GLTexture const* t, uint8_t level) {
+    UTILS_UNUSED_IN_RELEASE math::vec2<uint32_t> tmin = { std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() };
+    UTILS_UNUSED_IN_RELEASE math::vec2<uint32_t> tmax = { 0 };
+    auto checkDimensions = [&tmin, &tmax](GLTexture* t, uint8_t level) {
        const auto twidth = std::max(1u, t->width >> level);
        const auto theight = std::max(1u, t->height >> level);
        tmin = { std::min(tmin.x, twidth), std::min(tmin.y, theight) };
@@ -2377,11 +2364,11 @@ bool OpenGLDriver::isStereoSupported() {
        return false;
    }
    switch (mDriverConfig.stereoscopicType) {
-        case StereoscopicType::INSTANCED:
+        case backend::StereoscopicType::INSTANCED:
            return mContext.ext.EXT_clip_cull_distance;
-        case StereoscopicType::MULTIVIEW:
+        case backend::StereoscopicType::MULTIVIEW:
            return mContext.ext.OVR_multiview2;
-        case StereoscopicType::NONE:
+        case backend::StereoscopicType::NONE:
            return false;
    }
 }
@@ -2394,7 +2381,7 @@ bool OpenGLDriver::isDepthStencilResolveSupported() {
    return true;
 }

-bool OpenGLDriver::isDepthStencilBlitSupported(TextureFormat) {
+bool OpenGLDriver::isDepthStencilBlitSupported(TextureFormat format) {
    return true;
 }

@@ -2428,12 +2415,12 @@ FeatureLevel OpenGLDriver::getFeatureLevel() {
    return mContext.getFeatureLevel();
 }

-float2 OpenGLDriver::getClipSpaceParams() {
+math::float2 OpenGLDriver::getClipSpaceParams() {
    return mContext.ext.EXT_clip_control ?
           // z-coordinate of virtual and physical clip-space is in [-w, 0]
-           float2{ 1.0f, 0.0f } :
+           math::float2{ 1.0f, 0.0f } :
           // z-coordinate of virtual clip-space is in [-w,0], physical is in [-w, w]
-           float2{ 2.0f, -1.0f };
+           math::float2{ 2.0f, -1.0f };
 }

 uint8_t OpenGLDriver::getMaxDrawBuffers() {
@@ -2497,7 +2484,7 @@ void OpenGLDriver::makeCurrent(Handle<HwSwapChain> schDraw, Handle<HwSwapChain>
 // Updating driver objects
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-void OpenGLDriver::setDebugTag(HandleBase::HandleId handleId, CString tag) {
+void OpenGLDriver::setDebugTag(HandleBase::HandleId handleId, utils::CString tag) {
    mHandleAllocator.associateTagToHandle(handleId, std::move(tag));
 }

@@ -2673,7 +2660,7 @@ void OpenGLDriver::generateMipmaps(Handle<HwTexture> th) {
    CHECK_GL_ERROR(utils::slog.e)
 }

-void OpenGLDriver::setTextureData(GLTexture const* t, uint32_t level,
+void OpenGLDriver::setTextureData(GLTexture* t, uint32_t level,
        uint32_t xoffset, uint32_t yoffset, uint32_t zoffset,
        uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t depth,
        PixelBufferDescriptor&& p) {
@@ -2782,7 +2769,7 @@ void OpenGLDriver::setTextureData(GLTexture const* t, uint32_t level,
    CHECK_GL_ERROR(utils::slog.e)
 }

-void OpenGLDriver::setCompressedTextureData(GLTexture const* t, uint32_t level,
+void OpenGLDriver::setCompressedTextureData(GLTexture* t, uint32_t level,
        uint32_t xoffset, uint32_t yoffset, uint32_t zoffset,
        uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t depth,
        PixelBufferDescriptor&& p) {
@@ -3423,8 +3410,8 @@ void OpenGLDriver::readPixels(Handle<HwRenderTarget> src,
 #endif
 }

-void OpenGLDriver::readBufferSubData(BufferObjectHandle boh,
-        uint32_t offset, uint32_t size, BufferDescriptor&& p) {
+void OpenGLDriver::readBufferSubData(backend::BufferObjectHandle boh,
+        uint32_t offset, uint32_t size, backend::BufferDescriptor&& p) {
    UTILS_UNUSED_IN_RELEASE auto& gl = mContext;
    assert_invariant(!gl.isES2());

@@ -3502,6 +3489,14 @@ void OpenGLDriver::whenFrameComplete(const std::function<void()>& fn) noexcept {

 void OpenGLDriver::whenGpuCommandsComplete(const std::function<void()>& fn) noexcept {
    GLsync sync = glFenceSync(GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE, 0);
+    // glFenceSync can return 0 in certain situations. For example, we've seen this happen on Web
+    // when the GL context has been lost.
+    // Unfortunately, there's not much we can do here. The fn callback will never execute, which
+    // could cause issues. If we've lost the WebGL context though, Filament is most likely shutting
+    // down anyway, so in practice this might not be a big problem.
+    if (!sync) {
+        return;
+    }
    mGpuCommandCompleteOps.emplace_back(sync, fn);
    CHECK_GL_ERROR(utils::slog.e)
 }
@@ -3571,13 +3566,13 @@ void OpenGLDriver::beginFrame(
    }
 }

-void OpenGLDriver::setFrameScheduledCallback(Handle<HwSwapChain>, CallbackHandler*,
-        FrameScheduledCallback&& /*callback*/, uint64_t /*flags*/) {
+void OpenGLDriver::setFrameScheduledCallback(Handle<HwSwapChain> sch, CallbackHandler* handler,
+        FrameScheduledCallback&& callback, uint64_t flags) {
    DEBUG_MARKER()
 }

-void OpenGLDriver::setFrameCompletedCallback(Handle<HwSwapChain>,
-        CallbackHandler*, Invocable<void()>&& /*callback*/) {
+void OpenGLDriver::setFrameCompletedCallback(Handle<HwSwapChain> sch,
+        CallbackHandler* handler, utils::Invocable<void(void)>&& callback) {
    DEBUG_MARKER()
 }

@@ -3608,9 +3603,9 @@ void OpenGLDriver::endFrame(UTILS_UNUSED uint32_t frameId) {
 }

 void OpenGLDriver::updateDescriptorSetBuffer(
-        DescriptorSetHandle dsh,
-        descriptor_binding_t binding,
-        BufferObjectHandle boh,
+        backend::DescriptorSetHandle dsh,
+        backend::descriptor_binding_t binding,
+        backend::BufferObjectHandle boh,
        uint32_t offset, uint32_t size) {
    GLDescriptorSet* ds = handle_cast<GLDescriptorSet*>(dsh);
    GLBufferObject* bo = boh ? handle_cast<GLBufferObject*>(boh) : nullptr;
@@ -3618,9 +3613,9 @@ void OpenGLDriver::updateDescriptorSetBuffer(
 }

 void OpenGLDriver::updateDescriptorSetTexture(
-        DescriptorSetHandle dsh,
-        descriptor_binding_t binding,
-        TextureHandle th,
+        backend::DescriptorSetHandle dsh,
+        backend::descriptor_binding_t binding,
+        backend::TextureHandle th,
        SamplerParams params) {
    GLDescriptorSet* ds = handle_cast<GLDescriptorSet*>(dsh);
    GLTexture* t = th ? handle_cast<GLTexture*>(th) : nullptr;
@@ -3653,7 +3648,7 @@ void OpenGLDriver::finish(int) {

 UTILS_NOINLINE
 void OpenGLDriver::clearWithRasterPipe(TargetBufferFlags clearFlags,
-        float4 const& linearColor, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil) noexcept {
+        math::float4 const& linearColor, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil) noexcept {

    if (any(clearFlags & TargetBufferFlags::COLOR_ALL)) {
        mContext.colorMask(GL_TRUE);
@@ -3976,9 +3971,9 @@ void OpenGLDriver::bindRenderPrimitive(Handle<HwRenderPrimitive> rph) {
 }

 void OpenGLDriver::bindDescriptorSet(
-        DescriptorSetHandle dsh,
-        descriptor_set_t set,
-        DescriptorSetOffsetArray&& offsets) {
+        backend::DescriptorSetHandle dsh,
+        backend::descriptor_set_t set,
+        backend::DescriptorSetOffsetArray&& offsets) {

    if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(!dsh)) {
        mBoundDescriptorSets[set].dsh = dsh;
@@ -4010,7 +4005,7 @@ void OpenGLDriver::bindDescriptorSet(
    }
 }

-void OpenGLDriver::updateDescriptors(bitset8 invalidDescriptorSets) noexcept {
+void OpenGLDriver::updateDescriptors(utils::bitset8 invalidDescriptorSets) noexcept {
    assert_invariant(mBoundProgram);
    auto const offsetOnly = mInvalidDescriptorSetBindingOffsets & ~mInvalidDescriptorSetBindings;
    invalidDescriptorSets.forEachSetBit([this, offsetOnly,
@@ -4122,7 +4117,7 @@ void OpenGLDriver::draw(PipelineState state, Handle<HwRenderPrimitive> rph,
    }
 }

-void OpenGLDriver::dispatchCompute(Handle<HwProgram> program, uint3 workGroupCount) {
+void OpenGLDriver::dispatchCompute(Handle<HwProgram> program, math::uint3 workGroupCount) {
    DEBUG_MARKER()
    getShaderCompilerService().tick();

--- a/filament/backend/src/opengl/OpenGLDriver.h
+++ b/filament/backend/src/opengl/OpenGLDriver.h
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@

 #include "DriverBase.h"
 #include "OpenGLContext.h"
-#include "OpenGLDriverBase.h"
 #include "OpenGLTimerQuery.h"
 #include "GLBufferObject.h"
 #include "GLDescriptorSet.h"
@@ -27,10 +26,11 @@
 #include "GLTexture.h"
 #include "ShaderCompilerService.h"

+#include <backend/platforms/OpenGLPlatform.h>
+
 #include <backend/AcquiredImage.h>
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
 #include <backend/Handle.h>
-#include <backend/PipelineState.h>
 #include <backend/Platform.h>
 #include <backend/Program.h>
 #include <backend/TargetBufferInfo.h>
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
 #include <utils/bitset.h>
 #include <utils/FixedCapacityVector.h>
 #include <utils/compiler.h>
-#include <utils/CString.h>
 #include <utils/debug.h>

 #include <math/vec4.h>
@@ -75,14 +74,14 @@ class OpenGLProgram;
 class TimerQueryFactoryInterface;
 struct PushConstantBundle;

