egl: allow for ordering display init paths

On certain platforms, initialization by query device is preferred. On others, initialization by default device is preferred. To accommodate for either, we use a bool to switch the ordering if needed. PlatformEGLHeadless is assumed use the query device path first, and PlatformEGL will still check the default device/display first.
2026-02-18 11:43:31 -08:00
181 changed files with 1877 additions and 5946 deletions
@@ -27,24 +27,17 @@ runs:
        echo "$HASH" > /tmp/commit_hash.txt
    - name: Find commit message (PR)
      shell: bash
+      id: checkout_code
      if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
      run: |
-        PR_NUMBER="${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}"
-        # Fetch the head of the PR explicitly to handle forks. Depth 50 ensures we can traverse past recent merge commits.
-        git fetch --depth=50 origin "pull/$PR_NUMBER/head:pr-head"
-
-        COMMIT_HASH=$(git log -1 --no-merges pr-head --format=%H)
-        AUTHOR_NAME=$(git log -1 --no-merges pr-head --format=%an)
-        AUTHOR_EMAIL=$(git log -1 --no-merges pr-head --format=%ae)
-        TSTAMP=$(git log -1 --no-merges pr-head --format=%aI)
-        COMMIT_MESSAGE=$(git log -1 --no-merges pr-head --format=%B)
-
-        echo "commit $COMMIT_HASH" > /tmp/commit_msg.txt
-        echo "Author: ${AUTHOR_NAME}<${AUTHOR_EMAIL}>" >> /tmp/commit_msg.txt
-        echo "Date: ${TSTAMP}" >> /tmp/commit_msg.txt
-        echo "" >> /tmp/commit_msg.txt
-        echo "$COMMIT_MESSAGE" >> /tmp/commit_msg.txt
-        echo "$COMMIT_HASH" > /tmp/commit_hash.txt
+        BEFORE_HASH=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+        echo "hash=$BEFORE_HASH" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        # Next we will checkout the actual head (not the merge commits) of the PR
+        AFTER_HASH="${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}"
+        git checkout $AFTER_HASH
+        COMMIT_MESSAGE=$(git log -1 --no-merges)
+        echo "$COMMIT_MESSAGE" > /tmp/commit_msg.txt
+        echo "$AFTER_HASH" > /tmp/commit_hash.txt
    - shell: bash
      id: action_output
      run: |
@@ -54,4 +47,9 @@ runs:
        cat /tmp/commit_msg.txt >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
        echo "$DELIMITER" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
        # Get the commit hash
-        echo "hash=$(cat /tmp/commit_hash.txt)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        echo "hash=$(cat /tmp/commit_hash.txt)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+    - name: Cleanup Find commit message (PR)
+      shell: bash
+      if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+      run: |
+        git checkout ${{ steps.checkout_code.outputs.hash }}
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-name: 'Renderdiff Generate'
-description: 'Sets up prerequisites and runs the generate script for renderdiff'
-runs:
-  using: "composite"
-  steps:
-    - uses: ./.github/actions/mac-prereq
-    - uses: ./.github/actions/get-gltf-assets
-    - uses: ./.github/actions/get-mesa
-    - uses: ./.github/actions/get-vulkan-sdk
-    - name: Prerequisites
-      run: |
-        # Must have at least clang-16 for a webgpu/dawn build.
-        sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode_16.2.app/Contents/Developer
-      shell: bash
-    - name: Generate images
-      run: |
-        TEST_DIR=test/renderdiff
-        source ${TEST_DIR}/src/preamble.sh
-        set -eux
-        bash ${TEST_DIR}/generate.sh
-        set +eux
-      shell: bash
-    - name: Build diffimg tool
-      run: |
-        ./build.sh release diffimg
-      shell: bash
@@ -10,27 +10,16 @@ jobs:
  # a branch on filament-assets.
  update-renderdiff-goldens:
    name: update-renderdiff-goldens
-    runs-on: 'macos-14-xlarge'
+    runs-on: 'ubuntu-24.04-4core'
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.6
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/linux-prereq
      - id: get_commit_msg
        uses: ./.github/actions/get-commit-msg
-      - name: Check if accepting new goldens
-        id: check_accept
-        env:
-          COMMIT_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.get_commit_msg.outputs.msg }}
-        run: |
-          if echo "${COMMIT_MESSAGE}" | python3 test/renderdiff/src/commit_msg.py --mode=accept_new_goldens; then
-            echo "accept=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          else
-            echo "accept=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          fi
-        shell: bash
-      - name: Renderdiff Generate for new goldens
-        if: steps.check_accept.outputs.accept == 'true'
-        uses: ./.github/actions/renderdiff-generate
+      - name: Build diffimg
+        run: ./build.sh release diffimg
      - name: Run update script
        env:
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.FILAMENTBOT_TOKEN }}
@@ -38,24 +27,10 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          GOLDEN_BRANCH=$(echo "${COMMIT_MESSAGE}" | python3 test/renderdiff/src/commit_msg.py)
          COMMIT_HASH="${{ steps.get_commit_msg.outputs.hash }}"
-
-          git config --global user.email "filament.bot@gmail.com"
-          git config --global user.name "Filament Bot"
-          git config --global credential.helper cache
-
-          if [[ "${{ steps.check_accept.outputs.accept }}" == "true" ]]; then
-              SHORT_HASH="${COMMIT_HASH:0:8}"
-              GOLDEN_BRANCH="accept-goldens-${SHORT_HASH}"
-              echo "Generating new goldens for branch ${GOLDEN_BRANCH}"
-              python3 test/renderdiff/src/update_golden.py \
-                  --branch=${GOLDEN_BRANCH} \
-                  --source=$(pwd)/out/renderdiff/renders \
-                  --commit-msg="Auto-update goldens from ${COMMIT_HASH}" \
-                  --push-to-remote \
-                  --golden-repo-token=${GH_TOKEN}
-          fi
-
          if [[ "${GOLDEN_BRANCH}" != "main" ]]; then
+              git config --global user.email "filament.bot@gmail.com"
+              git config --global user.name "Filament Bot"
+              git config --global credential.helper cache
              echo "branch==${GOLDEN_BRANCH}"
              echo "hash==${COMMIT_HASH}"
              python3 test/renderdiff/src/update_golden.py --branch=${GOLDEN_BRANCH} \
@@ -126,24 +126,18 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.6
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/mac-prereq
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/get-gltf-assets
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/get-mesa
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/get-vulkan-sdk
      - id: get_commit_msg
        uses: ./.github/actions/get-commit-msg
-      - name: Check if accepting new goldens
-        id: check_accept
-        env:
-          COMMIT_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.get_commit_msg.outputs.msg }}
+      - name: Prerequisites
        run: |
-          if echo "${COMMIT_MESSAGE}" | python3 test/renderdiff/src/commit_msg.py --mode=accept_new_goldens; then
-            echo "accept=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          else
-            echo "accept=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          fi
+          # Must have at least clang-16 for a webgpu/dawn build.
+          sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode_16.2.app/Contents/Developer
        shell: bash
-      - name: Renderdiff Generate
-        if: steps.check_accept.outputs.accept != 'true'
-        uses: ./.github/actions/renderdiff-generate
      - name: Render and compare
-        if: steps.check_accept.outputs.accept != 'true'
        id: render_compare
        env:
          COMMIT_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.get_commit_msg.outputs.msg }}
@@ -152,6 +146,9 @@ jobs:
          source ${TEST_DIR}/src/preamble.sh
          set -eux
          GOLDEN_BRANCH=$(echo "${COMMIT_MESSAGE}" | python3 ${TEST_DIR}/src/commit_msg.py)
+          bash ${TEST_DIR}/generate.sh
+          # Build diffimg tool
+          ./build.sh release diffimg

          python3 ${TEST_DIR}/src/golden_manager.py \
                  --branch=${GOLDEN_BRANCH} \
@@ -175,12 +172,10 @@ jobs:
          fi
        shell: bash
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        if: steps.check_accept.outputs.accept != 'true'
        with:
          name: presubmit-renderdiff-result
          path: ./out/renderdiff
      - name: Compare result
-        if: steps.check_accept.outputs.accept != 'true'
        run: |
          ERROR_STR="${{ steps.render_compare.outputs.err }}"
          if [ -n "${ERROR_STR}" ]; then
@@ -188,54 +188,6 @@ jobs:
            const globber = await glob.create(['out/*.aar', 'out/*.apk', 'out/*.tgz'].join('\n'));
            await upload({ github, context }, await globber.glob(), TAG);

-  sonatype-publish:
-    name: sonatype-publish
-    runs-on: 'ubuntu-24.04-16core'
-    # Depends on the the Android build for the Android binaries.
-    # Depends on the Mac, Linux, and Windows builds for host tools.
-    needs: [build-mac, build-linux, build-windows, build-android]
-    if: github.event_name == 'release' || github.event.inputs.platform == 'android'
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Decide Git ref
-        id: git_ref
-        run: |
-          REF=${RELEASE_TAG:-${GITHUB_REF}}
-          TAG=${REF##*/}
-          echo "ref=${REF}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo "tag=${TAG}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.6
-        with:
-          ref: ${{ steps.git_ref.outputs.ref }}
-      - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
-        with:
-          distribution: 'temurin'
-          java-version: '17'
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/linux-prereq
-      - name: Download Android Release
-        run: |
-          gh release download ${TAG} \
-            --repo ${{ github.repository }} \
-            --pattern 'filament-*-android-native.tgz'
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          TAG: ${{ steps.git_ref.outputs.tag }}
-      - name: Unzip Android Release
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p out/android-release
-          tar -xzvf filament-${TAG}-android-native.tgz -C out/android-release/
-        env:
-          TAG: ${{ steps.git_ref.outputs.tag }}
-      - name: Publish To Sonatype
-        run: |
-          cd android
-          ./gradlew publishToSonatype closeSonatypeStagingRepository
-        env:
-          ORG_GRADLE_PROJECT_sonatypeUsername: ${{ secrets.SONATYPE_USERNAME }}
-          ORG_GRADLE_PROJECT_sonatypePassword: ${{ secrets.SONATYPE_PASSWORD }}
-          ORG_GRADLE_PROJECT_signingKey: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_SIGNING_KEY }}
-          ORG_GRADLE_PROJECT_signingPassword: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_SIGNING_PASSWORD }}
-
  build-ios:
    name: build-ios
    runs-on: macos-14-xlarge
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ repositories {
 }

 dependencies {
-    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.70.1'
+    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.69.2'
 }
 ```

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Here are all the libraries available in the group `com.google.android.filament`:
 iOS projects can use CocoaPods to install the latest release:

 ```shell
-pod 'Filament', '~> 1.70.1'
+pod 'Filament', '~> 1.69.2'
 ```

 ## Documentation
@@ -7,21 +7,6 @@ A new header is inserted each time a *tag* is created.
 Instead, if you are authoring a PR for the main branch, add your release note to
 [NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md](./NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md).

-## v1.70.1
-
-
-## v1.70.0
-
- engine: fix crash when using variance shadow maps
- materials: better shadow normal-bias calculations [⚠️ **New Material Version**]
-
-## v1.69.5
-
- engine: fix crash when using variance shadow maps
-
-## v1.69.4
-
-
 ## v1.69.3


@@ -40,21 +40,15 @@
 //   - Build and upload artifacts with ./gradlew publish
 //   - Close and release staging repo on Nexus with ./gradlew closeAndReleaseStagingRepository
 //
-// The following properties need to be set (either in ~/gradle/gradle.properties, on the command
-// line, or as environment variables, e.g.: ORG_GRADLE_PROJECT_property=value):
+// The following is needed in ~/gradle/gradle.properties:
 //
 //     sonatypeUsername=nexus_user
 //     sonatypePassword=nexus_password
 //
-//     To sign with a key ring file:
 //     signing.keyId=pgp_key_id
 //     signing.password=pgp_key_password
 //     signing.secretKeyRingFile=/Users/user/.gnupg/maven_signing.key
 //
-//     To sign with in-memory keys (useful for CI):,
-//     signingKey=ASCII armored key (begins with -----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----)
-//     signingPassword=key password
-//

 buildscript {
    def path = providers
@@ -200,7 +194,7 @@ subprojects {
        google()
    }

-    if (!name.startsWith("sample") && name != "filament-tools" && name != "gradle-plugin") {
+    if (!name.startsWith("sample") && name != "filament-tools") {
        apply plugin: 'com.android.library'

        android {
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ configured, the corresponding task will be disabled.

 ```groovy
 plugins {
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 filament {
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+plugins {
+    id 'groovy-gradle-plugin'
+}
+
+gradlePlugin {
+    plugins {
+        create("filament-plugin") {
+            id = "filament-plugin"
+            implementationClass = "com.google.android.filament.gradle.FilamentPlugin"
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+repositories {
+    mavenCentral()
+    gradlePluginPortal()
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation "com.google.gradle:osdetector-gradle-plugin:1.7.3"
+}
@@ -60,10 +60,9 @@ class ToolsLocator {
        def classifier =
                project.extensions.getByType(com.google.gradle.osdetector.OsDetector).classifier

-        // If com.google.android.filament.tools-dir is set to a non-empty string, we'll use it as
-        // the tool's base path.
+        // If com.google.android.filament.tools-dir is set, we'll use it as the tool's base path.
        def toolsDirProp = project.providers.gradleProperty("com.google.android.filament.tools-dir")
-        if (toolsDirProp.isPresent() && !toolsDirProp.get().trim().isEmpty()) {
+        if (toolsDirProp.isPresent()) {
            def toolsDir = toolsDirProp.get()
            def path = OperatingSystem.current().isWindows() ?
                "${toolsDir}/bin/${name}.exe" :
@@ -2121,7 +2121,7 @@ public class View {
         */
        public boolean highPrecision = false;
        /**
-         * @deprecated has no effect.
+         * VSM minimum variance scale, must be positive.
         */
        public float minVarianceScale = 0.5f;
        /**
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ class ModelViewer(
    var skyboxCubemap: Texture? = null

    private lateinit var displayHelper: DisplayHelper
-    private var cameraManipulator: Manipulator? = null
-    private var gestureDetector: GestureDetector? = null
+    private lateinit var cameraManipulator: Manipulator
+    private lateinit var gestureDetector: GestureDetector
    private var surfaceView: SurfaceView? = null
    private var textureView: TextureView? = null

@@ -157,13 +157,15 @@ class ModelViewer(
            surfaceView: SurfaceView,
            engine: Engine = Engine.create(),
            uiHelper: UiHelper = UiHelper(UiHelper.ContextErrorPolicy.DONT_CHECK),
-            manipulator: Manipulator? = defaultCameraManipulator(surfaceView.width, surfaceView.height)
+            manipulator: Manipulator? = null
    ) : this(engine, uiHelper) {
+        cameraManipulator = manipulator ?: Manipulator.Builder()
+                .targetPosition(kDefaultObjectPosition.x, kDefaultObjectPosition.y, kDefaultObjectPosition.z)
+                .viewport(surfaceView.width, surfaceView.height)
+                .build(Manipulator.Mode.ORBIT)
+
        this.surfaceView = surfaceView
-        cameraManipulator = manipulator
-        cameraManipulator?.let { c ->
-            gestureDetector = GestureDetector(surfaceView, c)
-        }
+        gestureDetector = GestureDetector(surfaceView, cameraManipulator)
        displayHelper = DisplayHelper(surfaceView.context)
        uiHelper.renderCallback = SurfaceCallback()
        uiHelper.attachTo(surfaceView)
@@ -175,14 +177,15 @@ class ModelViewer(
            textureView: TextureView,
            engine: Engine = Engine.create(),
            uiHelper: UiHelper = UiHelper(UiHelper.ContextErrorPolicy.DONT_CHECK),
-            manipulator: Manipulator? = defaultCameraManipulator(textureView.width, textureView.height)
+            manipulator: Manipulator? = null
    ) : this(engine, uiHelper) {
-        cameraManipulator = manipulator
+        cameraManipulator = manipulator ?: Manipulator.Builder()
+                .targetPosition(kDefaultObjectPosition.x, kDefaultObjectPosition.y, kDefaultObjectPosition.z)
+                .viewport(textureView.width, textureView.height)
+                .build(Manipulator.Mode.ORBIT)
+
        this.textureView = textureView
-        cameraManipulator = manipulator
-        cameraManipulator?.let { c ->
-            gestureDetector = GestureDetector(textureView, c)
-        }
+        gestureDetector = GestureDetector(textureView, cameraManipulator)
        displayHelper = DisplayHelper(textureView.context)
        uiHelper.renderCallback = SurfaceCallback()
        uiHelper.attachTo(textureView)
@@ -299,13 +302,11 @@ class ModelViewer(
        asset?.let { populateScene(it) }