-class OpenGLDriver final : public OpenGLDriverBase {
+class OpenGLDriver final : public DriverBase {
    inline explicit OpenGLDriver(OpenGLPlatform* platform,
            const Platform::DriverConfig& driverConfig) noexcept;
-    ~OpenGLDriver() noexcept override;
-    Dispatcher getDispatcher() const noexcept override;
+    ~OpenGLDriver() noexcept final;
+    Dispatcher getDispatcher() const noexcept final;

 public:
-    static OpenGLDriver* create(OpenGLPlatform* platform, void* sharedGLContext,
+    static Driver* create(OpenGLPlatform* platform, void* sharedGLContext,
            const Platform::DriverConfig& driverConfig) noexcept;

    class DebugMarker {
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ public:
            std::condition_variable cond;
            FenceStatus status{ FenceStatus::TIMEOUT_EXPIRED };
        };
-        std::shared_ptr<State> state{ std::make_shared<State>() };
+        std::shared_ptr<State> state{ std::make_shared<GLFence::State>() };
    };

    OpenGLDriver(OpenGLDriver const&) = delete;
@@ -204,21 +203,13 @@ private:
        return mShaderCompilerService;
    }

-    ShaderModel getShaderModel() const noexcept override;
-    ShaderLanguage getShaderLanguage() const noexcept override;
+    ShaderModel getShaderModel() const noexcept final;
+    ShaderLanguage getShaderLanguage() const noexcept final;

    /*
-     * OpenGLDriver interface
+     * Driver interface
     */

-    utils::CString getVendorString() const noexcept override {
-        return utils::CString{ mContext.state.vendor };
-    }
-
-    utils::CString getRendererString() const noexcept override {
-        return utils::CString{ mContext.state.renderer };
-    }
-
    template<typename T>
    friend class ConcreteDispatcher;

@@ -245,21 +236,21 @@ private:
    }

    template<typename D, typename B, typename ... ARGS>
-    std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<B, D>, D>*
+    typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<B, D>::value, D>::type*
    construct(Handle<B> const& handle, ARGS&& ... args) {
        return mHandleAllocator.destroyAndConstruct<D, B>(handle, std::forward<ARGS>(args) ...);
    }

    template<typename B, typename D,
-            typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<B, D>, D>>
+            typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<B, D>::value, D>::type>
    void destruct(Handle<B>& handle, D const* p) noexcept {
        return mHandleAllocator.deallocate(handle, p);
    }

    template<typename Dp, typename B>
-    std::enable_if_t<
+    typename std::enable_if_t<
            std::is_pointer_v<Dp> &&
-            std::is_base_of_v<B, std::remove_pointer_t<Dp>>, Dp>
+            std::is_base_of_v<B, typename std::remove_pointer_t<Dp>>, Dp>
    handle_cast(Handle<B>& handle) {
        return mHandleAllocator.handle_cast<Dp, B>(handle);
    }
@@ -270,9 +261,9 @@ private:
    }

    template<typename Dp, typename B>
-    std::enable_if_t<
+    inline typename std::enable_if_t<
            std::is_pointer_v<Dp> &&
-            std::is_base_of_v<B, std::remove_pointer_t<Dp>>, Dp>
+            std::is_base_of_v<B, typename std::remove_pointer_t<Dp>>, Dp>
    handle_cast(Handle<B> const& handle) {
        return mHandleAllocator.handle_cast<Dp, B>(handle);
    }
@@ -297,13 +288,13 @@ private:

    void setStencilState(StencilState ss) noexcept;

-    void setTextureData(GLTexture const* t,
+    void setTextureData(GLTexture* t,
            uint32_t level,
            uint32_t xoffset, uint32_t yoffset, uint32_t zoffset,
            uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t depth,
            PixelBufferDescriptor&& p);

-    void setCompressedTextureData(GLTexture const* t,
+    void setCompressedTextureData(GLTexture* t,
            uint32_t level,
            uint32_t xoffset, uint32_t yoffset, uint32_t zoffset,
            uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t depth,
@@ -312,7 +303,7 @@ private:
    void renderBufferStorage(GLuint rbo, GLenum internalformat, uint32_t width,
            uint32_t height, uint8_t samples) const noexcept;

-    void textureStorage(GLTexture* t, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+    void textureStorage(OpenGLDriver::GLTexture* t, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
            uint32_t depth, bool useProtectedMemory) noexcept;

    /* State tracking GL wrappers... */
@@ -344,9 +335,9 @@ private:
    void updateDescriptors(utils::bitset8 invalidDescriptorSets) noexcept;

    struct {
-        DescriptorSetHandle dsh;
+        backend::DescriptorSetHandle dsh;
        std::array<uint32_t, CONFIG_UNIFORM_BINDING_COUNT> offsets;
-    } mBoundDescriptorSets[MAX_DESCRIPTOR_SET_COUNT] = {};
+    } mBoundDescriptorSets[MAX_DESCRIPTOR_SET_COUNT];

    void clearWithRasterPipe(TargetBufferFlags clearFlags,
            math::float4 const& linearColor, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil) noexcept;
--- a/filament/backend/src/opengl/OpenGLDriverBase.h
+++ b/filament/backend/src/opengl/OpenGLDriverBase.h
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_OPENGL_OPENGLDRIVERBASE_H
-#define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_OPENGL_OPENGLDRIVERBASE_H
-
-#include "DriverBase.h"
-
-#include <utils/CString.h>
-
-namespace filament::backend {
-
-class OpenGLDriverBase : public DriverBase {
-protected:
-    ~OpenGLDriverBase() override;
-
-public:
-    virtual utils::CString getVendorString() const noexcept = 0;
-    virtual utils::CString getRendererString() const noexcept = 0;
-};
-
-} // filament::backend
-
-#endif //TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_OPENGL_OPENGLDRIVERBASE_H
--- a/filament/backend/src/opengl/OpenGLPlatform.cpp
+++ b/filament/backend/src/opengl/OpenGLPlatform.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@

 #include <backend/platforms/OpenGLPlatform.h>

-#include "OpenGLDriverBase.h"
 #include "OpenGLDriverFactory.h"

 #include <backend/AcquiredImage.h>
@@ -24,45 +23,21 @@
 #include <backend/Platform.h>

 #include <utils/compiler.h>
-#include <utils/Panic.h>
-#include <utils/CString.h>
-#include <utils/Invocable.h>

+#include <utils/Invocable.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>

-#include "OpenGLDriver.h"
-
 namespace filament::backend {

-OpenGLDriverBase::~OpenGLDriverBase() = default;
-
 Driver* OpenGLPlatform::createDefaultDriver(OpenGLPlatform* platform,
-        void* sharedContext, const DriverConfig& driverConfig) {
+        void* sharedContext, const Platform::DriverConfig& driverConfig) {
    return OpenGLDriverFactory::create(platform, sharedContext, driverConfig);
 }

 OpenGLPlatform::~OpenGLPlatform() noexcept = default;

-utils::CString OpenGLPlatform::getVendorString(Driver const* driver) {
-    auto const p = static_cast<OpenGLDriverBase const*>(driver);
-#if UTILS_HAS_RTTI
-    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(dynamic_cast<OpenGLDriverBase const*>(driver))
-            << "Driver* has not been allocated with OpenGLPlatform";
-#endif
-    return p->getVendorString();
-}
-
-utils::CString OpenGLPlatform::getRendererString(Driver const* driver) {
-    auto const p = static_cast<OpenGLDriverBase const*>(driver);
-#if UTILS_HAS_RTTI
-    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(dynamic_cast<OpenGLDriverBase const*>(driver))
-            << "Driver* has not been allocated with OpenGLPlatform";
-#endif
-    return p->getRendererString();
-}
-
 void OpenGLPlatform::makeCurrent(SwapChain* drawSwapChain, SwapChain* readSwapChain,
        utils::Invocable<void()>, utils::Invocable<void(size_t)>) noexcept {
    makeCurrent(getCurrentContextType(), drawSwapChain, readSwapChain);
--- a/filament/backend/src/opengl/platforms/PlatformEGL.cpp
+++ b/filament/backend/src/opengl/platforms/PlatformEGL.cpp
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ Driver* PlatformEGL::createDriver(void* sharedContext, const DriverConfig& drive
    clearGlError();

    // success!!
-    return createDefaultDriver(this, sharedContext, driverConfig);
+    return OpenGLPlatform::createDefaultDriver(this, sharedContext, driverConfig);

 error:
    // if we're here, we've failed
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ Platform::SwapChain* PlatformEGL::createSwapChain(
    return sc;
 }

-void PlatformEGL::destroySwapChain(SwapChain* swapChain) noexcept {
+void PlatformEGL::destroySwapChain(Platform::SwapChain* swapChain) noexcept {
    if (swapChain) {
        SwapChainEGL const* const sc = static_cast<SwapChainEGL const*>(swapChain);
        if (sc->sur != EGL_NO_SURFACE) {
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ void PlatformEGL::destroySwapChain(SwapChain* swapChain) noexcept {
    }
 }

-bool PlatformEGL::isSwapChainProtected(SwapChain* swapChain) noexcept {
+bool PlatformEGL::isSwapChainProtected(Platform::SwapChain* swapChain) noexcept {
    if (swapChain) {
        SwapChainEGL const* const sc = static_cast<SwapChainEGL const*>(swapChain);
        return bool(sc->flags & SWAP_CHAIN_CONFIG_PROTECTED_CONTENT);
@@ -585,10 +585,10 @@ bool PlatformEGL::makeCurrent(ContextType type,
    return success == EGL_TRUE ? true : false;
 }

-void PlatformEGL::makeCurrent(SwapChain* drawSwapChain,
-        SwapChain* readSwapChain,
-        Invocable<void()> preContextChange,
-        Invocable<void(size_t index)> postContextChange) noexcept {
+void PlatformEGL::makeCurrent(Platform::SwapChain* drawSwapChain,
+        Platform::SwapChain* readSwapChain,
+        utils::Invocable<void()> preContextChange,
+        utils::Invocable<void(size_t index)> postContextChange) noexcept {

    assert_invariant(drawSwapChain);
    assert_invariant(readSwapChain);
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ void PlatformEGL::makeCurrent(SwapChain* drawSwapChain,
    }
 }

-void PlatformEGL::commit(SwapChain* swapChain) noexcept {
+void PlatformEGL::commit(Platform::SwapChain* swapChain) noexcept {
    if (swapChain) {
        SwapChainEGL const* const sc = static_cast<SwapChainEGL const*>(swapChain);
        if (sc->sur != EGL_NO_SURFACE) {
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ Platform::Fence* PlatformEGL::createFence() noexcept {
    return f;
 }

-void PlatformEGL::destroyFence(Fence* fence) noexcept {
+void PlatformEGL::destroyFence(Platform::Fence* fence) noexcept {
 #ifdef EGL_KHR_reusable_sync
    EGLSyncKHR sync = (EGLSyncKHR) fence;
    if (sync != EGL_NO_SYNC_KHR) {
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ void PlatformEGL::destroyFence(Fence* fence) noexcept {
 }