        // Extract the camera basis from the helper and push it to the Filament camera.
-        cameraManipulator?.let { cm ->
-            cm.getLookAt(eyePos, target, upward)
-            camera.lookAt(
+        cameraManipulator.getLookAt(eyePos, target, upward)
+        camera.lookAt(
                eyePos[0], eyePos[1], eyePos[2],
                target[0], target[1], target[2],
                upward[0], upward[1], upward[2])
-        }

        // Render the scene, unless the renderer wants to skip the frame.
        if (renderer.beginFrame(swapChain!!, frameTimeNanos)) {
@@ -397,7 +398,7 @@ class ModelViewer(
     * Handles a [MotionEvent] to enable one-finger orbit, two-finger pan, and pinch-to-zoom.
     */
    fun onTouchEvent(event: MotionEvent) {
-        gestureDetector?.onTouchEvent(event)
+        gestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event)
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("ClickableViewAccessibility")
@@ -450,7 +451,7 @@ class ModelViewer(

        override fun onResized(width: Int, height: Int) {
            view.viewport = Viewport(0, 0, width, height)
-            cameraManipulator?.setViewport(width, height)
+            cameraManipulator.setViewport(width, height)
            updateCameraProjection()
            synchronizePendingFrames(engine)
        }
@@ -467,11 +468,5 @@ class ModelViewer(

    companion object {
        private val kDefaultObjectPosition = Float3(0.0f, 0.0f, -4.0f)
-        private fun defaultCameraManipulator(width: Int, height: Int) : Manipulator {
-            return Manipulator.Builder()
-                .targetPosition(kDefaultObjectPosition.x, kDefaultObjectPosition.y, kDefaultObjectPosition.z)
-                .viewport(width, height)
-                .build(Manipulator.Mode.ORBIT)
-        }
    }
 }
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-plugins {
-    id 'groovy-gradle-plugin'
-    id 'com.gradle.plugin-publish' version '2.1.0'
-}
-
-group = "com.google.android.filament"
-version = "0.1.0"
-
-gradlePlugin {
-    website = "https://github.com/google/filament/tree/main/android/gradle-plugin"
-    vcsUrl = "https://github.com/google/filament/tree/main/android/gradle-plugin"
-
-    plugins {
-        create("filament-tools") {
-            id = "com.google.android.filament-tools"
-            displayName = "Filament Tools Gradle Plugin"
-            description = "A plugin that helps integrate Filament into Android projects"
-            tags.addAll('android', 'graphics', 'rendering', 'filament', '3d', 'gltf', 'native')
-            implementationClass = "com.google.android.filament.gradle.FilamentPlugin"
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-repositories {
-    mavenCentral()
-    gradlePluginPortal()
-}
-
-dependencies {
-    implementation "com.google.gradle:osdetector-gradle-plugin:1.7.3"
-}
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 GROUP=com.google.android.filament
-VERSION_NAME=1.70.1
+VERSION_NAME=1.69.2

 POM_DESCRIPTION=Real-time physically based rendering engine for Android.

@@ -94,13 +94,6 @@ afterEvaluate { project ->
    }

    signing {
-        def signingKey = findProperty("signingKey")
-        def signingPassword = findProperty("signingPassword")
-        if (signingKey && signingPassword) {
-            println("Signing with in-memory keys")
-            useInMemoryPgpKeys(signingKey, signingPassword)
-        }
-
        publishing.publications.all { publication ->
            sign publication
        }
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ tasks.register('copyDamagedHelmetGltf', Copy) {
 preBuild.dependsOn copyDamagedHelmetGltf

 clean.doFirst {
-    delete "src/main/assets/envs"
-    delete "src/main/assets/models"
+    delete "src/main/assets"
 }

 android {
@@ -49,7 +48,6 @@ android {
 dependencies {
    implementation deps.kotlin
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
-    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.10.0'
    implementation deps.coroutines.core
    implementation project(':filament-android')
    implementation project(':gltfio-android')
@@ -12,11 +12,10 @@
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:largeHeap="true"
        android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
-        android:theme="@style/Theme.Material3.DayNight.NoActionBar">
+        android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true"
-            android:launchMode="singleTop"
            android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|screenLayout|keyboardHidden"
            android:screenOrientation="fullSensor">
            <intent-filter>
@@ -1,899 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "name": "Default Test",
-  "backends": [
-    "opengl"
-  ],
-  "models": {
-    "DamagedHelmet": "helmet.glb"
-  },
-  "presets": [
-    {
-      "name": "base",
-      "models": [
-        "DamagedHelmet"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "camera": {
-          "enabled": true,
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-      "apply_presets": [
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-      ],
-      "rendering": {
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-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.fog.enabled": true,
-        "view.fog.fogColorFromIbl": true
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-    },
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-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
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-      "rendering": {
-        "view.vignette.enabled": true
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-    },
-    {
-      "name": "vignette_midPoint",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.vignette.enabled": true,
-        "view.vignette.midPoint": 0.8
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-    },
-    {
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-      "apply_presets": [
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-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.vignette.enabled": true,
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-    },
-    {
-      "name": "vignette_roundness_rect",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.vignette.enabled": true,
-        "view.vignette.roundness": 0.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "vignette_feather_sharp",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.vignette.enabled": true,
-        "view.vignette.feather": 0.1
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_filmic",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.toneMapping": "FILMIC"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_aces",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.toneMapping": "ACES"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_agx",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.toneMapping": "AGX"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_pbr_neutral",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.toneMapping": "PBR_NEUTRAL"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_contrast_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.contrast": 1.5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_saturation_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.saturation": 1.5
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "cg_exposure_high",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.colorGrading.exposure": 1.0
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "shadow_vsm",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.shadowType": "VSM"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "shadow_vsm_anisotropy",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.shadowType": "VSM",
-        "view.vsmShadowOptions.anisotropy": 2
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "shadow_vsm_highPrecision",
-      "apply_presets": [
-        "base"
-      ],
-      "rendering": {
-        "view.shadowType": "VSM",
-        "view.vsmShadowOptions.highPrecision": true
-      }
-    }
-  ]
-}
@@ -17,35 +17,36 @@
 package com.google.android.filament.validation

 import android.app.Activity
-import android.app.AlertDialog
-import android.content.Intent
 import android.graphics.Bitmap
-import android.graphics.Color
 import android.os.Bundle
-import android.text.Html
 import android.util.Log
 import android.view.Choreographer
 import android.view.SurfaceView
 import android.view.View
 import android.view.WindowManager
-import android.widget.ArrayAdapter
-import android.widget.Button
 import android.widget.ImageView
 import android.widget.LinearLayout
-import android.widget.Spinner
+import android.widget.ScrollView
 import android.widget.TextView
-import com.google.android.filament.utils.KTX1Loader
 import com.google.android.filament.utils.ModelViewer
 import com.google.android.filament.utils.Utils
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+import com.google.android.filament.utils.KTX1Loader
+import com.google.android.filament.IndirectLight
+import com.google.android.filament.Skybox
+import android.graphics.Color
 import java.io.File
+import java.io.FileOutputStream
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection
+import java.net.URL
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer
-import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
-import java.util.Date
-import java.util.Locale
+import android.widget.ArrayAdapter
+import android.widget.Button
+import android.widget.Spinner
+import android.widget.AdapterView

 class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {

@@ -61,17 +62,13 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
    private lateinit var choreographer: Choreographer
    private lateinit var modelViewer: ModelViewer
    private lateinit var statusTextView: TextView
-    private lateinit var testResultsHeader: TextView
    private lateinit var resultsContainer: LinearLayout
    private lateinit var inputManager: ValidationInputManager
    private var currentInput: ValidationInputManager.ValidationInput? = null
-
-    // UI Elements
+    private lateinit var modeSpinner: Spinner
    private lateinit var runButton: Button
-    private lateinit var loadButton: Button
-    private lateinit var optionsButton: Button
-
    private var resultManager: ValidationResultManager? = null
+
    private var validationRunner: ValidationRunner? = null

    // Frame callback
@@ -92,53 +89,25 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
        surfaceView.holder.setFixedSize(512, 512)

        statusTextView = findViewById(R.id.status_text)
-        testResultsHeader = findViewById(R.id.test_results_header)
+        modeSpinner = findViewById(R.id.mode_spinner)
+        runButton = findViewById(R.id.run_button)
        resultsContainer = findViewById(R.id.results_container)

-        runButton = findViewById(R.id.run_button)
-        loadButton = findViewById(R.id.load_button)
-        optionsButton = findViewById(R.id.options_button)
+        // Setup Spinner
+        val modes = arrayOf("Run Validation", "Generate Goldens")
+        val adapter = ArrayAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, modes)
+        adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item)
+        modeSpinner.adapter = adapter

        // Setup Run Button
        runButton.setOnClickListener {
            currentInput?.let { input ->
-                // Always use the generateGoldens flag from the intent/input
-                startValidation(input)
+                val generateGoldens = modeSpinner.selectedItemPosition == 1
+                val newInput = input.copy(generateGoldens = generateGoldens)
+                startValidation(newInput)
            }
        }

-        // Setup Load Button
-        loadButton.setOnClickListener {
-            showLoadDialog()
-        }
-
-        // Setup Options Menu Button
-        optionsButton.setOnClickListener { view ->
-            val popup = android.widget.PopupMenu(this, view)
-            popup.menu.add(0, 1, 0, "Generate Golden")
-            popup.menu.add(0, 2, 0, "Export Test")
-            popup.menu.add(0, 3, 0, "Export Result")
-            popup.menu.add(0, 4, 0, "Test ADB Info")
-            popup.menu.add(0, 5, 0, "Result ADB Info")
-
-            popup.setOnMenuItemClickListener { item ->
-                when (item.itemId) {
-                    1 -> {
-                        currentInput?.let { input ->
-                            val goldenInput = input.copy(generateGoldens = true)
-                            startValidation(goldenInput)
-                        }
-                    }
-                    2 -> exportTestBundleAction()
-                    3 -> exportTestResultsAction()
-                    4 -> showTestAdbInfo()
-                    5 -> showResultAdbInfo()
-                }
-                true
-            }
-            popup.show()
-        }
-
        window.addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON)

        choreographer = Choreographer.getInstance()
@@ -151,134 +120,6 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
        handleIntent()
    }

-    private fun showLoadDialog() {
-        val exportDir = getExternalFilesDir(null) ?: filesDir
-        // Filter out result zips (starting with "results_") to only show test bundles
-        val zips = exportDir.listFiles { _, name ->
-            name.endsWith(".zip") && !name.startsWith("results_")
-        }?.sortedByDescending { it.lastModified() } ?: emptyList()
-
-        if (zips.isEmpty()) {
-            AlertDialog.Builder(this)
-                .setTitle("Load Test")
-                .setMessage("No test bundles found.")
-                .setPositiveButton("OK", null)
-                .show()
-            return
-        }
-
-        val builder = AlertDialog.Builder(this)
-        builder.setTitle("Select Test Bundle")
-
-        val items = zips.map { it.name }.toTypedArray()
-
-        builder.setItems(items) { dialog, which ->
-            val selectedFile = zips[which]
-            loadZipBundle(selectedFile)
-            dialog.dismiss()
-        }
-
-        builder.setNegativeButton("Cancel", null)
-        builder.show()
-    }
-
-    private fun showTestAdbInfo() {
-        val exportDir = getExternalFilesDir(null) ?: filesDir
-        val path = exportDir.absolutePath
-        val isInternal = path.startsWith(filesDir.absolutePath)
-        val message = StringBuilder()
-
-        message.append("Storage Path: $path<br><br>")
-
-        message.append("<b>--- PULL FROM DEVICE ---</b><br>")
-        if (isInternal) {
-            message.append("<tt>adb shell \"run-as $packageName cat files/&lt;filename&gt;\" &gt; &lt;filename&gt;</tt><br><br>")
-        } else {
-            message.append("<tt>adb pull $path/&lt;filename&gt; .</tt><br><br>")
-        }
-
-        message.append("<b>--- PUSH TO DEVICE ---</b><br>")
-        if (isInternal) {
-            message.append("1. <tt>adb push &lt;filename&gt; /sdcard/Download/</tt><br>")
-            message.append("2. <tt>adb shell \"run-as $packageName cp /sdcard/Download/&lt;filename&gt; files/\"</tt><br>")
-        } else {
-            message.append("<tt>adb push &lt;filename&gt; $path/</tt><br>")
-        }
-        message.append("<br>Note: Use underscores instead of spaces in &lt;filename&gt;.")
-
-        AlertDialog.Builder(this)
-            .setTitle("Test Bundle ADB Info")
-            .setMessage(Html.fromHtml(message.toString(), Html.FROM_HTML_MODE_LEGACY))
-            .setPositiveButton("OK", null)
-            .show()
-    }
-
-    private fun showResultAdbInfo() {
-        val exportDir = getExternalFilesDir(null) ?: filesDir
-        val path = exportDir.absolutePath
-        val isInternal = path.startsWith(filesDir.absolutePath)
-        val message = StringBuilder()
-
-        message.append("<b>--- PULL RESULTS ---</b><br>")
-        if (isInternal) {
-            message.append("<tt>adb shell \"run-as $packageName cat files/&lt;filename&gt;\" &gt; &lt;filename&gt;</tt><br><br>")
-        } else {
-            message.append("<tt>adb pull $path/&lt;filename&gt; .</tt><br><br>")
-        }
-
-        message.append("<b>--- AVAILABLE RESULTS ---</b><br>")
-        val zips = exportDir.listFiles { _, name ->
-            name.endsWith(".zip") && name.startsWith("results_")
-        }?.sortedByDescending { it.lastModified() } ?: emptyList()
-
-        if (zips.isEmpty()) {
-            message.append("No result zips found.<br>")
-        } else {
-            zips.forEach { file ->
-                message.append("${file.name}<br>")
-            }
-        }
-
-        AlertDialog.Builder(this)
-            .setTitle("Result ADB Info")
-            .setMessage(Html.fromHtml(message.toString(), Html.FROM_HTML_MODE_LEGACY))
-            .setPositiveButton("OK", null)
-            .show()
-    }
-
-    private fun loadZipBundle(file: File) {
-         statusTextView.text = "Loading ${file.name}..."
-         CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Main).launch {
-             try {
-                 val config = inputManager.loadFromZip(file)
-                 val baseDir = getExternalFilesDir(null) ?: filesDir
-                 val outputDir = File(baseDir, "validation_results").apply { mkdirs() }
-
-                 // Clear existing results UI and state
-                 resultsContainer.removeAllViews()
-                 resultManager = null
-
-                 val newInput = ValidationInputManager.ValidationInput(
-                     config = config,
-                     outputDir = outputDir,
-                     generateGoldens = false,
-                     autoRun = false,
-                     autoExport = false,
-                     autoExportResults = false,
-                     sourceZip = file
-                 )
-
-                 currentInput = newInput
-                 statusTextView.text = "Loaded ${config.name}"
-                 Log.i(TAG, "Setting header to: Test Results: ${config.name}")
-                 testResultsHeader.text = "${config.name}"
-             } catch (e: Exception) {
-                 Log.e(TAG, "Failed to load zip", e)
-                 statusTextView.text = "Error: ${e.message}"
-             }
-         }
-    }
-
    private fun createIndirectLight() {
        try {
            val engine = modelViewer.engine
@@ -315,18 +156,12 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
        CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Main).launch {
            try {
                val input = inputManager.resolveConfig(intent)
-
-                // Update header
-                Log.i(TAG, "handleIntent: Setting header to: Test Results: ${input.config.name}")
-                testResultsHeader.text = "${input.config.name}"
                currentInput = input

-                if (input.autoRun) {
-                    startValidation(input)
-                } else {
-                    // Just show status
-                    statusTextView.text = "Ready: ${input.config.name}"
-                }
+                // Sync spinner with intent
+                modeSpinner.setSelection(if (input.generateGoldens) 1 else 0)
+
+                startValidation(input)
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to resolve config", e)
                statusTextView.text = "Error: ${e.message}"
@@ -340,8 +175,6 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
            Log.i(TAG, "Starting validation with config: ${input.config.name}")
            Log.i(TAG, "Output dir: ${input.outputDir.absolutePath}")

-            testResultsHeader.text = "${input.config.name}"
-
            resultManager = ValidationResultManager(input.outputDir)

            validationRunner = ValidationRunner(this, modelViewer, input.config, resultManager!!)
@@ -349,6 +182,9 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
            validationRunner?.generateGoldens = input.generateGoldens
            validationRunner?.start()

+            // Sync spinner in case it was called programmatically or changed implicitly
+            modeSpinner.setSelection(if (input.generateGoldens) 1 else 0)
+
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to start validation", e)
            statusTextView.text = "Error: ${e.message}"
@@ -360,12 +196,6 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
        choreographer.postFrameCallback(frameScheduler)
    }

-    override fun onNewIntent(intent: Intent) {
-        super.onNewIntent(intent)
-        setIntent(intent)
-        handleIntent()
-    }
-
    override fun onPause() {
        super.onPause()
        choreographer.removeFrameCallback(frameScheduler)
@@ -391,30 +221,13 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
            resultContainer.orientation = LinearLayout.VERTICAL
            resultContainer.setPadding(0, 10, 0, 20)

-            // Header Layout
-            val headerRow = LinearLayout(this)
-            headerRow.orientation = LinearLayout.HORIZONTAL
-            headerRow.gravity = android.view.Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL
-
-            // Status Icon + Name
-            val statusView = TextView(this)
-            val icon = if (result.passed) "✔" else "✖"
-
-            statusView.text = "$icon ${result.testName}"
-            statusView.setTextColor(
-                if (result.passed) Color.parseColor("#4CAF50") else Color.parseColor("#F44336")
-            )
-            statusView.textSize = 12f
-            statusView.setTypeface(null, android.graphics.Typeface.BOLD)
-            headerRow.addView(statusView)
-
-            // Diff Metric (only show if it's relevant/there's a diff or we just always show it like before)
-            val diffView = TextView(this)
-            diffView.text = "  (Diff: ${result.diffMetric})"
-            diffView.textSize = 12f
-            diffView.setTextColor(Color.GRAY)
-            headerRow.addView(diffView)
-            resultContainer.addView(headerRow)
+            // Header
+            val resultView = TextView(this)
+            resultView.text = "${result.testName}: ${if(result.passed) "PASS" else "FAIL"} (Diff: ${result.diffMetric})"
+            resultView.setTextColor(if(result.passed) Color.GREEN else Color.RED)
+            resultView.textSize = 16f
+            resultView.setTypeface(null, android.graphics.Typeface.BOLD)
+            resultContainer.addView(resultView)

            // Images Row
            val imagesRow = LinearLayout(this)
@@ -428,7 +241,7 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {

                    val labelView = TextView(this)
                    labelView.text = label
-                    labelView.textSize = 9f
+                    labelView.textSize = 12f
                    container.addView(labelView)

                    val iv = ImageView(this)
@@ -461,46 +274,7 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
    override fun onAllTestsFinished() {
        runOnUiThread {
            statusTextView.text = "All tests finished!"
-            Log.i(TAG, "All tests finished " + if (currentInput?.autoExport == true) "Exporting bundle" else "x")
-
-            if (currentInput?.autoExport == true) {
-                exportTestBundleAction()
-            }
-            if (currentInput?.autoExportResults == true) {
-                exportTestResultsAction()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun exportTestBundleAction() {
-        currentInput?.let { input ->
-            val timestamp = SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss", Locale.US).format(Date())
-            val rm = resultManager ?: ValidationResultManager(input.outputDir)
-            val zip = rm.exportTestBundle(input.config, timestamp)
-            if (zip != null) {
-                val msg = "Exported Bundle: ${zip.name}"
-                statusTextView.text = msg
-                Log.i(TAG, "Exported test bundle to ${zip.absolutePath}")
-            } else {
-                statusTextView.text = "Export Bundle failed"
-                Log.e(TAG, "Export Bundle failed")
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun exportTestResultsAction() {
-        currentInput?.let { input ->
-            val timestamp = SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss", Locale.US).format(Date())
-            val rm = resultManager ?: ValidationResultManager(input.outputDir)
-            val zip = rm.exportTestResults(input.sourceZip, timestamp)
-            if (zip != null) {
-                val msg = "Exported Results: ${zip.name}"
-                statusTextView.text = msg
-                Log.i(TAG, "Exported results to ${zip.absolutePath}")
-            } else {
-                statusTextView.text = "Export Results failed"
-                Log.e(TAG, "Export Results failed")
-            }
+            Log.i(TAG, "All tests finished")
        }
    }

@@ -527,3 +301,50 @@ class MainActivity : Activity(), ValidationRunner.Callback {
        }
    }
 }
+
+/*
+ * Scripts for reference:
+ *
+ * generate_goldens.sh:
+ * --------------------
+ * #!/bin/bash
+ * set -e
+ *
+ * # Config path (on device)
+ * CONFIG_PATH=$1
+ * if [ -z "$CONFIG_PATH" ]; then
+ *     echo "Usage: $0 <device_config_path>"
+ *     echo "Example: $0 /sdcard/Android/data/com.google.android.filament.validation/files/default_test.json"
+ *     exit 1
+ * fi
+ *
+ * echo "Starting Golden Generation for $CONFIG_PATH..."
+ * adb shell am force-stop com.google.android.filament.validation
+ * adb shell am start -n com.google.android.filament.validation/.MainActivity \
+ *     -e test_config "$CONFIG_PATH" \
+ *     --ez generate_goldens true
+ *
+ * echo "Check device or logcat for progress."
+ * echo "adb logcat -s FilamentValidation:I ValidationRunner:I"
+ * echo "To pull results: ./samples/sample-render-validation/pull_goldens.sh"
+ *
+ * pull_goldens.sh:
+ * ----------------
+ * #!/bin/bash
+ * set -e
+ *
+ * # Default destination is local golden directory relative to script
+ * SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd $(dirname $0); pwd)
+ * DEST_DIR=${1:-"$SCRIPT_DIR/golden"}
+ *
+ * echo "Pulling goldens to $DEST_DIR..."
+ * mkdir -p "$DEST_DIR"
+ *
+ * # Path on device
+ * DEVICE_GOLDEN_DIR="/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.google.android.filament.validation/files/golden/."
+ *
+ * adb pull "$DEVICE_GOLDEN_DIR" "$DEST_DIR"
+ *
+ * echo "Done."
+ * ls -l "$DEST_DIR"
+ */
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import java.io.File
 import java.io.FileOutputStream
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection
 import java.net.URL
-import java.util.zip.ZipFile

 /**
 * Handles the retrieval and preparation of test configuration and assets.
@@ -43,11 +42,7 @@ class ValidationInputManager(private val context: Context) {
    data class ValidationInput(
        val config: RenderTestConfig,
        val outputDir: File,
-        val generateGoldens: Boolean,
-        val autoRun: Boolean = false,
-        val autoExport: Boolean = false,
-        val autoExportResults: Boolean = false,
-        val sourceZip: File? = null
+        val generateGoldens: Boolean
    )

    /**
@@ -58,111 +53,22 @@ class ValidationInputManager(private val context: Context) {
        val testConfigPath = intent.getStringExtra("test_config")
        val urlConfig = intent.getStringExtra("url_config")
        val urlModelsBase = intent.getStringExtra("url_models_base")
-        val zipPath = intent.getStringExtra("zip_path")
        val generateGoldens = intent.getBooleanExtra("generate_goldens", false)
-        val autoRun = intent.getBooleanExtra("auto_run", false)
-        val autoExport = intent.getBooleanExtra("auto_export", false)
-        val autoExportResults = intent.getBooleanExtra("auto_export_results", false)
        val outputPath = intent.getStringExtra("output_path")

-        Log.i(TAG, "Resolving config with outputPath: $outputPath")
-
-        val baseDir = context.getExternalFilesDir(null) ?: context.filesDir
-        Log.i(TAG, "Base directory for resolution: ${baseDir.absolutePath}")
-        
-        val outputDir = if (!outputPath.isNullOrBlank()) {
-            val file = File(outputPath)
-            val resolved = if (file.isAbsolute) {
-                file
-            } else {
-                File(baseDir, outputPath)
-            }
-            
-            // Critical check: if resolved is root or very short, it's likely wrong
-            if (resolved.absolutePath == "/" || resolved.parent == null) {
-                Log.w(TAG, "Resolved outputDir is root ($resolved), defaulting to app-specific dir")
-                File(baseDir, "validation_results")
-            } else {
-                resolved
-            }
+        val outputDir = if (outputPath != null) {
+            File(outputPath).apply { mkdirs() }
        } else {
-            File(baseDir, "validation_results")
-        }
-        
-        if (!outputDir.exists() && !outputDir.mkdirs()) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to create outputDir: ${outputDir.absolutePath}")
-        }
-        Log.i(TAG, "Final outputDir: ${outputDir.absolutePath}")
-
-        val sourceZipFile = if (zipPath != null) {
-            val file = File(zipPath)
-            if (file.isAbsolute) {
-                file
-            } else {
-                File(baseDir, zipPath)
-            }
-        } else {
-            null
+            File(context.getExternalFilesDir(null), "validation_results").apply { mkdirs() }
        }

        val config = when {
-            sourceZipFile != null && sourceZipFile.exists() -> loadFromZip(sourceZipFile)
            urlConfig != null -> downloadConfig(urlConfig, urlModelsBase)
            testConfigPath != null -> ConfigParser.parseFromPath(testConfigPath)
            else -> extractDefaultAssets()
        }

-        return@withContext ValidationInput(config, outputDir, generateGoldens, autoRun, autoExport, autoExportResults, sourceZipFile)
-    }
-
-    suspend fun loadFromZip(zipFile: File): RenderTestConfig {
-        Log.i(TAG, "Unzipping validation bundle: ${zipFile.absolutePath}")
-        // Use a unique cache dir based on timestamp or just overwrite a common one
-        // Overwriting is safer to avoid filling up disk, but we must ensure we don't conflict with current run
-        val baseCacheDir = context.externalCacheDir ?: context.cacheDir
-        val cacheDir = File(baseCacheDir, "unzipped_validation")
-        if (cacheDir.exists()) cacheDir.deleteRecursively()
-        cacheDir.mkdirs()
-
-        Log.i(TAG, "Using cacheDir: ${cacheDir.absolutePath}")
-
-        ZipFile(zipFile).use { zip ->
-            val entries = zip.entries()
-            while (entries.hasMoreElements()) {
-                val entry = entries.nextElement()
-                val entryFile = File(cacheDir, entry.name)
-                // specific check to avoid zip slip vulnerability (though low risk here)
-                if (!entryFile.canonicalPath.startsWith(cacheDir.canonicalPath)) {
-                    throw SecurityException("Zip entry is outside of the target dir: ${entry.name}")
-                }
-                
-                if (entry.isDirectory) {
-                    entryFile.mkdirs()
-                } else {
-                    entryFile.parentFile?.mkdirs()
-                    zip.getInputStream(entry).use { input ->
-                         FileOutputStream(entryFile).use { output ->
-                             input.copyTo(output)
-                         }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        
-        // Find config.json
-        // We look for a file ending in .json within the unzipped structure
-        // Exclude results.json if it happened to be there
-        val jsonFiles = cacheDir.walkTopDown()
-            .filter { it.isFile && it.extension == "json" && it.name != "results.json" }
-            .toList()
-            
-        if (jsonFiles.isEmpty()) throw IllegalStateException("No config.json found in zip")
-        
-        // Prefer one named config.json or take the first one
-        val configFile = jsonFiles.find { it.name == "config.json" } ?: jsonFiles.first()
-
-        Log.i(TAG, "Parsed config from ${configFile.absolutePath}")
-        return ConfigParser.parseFromPath(configFile.absolutePath)
+        return@withContext ValidationInput(config, outputDir, generateGoldens)
    }

    private suspend fun extractDefaultAssets(): RenderTestConfig {
@@ -184,9 +90,9 @@ class ValidationInputManager(private val context: Context) {
        // Copy DamagedHelmet.glb
        val modelsDir = File(filesDir, "models")
        modelsDir.mkdirs()
-        val modelOut = File(modelsDir, "helmet.glb")
+        val modelOut = File(modelsDir, "DamagedHelmet.glb")

-        assetManager.open("models/helmet.glb").use { input ->
+        assetManager.open("DamagedHelmet.glb").use { input ->
            FileOutputStream(modelOut).use { output ->
                input.copyTo(output)
            }
@@ -67,201 +67,22 @@ class ValidationResultManager(private val outputDir: File) {
    fun finalizeResults(): File? {
        // Write results JSON
        writeResultsJson()
-        return null
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Exports a zip containing:
-     * - results.json
-     * - input test bundle (as nested zip), if provided
-     * - diff images (if any failure)
-     */
-    fun exportTestResults(sourceZip: File?, timestamp: String): File? {
-        // Safe parent dir resolution
-        val parentDir = outputDir.canonicalFile.parentFile ?: outputDir.parentFile
-        if (parentDir == null) return null
-
-        val resultZipName = "results_$timestamp"
-        val zipFile = File(parentDir, "$resultZipName.zip")
-
-        Log.i(TAG, "Exporting results to ${zipFile.absolutePath}")