 FenceStatus PlatformEGL::waitFence(
-        Fence* fence, uint64_t timeout) noexcept {
+        Platform::Fence* fence, uint64_t timeout) noexcept {
 #ifdef EGL_KHR_reusable_sync
    EGLSyncKHR sync = (EGLSyncKHR) fence;
    if (sync != EGL_NO_SYNC_KHR) {
@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ void PlatformEGL::initializeGlExtensions() noexcept {
    ext.gl.OES_EGL_image_external_essl3 = glExtensions.has("GL_OES_EGL_image_external_essl3");
 }

-EGLContext PlatformEGL::getContextForType(ContextType type) const noexcept {
+EGLContext PlatformEGL::getContextForType(OpenGLPlatform::ContextType type) const noexcept {
    switch (type) {
        case ContextType::NONE:
            return EGL_NO_CONTEXT;
--- a/filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanContext.h
+++ b/filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanContext.h
@@ -163,24 +163,13 @@ public:
        return mProtectedMemorySupported;
    }

-    inline bool isImageView2DOn3DImageSupported() const noexcept {
-        return mPortabilitySubsetFeatures.imageView2DOn3DImage == VK_TRUE;
-    }
-
 private:
    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties mMemoryProperties = {};
    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 mPhysicalDeviceProperties = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2,
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2
    };
    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 mPhysicalDeviceFeatures = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2,
-    };
-    VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR mPortabilitySubsetFeatures = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PORTABILITY_SUBSET_FEATURES_KHR,
-        // By default, on platforms where we don't have portability subset, then this feature must
-        // exists.  We only fill this struct only when portability subset is needed (i.e.
-        // non-conformant vulkan implementation).
-        .imageView2DOn3DImage = VK_TRUE,
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2
    };
    bool mDebugMarkersSupported = false;
    bool mDebugUtilsSupported = false;
--- a/filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanTexture.cpp
+++ b/filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanTexture.cpp
@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@ VulkanTexture::VulkanTexture(VkDevice device, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
        uint8_t levels, TextureFormat tformat, uint8_t samples, uint32_t w, uint32_t h,
        uint32_t depth, TextureUsage tusage, VulkanStagePool& stagePool)
    : HwTexture(target, levels, samples, w, h, depth, tformat, tusage),
+
      mState(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanTextureState>::construct(resourceManager, device,
              allocator, commands, stagePool, fvkutils::getVkFormat(tformat),
              fvkutils::getViewType(target), levels, getLayerCount(target, depth),
@@ -198,20 +199,11 @@ VulkanTexture::VulkanTexture(VkDevice device, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
        .tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
        .usage = 0,
    };
-    if (target == SamplerType::SAMPLER_3D && any(tusage & TextureUsage::ALL_ATTACHMENTS)) {
-        if (context.isImageView2DOn3DImageSupported()) {
-            // Note that VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT is only meant to create 2D views of
-            // a 3D image in the case where the image is the render target.  So, for example, it's
-            // not meant to allow for 2D views that can be used with a sampler.
-            imageInfo.flags = VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT;
-        } else {
-            FVK_LOGW << "Note: creating 2D views on 3D image is not available on this platform. "
-                     << "i.e. we cannot render to slices of a 3D image" << utils::io::endl;
-        }
-    } else if (target == SamplerType::SAMPLER_CUBEMAP) {
+    if (target == SamplerType::SAMPLER_CUBEMAP) {
        imageInfo.arrayLayers = 6;
        imageInfo.flags = VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT;
-    } else if (target == SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D_ARRAY) {
+    }
+    if (target == SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D_ARRAY) {
        imageInfo.arrayLayers = depth;
        imageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
        // NOTE: We do not use VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT here because:
--- a/filament/backend/src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatform.cpp
+++ b/filament/backend/src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatform.cpp
@@ -84,13 +84,6 @@ FixedCapacityVector<const char*> getEnabledLayers() {
 }
 #endif // FVK_EANBLED(FVK_DEBUG_VALIDATION)

-template<typename StructA, typename StructB>
-StructA* chainStruct(StructA* structA, StructB* structB) {
-    structB->pNext = const_cast<void*>(structA->pNext);
-    structA->pNext = (void*) structB;
-    return structA;
-}
-
 void printDeviceInfo(VkInstance instance, VkPhysicalDevice device) {
    // Print some driver or MoltenVK information if it is available.
    if (vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2) {
@@ -99,8 +92,8 @@ void printDeviceInfo(VkInstance instance, VkPhysicalDevice device) {
        };
        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 physicalDeviceProperties2 = {
                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2,
+                .pNext = &driverProperties,
        };
-        chainStruct(&physicalDeviceProperties2, &driverProperties);
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(device, &physicalDeviceProperties2);
        FVK_LOGI << "Vulkan device driver: " << driverProperties.driverName << " "
                      << driverProperties.driverInfo << utils::io::endl;
@@ -201,7 +194,7 @@ ExtensionSet getDeviceExtensions(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
 #if FVK_ENABLED(FVK_DEBUG_DEBUG_UTILS)
            VK_EXT_DEBUG_MARKER_EXTENSION_NAME,
 #endif
-    // We only support external image for Android for now, but nothing bars us from
+    // We only support external image for Android for now, but nothing bars us from 
    // supporting other platforms.
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
            VK_KHR_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_EXTENSION_NAME,
@@ -238,9 +231,7 @@ ExtensionSet getDeviceExtensions(VkPhysicalDevice device) {

 VkInstance createInstance(ExtensionSet const& requiredExts) {
    VkInstance instance;
-    VkInstanceCreateInfo instanceCreateInfo = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
-    };
+    VkInstanceCreateInfo instanceCreateInfo = {};
    bool validationFeaturesSupported = false;

 #if FVK_ENABLED(FVK_DEBUG_VALIDATION)
@@ -291,6 +282,7 @@ VkInstance createInstance(ExtensionSet const& requiredExts) {
    appInfo.pEngineName = "Filament";
    appInfo.apiVersion
            = VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, FVK_REQUIRED_VERSION_MAJOR, FVK_REQUIRED_VERSION_MINOR, 0);
+    instanceCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
    instanceCreateInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;
    instanceCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = enabledExtensionCount;
    instanceCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = ppEnabledExtensions;
@@ -298,17 +290,16 @@ VkInstance createInstance(ExtensionSet const& requiredExts) {
        instanceCreateInfo.flags = VK_INSTANCE_CREATE_ENUMERATE_PORTABILITY_BIT_KHR;
    }

-    VkValidationFeaturesEXT features = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_VALIDATION_FEATURES_EXT,
-    };
+    VkValidationFeaturesEXT features = {};
    VkValidationFeatureEnableEXT enables[] = {
-        VK_VALIDATION_FEATURE_ENABLE_BEST_PRACTICES_EXT,
-        VK_VALIDATION_FEATURE_ENABLE_SYNCHRONIZATION_VALIDATION_EXT,
+            VK_VALIDATION_FEATURE_ENABLE_BEST_PRACTICES_EXT,
+            VK_VALIDATION_FEATURE_ENABLE_SYNCHRONIZATION_VALIDATION_EXT,
    };
    if (validationFeaturesSupported) {
+        features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_VALIDATION_FEATURES_EXT;
        features.enabledValidationFeatureCount = sizeof(enables) / sizeof(enables[0]);
        features.pEnabledValidationFeatures = enables;
-        chainStruct(&instanceCreateInfo, &features);
+        instanceCreateInfo.pNext = &features;
    }

    VkResult result = vkCreateInstance(&instanceCreateInfo, VKALLOC, &instance);
@@ -319,13 +310,11 @@ VkInstance createInstance(ExtensionSet const& requiredExts) {

 VkDevice createLogicalDevice(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 const& features, uint32_t graphicsQueueFamilyIndex,
-        uint32_t protectedGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex, ExtensionSet const& deviceExtensions,
-        bool requestImageView2DOn3DImage) {
+        uint32_t protectedGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex, ExtensionSet const& deviceExtensions) {
    VkDevice device;
-    float queuePriority[] = {1.0f};
-    VkDeviceCreateInfo deviceCreateInfo = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
-    };
+    VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo deviceQueueCreateInfo[2] = {};
+    const float queuePriority[] = {1.0f};
+    VkDeviceCreateInfo deviceCreateInfo = {};
    FixedCapacityVector<const char*> requestExtensions;
    requestExtensions.reserve(deviceExtensions.size() + 1);

@@ -334,7 +323,6 @@ VkDevice createLogicalDevice(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
    for (auto const& ext: deviceExtensions) {
        requestExtensions.push_back(ext.data());
    }
-    VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo deviceQueueCreateInfo[2] = {};
    deviceQueueCreateInfo[0].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
    deviceQueueCreateInfo[0].queueFamilyIndex = graphicsQueueFamilyIndex;
    deviceQueueCreateInfo[0].queueCount = 1;
@@ -346,6 +334,7 @@ VkDevice createLogicalDevice(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
    deviceQueueCreateInfo[1].queueCount = 1;
    deviceQueueCreateInfo[1].pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority[0];

+    deviceCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
    bool const hasProtectedQueue = protectedGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex != INVALID_VK_INDEX;
    deviceCreateInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = hasProtectedQueue ? 2 : 1;
    deviceCreateInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = deviceQueueCreateInfo;
@@ -364,35 +353,42 @@ VkDevice createLogicalDevice(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
    deviceCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = (uint32_t) requestExtensions.size();
    deviceCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = requestExtensions.data();

+    void* pNext = nullptr;
    VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR portability = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PORTABILITY_SUBSET_FEATURES_KHR,
-        .imageViewFormatSwizzle = VK_TRUE,
-        .imageView2DOn3DImage = requestImageView2DOn3DImage ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE,        
-        .mutableComparisonSamplers = VK_TRUE,
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PORTABILITY_SUBSET_FEATURES_KHR,
+            .pNext = nullptr,
+            .imageViewFormatSwizzle = VK_TRUE,
+            .mutableComparisonSamplers = VK_TRUE,
    };
    if (setContains(deviceExtensions, VK_KHR_PORTABILITY_SUBSET_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
-        chainStruct(&deviceCreateInfo, &portability);
+        portability.pNext = pNext;
+        pNext = &portability;
    }

    VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeaturesKHR multiview = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MULTIVIEW_FEATURES_KHR,
-        .multiview = VK_TRUE,
-        .multiviewGeometryShader = VK_FALSE,
-        .multiviewTessellationShader = VK_FALSE,
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MULTIVIEW_FEATURES_KHR,
+            .pNext = nullptr,
+            .multiview = VK_TRUE,
+            .multiviewGeometryShader = VK_FALSE,
+            .multiviewTessellationShader = VK_FALSE
    };
    if (setContains(deviceExtensions, VK_KHR_MULTIVIEW_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
-        chainStruct(&deviceCreateInfo, &multiview);
+        multiview.pNext = pNext;
+        pNext = &multiview;
    }

    VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures protectedMemory = {
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_FEATURES,
-        .protectedMemory = VK_TRUE,
    };
    if (hasProtectedQueue) {
        // Enable protected memory, if requested.
-        chainStruct(&deviceCreateInfo, &protectedMemory);
+        protectedMemory.protectedMemory = VK_TRUE;
+        protectedMemory.pNext = pNext;
+        pNext = &protectedMemory;
    }

+    deviceCreateInfo.pNext = pNext;
+
    VkResult result = vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &deviceCreateInfo, VKALLOC, &device);
    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(result == VK_SUCCESS)
            << "vkCreateDevice error=" << static_cast<int32_t>(result);
@@ -505,7 +501,7 @@ VkPhysicalDevice selectPhysicalDevice(VkInstance instance,
        // Does the device have any command queues that support graphics?
        // In theory, we should also ensure that the device supports presentation of our
        // particular VkSurface, but we don't have a VkSurface yet, so we'll skip this requirement.
-        if (identifyGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(candidateDevice, VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT)
+        if (identifyGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(candidateDevice, VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) 
            == INVALID_VK_INDEX) {
            continue;
        }
@@ -725,11 +721,14 @@ Driver* VulkanPlatform::createDriver(void* sharedContext,
    VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures queryProtectedMemoryFeatures = {
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_FEATURES,
    };
+    // Chain to the pNext linked list
+    queryProtectedMemoryFeatures.pNext = context.mPhysicalDeviceFeatures.pNext;
+    context.mPhysicalDeviceFeatures.pNext = &queryProtectedMemoryFeatures;
    VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties protectedMemoryProperties = {
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_PROPERTIES,
    };
-    chainStruct(&context.mPhysicalDeviceFeatures, &queryProtectedMemoryFeatures);
-    chainStruct(&context.mPhysicalDeviceProperties, &protectedMemoryProperties);
+    protectedMemoryProperties.pNext = context.mPhysicalDeviceProperties.pNext;
+    context.mPhysicalDeviceProperties.pNext = &protectedMemoryProperties;

    // Initialize the following fields: physicalDeviceProperties, memoryProperties,
    // physicalDeviceFeatures, graphicsQueueFamilyIndex.
@@ -739,17 +738,17 @@ Driver* VulkanPlatform::createDriver(void* sharedContext,

    mImpl->mGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex
            = mImpl->mGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex == INVALID_VK_INDEX
-                      ? identifyGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(mImpl->mPhysicalDevice,
+                      ? identifyGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(mImpl->mPhysicalDevice, 
                          VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT)
                      : mImpl->mGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex;
    assert_invariant(mImpl->mGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex != INVALID_VK_INDEX);

    // We know we need to allocate the protected version of the VK objects
-    context.mProtectedMemorySupported =
+    context.mProtectedMemorySupported = 
        static_cast<bool>(queryProtectedMemoryFeatures.protectedMemory);
    if (context.mProtectedMemorySupported) {
        mImpl->mProtectedGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex
-            = identifyGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(mImpl->mPhysicalDevice,
+            = identifyGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(mImpl->mPhysicalDevice, 
                (VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT | VK_QUEUE_PROTECTED_BIT));
        assert_invariant(mImpl->mProtectedGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex != INVALID_VK_INDEX);
    }
@@ -769,7 +768,7 @@ Driver* VulkanPlatform::createDriver(void* sharedContext,

    // Applying the same logic to the protected queue index (Not sure about shared context and protection)
    mImpl->mProtectedGraphicsQueueIndex
-        = mImpl->mProtectedGraphicsQueueIndex == INVALID_VK_INDEX ? 0 :
+        = mImpl->mProtectedGraphicsQueueIndex == INVALID_VK_INDEX ? 0 : 
        mImpl->mProtectedGraphicsQueueIndex;

    ExtensionSet deviceExts;
@@ -786,23 +785,11 @@ Driver* VulkanPlatform::createDriver(void* sharedContext,
        }
    }

-    bool requestPortabilitySubsetImageView2DOn3DImage = false;
-    if (setContains(deviceExts, VK_KHR_PORTABILITY_SUBSET_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
-        // We are on a non-conformant vulkan implementation so we need to ascertain if the features
-        // we need are available.
-        chainStruct(&context.mPhysicalDeviceFeatures, &context.mPortabilitySubsetFeatures);
-        vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(mImpl->mPhysicalDevice, &context.mPhysicalDeviceFeatures);
-        requestPortabilitySubsetImageView2DOn3DImage =
-                context.mPortabilitySubsetFeatures.imageView2DOn3DImage == VK_TRUE;
-    }
-
-    mImpl->mDevice =
-            mImpl->mDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE
-                    ? createLogicalDevice(mImpl->mPhysicalDevice, context.mPhysicalDeviceFeatures,
-                              mImpl->mGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex,
-                              mImpl->mProtectedGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex, deviceExts,
-                              requestPortabilitySubsetImageView2DOn3DImage)
-                    : mImpl->mDevice;
+    mImpl->mDevice
+            = mImpl->mDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE ? createLogicalDevice(mImpl->mPhysicalDevice,
+                      context.mPhysicalDeviceFeatures, mImpl->mGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex, 
+                      mImpl->mProtectedGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex, deviceExts)
+                                               : mImpl->mDevice;
    assert_invariant(mImpl->mDevice != VK_NULL_HANDLE);

    vkGetDeviceQueue(mImpl->mDevice, mImpl->mGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex, mImpl->mGraphicsQueueIndex,
--- a/filament/include/filament/Engine.h
+++ b/filament/include/filament/Engine.h
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_ENGINE_H
 #define TNT_FILAMENT_ENGINE_H

-
 #include <filament/FilamentAPI.h>

 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
@@ -33,7 +32,6 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stddef.h>

-
 namespace utils {
 class Entity;
 class EntityManager;
@@ -42,10 +40,6 @@ class JobSystem;

 namespace filament {

-namespace backend {
-class Driver;
-} // backend
-
 class BufferObject;
 class Camera;
 class ColorGrading;
@@ -189,7 +183,6 @@ public:
    using DriverConfig = backend::Platform::DriverConfig;
    using FeatureLevel = backend::FeatureLevel;
    using StereoscopicType = backend::StereoscopicType;
-    using Driver = backend::Driver;

    /**
     * Config is used to define the memory footprint used by the engine, such as the
@@ -589,11 +582,6 @@ public:
    static Engine* UTILS_NULLABLE getEngine(void* UTILS_NONNULL token);
 #endif

-    /**
-     * @return the Driver instance used by this Engine.
-     * @see OpenGLPlatform
-     */
-    backend::Driver const* UTILS_NONNULL getDriver() const noexcept;

    /**
     * Destroy the Engine instance and all associated resources.
--- a/filament/include/filament/MaterialInstance.h
+++ b/filament/include/filament/MaterialInstance.h
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public:

    /** inline helper to provide the name as a null-terminated string literal */
    template<typename T, typename = is_supported_parameter_t<T>>
-    void setParameter(StringLiteral const name, T const& value) {
+    void setParameter(StringLiteral name, T const& value) {
        setParameter<T>(name.data, name.size, value);
    }

@@ -148,14 +148,14 @@ public:

    /** inline helper to provide the name as a null-terminated string literal */
    template<typename T, typename = is_supported_parameter_t<T>>
-    void setParameter(StringLiteral const name, const T* UTILS_NONNULL values, size_t const count) {
+    void setParameter(StringLiteral name, const T* UTILS_NONNULL values, size_t count) {
        setParameter<T>(name.data, name.size, values, count);
    }

    /** inline helper to provide the name as a null-terminated C string */
    template<typename T, typename = is_supported_parameter_t<T>>
    void setParameter(const char* UTILS_NONNULL name,
-                      const T* UTILS_NONNULL values, size_t const count) {
+                      const T* UTILS_NONNULL values, size_t count) {
        setParameter<T>(name, strlen(name), values, count);
    }

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ public:
            Texture const* UTILS_NULLABLE texture, TextureSampler const& sampler);

    /** inline helper to provide the name as a null-terminated string literal */
-    void setParameter(StringLiteral const name,
+    void setParameter(StringLiteral name,
                      Texture const* UTILS_NULLABLE texture, TextureSampler const& sampler) {
        setParameter(name.data, name.size, texture, sampler);
    }
@@ -202,12 +202,12 @@ public:
            RgbType type, math::float3 color);

    /** inline helper to provide the name as a null-terminated string literal */
-    void setParameter(StringLiteral const name, RgbType const type, math::float3 const color) {
+    void setParameter(StringLiteral name, RgbType type, math::float3 color) {
        setParameter(name.data, name.size, type, color);
    }

    /** inline helper to provide the name as a null-terminated C string */
-    void setParameter(const char* UTILS_NONNULL name, RgbType const type, math::float3 const color) {
+    void setParameter(const char* UTILS_NONNULL name, RgbType type, math::float3 color) {
        setParameter(name, strlen(name), type, color);
    }

@@ -226,12 +226,12 @@ public:
            RgbaType type, math::float4 color);

    /** inline helper to provide the name as a null-terminated string literal */
-    void setParameter(StringLiteral const name, RgbaType const type, math::float4 const color) {
+    void setParameter(StringLiteral name, RgbaType type, math::float4 color) {
        setParameter(name.data, name.size, type, color);
    }

    /** inline helper to provide the name as a null-terminated C string */
-    void setParameter(const char* UTILS_NONNULL name, RgbaType const type, math::float4 const color) {
+    void setParameter(const char* UTILS_NONNULL name, RgbaType type, math::float4 color) {
        setParameter(name, strlen(name), type, color);
    }

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ public:

    /** inline helper to provide the name as a null-terminated C string */
    template<typename T, typename = is_supported_parameter_t<T>>
-    T getParameter(StringLiteral const name) const {
+    T getParameter(StringLiteral name) const {
        return getParameter<T>(name.data, name.size);
    }

@@ -376,22 +376,11 @@ public:
     */
    void setCullingMode(CullingMode culling) noexcept;

-    /**
-     * Overrides the default triangle culling state that was set on the material separately for the
-     * color and shadow passes
-     */
-    void setCullingMode(CullingMode colorPassCullingMode, CullingMode shadowPassCullingMode) noexcept;
-
    /**
     * Returns the face culling mode.
     */
    CullingMode getCullingMode() const noexcept;

-    /**
-     * Returns the face culling mode for the shadow passes.
-     */
-    CullingMode getShadowCullingMode() const noexcept;
-
    /**
     * Overrides the default color-buffer write state that was set on the material.
     */
--- a/filament/include/filament/Scene.h
+++ b/filament/include/filament/Scene.h
@@ -141,11 +141,6 @@ public:
     */
    void removeEntities(const utils::Entity* UTILS_NONNULL entities, size_t count);

-    /**
-     * Remove all entities to the Scene.
-     */
-    void removeAllEntities() noexcept;
-
    /**
     * Returns the total number of Entities in the Scene, whether alive or not.
     * @return Total number of Entities in the Scene.
--- a/filament/src/Engine.cpp
+++ b/filament/src/Engine.cpp
@@ -68,10 +68,6 @@ Engine* Engine::getEngine(void* token) {
 }
 #endif