+        // Zip results
+        val zipFile = File(outputDir, "results.zip")
        try {
            ZipOutputStream(FileOutputStream(zipFile)).use { zos ->
-                // 1. Add results.json
-                val resultsJson = File(outputDir, "results.json")
-                if (resultsJson.exists()) {
-                    zos.putNextEntry(ZipEntry("results.json"))
-                    resultsJson.inputStream().use { it.copyTo(zos) }
-                    zos.closeEntry()
-                }
-
-                // 2. Add source zip if exists
-                if (sourceZip != null && sourceZip.exists()) {
-                    zos.putNextEntry(ZipEntry(sourceZip.name))
-                    sourceZip.inputStream().use { it.copyTo(zos) }
-                    zos.closeEntry()
-                }
-
-                // 3. Add diff images (any file ending in _diff.png in outputDir)
-                outputDir.listFiles { _, name -> name.endsWith("_diff.png") }?.forEach { diffFile ->
-                    zos.putNextEntry(ZipEntry(diffFile.name))
-                    diffFile.inputStream().use { it.copyTo(zos) }
+                outputDir.walkTopDown().filter { it.isFile && it.name != "results.zip" }.forEach { file ->
+                    val entryName = file.relativeTo(outputDir).path
+                    zos.putNextEntry(ZipEntry(entryName))
+                    file.inputStream().use { it.copyTo(zos) }
                    zos.closeEntry()
                }
            }
-            Log.i(TAG, "Exported results to ${zipFile.absolutePath}")
+            Log.i(TAG, "Zipped results to ${zipFile.absolutePath}")
            return zipFile
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to export results", e)
-            return null
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Exports a zip bundle containing:
-     * - Modified config.json (with updated name and relative paths)
-     * - Models (in models/ subdirectory)
-     * - Golden images (in goldens/ subdirectory)
-     *
-     * Structure:
-     *   test_name_TIMESTAMP/
-     *     config.json
-     *     models/
-     *       model.glb
-     *     goldens/
-     *       test_result.png
-     */
-    fun exportTestBundle(config: RenderTestConfig, timestamp: String): File? {
-        Log.i(TAG, "Starting exportTestBundle for ${config.name} at $timestamp")
-        Log.i(TAG, "OutputDir: ${outputDir.absolutePath}")
-
-        val parentDir = outputDir.canonicalFile.parentFile ?: outputDir.parentFile
-        if (parentDir == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "OutputDir parent is null: ${outputDir.absolutePath}")
-            return null
-        }
-        Log.i(TAG, "Using parentDir for export: ${parentDir.absolutePath}")
-
-        val testNameWithTimestamp = "${config.name}_$timestamp"
-        val exportNameNoSpaces = testNameWithTimestamp.replace(" ", "_")
-
-        val exportDir = File(parentDir, "export_temp_$timestamp")
-
-        Log.i(TAG, "Creating export temp dir: ${exportDir.absolutePath}")
-        if (exportDir.exists()) exportDir.deleteRecursively()
-        if (!exportDir.mkdirs()) {
-             Log.e(TAG, "Failed to create export dir: ${exportDir.absolutePath}")
-             return null
-        }
-
-        val rootDir = File(exportDir, exportNameNoSpaces)
-        rootDir.mkdirs()
-
-        val modelsDir = File(rootDir, "models")
-        modelsDir.mkdirs()
-
-        val goldensDir = File(rootDir, "goldens")
-        goldensDir.mkdirs()
-
-        try {
-            // 1. Copy Models and update config map
-            val newModelsMap = mutableMapOf<String, String>()
-            Log.i(TAG, "Copying models...")
-            for ((modelName, modelPath) in config.models) {
-                val sourceFile = File(modelPath)
-                if (sourceFile.exists()) {
-                    val destFile = File(modelsDir, sourceFile.name)
-                    Log.d(TAG, "Copying model $modelName: $modelPath -> ${destFile.name}")
-                    sourceFile.copyTo(destFile, overwrite = true)
-                    // Use relative path for the new config
-                    newModelsMap[modelName] = "models/${sourceFile.name}"
-                } else {
-                    Log.w(TAG, "Model file not found: $modelPath")
-                }
-            }
-
-            // 2. Copy Golden Images
-            // We assume goldens are in outputDir with .png extension
-            Log.i(TAG, "Copying goldens from ${outputDir.absolutePath}...")
-            outputDir.listFiles { _, name -> name.endsWith(".png") }?.forEach { file ->
-                Log.d(TAG, "Copying golden: ${file.name}")
-                file.copyTo(File(goldensDir, file.name), overwrite = true)
-            }
-
-            // 3. Create modified config JSON
-            Log.i(TAG, "Creating config.json...")
-            val newConfigJson = JSONObject()
-            newConfigJson.put("name", testNameWithTimestamp) // Keep spaces in JSON name
-
-            // Reconstruct backends
-            val backendsArray = JSONArray()
-            config.backends.forEach { backendsArray.put(it) }
-            newConfigJson.put("backends", backendsArray)
-
-            // Reconstruct models
-            val modelsJson = JSONObject()
-            for ((k, v) in newModelsMap) {
-                modelsJson.put(k, v)
-            }
-            newConfigJson.put("models", modelsJson)
-
-            // Reconstruct tests
-            val testsArray = JSONArray()
-            for (test in config.tests) {
-                val testJson = JSONObject()
-                testJson.put("name", test.name)
-                if (test.description != null) testJson.put("description", test.description)
-
-                // Models for this test (set of strings)
-                val testModelsArray = JSONArray()
-                test.models.forEach { testModelsArray.put(it) }
-                testJson.put("models", testModelsArray)
-
-                // Rendering settings
-                testJson.put("rendering", test.rendering)
-
-                // Tolerance
-                if (test.tolerance != null) {
-                    testJson.put("tolerance", test.tolerance)
-                }
-
-                // Backends (optional override)
-                 val testBackends = JSONArray()
-                 test.backends.forEach { testBackends.put(it) }
-                 testJson.put("backends", testBackends)
-
-                testsArray.put(testJson)
-            }
-            newConfigJson.put("tests", testsArray)
-
-            // Write config.json
-            File(rootDir, "config.json").writeText(newConfigJson.toString(4))
-
-            // 4. Zip it
-            val zipFile = File(parentDir, "$exportNameNoSpaces.zip")
-            Log.i(TAG, "Zipping to ${zipFile.absolutePath}...")
-
-            ZipOutputStream(FileOutputStream(zipFile)).use { zos ->
-                rootDir.walkTopDown().forEach { file ->
-                    if (file.isFile) {
-                        val entryName = file.relativeTo(exportDir).path
-                        zos.putNextEntry(ZipEntry(entryName))
-                        file.inputStream().use { it.copyTo(zos) }
-                        zos.closeEntry()
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            // Cleanup temp dir
-            exportDir.deleteRecursively()
-
-            Log.i(TAG, "Exported test bundle to ${zipFile.absolutePath}")
-            return zipFile
-
-        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to export test bundle", e)
-            exportDir.deleteRecursively()
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to zip results", e)
            return null
        }
    }
@@ -41,13 +41,18 @@ class ValidationRunner(
    private var currentTestConfig: TestConfig? = null
    private var currentModelName: String? = null

+    private var loadStartFence: com.google.android.filament.Fence? = null
+    private var loadStartTime = 0L
    private var frameCounter = 0

    enum class State {
        IDLE,
+        LOADING_MODEL,
+        WAITING_FOR_FENCE,
        WAITING_FOR_RESOURCES,
        WARMUP,
-        RUNNING_TEST
+        RUNNING_TEST,
+        COMPARING
    }

    interface Callback {
@@ -88,6 +93,8 @@ class ValidationRunner(
            nextModel()
            return
        }
+
+        currentState = State.LOADING_MODEL
        callback?.onStatusChanged("Loading $modelName for ${currentTestConfig?.name}")

        // Load model on main thread (required by ModelViewer)
@@ -103,24 +110,51 @@ class ValidationRunner(
            Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Loading GLB buffer... (${bytes.size} bytes)")
            val buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes)
            modelViewer.loadModelGlb(buffer)
-            Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Model loaded.")
+            Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Model loaded. initializing fence.")
            modelViewer.transformToUnitCube()
-            currentState = State.WAITING_FOR_RESOURCES
-            frameCounter = 0
-            Log.i("ValidationRunner", "State set to WAITING_FOR_RESOURCES")
+            loadStartFence = modelViewer.engine.createFence()
+            loadStartTime = System.nanoTime()
+            currentState = State.WAITING_FOR_FENCE
+            frameCounter = 0 // Reset for fence timeout tracking
+            Log.i("ValidationRunner", "State set to WAITING_FOR_FENCE")
        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            Log.e("ValidationRunner", "Failed to load $path", e)
-            nextModel()
+             Log.e("ValidationRunner", "Failed to load $path", e)
+             nextModel()
        }
    }

    fun onFrame(frameTimeNanos: Long) {
        if (frameCounter % 60 == 0) {
-            Log.i("ValidationRunner", "onFrame: $currentState (frame: $frameCounter)")
+             Log.i("ValidationRunner", "onFrame: $currentState (frame: $frameCounter)")
        }

        when (currentState) {
            State.IDLE -> {}
+            State.WAITING_FOR_FENCE -> {
+                frameCounter++
+                if (frameCounter > 600) {
+                     Log.w("ValidationRunner", "Fence timed out after 600 frames! Forcing proceed.")
+                     modelViewer.engine.destroyFence(loadStartFence!!)
+                     loadStartFence = null
+                     currentState = State.WAITING_FOR_RESOURCES
+                     return
+                }
+
+                loadStartFence?.let { fence ->
+                     if (fence.wait(com.google.android.filament.Fence.Mode.FLUSH, 0) ==
+                            com.google.android.filament.Fence.FenceStatus.CONDITION_SATISFIED) {
+                         modelViewer.engine.destroyFence(fence)
+                         loadStartFence = null
+
+                         // Compile materials (simplified)
+                         modelViewer.scene.forEach { entity ->
+                             // ... existing material compilation logic ...
+                         }
+
+                         currentState = State.WAITING_FOR_RESOURCES
+                     }
+                }
+            }
            State.WAITING_FOR_RESOURCES -> {
                 val progress = modelViewer.progress
                 if (progress >= 1.0f) {
@@ -132,12 +166,12 @@ class ValidationRunner(
            State.WARMUP -> {
                frameCounter++
                if (frameCounter > 5) { // 5 frames warmup
-                    startAutomation()
+                     startAutomation()
                }
            }
            State.RUNNING_TEST -> {
-                // Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Running test...")
-                currentEngine?.let { engine ->
+                 // Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Running test...")
+                 currentEngine?.let { engine ->
                    val content = AutomationEngine.ViewerContent()
                    content.view = modelViewer.view
                    content.renderer = modelViewer.renderer
@@ -152,11 +186,13 @@ class ValidationRunner(
                    if (engine.shouldClose()) {
                        Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Finishing test (frames: $frameCounter)")
                        // Test finished (for this spec)
-                        currentState = State.IDLE
+                        currentState = State.COMPARING
                        captureAndCompare()
                    }
                }
            }
+            State.COMPARING -> {} // Busy
+            State.LOADING_MODEL -> {}
        }
    }

@@ -197,36 +233,7 @@ class ValidationRunner(

         // Golden path
         val modelFile = File(config.models.get(modelName)!!)
-         val modelParent = modelFile.parentFile!!
-
-         // Search for golden in:
-         // 1. ../golden/ (standard structure)
-         // 2. ../goldens/ (exported structure, sibling of models)
-         // 3. ./goldens/ (backup)
-
-         val searchPaths = mutableListOf<File>()
-         modelParent.parentFile?.let {
-             searchPaths.add(it.resolve("golden"))
-             searchPaths.add(it.resolve("goldens"))
-         }
-         searchPaths.add(modelParent.resolve("goldens"))
-
-         var goldenFile: File? = null
-         for (path in searchPaths) {
-             val f = path.resolve("${testFullName}.png")
-             if (f.exists()) {
-                 goldenFile = f
-                 break
-             }
-         }
-
-         if (goldenFile != null) {
-             Log.i("ValidationRunner", "Found golden at ${goldenFile.absolutePath}")
-         } else {
-             Log.w("ValidationRunner", "Golden not found for $testFullName. Searched in: ${searchPaths.joinToString { it.absolutePath }}")
-             // Fallback to old behavior for reference if everything else fails
-             goldenFile = modelParent.parentFile?.resolve("golden/${testFullName}.png") ?: File("nonexistent")
-         }
+         val goldenFile = modelFile.parentFile!!.parentFile!!.resolve("golden/${testFullName}.png")

         Thread {
             try {
@@ -238,15 +245,14 @@ class ValidationRunner(
                var diffMetric = 0f

                if (generateGoldens) {
-                    val targetGolden = goldenFile ?: modelParent.parentFile?.resolve("golden/${testFullName}.png") ?: File(modelParent, "golden/${testFullName}.png")
-                    targetGolden.parentFile?.mkdirs()
-                    FileOutputStream(targetGolden).use { out ->
+                    goldenFile.parentFile?.mkdirs()
+                    FileOutputStream(goldenFile).use { out ->
                        flipped.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, out)
                    }
                    passed = true // Generating goldens always passes if successful
                    callback?.onStatusChanged("Golden generated")
                } else {
-                    if (goldenFile != null && goldenFile.exists()) {
+                    if (goldenFile.exists()) {
                        val golden = android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeFile(goldenFile.absolutePath)
                        if (golden != null) {
                            callback?.onImageResult("Golden", golden)
@@ -267,7 +273,7 @@ class ValidationRunner(
                            callback?.onStatusChanged("Failed to load golden")
                        }
                    } else {
-                        Log.w("ValidationRunner", "Golden not found: ${goldenFile?.absolutePath}")
+                        Log.w("ValidationRunner", "Golden not found: ${goldenFile.absolutePath}")
                        callback?.onStatusChanged("Golden not found")
                    }
                }
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
+<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout 
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="1:1"
-        app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.6"
-        android:layout_marginTop="32dp"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent">
@@ -22,83 +20,10 @@
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    </FrameLayout>

-    <LinearLayout
-        android:id="@+id/controls_container"
-        android:layout_width="0dp"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:orientation="vertical"
-        android:paddingStart="20dp"
-        android:paddingEnd="20dp"
-        android:paddingTop="20dp"
-        android:paddingBottom="0dp"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/surface_container"
-        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent">
-
-        <TextView
-            android:id="@+id/status_text"
-            android:layout_width="match_parent"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:text="Initializing..."
-            android:textSize="12sp" />
-
-        <LinearLayout
-            android:layout_width="match_parent"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:orientation="vertical"
-            android:paddingTop="10dp"
-            android:paddingBottom="10dp">
-
-            <LinearLayout
-                android:layout_width="match_parent"
-                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-                android:orientation="horizontal"
-                android:gravity="center_vertical"
-                android:paddingBottom="8dp">
-
-                <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
-                    android:id="@+id/run_button"
-                    android:layout_width="0dp"
-                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-                    android:layout_weight="1"
-                    style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button"
-                    android:text="Run Test" />
-
-                <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
-                    android:id="@+id/load_button"
-                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-                    style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button.TonalButton"
-                    android:text="Load Test"
-                    android:layout_marginStart="8dp"/>
-
-                <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
-                    android:id="@+id/options_button"
-                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-                    style="@style/Widget.Material3.Button.IconButton.Outlined"
-                    app:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_more"
-                    android:contentDescription="More Options"
-                    android:layout_marginStart="8dp"/>
-            </LinearLayout>
-        </LinearLayout>
-
-        <TextView
-            android:id="@+id/test_results_header"
-            android:layout_width="match_parent"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:text="Test Results"
-            android:gravity="center"
-            android:textSize="14sp"
-            android:paddingTop="0dp"
-            android:paddingBottom="8dp" />
-
-    </LinearLayout>
-
    <ScrollView
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/controls_container"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/surface_container"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent">
@@ -107,9 +32,41 @@
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="vertical"
-            android:paddingStart="20dp"
-            android:paddingEnd="20dp"
-            android:paddingBottom="20dp">
+            android:padding="20dp">
+
+            <TextView
+                android:id="@+id/status_text"
+                android:layout_width="match_parent"
+                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+                android:text="Initializing..."
+                android:textSize="14sp" />
+
+            <LinearLayout
+                android:layout_width="match_parent"
+                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+                android:orientation="horizontal"
+                android:paddingTop="10dp"
+                android:paddingBottom="10dp">
+
+                <Spinner
+                    android:id="@+id/mode_spinner"
+                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+                    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
+
+                <Button
+                    android:id="@+id/run_button"
+                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+                    android:text="Run" />
+            </LinearLayout>
+
+            <TextView
+                android:layout_width="match_parent"
+                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+                android:text="Test Results"
+                android:textSize="18sp"
+                android:paddingTop="20dp"
+                android:paddingBottom="10dp" />