-Driver const* Engine::getDriver() const noexcept {
-    return std::addressof(downcast(this)->getDriver());
-}
-
 void Engine::destroy(Engine** pEngine) {
    if (pEngine) {
        Engine* engine = *pEngine;
--- a/filament/src/MaterialInstance.cpp
+++ b/filament/src/MaterialInstance.cpp
@@ -17,26 +17,6 @@
 #include <filament/MaterialInstance.h>

 #include "details/Material.h"
-#include "details/MaterialInstance.h"
-
-#include <filament/Color.h>
-#include <filament/MaterialEnums.h>
-
-#include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
-
-#include <utils/compiler.h>
-#include <utils/debug.h>
-
-#include <math/vec2.h>
-#include <math/vec3.h>
-#include <math/vec4.h>
-#include <math/mat3.h>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <string_view>
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>

 namespace filament {

@@ -105,7 +85,7 @@ void MaterialInstance::setParameter(const char* name, size_t nameLength, T const
 template<>
 UTILS_PUBLIC void MaterialInstance::setParameter(const char* name, size_t const nameLength, bool const& v) {
    // this kills tail-call optimization
-    setParameter(name, nameLength, uint32_t(v));
+    setParameter(name, nameLength, (uint32_t)v);
 }

 template<>
@@ -145,8 +125,8 @@ template UTILS_PUBLIC void MaterialInstance::setParameter<mat4f>   (const char*
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 template <typename T, typename>
-void MaterialInstance::setParameter(const char* name, size_t nameLength, const T* values, size_t count) {
-    downcast(this)->setParameterImpl({ name, nameLength }, values, count);
+void MaterialInstance::setParameter(const char* name, size_t nameLength, const T* value, size_t count) {
+    downcast(this)->setParameterImpl({ name, nameLength }, value, count);
 }

 template<>
@@ -292,11 +272,6 @@ void MaterialInstance::setCullingMode(CullingMode const culling) noexcept {
    downcast(this)->setCullingMode(culling);
 }

-void MaterialInstance::setCullingMode(CullingMode const colorPassCullingMode,
-    CullingMode const shadowPassCullingMode) noexcept {
-    downcast(this)->setCullingMode(colorPassCullingMode, shadowPassCullingMode);
-}
-
 void MaterialInstance::setColorWrite(bool const enable) noexcept {
    downcast(this)->setColorWrite(enable);
 }
@@ -378,10 +353,6 @@ CullingMode MaterialInstance::getCullingMode() const noexcept {
    return downcast(this)->getCullingMode();
 }

-CullingMode MaterialInstance::getShadowCullingMode() const noexcept {
-    return downcast(this)->getShadowCullingMode();
-}
-
 bool MaterialInstance::isColorWriteEnabled() const noexcept {
    return downcast(this)->isColorWriteEnabled();
 }
--- a/filament/src/RenderPass.cpp
+++ b/filament/src/RenderPass.cpp
@@ -807,13 +807,7 @@ RenderPass::Command* RenderPass::generateCommandsImpl(CommandTypeFlags extraFlag
                    cmd.key &= ~Z_BUCKET_MASK;
                    cmd.key |= makeField(distanceBits >> 22u, Z_BUCKET_MASK, Z_BUCKET_SHIFT);
                }
-
-                *curr = cmd;
-                // cancel command if both front and back faces are culled
-                curr->key |= select(mi->getCullingMode() == CullingMode::FRONT_AND_BACK);
-
            } else if constexpr (isDepthPass) {
-                const CullingMode cullingMode = hasShadowing ? mi->getShadowCullingMode() : mi->getCullingMode();
                const RasterState rs = ma->getRasterState();
                const TransparencyMode mode = mi->getTransparencyMode();
                const BlendingMode blendingMode = ma->getBlendingMode();
@@ -822,7 +816,7 @@ RenderPass::Command* RenderPass::generateCommandsImpl(CommandTypeFlags extraFlag
                const bool isPickingVariant = Variant::isPickingVariant(variant);

                cmd.key |= mi->getSortingKey(); // already all set-up for direct or'ing
-                cmd.info.rasterState.culling = cullingMode;
+                cmd.info.rasterState.culling = mi->getCullingMode();

                // FIXME: should writeDepthForShadowCasters take precedence over mi->getDepthWrite()?
                cmd.info.rasterState.depthWrite = (1 // only keep bit 0
@@ -831,12 +825,11 @@ RenderPass::Command* RenderPass::generateCommandsImpl(CommandTypeFlags extraFlag
                                                   & !(filterTranslucentObjects & translucent)
                                                   & !(depthFilterAlphaMaskedObjects & rs.alphaToCoverage))
                                                  | writeDepthForShadowCasters;
-
-                *curr = cmd;
-                // cancel command if both front and back faces are culled
-                curr->key |= select(cullingMode == CullingMode::FRONT_AND_BACK);
            }

+            *curr = cmd;
+            // cancel command if both front and back faces are culled
+            curr->key |= select(mi->getCullingMode() == CullingMode::FRONT_AND_BACK);
            ++curr;
        }
    }
--- a/filament/src/Scene.cpp
+++ b/filament/src/Scene.cpp
@@ -55,10 +55,6 @@ void Scene::removeEntities(const Entity* entities, size_t const count) {
    downcast(this)->removeEntities(entities, count);
 }

-void Scene::removeAllEntities() noexcept {
-    downcast(this)->removeAllEntities();
-}
-
 size_t Scene::getEntityCount() const noexcept {
    return downcast(this)->getEntityCount();
 }
--- a/filament/src/details/Engine.cpp
+++ b/filament/src/details/Engine.cpp
@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@
 #include "details/Fence.h"
 #include "details/IndexBuffer.h"
 #include "details/IndirectLight.h"
-#include "details/InstanceBuffer.h"
 #include "details/Material.h"
-#include "details/MorphTargetBuffer.h"
 #include "details/Renderer.h"
 #include "details/Scene.h"
 #include "details/SkinningBuffer.h"
@@ -38,39 +36,28 @@
 #include "details/VertexBuffer.h"
 #include "details/View.h"

-#include <filament/ColorGrading.h>
 #include <filament/Engine.h>
 #include <filament/MaterialEnums.h>

 #include <private/filament/DescriptorSets.h>
 #include <private/filament/EngineEnums.h>
-#include <private/filament/Variant.h>

 #include <private/backend/PlatformFactory.h>

 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>

-#include <utils/Allocator.h>
-#include <utils/CallStack.h>
 #include <utils/compiler.h>
 #include <utils/debug.h>
 #include <utils/Invocable.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
-#include <utils/ostream.h>
 #include <utils/Panic.h>
 #include <utils/PrivateImplementation-impl.h>
 #include <utils/Systrace.h>
 #include <utils/ThreadUtils.h>

-#include <math/vec3.h>
-#include <math/vec4.h>
-
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <chrono>
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <memory>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <new>
 #include <optional>
 #include <thread>
 #include <string_view>
@@ -79,7 +66,6 @@

 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>

 #include "generated/resources/materials.h"
@@ -115,7 +101,7 @@ Engine* FEngine::create(Builder const& builder) {

    // Normally we launch a thread and create the context and Driver from there (see FEngine::loop).
    // In the single-threaded case, we do so in the here and now.
-    if constexpr (!UTILS_HAS_THREADING) {
+    if (!UTILS_HAS_THREADING) {
        Platform* platform = builder->mPlatform;
        void* const sharedContext = builder->mSharedContext;

@@ -158,7 +144,7 @@ Engine* FEngine::create(Builder const& builder) {
    // now we can initialize the largest part of the engine
    instance->init();

-    if constexpr (!UTILS_HAS_THREADING) {
+    if (!UTILS_HAS_THREADING) {
        instance->execute();
    }

@@ -177,7 +163,7 @@ void FEngine::create(Builder const& builder, Invocable<void(void*)>&& callback)
    instance->mDriverThread = std::thread(&FEngine::loop, instance);

    // launch a thread to call the callback -- so it can't do any damage.
-    std::thread callbackThread = std::thread([instance, callback = std::move(callback)] {
+    std::thread callbackThread = std::thread([instance, callback = std::move(callback)]() {
        instance->mDriverBarrier.await();
        callback(instance);
    });
@@ -210,7 +196,7 @@ FEngine* FEngine::getEngine(void* token) {

 #endif

-// These must be static because only a pointer is copied to the render stream
+// these must be static because only a pointer is copied to the render stream
 // Note that these coordinates are specified in OpenGL clip space. Other backends can transform
 // these in the vertex shader as needed.
 static constexpr float4 sFullScreenTriangleVertices[3] = {
@@ -220,7 +206,7 @@ static constexpr float4 sFullScreenTriangleVertices[3] = {
 };

 // these must be static because only a pointer is copied to the render stream
-static constexpr uint16_t sFullScreenTriangleIndices[3] = { 0, 1, 2 };
+static const uint16_t sFullScreenTriangleIndices[3] = { 0, 1, 2 };

 FEngine::FEngine(Builder const& builder) :
        mBackend(builder->mBackend),
@@ -230,6 +216,7 @@ FEngine::FEngine(Builder const& builder) :
        mPostProcessManager(*this),
        mEntityManager(EntityManager::get()),
        mRenderableManager(*this),
+        mTransformManager(),
        mLightManager(*this),
        mCameraManager(*this),
        mCommandBufferQueue(
@@ -287,7 +274,7 @@ uint32_t FEngine::getJobSystemThreadPoolSize(Config const& config) noexcept {
    }

    // 1 thread for the user, 1 thread for the backend
-    int threadCount = int(std::thread::hardware_concurrency()) - 2;
+    int threadCount = (int)std::thread::hardware_concurrency() - 2;
    // make sure we have at least 1 thread though
    threadCount = std::max(1, threadCount);
    return threadCount;
@@ -360,8 +347,8 @@ void FEngine::init() {
    }

    // initialize the dummy textures so that their contents are not undefined
-    static constexpr uint32_t zeroes[6] = {};
-    static constexpr uint32_t ones = 0xffffffff;
+    static const uint32_t zeroes[6] = {0};
+    static const uint32_t ones = 0xffffffff;

    mDefaultIblTexture = downcast(Texture::Builder()
            .width(1).height(1).levels(1)
@@ -373,7 +360,7 @@ void FEngine::init() {
            { zeroes, sizeof(zeroes), Texture::Format::RGBA, Texture::Type::UBYTE });

    // 3 bands = 9 float3
-    constexpr float sh[9 * 3] = { 0.0f };
+    const float sh[9 * 3] = { 0.0f };
    mDefaultIbl = downcast(IndirectLight::Builder()
            .irradiance(3, reinterpret_cast<const float3*>(sh))
            .build(*this));
@@ -440,10 +427,10 @@ void FEngine::init() {
 #endif
                break;
        }
-        mDefaultMaterial = downcast(defaultMaterialBuilder.build(*this));
+        mDefaultMaterial = downcast(defaultMaterialBuilder.build(*const_cast<FEngine*>(this)));

-        constexpr float3 dummyPositions[1] = {};
-        constexpr short4 dummyTangents[1] = {};
+        float3 dummyPositions[1] = {};
+        short4 dummyTangents[1] = {};
        mDummyMorphTargetBuffer->setPositionsAt(*this, 0, dummyPositions, 1, 0);
        mDummyMorphTargetBuffer->setTangentsAt(*this, 0, dummyTangents, 1, 0);

@@ -466,7 +453,7 @@ void FEngine::init() {
    mPostProcessManager.init();

    mDebugRegistry.registerProperty("d.shadowmap.debug_directional_shadowmap",
-            &debug.shadowmap.debug_directional_shadowmap, [this] {
+            &debug.shadowmap.debug_directional_shadowmap, [this]() {
                mMaterials.forEach([this](FMaterial* material) {
                    if (material->getMaterialDomain() == MaterialDomain::SURFACE) {

@@ -482,7 +469,7 @@ void FEngine::init() {
            });

    mDebugRegistry.registerProperty("d.lighting.debug_froxel_visualization",
-            &debug.lighting.debug_froxel_visualization, [this] {
+            &debug.lighting.debug_froxel_visualization, [this]() {
                mMaterials.forEach([this](FMaterial* material) {
                    if (material->getMaterialDomain() == MaterialDomain::SURFACE) {

@@ -620,7 +607,7 @@ void FEngine::shutdown() {

    // now wait for all pending commands to be executed and the thread to exit
    mCommandBufferQueue.requestExit();
-    if constexpr (!UTILS_HAS_THREADING) {
+    if (!UTILS_HAS_THREADING) {
        execute();
        getDriverApi().terminate();
    } else {
@@ -651,13 +638,13 @@ void FEngine::prepare() {
    DriverApi& driver = getDriverApi();

    for (auto& materialInstanceList: mMaterialInstances) {
-        materialInstanceList.second.forEach([&driver](FMaterialInstance const* item) {
+        materialInstanceList.second.forEach([&driver](FMaterialInstance* item) {
            item->commit(driver);
        });
    }

    mMaterials.forEach([](FMaterial* material) {
-#if FILAMENT_ENABLE_MATDBG // NOLINT(*-include-cleaner)
+#if FILAMENT_ENABLE_MATDBG
        material->checkProgramEdits();
 #endif
    });
@@ -681,7 +668,7 @@ void FEngine::flushAndWait() {
    flushAndWait(FENCE_WAIT_FOR_EVER);
 }

-bool FEngine::flushAndWait(uint64_t const timeout) {
+bool FEngine::flushAndWait(uint64_t timeout) {
    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(!mCommandBufferQueue.isPaused())
            << "Cannot call Engine::flushAndWait() when rendering thread is paused!";

@@ -762,7 +749,7 @@ int FEngine::loop() {
    }
 #endif

-#if FILAMENT_ENABLE_FGVIEWER // NOLINT(*-include-cleaner)
+#if FILAMENT_ENABLE_FGVIEWER
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
    const char* fgviewerPortString = "8085";
 #else
@@ -792,9 +779,9 @@ int FEngine::loop() {
    return 0;
 }

-void FEngine::flushCommandBuffer(CommandBufferQueue& commandBufferQueue) const {
+void FEngine::flushCommandBuffer(CommandBufferQueue& commandQueue) {
    getDriver().purge();
-    commandBufferQueue.flush();
+    commandQueue.flush();
 }

 const FMaterial* FEngine::getSkyboxMaterial() const noexcept {
@@ -815,7 +802,7 @@ const FMaterial* FEngine::getSkyboxMaterial() const noexcept {
 */

 template<typename T, typename ... ARGS>
-T* FEngine::create(ResourceList<T>& list,
+inline T* FEngine::create(ResourceList<T>& list,
        typename T::Builder const& builder, ARGS&& ... args) noexcept {
    T* p = mHeapAllocator.make<T>(*this, builder, std::forward<ARGS>(args)...);
    if (UTILS_LIKELY(p)) {
@@ -893,7 +880,7 @@ FMaterialInstance* FEngine::createMaterialInstance(const FMaterial* material,
        const FMaterialInstance* other, const char* name) noexcept {
    FMaterialInstance* p = mHeapAllocator.make<FMaterialInstance>(*this, other, name);
    if (UTILS_LIKELY(p)) {
-        auto const pos = mMaterialInstances.emplace(material, "MaterialInstance");
+        auto pos = mMaterialInstances.emplace(material, "MaterialInstance");
        pos.first->second.insert(p);
    }
    return p;
@@ -971,7 +958,7 @@ FCamera* FEngine::createCamera(Entity const entity) noexcept {
 }

 FCamera* FEngine::getCameraComponent(Entity const entity) noexcept {
-    auto const ci = mCameraManager.getInstance(entity);
+    auto ci = mCameraManager.getInstance(entity);
    return ci ? mCameraManager.getCamera(ci) : nullptr;
 }

@@ -1024,16 +1011,16 @@ void FEngine::cleanupResourceListLocked(Lock& lock, ResourceList<T>&& list) {

 template<typename T>
 UTILS_ALWAYS_INLINE
-bool FEngine::isValid(const T* ptr, ResourceList<T> const& list) const {
+inline bool FEngine::isValid(const T* ptr, ResourceList<T> const& list) const {
    auto& l = const_cast<ResourceList<T>&>(list);
    return l.find(ptr) != l.end();
 }

 template<typename T>
 UTILS_ALWAYS_INLINE
-bool FEngine::terminateAndDestroy(const T* p, ResourceList<T>& list) {
-    if (p == nullptr) return true;
-    bool const success = list.remove(p);
+inline bool FEngine::terminateAndDestroy(const T* ptr, ResourceList<T>& list) {
+    if (ptr == nullptr) return true;
+    bool const success = list.remove(ptr);

 #if UTILS_HAS_RTTI
    auto typeName = CallStack::typeName<T>();
@@ -1043,19 +1030,19 @@ bool FEngine::terminateAndDestroy(const T* p, ResourceList<T>& list) {
 #endif

    if (ASSERT_PRECONDITION_NON_FATAL(success,
-            "Object %s at %p doesn't exist (double free?)", typeNameCStr, p)) {
-        const_cast<T*>(p)->terminate(*this);
-        mHeapAllocator.destroy(const_cast<T*>(p));
+            "Object %s at %p doesn't exist (double free?)", typeNameCStr, ptr)) {
+        const_cast<T*>(ptr)->terminate(*this);
+        mHeapAllocator.destroy(const_cast<T*>(ptr));
    }
    return success;
 }

 template<typename T, typename Lock>
 UTILS_ALWAYS_INLINE
-bool FEngine::terminateAndDestroyLocked(Lock& lock, const T* p, ResourceList<T>& list) {
-    if (p == nullptr) return true;
+inline bool FEngine::terminateAndDestroyLocked(Lock& lock, const T* ptr, ResourceList<T>& list) {
+    if (ptr == nullptr) return true;
    lock.lock();
-    bool const success = list.remove(p);
+    bool const success = list.remove(ptr);
    lock.unlock();

 #if UTILS_HAS_RTTI
@@ -1066,9 +1053,9 @@ bool FEngine::terminateAndDestroyLocked(Lock& lock, const T* p, ResourceList<T>&
 #endif

    if (ASSERT_PRECONDITION_NON_FATAL(success,
-            "Object %s at %p doesn't exist (double free?)", typeNameCStr, p)) {
-        const_cast<T*>(p)->terminate(*this);
-        mHeapAllocator.destroy(const_cast<T*>(p));
+            "Object %s at %p doesn't exist (double free?)", typeNameCStr, ptr)) {
+        const_cast<T*>(ptr)->terminate(*this);
+        mHeapAllocator.destroy(const_cast<T*>(ptr));
    }
    return success;
 }
@@ -1161,11 +1148,11 @@ bool FEngine::destroy(const FInstanceBuffer* p){
 }

 UTILS_NOINLINE
-bool FEngine::destroy(const FMaterial* p) {
-    if (p == nullptr) return true;
-    bool const success = terminateAndDestroy(p, mMaterials);
+bool FEngine::destroy(const FMaterial* ptr) {
+    if (ptr == nullptr) return true;
+    bool const success = terminateAndDestroy(ptr, mMaterials);
    if (UTILS_LIKELY(success)) {
-        auto const pos = mMaterialInstances.find(p);
+        auto pos = mMaterialInstances.find(ptr);
        if (UTILS_LIKELY(pos != mMaterialInstances.cend())) {
            mMaterialInstances.erase(pos);
        }
@@ -1174,8 +1161,8 @@ bool FEngine::destroy(const FMaterial* p) {
 }

 UTILS_NOINLINE
-bool FEngine::destroy(const FMaterialInstance* p) {
-    if (p == nullptr) return true;
+bool FEngine::destroy(const FMaterialInstance* ptr) {
+    if (ptr == nullptr) return true;

    // Check that the material instance we're destroying is not in use in the RenderableManager
    // To do this, we currently need to inspect all render primitives in the RenderableManager
@@ -1191,13 +1178,13 @@ bool FEngine::destroy(const FMaterialInstance* p) {
            for (size_t j = 0; j < primitiveCount; j++) {
                auto const* const mi = rcm.getMaterialInstanceAt(ri, 0, j);
                if (features.engine.debug.assert_material_instance_in_use) {
-                    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(mi != p)
+                    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(mi != ptr)
                            << "destroying MaterialInstance \""
                            << mi->getName() << "\" which is still in use by Renderable (entity="
                            << entity.getId() << ", instance="
                            << ri.asValue() << ", index=" << j << ")";
                } else {
-                    if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(mi == p)) {
+                    if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(mi == ptr)) {
                        slog.e  << "destroying MaterialInstance \""
                                << mi->getName() << "\" which is still in use by Renderable (entity="
                                << entity.getId() << ", instance="
@@ -1209,11 +1196,11 @@ bool FEngine::destroy(const FMaterialInstance* p) {
        }
    }

-    if (p->isDefaultInstance()) return false;
-    auto const pos = mMaterialInstances.find(p->getMaterial());
+    if (ptr->isDefaultInstance()) return false;
+    auto pos = mMaterialInstances.find(ptr->getMaterial());
    assert_invariant(pos != mMaterialInstances.cend());
    if (pos != mMaterialInstances.cend()) {
-        return terminateAndDestroy(p, pos->second);
+        return terminateAndDestroy(ptr, pos->second);
    }
    // this shouldn't happen, this would be double-free
    return false;
@@ -1266,7 +1253,7 @@ bool FEngine::isValid(const FMaterial* m, const FMaterialInstance* p) const {
    }