            <LinearLayout
                android:id="@+id/results_container"
@@ -117,6 +74,7 @@
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:orientation="vertical" />

+
        </LinearLayout>
    </ScrollView>

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
-    id 'com.google.android.filament-tools'
+    id 'filament-plugin'
 }

 project.ext.isSample = true
@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-// Filament tools plugin
-pluginManagement {
-    includeBuild 'gradle-plugin'
-}
-
 // Libraries
 include ':filament-android'
 include ':filamat-android'
@@ -235,9 +235,9 @@
      "license": "MIT"
    },
    "node_modules/minimatch": {
-      "version": "3.1.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.1.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-M2GCs7Vk83NxkUyQV1bkABc4yxgz9kILhHImZiBPAZ9ybuvCb0/H7lEl5XvIg3g+9d4eNotkZA5IWwYl0tibaA==",
+      "version": "3.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-J7p63hRiAjw1NDEww1W7i37+ByIrOWO5XQQAzZ3VOcL0PNybwpfmV/N05zFAzwQ9USyEcX6t3UO+K5aqBQOIHw==",
      "dependencies": {
        "brace-expansion": "^1.1.7"
      },
@@ -429,9 +429,9 @@
      "integrity": "sha512-nGqtvLrj5w0naR6tDPfB4cUmYCqouzyQiz6C5y/LtcDllJdrcc6WaWW6iXyIIOErTa/XRybj28aasdn4LkVk6Q=="
    },
    "minimatch": {
-      "version": "3.1.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.1.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-M2GCs7Vk83NxkUyQV1bkABc4yxgz9kILhHImZiBPAZ9ybuvCb0/H7lEl5XvIg3g+9d4eNotkZA5IWwYl0tibaA==",
+      "version": "3.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-J7p63hRiAjw1NDEww1W7i37+ByIrOWO5XQQAzZ3VOcL0PNybwpfmV/N05zFAzwQ9USyEcX6t3UO+K5aqBQOIHw==",
      "requires": {
        "brace-expansion": "^1.1.7"
      }
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ important for <code>matc</code> (material compiler).</p>
 }