    // then find the material instance list for that material
-    auto const it = mMaterialInstances.find(m);
+    auto it = mMaterialInstances.find(m);
    if (it == mMaterialInstances.end()) {
        // this could happen if this material has no material instances at all
        return false;
@@ -1355,7 +1342,7 @@ void* FEngine::streamAlloc(size_t const size, size_t const alignment) noexcept {

 bool FEngine::execute() {
    // wait until we get command buffers to be executed (or thread exit requested)
-    auto const buffers = mCommandBufferQueue.waitForCommands();
+    auto buffers = mCommandBufferQueue.waitForCommands();
    if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(buffers.empty())) {
        return false;
    }
@@ -1394,7 +1381,7 @@ Engine::FeatureLevel FEngine::getSupportedFeatureLevel() const noexcept {

 Engine::FeatureLevel FEngine::setActiveFeatureLevel(FeatureLevel featureLevel) {
    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(featureLevel <= getSupportedFeatureLevel())
-            << "Feature level " << unsigned(featureLevel) << " not supported";
+            << "Feature level " << (unsigned)featureLevel << " not supported";
    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(mActiveFeatureLevel >= FeatureLevel::FEATURE_LEVEL_1)
            << "Cannot adjust feature level beyond 0 at runtime";
    return (mActiveFeatureLevel = std::max(mActiveFeatureLevel, featureLevel));
@@ -1413,7 +1400,7 @@ void FEngine::unprotected() noexcept {
    mUnprotectedDummySwapchain->makeCurrent(getDriverApi());
 }

-bool FEngine::setFeatureFlag(char const* name, bool const value) const noexcept {
+bool FEngine::setFeatureFlag(char const* name, bool const value) noexcept {
    auto* const p = getFeatureFlagPtr(name);
    if (p) {
        *p = value;
@@ -1484,7 +1471,7 @@ Engine::Builder& Engine::Builder::feature(char const* name, bool const value) no
 }

 Engine::Builder& Engine::Builder::features(std::initializer_list<char const *> const list) noexcept {
-    for (auto const name : list) {
+    for (auto name : list) {
        if (name) {
            feature(name, true);
        }
@@ -1513,15 +1500,15 @@ Engine::Config Engine::BuilderDetails::validateConfig(Config config) noexcept {
    // Use at least the defaults set by the build system
    config.minCommandBufferSizeMB = std::max(
            config.minCommandBufferSizeMB,
-            uint32_t(FILAMENT_MIN_COMMAND_BUFFERS_SIZE_IN_MB)); // NOLINT(*-include-cleaner)
+            (uint32_t)FILAMENT_MIN_COMMAND_BUFFERS_SIZE_IN_MB);

    config.perFrameCommandsSizeMB = std::max(
            config.perFrameCommandsSizeMB,
-            uint32_t(FILAMENT_PER_FRAME_COMMANDS_SIZE_IN_MB)); // NOLINT(*-include-cleaner)
+            (uint32_t)FILAMENT_PER_FRAME_COMMANDS_SIZE_IN_MB);

    config.perRenderPassArenaSizeMB = std::max(
            config.perRenderPassArenaSizeMB,
-            uint32_t(FILAMENT_PER_RENDER_PASS_ARENA_SIZE_IN_MB)); // NOLINT(*-include-cleaner)
+            (uint32_t)FILAMENT_PER_RENDER_PASS_ARENA_SIZE_IN_MB);

    config.commandBufferSizeMB = std::max(
            config.commandBufferSizeMB,
--- a/filament/src/details/Engine.h
+++ b/filament/src/details/Engine.h
@@ -61,8 +61,6 @@
 #include <filament/Texture.h>
 #include <filament/VertexBuffer.h>

-#include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
-
 #include <utils/Allocator.h>
 #include <utils/compiler.h>
 #include <utils/CountDownLatch.h>
@@ -124,11 +122,12 @@ class ResourceAllocator;
 */
 class FEngine : public Engine {
 public:
-    void* operator new(std::size_t const size) noexcept {
+
+    inline void* operator new(std::size_t const size) noexcept {
        return utils::aligned_alloc(size, alignof(FEngine));
    }

-    void operator delete(void* p) noexcept {
+    inline void operator delete(void* p) noexcept {
        utils::aligned_free(p);
    }

@@ -491,7 +490,7 @@ public:
    backend::Handle<backend::HwTexture> getOneTextureArray() const { return mDummyOneTextureArray; }
    backend::Handle<backend::HwTexture> getZeroTextureArray() const { return mDummyZeroTextureArray; }

-    static constexpr size_t MiB = 1024u * 1024u;
+    static constexpr const size_t MiB = 1024u * 1024u;
    size_t getMinCommandBufferSize() const noexcept { return mConfig.minCommandBufferSizeMB * MiB; }
    size_t getCommandBufferSize() const noexcept { return mConfig.commandBufferSizeMB * MiB; }
    size_t getPerFrameCommandsSize() const noexcept { return mConfig.perFrameCommandsSizeMB * MiB; }
@@ -511,15 +510,15 @@ public:
    void resetBackendState() noexcept;
 #endif

-    backend::Driver& getDriver() const noexcept { return *mDriver; }
-
 private:
    explicit FEngine(Builder const& builder);
    void init();
    void shutdown();

    int loop();
-    void flushCommandBuffer(backend::CommandBufferQueue& commandBufferQueue) const;
+    void flushCommandBuffer(backend::CommandBufferQueue& commandBufferQueue);
+
+    backend::Driver& getDriver() const noexcept { return *mDriver; }

    template<typename T>
    bool isValid(const T* ptr, ResourceList<T> const& list) const;
@@ -730,7 +729,7 @@ public:
        return { mFeatures.data(), mFeatures.size() };
    }

-    bool setFeatureFlag(char const* name, bool value) const noexcept;
+    bool setFeatureFlag(char const* name, bool value) noexcept;
    std::optional<bool> getFeatureFlag(char const* name) const noexcept;
    bool* getFeatureFlagPtr(std::string_view name, bool allowConstant = false) const noexcept;
 };
--- a/filament/src/details/MaterialInstance.cpp
+++ b/filament/src/details/MaterialInstance.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ FMaterialInstance::FMaterialInstance(FEngine& engine, FMaterial const* material,
        : mMaterial(material),
          mDescriptorSet(material->getDescriptorSetLayout()),
          mCulling(CullingMode::BACK),
-          mShadowCulling(CullingMode::BACK),
          mDepthFunc(RasterState::DepthFunc::LE),
          mColorWrite(false),
          mDepthWrite(false),
@@ -93,7 +92,6 @@ FMaterialInstance::FMaterialInstance(FEngine& engine, FMaterial const* material,
    // We inherit the resolved culling mode rather than the builder-set culling mode.
    // This preserves the property whereby double-sidedness automatically disables culling.
    mCulling = rasterState.culling;
-    mShadowCulling = rasterState.culling;
    mColorWrite = rasterState.colorWrite;
    mDepthWrite = rasterState.depthWrite;
    mDepthFunc = rasterState.depthFunc;
@@ -128,7 +126,6 @@ FMaterialInstance::FMaterialInstance(FEngine& engine,
          mSpecularAntiAliasingVariance(other->mSpecularAntiAliasingVariance),
          mSpecularAntiAliasingThreshold(other->mSpecularAntiAliasingThreshold),
          mCulling(other->mCulling),
-          mShadowCulling(other->mShadowCulling),
          mDepthFunc(other->mDepthFunc),
          mColorWrite(other->mColorWrite),
          mDepthWrite(other->mDepthWrite),
@@ -199,10 +196,10 @@ void FMaterialInstance::commit(DriverApi& driver) const {
        for (auto const& [binding, p]: mTextureParameters) {
            assert_invariant(p.texture);
            // TODO: figure out a way to do this more efficiently (isValid() is a hashmap lookup)
-            FEngine const& engine = mMaterial->getEngine();
+            FEngine& engine = mMaterial->getEngine();
            FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(engine.isValid(p.texture))
                    << "Invalid texture still bound to MaterialInstance: '" << getName() << "'\n";
-            Handle<HwTexture> const handle = p.texture->getHwHandleForSampling();
+            Handle<HwTexture> handle = p.texture->getHwHandleForSampling();
            assert_invariant(handle);
            mDescriptorSet.setSampler(binding, handle, p.params);
        }
@@ -219,7 +216,7 @@ void FMaterialInstance::commit(DriverApi& driver) const {

 void FMaterialInstance::setParameter(std::string_view const name,
        Handle<HwTexture> texture, SamplerParams const params) {
-    auto const binding = mMaterial->getSamplerBinding(name);
+    auto binding = mMaterial->getSamplerBinding(name);
    mDescriptorSet.setSampler(binding, texture, params);
 }

@@ -246,7 +243,7 @@ void FMaterialInstance::setParameterImpl(std::string_view const name,
    }
 #endif

-    auto const binding = mMaterial->getSamplerBinding(name);
+    auto binding = mMaterial->getSamplerBinding(name);
    if (texture && texture->textureHandleCanMutate()) {
        mTextureParameters[binding] = { texture, sampler.getSamplerParams() };
    } else {
@@ -331,13 +328,13 @@ const char* FMaterialInstance::getName() const noexcept {
 void FMaterialInstance::use(FEngine::DriverApi& driver) const {

    if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(mMissingSamplerDescriptors.any())) {
-        std::call_once(mMissingSamplersFlag, [this] {
+        std::call_once(mMissingSamplersFlag, [this]() {
            auto const& list = mMaterial->getSamplerInterfaceBlock().getSamplerInfoList();
            slog.w << "sampler parameters not set in MaterialInstance \""
                   << mName.c_str_safe() << "\" or Material \""
                   << mMaterial->getName().c_str_safe() << "\":\n";
            mMissingSamplerDescriptors.forEachSetBit([&list](descriptor_binding_t binding) {
-                auto const pos = std::find_if(list.begin(), list.end(), [binding](const auto& item) {
+                auto pos = std::find_if(list.begin(), list.end(), [binding](const auto& item) {
                    return item.binding == binding;
                });
                // just safety-check, should never fail
@@ -371,7 +368,7 @@ void FMaterialInstance::fixMissingSamplers() const {
        // here we need to set the samplers that are missing
        auto const& list = mMaterial->getSamplerInterfaceBlock().getSamplerInfoList();
        missingSamplerDescriptors.forEachSetBit([this, &list](descriptor_binding_t binding) {
-            auto const pos = std::find_if(list.begin(), list.end(), [binding](const auto& item) {
+            auto pos = std::find_if(list.begin(), list.end(), [binding](const auto& item) {
                return item.binding == binding;
            });

--- a/filament/src/details/MaterialInstance.h
+++ b/filament/src/details/MaterialInstance.h
@@ -94,8 +94,6 @@ public:

    backend::CullingMode getCullingMode() const noexcept { return mCulling; }

-    backend::CullingMode getShadowCullingMode() const noexcept { return mShadowCulling; }
-
    bool isColorWriteEnabled() const noexcept { return mColorWrite; }

    bool isDepthWriteEnabled() const noexcept { return mDepthWrite; }
@@ -137,15 +135,7 @@ public:

    void setTransparencyMode(TransparencyMode mode) noexcept;