 dependencies {
-    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.69.5'
+    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.69.2'
 }
 </code></pre>
 <p>Here are all the libraries available in the group <code>com.google.android.filament</code>:</p>
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ dependencies {
 </div>
 <h3 id="ios"><a class="header" href="#ios">iOS</a></h3>
 <p>iOS projects can use CocoaPods to install the latest release:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-shell">pod 'Filament', '~&gt; 1.69.5'
+<pre><code class="language-shell">pod 'Filament', '~&gt; 1.69.2'
 </code></pre>
 <h2 id="documentation"><a class="header" href="#documentation">Documentation</a></h2>
 <ul>
@@ -225,10 +225,9 @@ into <strong>branch</strong> of <code>filament-assets</code>. This branch is pai
 <code>filament</code> repo.</p>
 <p>As an example, imagine I am working on a PR, and I've uploaded my change, which is in a
 branch called <code>my-pr-branch</code>, to <code>filament</code>. This PR requires updating the golden. We would do
-it in the following fashion on a macOS machine:</p>
+it in the following fashion</p>
 <h3 id="using-a-script-to-update-the-golden-repo"><a class="header" href="#using-a-script-to-update-the-golden-repo">Using a script to update the golden repo</a></h3>
 <ul>
-<li>Make sure you've completed the steps in 'Setting up python'</li>
 <li>Run interactive mode in the <code>update_golden.py</code> script.
 <pre><code>python3 test/renderdiff/src/update_golden.py
 </code></pre>
@@ -264,27 +263,6 @@ branch of the golden repo (i.e. <code>my-pr-branch-golden</code>).</li>
 <li>If the PR is merged, then there is another workflow that will merge <code>my-pr-branch-golden</code>
 to the <code>main</code> branch of the golden repo.</li>
 </ul>
-<h3 id="automated-update-via-commit-message"><a class="header" href="#automated-update-via-commit-message">Automated update via commit message</a></h3>
-<p>Alternatively, if you are confident in your changes and want the CI to handle the update
-for you, you can use the following tag in your commit message:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>In the commit message of your working branch on <code>filament</code>, add the following line:
-<pre><code>RDIFF_ACCEPT_NEW_GOLDENS
-</code></pre>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>This has the following effects:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>The presubmit test <code>test-renderdiff</code> will be bypassed (it will not perform rendering or
-comparison).</li>
-<li>When the PR is merged, the postsubmit CI will automatically:
-<ol>
-<li>Build Filament and generate the new images.</li>
-<li>Upload them to a temporary branch in <code>filament-assets</code>.</li>
-<li>Merge that branch into <code>main</code>.</li>
-</ol>
-</li>
-</ul>
 <h2 id="viewing-test-results"><a class="header" href="#viewing-test-results">Viewing test results</a></h2>
 <p>We provide a viewer for looking at the result of a test run. The viewer is a webapp that can
 be used by pointing your browser to a localhost port. If you input the viewer with a PR or a
@@ -504,9 +504,9 @@ D_{GGX}(h,\alpha) = \frac{\aa}{\pi ( (\NoH)^2 (\aa - 1) + 1)^2}
 \end{equation}$$
 </p><p>
 The GLSL implementation of the NDF, shown in <a href="#listing_speculard">listing&nbsp;1</a>, is simple and efficient.
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">D_GGX</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoH, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> roughness)</span> </span>{</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a = NoH * roughness;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> k = roughness / (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - NoH * NoH + a * a);</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">D_GGX</span>(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> NoH, <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> roughness</span>)</span> {</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> a = NoH * roughness;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> k = roughness / (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - NoH * NoH + a * a);</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> k * k * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> / PI);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_speculard">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;1:</b> Implementation of the specular D term in GLSL</div></center>
 <p>
@@ -590,10 +590,10 @@ V(v,l,\alpha) = \frac{0.5}{\NoL \sqrt{(\NoV)^2 (1 - \aa) + \aa} + \NoV \sqrt{(\N
 \end{equation}$$
 </p><p>
 The GLSL implementation of the visibility term, shown in <a href="#listing_specularv">listing&nbsp;3</a>, is a bit more expensive than we would like since it requires two <code>sqrt</code> operations.
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">V_SmithGGXCorrelated</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoV, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoL, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> roughness)</span> </span>{</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a2 = roughness * roughness;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> GGXV = NoL * <span class="hljs-built_in">sqrt</span>(NoV * NoV * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - a2) + a2);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> GGXL = NoV * <span class="hljs-built_in">sqrt</span>(NoL * NoL * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - a2) + a2);</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">V_SmithGGXCorrelated</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> NoV, <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> NoL, <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> roughness)</span> </span>{</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> a2 = roughness * roughness;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> GGXV = NoL * <span class="hljs-built_in">sqrt</span>(NoV * NoV * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - a2) + a2);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> GGXL = NoV * <span class="hljs-built_in">sqrt</span>(NoL * NoL * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - a2) + a2);</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span> / (GGXV + GGXL);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_specularv">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;3:</b> Implementation of the specular V term in GLSL</div></center>
 <p>
@@ -604,10 +604,10 @@ V(v,l,\alpha) = \frac{0.5}{\NoL (\NoV (1 - \alpha) + \alpha) + \NoV (\NoL (1 - \
 \end{equation}$$
 </p><p>
 This approximation is mathematically wrong but saves two square root operations and is good enough for real-time mobile applications, as shown in <a href="#listing_approximatedspecularv">listing&nbsp;4</a>.
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">V_SmithGGXCorrelatedFast</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoV, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoL, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> roughness)</span> </span>{</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a = roughness;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> GGXV = NoL * (NoV * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - a) + a);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> GGXL = NoV * (NoL * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - a) + a);</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">V_SmithGGXCorrelatedFast</span>(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> NoV, <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> NoL, <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> roughness</span>)</span> {</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> a = roughness;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> GGXV = NoL * (NoV * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - a) + a);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> GGXL = NoV * (NoL * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - a) + a);</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span> / (GGXV + GGXL);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_approximatedspecularv">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;4:</b> Implementation of the approximated specular V term in GLSL</div></center>
 <p>
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ $$\begin{equation}
 \end{equation}$$
 </p><p>
 In practice, the diffuse reflectance \(\sigma\) is multiplied later, as shown in <a href="#listing_diffusebrdf">listing&nbsp;8</a>.
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">Fd_Lambert</span>()</span> {</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">Fd_Lambert</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>)</span> {</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> / PI;</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
@@ -680,14 +680,14 @@ Where:
 $$\begin{equation}
 \fGrazing=0.5 + 2 \cdot \alpha cos^2(\theta_d)
 \end{equation}$$
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">F_Schlick</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> u, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> f0, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> f90)</span> {</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> f0 + (f90 - f0) * pow(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - u, <span class="hljs-number">5.0</span>);</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">F_Schlick</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> u, <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> f0, <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> f90)</span> </span>{</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> f0 + (f90 - f0) * <span class="hljs-built_in">pow</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - u, <span class="hljs-number">5.0</span>);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">Fd_Burley</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoV, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoL, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> LoH, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> roughness)</span> {</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">f90</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span> + <span class="hljs-number">2.0</span> * roughness * LoH * LoH;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">lightScatter</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> F_Schlick(NoL, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>, f90);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">viewScatter</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> F_Schlick(NoV, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>, f90);</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">Fd_Burley</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> NoV, <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> NoL, <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> LoH, <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> roughness)</span> </span>{</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> f90 = <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span> + <span class="hljs-number">2.0</span> * roughness * LoH * LoH;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> lightScatter = F_Schlick(NoL, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>, f90);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> viewScatter = F_Schlick(NoV, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>, f90);</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> lightScatter * viewScatter * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> / PI);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_diffusebrdf">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;8:</b> Implementation of the diffuse Disney BRDF in GLSL</div></center>
 <p>
@@ -704,47 +704,47 @@ We could allow artists/developers to choose the Disney diffuse BRDF depending on
 <strong class="asterisk">Diffuse term</strong>: a Lambertian diffuse model.
 </p><p>
 The full GLSL implementation of the standard model is shown in <a href="#listing_glslbrdf">listing&nbsp;9</a>.
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">D_GGX</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoH, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a)</span> {</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">a2</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> a * a;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">f</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> (NoH * a2 - NoH) * NoH + <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>;</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> D_GGX(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoH, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a) {</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a2 = a * a;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> f = (NoH * a2 - NoH) * NoH + <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>;</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> a2 / (PI * f * f);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line">vec3 <span class="hljs-title function_">F_Schlick</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> u, vec3 f0)</span> {</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> f0 + (vec3(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>) - f0) * pow(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - u, <span class="hljs-number">5.0</span>);</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">vec3</span> F_Schlick(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> u, <span class="hljs-type">vec3</span> f0) {</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> f0 + (<span class="hljs-type">vec3</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>) - f0) * <span class="hljs-built_in">pow</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - u, <span class="hljs-number">5.0</span>);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">V_SmithGGXCorrelated</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoV, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoL, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a)</span> {</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">a2</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> a * a;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">GGXL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> NoV * sqrt((-NoL * a2 + NoL) * NoL + a2);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">GGXV</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> NoL * sqrt((-NoV * a2 + NoV) * NoV + a2);</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> V_SmithGGXCorrelated(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoV, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoL, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a) {</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a2 = a * a;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> GGXL = NoV * <span class="hljs-built_in">sqrt</span>((-NoL * a2 + NoL) * NoL + a2);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> GGXV = NoL * <span class="hljs-built_in">sqrt</span>((-NoV * a2 + NoV) * NoV + a2);</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span> / (GGXV + GGXL);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">Fd_Lambert</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> {</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> Fd_Lambert() {</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> / PI;</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">BRDF</span><span class="hljs-params">(...)</span> {</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">vec3</span> <span class="hljs-variable">h</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> normalize(v + l);</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">void</span> BRDF(...) {</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">vec3</span> h = <span class="hljs-built_in">normalize</span>(v + l);</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">NoV</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> abs(dot(n, v)) + <span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">NoL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> clamp(dot(n, l), <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">NoH</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> clamp(dot(n, h), <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">LoH</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> clamp(dot(l, h), <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoV = <span class="hljs-built_in">abs</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">dot</span>(n, v)) + <span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoL = <span class="hljs-built_in">clamp</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">dot</span>(n, l), <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoH = <span class="hljs-built_in">clamp</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">dot</span>(n, h), <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> LoH = <span class="hljs-built_in">clamp</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">dot</span>(l, h), <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>);</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// perceptually linear roughness to roughness (see parameterization)</span></span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">roughness</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> perceptualRoughness * perceptualRoughness;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> roughness = perceptualRoughness * perceptualRoughness;</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">D</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> D_GGX(NoH, roughness);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">vec3</span>  <span class="hljs-variable">F</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> F_Schlick(LoH, f0);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">V</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> V_SmithGGXCorrelated(NoV, NoL, roughness);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> D = D_GGX(NoH, roughness);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">vec3</span>  F = F_Schlick(LoH, f0);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> V = V_SmithGGXCorrelated(NoV, NoL, roughness);</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// specular BRDF</span></span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">vec3</span> <span class="hljs-variable">Fr</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> (D * V) * F;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">vec3</span> Fr = (D * V) * F;</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// diffuse BRDF</span></span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">vec3</span> <span class="hljs-variable">Fd</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> diffuseColor * Fd_Lambert();</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">vec3</span> Fd = diffuseColor * Fd_Lambert();</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// apply lighting...</span></span>
 <span class="line">}</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_glslbrdf">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;9:</b> Evaluation of the BRDF in GLSL</div></center>
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ $$\begin{equation}
 \end{equation}$$
 </p><p>
 <a href="#listing_fnormal">Listing&nbsp;12</a> shows how \(\fNormal\) is computed for both dielectric and metallic materials. It shows that the color of the specular reflectance is derived from the base color in the metallic case.
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-symbol">vec3</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">f0</span> = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">16</span> * reflectance * reflectance * (<span class="hljs-number">1</span>.<span class="hljs-number">0</span> - metallic) + baseColor * metallic<span class="hljs-comment">;</span></span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_fnormal">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;12:</b> Computing \(\fNormal\) for dielectric and metallic materials in GLSL</div></center>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line">vec3 f0 = 0.16 <span class="hljs-emphasis">* reflectance *</span> reflectance <span class="hljs-emphasis">* (1.0 - metallic) + baseColor *</span> metallic;</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_fnormal">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;12:</b> Computing \(\fNormal\) for dielectric and metallic materials in GLSL</div></center>
 <a class="target" name="roughnessremappingandclamping">&nbsp;</a><a class="target" name="materialsystem/parameterization/remapping/roughnessremappingandclamping">&nbsp;</a><a class="target" name="toc4.8.3.3">&nbsp;</a><h4 id="roughness-remapping-and-clamping"><a class="header" href="#roughness-remapping-and-clamping">Roughness remapping and clamping</a></h4>
 <p>
 <p>The roughness set by the user, called <code>perceptualRoughness</code> here, is remapped to a perceptually linear range using the following formulation:</p>
@@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ V(l,h) = \frac{1}{4(\LoH)^2}
 This masking-shadowing function is not physically based, as shown in [<a href="#citation-heitz14">Heitz14</a>], but its simplicity makes it desirable for real-time rendering.
 </p><p>
 In summary, our clear coat BRDF is a Cook-Torrance specular microfacet model, with a GGX normal distribution function, a Kelemen visibility function, and a Schlick Fresnel function. <a href="#listing_kelemen">Listing&nbsp;13</a> shows how trivial the GLSL implementation is.
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">V_Kelemen</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> LoH)</span> </span>{</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">V_Kelemen</span>(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> LoH</span>)</span> {</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.25</span> / (LoH * LoH);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_kelemen">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;13:</b> Implementation of the Kelemen visibility term in GLSL</div></center>
 <p>
@@ -1097,18 +1097,18 @@ The clear coat roughness parameter is remapped and clamped in a similar way to t
 <center><div class="image" style=""><a href="../images/material_clear_coat2.png" target="_blank"><img class="markdeep" src="../images/material_clear_coat2.png" /></a><center><span class="imagecaption"><a class="target" name="figure_clearcoatroughness">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Figure&nbsp;26:</b> Clear coat roughness varying from 0.0 (left) to 1.0 (right) with metallic set to 1.0, roughness to 0.8 and clear coat to 1.0</span></center></div></center>
 </p><p>
 <a href="#listing_clearcoatbrdf">Listing&nbsp;14</a> shows the GLSL implementation of the clear coat material model after remapping, parameterization and integration in the standard surface response.
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">BRDF</span><span class="hljs-params">(...)</span> </span>{</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">BRDF</span>(<span class="hljs-params">...</span>)</span> {</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// compute Fd and Fr from standard model</span></span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// remapping and linearization of clear coat roughness</span></span>
-<span class="line">    clearCoatPerceptualRoughness = <span class="hljs-built_in">clamp</span>(clearCoatPerceptualRoughness, <span class="hljs-number">0.089</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>);</span>
+<span class="line">    clearCoatPerceptualRoughness = clamp(clearCoatPerceptualRoughness, <span class="hljs-number">0.089</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>);</span>
 <span class="line">    clearCoatRoughness = clearCoatPerceptualRoughness * clearCoatPerceptualRoughness;</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// clear coat BRDF</span></span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span>  Dc = <span class="hljs-built_in">D_GGX</span>(clearCoatRoughness, NoH);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span>  Vc = <span class="hljs-built_in">V_Kelemen</span>(clearCoatRoughness, LoH);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span>  Fc = <span class="hljs-built_in">F_Schlick</span>(<span class="hljs-number">0.04</span>, LoH) * clearCoat; <span class="hljs-comment">// clear coat strength</span></span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> Frc = (Dc * Vc) * Fc;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span>  Dc = D_GGX(clearCoatRoughness, NoH);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span>  Vc = V_Kelemen(clearCoatRoughness, LoH);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span>  Fc = F_Schlick(<span class="hljs-number">0.04</span>, LoH) * clearCoat; <span class="hljs-comment">// clear coat strength</span></span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> Frc = (Dc * Vc) * Fc;</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// account for energy loss in the base layer</span></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> color * ((Fd + Fr * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - Fc)) * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - Fc) + Frc);</span>
@@ -1294,14 +1294,14 @@ f_{r}(v,h,\alpha) = \frac{D_{velvet}(v,h,\alpha)}{4(\NoL + \NoV - (\NoL)(\NoV))}
 \end{equation}$$
 </p><p>
 The implementation of the velvet NDF is presented in <a href="#listing_clothbrdf">listing&nbsp;17</a>, optimized to properly fit in half float formats and to avoid computing a costly cotangent, relying instead on trigonometric identities. Note that we removed the Fresnel component from this BRDF.
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">D_Ashikhmin</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> roughness, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoH)</span> </span>{</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line">float D_Ashikhmin(float roughness, float NoH) {</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// Ashikhmin 2007, &quot;Distribution-based BRDFs&quot;</span></span>
-<span class="line"> <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a2 = roughness * roughness;</span>
-<span class="line"> <span class="hljs-type">float</span> cos2h = NoH * NoH;</span>
-<span class="line"> <span class="hljs-type">float</span> sin2h = <span class="hljs-built_in">max</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - cos2h, <span class="hljs-number">0.0078125</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 2^(-14/2), so sin2h^2 &gt; 0 in fp16</span></span>
-<span class="line"> <span class="hljs-type">float</span> sin4h = sin2h * sin2h;</span>
-<span class="line"> <span class="hljs-type">float</span> cot2 = -cos2h / (a2 * sin2h);</span>
-<span class="line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> / (PI * (<span class="hljs-number">4.0</span> * a2 + <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>) * sin4h) * (<span class="hljs-number">4.0</span> * <span class="hljs-built_in">exp</span>(cot2) + sin4h);</span>
+<span class="line"> float a<span class="hljs-number">2</span> = roughness * roughness;</span>
+<span class="line"> float <span class="hljs-keyword">cos</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span>h = NoH * NoH;</span>
+<span class="line"> float <span class="hljs-keyword">sin</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span>h = <span class="hljs-keyword">max</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - <span class="hljs-keyword">cos</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span>h, <span class="hljs-number">0.0078125</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 2^(-14/2), so sin2h^2 &gt; 0 in fp16</span></span>
+<span class="line"> float <span class="hljs-keyword">sin</span><span class="hljs-number">4</span>h = <span class="hljs-keyword">sin</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span>h * <span class="hljs-keyword">sin</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span>h;</span>
+<span class="line"> float cot<span class="hljs-number">2</span> = -<span class="hljs-keyword">cos</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span>h / (a<span class="hljs-number">2</span> * <span class="hljs-keyword">sin</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span>h);</span>
+<span class="line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> / (PI * (<span class="hljs-number">4.0</span> * a<span class="hljs-number">2</span> + <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>) * <span class="hljs-keyword">sin</span><span class="hljs-number">4</span>h) * (<span class="hljs-number">4.0</span> * exp(cot<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) + <span class="hljs-keyword">sin</span><span class="hljs-number">4</span>h);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_clothbrdf">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;17:</b> Implementation of Ashikhmin's velvet NDF in GLSL</div></center>
 <p>
 <p>In [<a href="#citation-estevez17">Estevez17</a>] Estevez and Kulla propose a different NDF (called the “Charlie” sheen) that is based on an exponentiated sinusoidal instead of an inverted Gaussian. This NDF is appealing for several reasons: its parameterization feels more natural and intuitive, it provides a softer appearance and, as shown in equation (\ref{charlieNDF}), its implementation is simpler:</p>
@@ -1312,11 +1312,11 @@ D(m) = \frac{(2 + \frac{1}{\alpha}) sin(\theta)^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}}{2 \pi}
 </p><p>
 [<a href="#citation-estevez17">Estevez17</a>] also presents a new shadowing term that we omit here because of its cost. We instead rely on the visibility term from [<a href="#citation-neubelt13">Neubelt13</a>] (shown in equation \(\ref{clothSpecularBRDF}\) above).
 The implementation of this NDF is presented in <a href="#listing_clothcharliebrdf">listing&nbsp;18</a>, optimized to properly fit in half float formats.
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">D_Charlie</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> roughness, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoH)</span> </span>{</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">D_Charlie</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> roughness, <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> NoH)</span> </span>{</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// Estevez and Kulla 2017, &quot;Production Friendly Microfacet Sheen BRDF&quot;</span></span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> invAlpha  = <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> / roughness;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> cos2h = NoH * NoH;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> sin2h = <span class="hljs-built_in">max</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - cos2h, <span class="hljs-number">0.0078125</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 2^(-14/2), so sin2h^2 &gt; 0 in fp16</span></span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> invAlpha  = <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> / roughness;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> cos2h = NoH * NoH;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> sin2h = max(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - cos2h, <span class="hljs-number">0.0078125</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 2^(-14/2), so sin2h^2 &gt; 0 in fp16</span></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> (<span class="hljs-number">2.0</span> + invAlpha) * <span class="hljs-built_in">pow</span>(sin2h, invAlpha * <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>) / (<span class="hljs-number">2.0</span> * PI);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_clothcharliebrdf">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;18:</b> Implementation of the &ldquo;Charlie&rdquo; NDF in GLSL</div></center>
 <a class="target" name="sheencolor">&nbsp;</a><a class="target" name="materialsystem/clothmodel/clothspecularbrdf/sheencolor">&nbsp;</a><a class="target" name="toc4.12.1.1">&nbsp;</a><h4 id="sheen-color"><a class="header" href="#sheen-color">Sheen color</a></h4>
@@ -1745,21 +1745,21 @@ The photometric attenuation function can be easily implemented in GLSL by adding
 <span class="line">}</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_glslphotometricpunctuallight">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;22:</b> Implementation of attenuation from photometric profiles in GLSL</div></center>
 <p>
 <p>The light intensity is computed CPU-side (<a href="#listing_photometriclightintensity">listing 23</a>) and depends on whether the photometric profile is used as a mask.</p>
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> multiplier;</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> multiplier;</span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// Photometric profile used as a mask</span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (photometricLight.<span class="hljs-built_in">isMasked</span>()) {</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (photometricLight.isMasked()) {</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// The desired intensity is set by the artist</span></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// The integrated intensity comes from a Monte-Carlo</span></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// integration over the unit sphere around the luminaire</span></span>
-<span class="line">    multiplier = photometricLight.<span class="hljs-built_in">getDesiredIntensity</span>() /</span>
-<span class="line">            photometricLight.<span class="hljs-built_in">getIntegratedIntensity</span>();</span>
+<span class="line">    multiplier = photometricLight.getDesiredIntensity() /</span>
+<span class="line">            photometricLight.getIntegratedIntensity();</span>
 <span class="line">} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// Multiplier provided for convenience, set to 1.0 by default</span></span>
-<span class="line">    multiplier = photometricLight.<span class="hljs-built_in">getMultiplier</span>();</span>
+<span class="line">    multiplier = photometricLight.getMultiplier();</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// The max intensity in cd comes from the IES profile</span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> lightIntensity = photometricLight.<span class="hljs-built_in">getMaxIntensity</span>() * multiplier;</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_photometriclightintensity">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;23:</b> Computing the intensity of a photometric light on the CPU</div></center>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> lightIntensity = photometricLight.getMaxIntensity() * multiplier;</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_photometriclightintensity">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;23:</b> Computing the intensity of a photometric light on the CPU</div></center>
 <p>
 <div class="endnote"><a class="target" name="endnote-xarrowintensity">&nbsp;</a><sup>4</sup> The XArrow profile declares a luminous intensity of 1,750 lm but a Monte-Carlo integration shows an intensity of only 350 lm.
 </div>
@@ -2058,19 +2058,19 @@ In practice only 4 or 9 coefficients (i.e.: 2 or 3 bands) are enough for \(\cosT
 <center><div class="image" style=""><a href="../images/ibl/ibl_irradiance_sh2.png" target="_blank"><img class="markdeep" src="../images/ibl/ibl_irradiance_sh2.png" style="max-width:100%;" /></a><center><span class="imagecaption"><a class="target" name="figure_iblsh2">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Figure&nbsp;52:</b> 2 bands (4 coefficients)</span></center></div></center>
 </p><p>
 In practice we pre-convolve \(\Lt\) with \(\cosTheta\) and pre-scale these coefficients by the basis scaling factors \(K_l^m\) so that the reconstruction code is as simple as possible in the shader:
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line">vec3 irradianceSH(vec3 n) {</span>
-<span class="line">    // uniform vec3 sphericalHarmonics<span class="hljs-selector-attr">[9]</span></span>
-<span class="line">    // We can <span class="hljs-selector-tag">use</span> only the first <span class="hljs-number">2</span> bands for better performance</span>
-<span class="line">    return</span>
-<span class="line">          sphericalHarmonics<span class="hljs-selector-attr">[0]</span></span>
-<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics<span class="hljs-selector-attr">[1]</span> * (n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.y</span>)</span>
-<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics<span class="hljs-selector-attr">[2]</span> * (n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.z</span>)</span>
-<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics<span class="hljs-selector-attr">[3]</span> * (n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.x</span>)</span>
-<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics<span class="hljs-selector-attr">[4]</span> * (n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.y</span> * n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.x</span>)</span>
-<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics<span class="hljs-selector-attr">[5]</span> * (n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.y</span> * n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.z</span>)</span>
-<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics<span class="hljs-selector-attr">[6]</span> * (<span class="hljs-number">3.0</span> * n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.z</span> * n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.z</span> - <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>)</span>
-<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics<span class="hljs-selector-attr">[7]</span> * (n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.z</span> * n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.x</span>)</span>
-<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics<span class="hljs-selector-attr">[8]</span> * (n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.x</span> * n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.x</span> - n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.y</span> * n<span class="hljs-selector-class">.y</span>);</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line">vec3 <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">irradianceSH</span>(<span class="hljs-params">vec3 n</span>)</span> {</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// uniform vec3 sphericalHarmonics[9]</span></span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// We can use only the first 2 bands for better performance</span></span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span>
+<span class="line">          sphericalHarmonics[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]</span>
+<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>] * (n.y)</span>
+<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>] * (n.z)</span>
+<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics[<span class="hljs-number">3</span>] * (n.x)</span>
+<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics[<span class="hljs-number">4</span>] * (n.y * n.x)</span>
+<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics[<span class="hljs-number">5</span>] * (n.y * n.z)</span>
+<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics[<span class="hljs-number">6</span>] * (<span class="hljs-number">3.0</span> * n.z * n.z - <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>)</span>
+<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics[<span class="hljs-number">7</span>] * (n.z * n.x)</span>
+<span class="line">        + sphericalHarmonics[<span class="hljs-number">8</span>] * (n.x * n.x - n.y * n.y);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_irradiancesh">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;26:</b> GLSL code to reconstruct the irradiance from the pre-scaled SH</div></center>
 <p>
 <p>Note that with 2 bands, the computation above becomes a single (4 \times 4) matrix-by-vector multiply.</p>
@@ -2443,7 +2443,7 @@ LD(n, \alpha)                                   &=      \frac{\sum_i^N V(l_i, n,
 $$
 </p><p>
 These two new \(DFG\) terms simply need to replace the ones used in the implementation shown in section  <a href="#toc9.5">9.5</a>:
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> Fc = <span class="hljs-built_in">pow</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> - VoH, <span class="hljs-number">5.0f</span>);</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> Fc = <span class="hljs-built_in">pow</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> - VoH, <span class="hljs-number">5.0f</span>);</span>
 <span class="line">r.x += Gv * Fc;</span>
 <span class="line">r.y += Gv;</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_multiscatteriblpreintegration">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;29:</b> C++ implementation of the \(L_{DFG}\) term for multiscattering</div></center>
 <p>
@@ -2507,11 +2507,11 @@ using an environment made of colored vertical stripes (skybox hidden).</span></c
 <p>
 <p>When sampling the IBL, the clear coat layer is calculated as a second specular lobe. This specular lobe is oriented along the view direction since we cannot reasonably integrate over the hemisphere. <a href="#listing_clearcoatibl">Listing 31</a> demonstrates this approximation in practice. It also shows the energy conservation step. It is important to note that this second specular lobe is computed exactly the same way as the main specular lobe, using the same DFG approximation.</p>
 </p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// clearCoat_NoV == shading_NoV if the clear coat layer doesn&#x27;t have its own normal map</span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> Fc = <span class="hljs-built_in">F_Schlick</span>(<span class="hljs-number">0.04</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>, clearCoat_NoV) * clearCoat;</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> Fc = F_Schlick(<span class="hljs-number">0.04</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>, clearCoat_NoV) * clearCoat;</span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// base layer attenuation for energy compensation</span></span>
 <span class="line">iblDiffuse  *= <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - Fc;</span>
-<span class="line">iblSpecular *= <span class="hljs-built_in">sq</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - Fc);</span>
-<span class="line">iblSpecular += <span class="hljs-built_in">specularIBL</span>(r, clearCoatPerceptualRoughness) * Fc;</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_clearcoatibl">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;31:</b> GLSL implementation of the clear coat specular lobe for image-based lighting</div></center>
+<span class="line">iblSpecular *= sq(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> - Fc);</span>
+<span class="line">iblSpecular += specularIBL(r, clearCoatPerceptualRoughness) * Fc;</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_clearcoatibl">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;31:</b> GLSL implementation of the clear coat specular lobe for image-based lighting</div></center>
 <a class="target" name="anisotropy">&nbsp;</a><a class="target" name="lighting/imagebasedlights/anisotropy">&nbsp;</a><a class="target" name="toc5.3.6">&nbsp;</a><h3 id="anisotropy"><a class="header" href="#anisotropy">Anisotropy </a></h3>
 <p>
 <p>[<a href="#citation-mcauley15">McAuley15</a>] describes a technique called “bent reflection vector”, based [<a href="#citation-revie12">Revie12</a>]. The bent reflection vector is a rough approximation of anisotropic lighting but the alternative is to use importance sampling. This approximation is sufficiently cheap to compute and provides good results, as shown in <a href="#figure_anisotropicibl1">figure 59</a> and <a href="#figure_anisotropicibl2">figure 60</a>.</p>
@@ -2550,17 +2550,17 @@ The DG term is generated using uniform sampling as recommended in [<a href="#cit
 <center><div class="image" style=""><a href="../images/ibl/dfg_cloth.png" target="_blank"><img class="markdeep" src="../images/ibl/dfg_cloth.png" /></a><center><span class="imagecaption"><a class="target" name="figure_dfgclothlut">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Figure&nbsp;62:</b> DFG LUT with a 3rd channel encoding the DG term of the cloth BRDF</span></center></div></center>
 </p><p>
 The remainder of the image-based lighting implementation follows the same steps as the implementation of regular lights, including the optional subsurface scattering term and its wrap diffuse component. Just as with the clear coat IBL implementation, we cannot integrate over the hemisphere and use the view direction as the dominant light direction to compute the wrap diffuse component.
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> diffuse = <span class="hljs-built_in">Fd_Lambert</span>() * ambientOcclusion;</span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> defined(SHADING_MODEL_CLOTH)</span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> defined(MATERIAL_HAS_SUBSURFACE_COLOR)</span></span>
-<span class="line">diffuse *= <span class="hljs-built_in">saturate</span>((NoV + <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>) / <span class="hljs-number">2.25</span>);</span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">endif</span></span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">endif</span></span></span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> diffuse = Fd_Lambert() * ambientOcclusion;</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-meta-keyword">if</span> defined(SHADING_MODEL_CLOTH)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-meta-keyword">if</span> defined(MATERIAL_HAS_SUBSURFACE_COLOR)</span></span>
+<span class="line">diffuse *= saturate((NoV + <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>) / <span class="hljs-number">2.25</span>);</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-meta-keyword">endif</span></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-meta-keyword">endif</span></span></span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line">vec3 indirectDiffuse = <span class="hljs-built_in">irradianceIBL</span>(n) * diffuse;</span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> defined(SHADING_MODEL_CLOTH) &amp;&amp; defined(MATERIAL_HAS_SUBSURFACE_COLOR)</span></span>
-<span class="line">indirectDiffuse *= <span class="hljs-built_in">saturate</span>(subsurfaceColor + NoV);</span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">endif</span></span></span>
+<span class="line">vec3 indirectDiffuse = irradianceIBL(n) * diffuse;</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-meta-keyword">if</span> defined(SHADING_MODEL_CLOTH) &amp;&amp; defined(MATERIAL_HAS_SUBSURFACE_COLOR)</span></span>
+<span class="line">indirectDiffuse *= saturate(subsurfaceColor + NoV);</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-meta-keyword">endif</span></span></span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">vec3 ibl = diffuseColor * indirectDiffuse + indirectSpecular * specularColor;</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_clothapprox">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;34:</b> GLSL implementation of the DFG approximation for the cloth NDF</div></center>
 <p>
@@ -2982,20 +2982,20 @@ L_{max} &= 2^{EV_{100}} \times 1.2
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// aperture in f-stops</span></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// shutterSpeed in seconds</span></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// sensitivity in ISO</span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">exposureSettings</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> aperture, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> shutterSpeed, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> sensitivity)</span> {</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">exposureSettings</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> aperture, <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> shutterSpeed, <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> sensitivity)</span> </span>{</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> log2((aperture * aperture) / shutterSpeed * <span class="hljs-number">100.0</span> / sensitivity);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// Computes the exposure normalization factor from</span></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// the camera&#x27;s EV100</span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">exposure</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> ev100)</span> {</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> / (pow(<span class="hljs-number">2.0</span>, ev100) * <span class="hljs-number">1.2</span>);</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">exposure</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> ev100)</span> </span>{</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> / (<span class="hljs-built_in">pow</span>(<span class="hljs-number">2.0</span>, ev100) * <span class="hljs-number">1.2</span>);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">ev100</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> exposureSettings(aperture, shutterSpeed, sensitivity);</span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">exposure</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> exposure(ev100);</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> ev100 = exposureSettings(aperture, shutterSpeed, sensitivity);</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> exposure = exposure(ev100);</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">vec4</span> <span class="hljs-variable">color</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> evaluateLighting();</span>
+<span class="line">vec4 color = evaluateLighting();</span>
 <span class="line">color.rgb *= exposure;</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_fragmentexposure">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;42:</b> Implementation of exposure in GLSL</div></center>
 <p>
 <p>In practice the exposure factor can be pre-computed on the CPU to save shader instructions.</p>
@@ -3466,9 +3466,9 @@ Our implementation is presented in <a href="#listing_specularcolorimpl">listing&
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// Data source:</span></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">//     http://cvrl.ioo.ucl.ac.uk/cmfs.htm</span></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">//     http://cvrl.ioo.ucl.ac.uk/database/text/cmfs/ciexyz31.htm</span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">const</span> <span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> CIE_XYZ_START = <span class="hljs-number">360</span>;</span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">const</span> <span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> CIE_XYZ_COUNT = <span class="hljs-number">471</span>;</span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">const</span> float3 CIE_XYZ[CIE_XYZ_COUNT] = { ... };</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> CIE_XYZ_START = <span class="hljs-number">360</span>;</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> CIE_XYZ_COUNT = <span class="hljs-number">471</span>;</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> float3 CIE_XYZ[CIE_XYZ_COUNT] = { ... };</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// CIE Standard Illuminant D65 relative spectral power distribution,</span></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// from 300nm to 830, at 5nm intervals</span></span>
@@ -3476,51 +3476,51 @@ Our implementation is presented in <a href="#listing_specularcolorimpl">listing&
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// Data source:</span></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">//     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminant_D65</span></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">//     https://cielab.xyz/pdf/CIE_sel_colorimetric_tables.xls</span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">const</span> <span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> CIE_D65_INTERVAL = <span class="hljs-number">5</span>;</span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">const</span> <span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> CIE_D65_START = <span class="hljs-number">300</span>;</span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">const</span> <span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> CIE_D65_END = <span class="hljs-number">830</span>;</span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">const</span> <span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> CIE_D65_COUNT = <span class="hljs-number">107</span>;</span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">const</span> <span class="hljs-type">float</span> CIE_D65[CIE_D65_COUNT] = { ... };</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> CIE_D65_INTERVAL = <span class="hljs-number">5</span>;</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> CIE_D65_START = <span class="hljs-number">300</span>;</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> CIE_D65_END = <span class="hljs-number">830</span>;</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> CIE_D65_COUNT = <span class="hljs-number">107</span>;</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> CIE_D65[CIE_D65_COUNT] = { ... };</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Sample</span> {</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> w = <span class="hljs-number">0.0f</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// wavelength</span></span>
-<span class="line">    std::complex&lt;<span class="hljs-type">float</span>&gt; ior; <span class="hljs-comment">// complex IOR, n + ik</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> <span class="hljs-title">Sample</span> {</span></span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> w = <span class="hljs-number">0.0f</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// wavelength</span></span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">complex</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span>&gt; ior; <span class="hljs-comment">// complex IOR, n + ik</span></span>
 <span class="line">};</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">static</span> <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">illuminantD65</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> w)</span> </span>{</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">auto</span> i0 = <span class="hljs-built_in">size_t</span>((w - CIE_D65_START) / CIE_D65_INTERVAL);</span>
-<span class="line">    uint2 indexBounds{i0, std::<span class="hljs-built_in">min</span>(i0 + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, CIE_D65_END)};</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">illuminantD65</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> w)</span> </span>{</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">auto</span> i0 = <span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span>((w - CIE_D65_START) / CIE_D65_INTERVAL);</span>
+<span class="line">    uint2 indexBounds{i0, <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::min(i0 + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, CIE_D65_END)};</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">    float2 wavelengthBounds = CIE_D65_START + float2{indexBounds} * CIE_D65_INTERVAL;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> t = (w - wavelengthBounds.x) / (wavelengthBounds.y - wavelengthBounds.x);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">lerp</span>(CIE_D65[indexBounds.x], CIE_D65[indexBounds.y], t);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> t = (w - wavelengthBounds.x) / (wavelengthBounds.y - wavelengthBounds.x);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> lerp(CIE_D65[indexBounds.x], CIE_D65[indexBounds.y], t);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// For std::lower_bound</span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">bool</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">operator</span>&lt;(<span class="hljs-type">const</span> Sample&amp; lhs, <span class="hljs-type">const</span> Sample&amp; rhs) {</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">operator</span>&lt;(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Sample&amp; lhs, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Sample&amp; rhs) {</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> lhs.w &lt; rhs.w;</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// The wavelength w must be between 360nm and 830nm</span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">static</span> std::complex&lt;<span class="hljs-type">float</span>&gt; <span class="hljs-title">findSample</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">const</span> std::vector&lt;sample&gt;&amp; samples, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> w)</span> </span>{</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">auto</span> i1 = std::<span class="hljs-built_in">lower_bound</span>(</span>
-<span class="line">         samples.<span class="hljs-built_in">begin</span>(), samples.<span class="hljs-built_in">end</span>(), Sample{w, <span class="hljs-number">0.0f</span> + <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>});</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">complex</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span>&gt; <span class="hljs-title">findSample</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span>&lt;sample&gt;&amp; samples, <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> w)</span> </span>{</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">auto</span> i1 = <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::lower_bound(</span>
+<span class="line">         samples.begin(), samples.end(), Sample{w, <span class="hljs-number">0.0f</span> + <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>});</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">auto</span> i0 = i1 - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// Interpolate the complex IORs</span></span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> t = (w - i0-&gt;w) / (i1-&gt;w - i0-&gt;w);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> n = <span class="hljs-built_in">lerp</span>(i0-&gt;ior.<span class="hljs-built_in">real</span>(), i1-&gt;ior.<span class="hljs-built_in">real</span>(), t);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> k = <span class="hljs-built_in">lerp</span>(i0-&gt;ior.<span class="hljs-built_in">imag</span>(), i1-&gt;ior.<span class="hljs-built_in">imag</span>(), t);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> t = (w - i0-&gt;w) / (i1-&gt;w - i0-&gt;w);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> n = lerp(i0-&gt;ior.real(), i1-&gt;ior.real(), t);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> k = lerp(i0-&gt;ior.imag(), i1-&gt;ior.imag(), t);</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> { n, k };</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">static</span> <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">fresnel</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">const</span> std::complex&lt;<span class="hljs-type">float</span>&gt;&amp; sample)</span> </span>{</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> (((sample - (<span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span> + <span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>)) * (std::<span class="hljs-built_in">conj</span>(sample) - (<span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span> + <span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>))) /</span>