-    void setCullingMode(CullingMode const culling) noexcept {
-        mCulling = culling;
-        mShadowCulling = culling;
-    }
-
-    void setCullingMode(CullingMode const color, CullingMode const shadow) noexcept {
-        mCulling = color;
-        mShadowCulling = shadow;
-    }
+    void setCullingMode(CullingMode const culling) noexcept { mCulling = culling; }

    void setColorWrite(bool const enable) noexcept { mColorWrite = enable; }

@@ -281,9 +271,7 @@ private:
    float mSpecularAntiAliasingThreshold = 0.0f;

    backend::CullingMode mCulling : 2;
-    backend::CullingMode mShadowCulling : 2;
    backend::RasterState::DepthFunc mDepthFunc : 3;
-
    bool mColorWrite : 1;
    bool mDepthWrite : 1;
    bool mHasScissor : 1;
@@ -295,8 +283,8 @@ private:

    // Scissor rectangle is specified as: Left Bottom Width Height.
    backend::Viewport mScissorRect = { 0, 0,
-            uint32_t(std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()),
-            uint32_t(std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max())
+            (uint32_t)std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max(),
+            (uint32_t)std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()
    };

    utils::CString mName;
--- a/filament/src/details/Scene.cpp
+++ b/filament/src/details/Scene.cpp
@@ -546,11 +546,6 @@ void FScene::removeEntities(const Entity* entities, size_t const count) {
    }
 }

-UTILS_NOINLINE
-void FScene::removeAllEntities() noexcept {
-    mEntities.clear();
-}
-
 UTILS_NOINLINE
 size_t FScene::getRenderableCount() const noexcept {
    FEngine& engine = mEngine;
--- a/filament/src/details/Scene.h
+++ b/filament/src/details/Scene.h
@@ -199,7 +199,6 @@ private:
    void addEntities(const utils::Entity* entities, size_t count);
    void remove(utils::Entity entity);
    void removeEntities(const utils::Entity* entities, size_t count);
-    void removeAllEntities() noexcept;
    size_t getEntityCount() const noexcept { return mEntities.size(); }
    size_t getRenderableCount() const noexcept;
    size_t getLightCount() const noexcept;
--- a/ios/CocoaPods/Filament.podspec
+++ b/ios/CocoaPods/Filament.podspec
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 Pod::Spec.new do |spec|
  spec.name = "Filament"
-  spec.version = "1.57.1"
+  spec.version = "1.56.7"
  spec.license = { :type => "Apache 2.0", :file => "LICENSE" }
  spec.homepage = "https://google.github.io/filament"
  spec.authors = "Google LLC."
  spec.summary = "Filament is a real-time physically based rendering engine for Android, iOS, Windows, Linux, macOS, and WASM/WebGL."
  spec.platform = :ios, "11.0"
-  spec.source = { :http => "https://github.com/google/filament/releases/download/v1.57.1/filament-v1.57.1-ios.tgz" }
+  spec.source = { :http => "https://github.com/google/filament/releases/download/v1.56.7/filament-v1.56.7-ios.tgz" }

  # Fix linking error with Xcode 12; we do not yet support the simulator on Apple silicon.
  spec.pod_target_xcconfig = {
--- a/libs/filabridge/include/filament/MaterialEnums.h
+++ b/libs/filabridge/include/filament/MaterialEnums.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 namespace filament {

 // update this when a new version of filament wouldn't work with older materials
-static constexpr size_t MATERIAL_VERSION = 57;
+static constexpr size_t MATERIAL_VERSION = 56;

 /**
 * Supported shading models
--- a/libs/filamentapp/src/FilamentApp.cpp
+++ b/libs/filamentapp/src/FilamentApp.cpp
@@ -704,12 +704,19 @@ FilamentApp::Window::Window(FilamentApp* filamentApp,
        ::prepareNativeWindow(mWindow);

        void* metalLayer = nullptr;
-        if (config.backend == filament::Engine::Backend::METAL || config.backend == filament::Engine::Backend::VULKAN) {
+        if (config.backend == filament::Engine::Backend::METAL) {
            metalLayer = setUpMetalLayer(nativeWindow);
-            // The swap chain on both native Metal and MoltenVK is a CAMetalLayer.
+            // The swap chain on Metal is a CAMetalLayer.
            nativeSwapChain = metalLayer;
        }

+#if defined(FILAMENT_DRIVER_SUPPORTS_VULKAN)
+        if (config.backend == filament::Engine::Backend::VULKAN) {
+            // We request a Metal layer for rendering via MoltenVK.
+            setUpMetalLayer(nativeWindow);
+        }
+#endif
+
 #endif

        // Write back the active feature level.
--- a/samples/multiple_windows.cpp
+++ b/samples/multiple_windows.cpp
@@ -205,11 +205,17 @@ void setup_window(Window& w, Engine* engine) {
    void* nativeSwapChain = nativeWindow;
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
    void* metalLayer = nullptr;
-    if (kBackend == filament::Engine::Backend::METAL || kBackend == filament::Engine::Backend::VULKAN) {
+    if (kBackend == filament::Engine::Backend::METAL) {
        metalLayer = setUpMetalLayer(nativeWindow);
-        // The swap chain on both native Metal and MoltenVK is a CAMetalLayer.
+        // The swap chain on Metal is a CAMetalLayer.
        nativeSwapChain = metalLayer;
    }
+#if defined(FILAMENT_DRIVER_SUPPORTS_VULKAN)
+    if (kBackend == filament::Engine::Backend::VULKAN) {
+        // We request a Metal layer for rendering via MoltenVK.
+        setUpMetalLayer(nativeWindow);
+    }
+#endif
 #endif
    w.swapChain = engine->createSwapChain(nativeSwapChain);

--- a/shaders/src/common_getters.glsl
+++ b/shaders/src/common_getters.glsl
@@ -1,27 +1,3 @@
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Common Helpers
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/**
- * Index of the eye being rendered, starting at 0.
- * @public-api
- */
-int getEyeIndex() {
-#if defined(VARIANT_HAS_STEREO) && defined(FILAMENT_STEREO_INSTANCED)
-    return instance_index % CONFIG_STEREO_EYE_COUNT;
-#elif defined(VARIANT_HAS_STEREO) && defined(FILAMENT_STEREO_MULTIVIEW)
-
-#   if defined(TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT)
-    return int(gl_ViewIndex);
-#   else
-    // gl_ViewID_OVR is of uint type, which needs an explicit conversion.
-    return int(gl_ViewID_OVR);
-#   endif // TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT
-
-#endif
-    return 0;
-}
-
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Uniforms access
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -48,7 +24,20 @@ highp mat4 getViewFromClipMatrix() {

 /** @public-api */
 highp mat4 getClipFromWorldMatrix() {
-    return frameUniforms.clipFromWorldMatrix[getEyeIndex()];
+#if defined(VARIANT_HAS_STEREO) && defined(FILAMENT_STEREO_INSTANCED)
+    int eye = instance_index % CONFIG_STEREO_EYE_COUNT;
+    return frameUniforms.clipFromWorldMatrix[eye];
+#elif defined(VARIANT_HAS_STEREO) && defined(FILAMENT_STEREO_MULTIVIEW)
+
+#if defined(TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT)
+    return frameUniforms.clipFromWorldMatrix[gl_ViewIndex];
+#else
+    return frameUniforms.clipFromWorldMatrix[gl_ViewID_OVR];
+#endif // TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT
+
+#else
+    return frameUniforms.clipFromWorldMatrix[0];
+#endif
 }

 /** @public-api */
--- a/shaders/src/surface_getters.vs
+++ b/shaders/src/surface_getters.vs
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ vec4 getCustom7() { return mesh_custom7; }
 #endif

 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Surface Helpers
+// Helpers
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
@@ -275,3 +275,23 @@ vec4 computeWorldPosition() {
 #error Unknown Vertex Domain
 #endif
 }
+
+/**
+ * Index of the eye being rendered, starting at 0.
+ * @public-api
+ */
+int getEyeIndex() {
+#if defined(VARIANT_HAS_STEREO) && defined(FILAMENT_STEREO_INSTANCED)
+    return instance_index % CONFIG_STEREO_EYE_COUNT;
+#elif defined(VARIANT_HAS_STEREO) && defined(FILAMENT_STEREO_MULTIVIEW)
+
+#if defined(TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT)
+    return int(gl_ViewIndex);
+#else
+    // gl_ViewID_OVR is of uint type, which needs an explicit conversion.
+    return int(gl_ViewID_OVR);
+#endif // TARGET_VULKAN_ENVIRONMENT
+
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
--- a/web/filament-js/jsbindings.cpp
+++ b/web/filament-js/jsbindings.cpp
@@ -661,7 +661,6 @@ class_<View>("View")
    .function("getViewport", &View::getViewport)
    .function("setVisibleLayers", &View::setVisibleLayers)
    .function("setPostProcessingEnabled", &View::setPostProcessingEnabled)
-    .function("setDithering", &View::setDithering)
    .function("_setAmbientOcclusionOptions", &View::setAmbientOcclusionOptions)
    .function("_setDepthOfFieldOptions", &View::setDepthOfFieldOptions)
    .function("_setMultiSampleAntiAliasingOptions", &View::setMultiSampleAntiAliasingOptions)
@@ -1392,14 +1391,8 @@ class_<MaterialInstance>("MaterialInstance")
    .function("isDoubleSided", &MaterialInstance::isDoubleSided)
    .function("setTransparencyMode", &MaterialInstance::setTransparencyMode)
    .function("getTransparencyMode", &MaterialInstance::getTransparencyMode)
-    .function("setCullingMode", EMBIND_LAMBDA(void,
-            (MaterialInstance* self, MaterialInstance::CullingMode mode), {
-        self->setCullingMode(mode); }), allow_raw_pointers())
-    .function("setCullingModeSeparate", EMBIND_LAMBDA(void,
-            (MaterialInstance* self, MaterialInstance::CullingMode color, MaterialInstance::CullingMode shadows), {
-        self->setCullingMode(color, shadows); }), allow_raw_pointers())
+    .function("setCullingMode", &MaterialInstance::setCullingMode)
    .function("getCullingMode", &MaterialInstance::getCullingMode)
-    .function("getShadowCullingMode", &MaterialInstance::getShadowCullingMode)
    .function("setColorWrite", &MaterialInstance::setColorWrite)
    .function("isColorWriteEnabled", &MaterialInstance::isColorWriteEnabled)
    .function("setDepthWrite", &MaterialInstance::setDepthWrite)
--- a/web/filament-js/package.json
+++ b/web/filament-js/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "filament",
-  "version": "1.57.1",
+  "version": "1.56.7",
  "description": "Real-time physically based rendering engine",
  "main": "filament.js",
  "module": "filament.js",