-<span class="line">            ((sample + (<span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span> + <span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>)) * (std::<span class="hljs-built_in">conj</span>(sample) + (<span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span> + <span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>)))).<span class="hljs-built_in">real</span>();</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">fresnel</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">complex</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span>&gt;&amp; sample)</span> </span>{</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> (((sample - (<span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span> + <span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>)) * (<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::conj(sample) - (<span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span> + <span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>))) /</span>
+<span class="line">            ((sample + (<span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span> + <span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>)) * (<span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::conj(sample) + (<span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span> + <span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>)))).real();</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">static</span> float3 <span class="hljs-title">XYZ_to_sRGB</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">const</span> float3&amp; v)</span> </span>{</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">const</span> mat3f XYZ_sRGB{</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> float3 <span class="hljs-title">XYZ_to_sRGB</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> float3&amp; v)</span> </span>{</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> mat3f XYZ_sRGB{</span>
 <span class="line">             <span class="hljs-number">3.2404542f</span>, <span class="hljs-number">-0.9692660f</span>,  <span class="hljs-number">0.0556434f</span>,</span>
 <span class="line">            <span class="hljs-number">-1.5371385f</span>,  <span class="hljs-number">1.8760108f</span>, <span class="hljs-number">-0.2040259f</span>,</span>
 <span class="line">            <span class="hljs-number">-0.4985314f</span>,  <span class="hljs-number">0.0415560f</span>,  <span class="hljs-number">1.0572252f</span></span>
@@ -3529,21 +3529,21 @@ Our implementation is presented in <a href="#listing_specularcolorimpl">listing&
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// Outputs a linear sRGB color</span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">static</span> float3 <span class="hljs-title">computeColor</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">const</span> std::vector&lt;sample&gt;&amp; samples)</span> </span>{</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> float3 <span class="hljs-title">computeColor</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::<span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span>&lt;sample&gt;&amp; samples)</span> </span>{</span>
 <span class="line">    float3 xyz{<span class="hljs-number">0.0f</span>};</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> y = <span class="hljs-number">0.0f</span>;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> y = <span class="hljs-number">0.0f</span>;</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; CIE_XYZ_COUNT; i++) {</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; CIE_XYZ_COUNT; i++) {</span>
 <span class="line">        <span class="hljs-comment">// Current wavelength</span></span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">float</span> w = CIE_XYZ_START + i;</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> w = CIE_XYZ_START + i;</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">        <span class="hljs-comment">// Find most appropriate CIE XYZ sample for the wavelength</span></span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">auto</span> sample = <span class="hljs-built_in">findSample</span>(samples, w);</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">auto</span> sample = findSample(samples, w);</span>
 <span class="line">        <span class="hljs-comment">// Compute Fresnel reflectance at normal incidence</span></span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">float</span> f0 = <span class="hljs-built_in">fresnel</span>(sample);</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> f0 = fresnel(sample);</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">        <span class="hljs-comment">// We need to multiply by the spectral power distribution of the illuminant</span></span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">float</span> d65 = <span class="hljs-built_in">illuminantD65</span>(w);</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> d65 = illuminantD65(w);</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">        xyz += f0 * CIE_XYZ[i] * d65;</span>
 <span class="line">        y += CIE_XYZ[i].y * d65;</span>
@@ -3552,10 +3552,10 @@ Our implementation is presented in <a href="#listing_specularcolorimpl">listing&
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// Normalize so that 100% reflectance at every wavelength yields Y=1</span></span>
 <span class="line">    xyz /= y;</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line">    float3 linear = <span class="hljs-built_in">XYZ_to_sRGB</span>(xyz);</span>
+<span class="line">    float3 linear = XYZ_to_sRGB(xyz);</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// Normalize out-of-gamut values</span></span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (<span class="hljs-built_in">any</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">greaterThan</span>(linear, float3{<span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span>}))) linear *= <span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span> / <span class="hljs-built_in">max</span>(linear);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (any(greaterThan(linear, float3{<span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span>}))) linear *= <span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span> / max(linear);</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> linear;</span>
 <span class="line">}</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde"><a class="target" name="listing_specularcolorimpl">&nbsp;</a><b style="font-style:normal;">Listing&nbsp;46:</b> C++ implementation to compute the base color of a metallic surface from spectral data</div></center>
@@ -3735,47 +3735,47 @@ l &= \{ cos\phi sin\theta,sin\phi sin\theta,cos\theta \}
 <pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line">vec2f hammersley(uint i, <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> numSamples) {</span>
 <span class="line">    uint bits = i;</span>
 <span class="line">    bits = (bits &lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-string">16) | (bits &gt;&gt; 16</span>);</span>
-<span class="line">    bits = ((bits &amp; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>x55555555) &lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) | ((bits &amp; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>xAAAAAAAA) &gt;&gt; <span class="hljs-number">1</span>);</span>
-<span class="line">    bits = ((bits &amp; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>x33333333) &lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-number">2</span>) | ((bits &amp; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>xCCCCCCCC) &gt;&gt; <span class="hljs-number">2</span>);</span>
-<span class="line">    bits = ((bits &amp; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>x0F0F0F0F) &lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-number">4</span>) | ((bits &amp; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>xF0F0F0F0) &gt;&gt; <span class="hljs-number">4</span>);</span>
-<span class="line">    bits = ((bits &amp; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>x00FF00FF) &lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-number">8</span>) | ((bits &amp; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>xFF00FF00) &gt;&gt; <span class="hljs-number">8</span>);</span>
-<span class="line">    return vec2f(i / numSamples, bits / exp2(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>));</span>
+<span class="line">    bits = ((bits &amp; 0x55555555) &lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-string">1) | ((bits &amp; 0xAAAAAAAA) &gt;&gt; 1</span>);</span>
+<span class="line">    bits = ((bits &amp; 0x33333333) &lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-string">2) | ((bits &amp; 0xCCCCCCCC) &gt;&gt; 2</span>);</span>
+<span class="line">    bits = ((bits &amp; 0x0F0F0F0F) &lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-string">4) | ((bits &amp; 0xF0F0F0F0) &gt;&gt; 4</span>);</span>
+<span class="line">    bits = ((bits &amp; 0x00FF00FF) &lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-string">8) | ((bits &amp; 0xFF00FF00) &gt;&gt; 8</span>);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-built_in">return</span> vec2f(i / numSamples, bits / exp2(32));</span>
 <span class="line">}</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde">C++ implementation of a Hammersley sequence generator</div></center>
 <a class="target" name="precomputinglforimage-basedlighting">&nbsp;</a><a class="target" name="annex/precomputinglforimage-basedlighting">&nbsp;</a><a class="target" name="toc9.5">&nbsp;</a><h2 id="precomputing-l-for-image-based-lighting"><a class="header" href="#precomputing-l-for-image-based-lighting">Precomputing L for image-based lighting</a></h2>
 <p>
 <p>The term ( L_{DFG} ) is only dependent on ( \NoV ). Below, the normal is arbitrarily set to ( n=\left[0, 0, 1\right] ) and (v) is chosen to satisfy ( \NoV ). The vector ( h_i ) is the ( D_{GGX}(\alpha) ) important direction sample (i).</p>
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">GDFG</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoV, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoL, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a)</span> {</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">a2</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> a * a;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">GGXL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> NoV * sqrt((-NoL * a2 + NoL) * NoL + a2);</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">GGXV</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> NoL * sqrt((-NoV * a2 + NoV) * NoV + a2);</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-type">float</span> GDFG(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoV, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoL, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a) {</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a2 = a * a;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> GGXL = NoV * <span class="hljs-built_in">sqrt</span>((-NoL * a2 + NoL) * NoL + a2);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float</span> GGXV = NoL * <span class="hljs-built_in">sqrt</span>((-NoV * a2 + NoV) * NoV + a2);</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> (<span class="hljs-number">2</span> * NoL) / (GGXV + GGXL);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line">float2 <span class="hljs-title function_">DFG</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoV, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a)</span> {</span>
+<span class="line">float2 DFG(<span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoV, <span class="hljs-type">float</span> a) {</span>
 <span class="line">    float3 V;</span>
-<span class="line">    V.x = sqrt(<span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span> - NoV*NoV);</span>
-<span class="line">    V.y = <span class="hljs-number">0.0f</span>;</span>
+<span class="line">    V.x = <span class="hljs-built_in">sqrt</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>f - NoV*NoV);</span>
+<span class="line">    V.y = <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>f;</span>
 <span class="line">    V.z = NoV;</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">float2</span> <span class="hljs-variable">r</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0f</span>;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-type">uint</span> <span class="hljs-variable">i</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; sampleCount; i++) {</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">float2</span> <span class="hljs-variable">Xi</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> hammersley(i, sampleCount);</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">float3</span> <span class="hljs-variable">H</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> importanceSampleGGX(Xi, a, N);</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">float3</span> <span class="hljs-variable">L</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.0f</span> * dot(V, H) * H - V;</span>
+<span class="line">    float2 r = <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>f;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-type">uint</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; sampleCount; i++) {</span>
+<span class="line">        float2 Xi = hammersley(i, sampleCount);</span>
+<span class="line">        float3 H = importanceSampleGGX(Xi, a, N);</span>
+<span class="line">        float3 L = <span class="hljs-number">2.0</span>f * <span class="hljs-built_in">dot</span>(V, H) * H - V;</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">VoH</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> saturate(dot(V, H));</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">NoL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> saturate(L.z);</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">NoH</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> saturate(H.z);</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">float</span> VoH = saturate(<span class="hljs-built_in">dot</span>(V, H));</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoL = saturate(L.z);</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">float</span> NoH = saturate(H.z);</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (NoL &gt; <span class="hljs-number">0.0f</span>) {</span>
-<span class="line">            <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">G</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> GDFG(NoV, NoL, a);</span>
-<span class="line">            <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">Gv</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> G * VoH / NoH;</span>
-<span class="line">            <span class="hljs-type">float</span> <span class="hljs-variable">Fc</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> pow(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> - VoH, <span class="hljs-number">5.0f</span>);</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (NoL &gt; <span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>f) {</span>
+<span class="line">            <span class="hljs-type">float</span> G = GDFG(NoV, NoL, a);</span>
+<span class="line">            <span class="hljs-type">float</span> Gv = G * VoH / NoH;</span>
+<span class="line">            <span class="hljs-type">float</span> Fc = <span class="hljs-built_in">pow</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> - VoH, <span class="hljs-number">5.0</span>f);</span>
 <span class="line">            r.x += Gv * (<span class="hljs-number">1</span> - Fc);</span>
 <span class="line">            r.y += Gv * Fc;</span>
 <span class="line">        }</span>
 <span class="line">    }</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> r * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0f</span> / sampleCount);</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> r * (<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>f / sampleCount);</span>
 <span class="line">}</span></code></pre><center><div class="listingcaption tilde">C++ implementation of the \( L_{DFG} \) term</div></center>
 <a class="target" name="sphericalharmonics">&nbsp;</a><a class="target" name="annex/sphericalharmonics">&nbsp;</a><a class="target" name="toc9.6">&nbsp;</a><h2 id="spherical-harmonics"><a class="header" href="#spherical-harmonics">Spherical Harmonics</a></h2>
 <p>
@@ -3851,56 +3851,56 @@ sin(m \phi + \phi) &= sin(m \phi) cos(\phi) + cos(m \phi) sin(\phi) \Leftrightar
 \end{align*}$$
 </p><p>
 <a href="#listing_nonnormalizedshbasis">Listing&nbsp;47</a> shows the C++ code to compute the non-normalized SH basis \(\frac{y^m_l(s)}{\sqrt{2} K^m_l}\):
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">inline</span> <span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> <span class="hljs-title">SHindex</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">ssize_t</span> m, <span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> l)</span> </span>{</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">inline</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> <span class="hljs-title">SHindex</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">ssize_t</span> m, <span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> l)</span> </span>{</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> l * (l + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) + m;</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">computeShBasis</span><span class="hljs-params">(</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">double</span>* <span class="hljs-type">const</span> SHb,</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> numBands,</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">const</span> vec3&amp; s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">computeShBasis</span><span class="hljs-params">(</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span>* <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> SHb,</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> numBands,</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> vec3&amp; s)</span></span>
 <span class="line"></span>{</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// handle m=0 separately, since it produces only one coefficient</span></span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">double</span> Pml_2 = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">double</span> Pml_1 = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> Pml_2 = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> Pml_1 = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;</span>
 <span class="line">    SHb[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] =  Pml_1;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-type">ssize_t</span> l = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; l &lt; numBands; l++) {</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">double</span> Pml = ((<span class="hljs-number">2</span> * l - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * Pml_1 * s.z - (l - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * Pml_2) / l;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">ssize_t</span> l = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; l &lt; numBands; l++) {</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> Pml = ((<span class="hljs-number">2</span> * l - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * Pml_1 * s.z - (l - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * Pml_2) / l;</span>
 <span class="line">        Pml_2 = Pml_1;</span>
 <span class="line">        Pml_1 = Pml;</span>
-<span class="line">        SHb[<span class="hljs-built_in">SHindex</span>(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, l)] = Pml;</span>
+<span class="line">        SHb[SHindex(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, l)] = Pml;</span>
 <span class="line">    }</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">double</span> Pmm = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-type">ssize_t</span> m = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; m &lt; numBands ; m++) {</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> Pmm = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">ssize_t</span> m = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; m &lt; numBands ; m++) {</span>
 <span class="line">        Pmm = (<span class="hljs-number">1</span> - <span class="hljs-number">2</span> * m) * Pmm;</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">double</span> Pml_2 = Pmm;</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">double</span> Pml_1 = (<span class="hljs-number">2</span> * m + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)*Pmm*s.z;</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> Pml_2 = Pmm;</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> Pml_1 = (<span class="hljs-number">2</span> * m + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)*Pmm*s.z;</span>
 <span class="line">        <span class="hljs-comment">// l == m</span></span>
-<span class="line">        SHb[<span class="hljs-built_in">SHindex</span>(-m, m)] = Pml_2;</span>
-<span class="line">        SHb[<span class="hljs-built_in">SHindex</span>( m, m)] = Pml_2;</span>
+<span class="line">        SHb[SHindex(-m, m)] = Pml_2;</span>
+<span class="line">        SHb[SHindex( m, m)] = Pml_2;</span>
 <span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (m + <span class="hljs-number">1</span> &lt; numBands) {</span>
 <span class="line">            <span class="hljs-comment">// l == m+1</span></span>
-<span class="line">            SHb[<span class="hljs-built_in">SHindex</span>(-m, m + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)] = Pml_1;</span>
-<span class="line">            SHb[<span class="hljs-built_in">SHindex</span>( m, m + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)] = Pml_1;</span>
-<span class="line">            <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-type">ssize_t</span> l = m + <span class="hljs-number">2</span>; l &lt; numBands; l++) {</span>
-<span class="line">                <span class="hljs-type">double</span> Pml = ((<span class="hljs-number">2</span> * l - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * Pml_1 * s.z - (l + m - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * Pml_2)</span>
+<span class="line">            SHb[SHindex(-m, m + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)] = Pml_1;</span>
+<span class="line">            SHb[SHindex( m, m + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)] = Pml_1;</span>
+<span class="line">            <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">ssize_t</span> l = m + <span class="hljs-number">2</span>; l &lt; numBands; l++) {</span>
+<span class="line">                <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> Pml = ((<span class="hljs-number">2</span> * l - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * Pml_1 * s.z - (l + m - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * Pml_2)</span>
 <span class="line">                        / (l - m);</span>
 <span class="line">                Pml_2 = Pml_1;</span>
 <span class="line">                Pml_1 = Pml;</span>
-<span class="line">                SHb[<span class="hljs-built_in">SHindex</span>(-m, l)] = Pml;</span>
-<span class="line">                SHb[<span class="hljs-built_in">SHindex</span>( m, l)] = Pml;</span>
+<span class="line">                SHb[SHindex(-m, l)] = Pml;</span>
+<span class="line">                SHb[SHindex( m, l)] = Pml;</span>
 <span class="line">            }</span>
 <span class="line">        }</span>
 <span class="line">    }</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">double</span> Cm = s.x;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">double</span> Sm = s.y;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-type">ssize_t</span> m = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; m &lt;= numBands ; m++) {</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-type">ssize_t</span> l = m; l &lt; numBands ; l++) {</span>
-<span class="line">            SHb[<span class="hljs-built_in">SHindex</span>(-m, l)] *= Sm;</span>
-<span class="line">            SHb[<span class="hljs-built_in">SHindex</span>( m, l)] *= Cm;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> Cm = s.x;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> Sm = s.y;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">ssize_t</span> m = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; m &lt;= numBands ; m++) {</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">ssize_t</span> l = m; l &lt; numBands ; l++) {</span>
+<span class="line">            SHb[SHindex(-m, l)] *= Sm;</span>
+<span class="line">            SHb[SHindex( m, l)] *= Cm;</span>
 <span class="line">        }</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">double</span> Cm1 = Cm * s.x - Sm * s.y;</span>
-<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-type">double</span> Sm1 = Sm * s.x + Cm * s.y;</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> Cm1 = Cm * s.x - Sm * s.y;</span>
+<span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> Sm1 = Sm * s.x + Cm * s.y;</span>
 <span class="line">        Cm = Cm1;</span>
 <span class="line">        Sm = Sm1;</span>
 <span class="line">    }</span>
@@ -3979,10 +3979,10 @@ $$\begin{equation}
 \end{equation}$$
 </p><p>
 Here is the C++ code to compute \(\hat{C}_l\):
-</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">static</span> <span class="hljs-type">double</span> <span class="hljs-title">factorial</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> n, <span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> d = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span></span>;</span>
+</p><pre class="listing tilde"><code><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> <span class="hljs-title">factorial</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> n, <span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> d = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span></span>;</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// &lt; cos(theta) &gt; SH coefficients pre-multiplied by 1 / K(0,l)</span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">double</span> <span class="hljs-title">computeTruncatedCosSh</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> l)</span> </span>{</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> <span class="hljs-title">computeTruncatedCosSh</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> l)</span> </span>{</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (l == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {</span>
 <span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> M_PI;</span>
 <span class="line">    } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (l == <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) {</span>
@@ -3990,17 +3990,17 @@ Here is the C++ code to compute \(\hat{C}_l\):
 <span class="line">    } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (l &amp; <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) {</span>
 <span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;</span>
 <span class="line">    }</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">const</span> <span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> l_2 = l / <span class="hljs-number">2</span>;</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">double</span> A0 = ((l_2 &amp; <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) ? <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> : <span class="hljs-number">-1.0</span>) / ((l + <span class="hljs-number">2</span>) * (l - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>));</span>
-<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-type">double</span> A1 = <span class="hljs-built_in">factorial</span>(l, l_2) / (<span class="hljs-built_in">factorial</span>(l_2) * (<span class="hljs-number">1</span> &lt;&lt; l));</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> l_2 = l / <span class="hljs-number">2</span>;</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> A0 = ((l_2 &amp; <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) ? <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span> : <span class="hljs-number">-1.0</span>) / ((l + <span class="hljs-number">2</span>) * (l - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>));</span>
+<span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> A1 = factorial(l, l_2) / (factorial(l_2) * (<span class="hljs-number">1</span> &lt;&lt; l));</span>
 <span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span> * M_PI * A0 * A1;</span>
 <span class="line">}</span>
 <span class="line"></span>
 <span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">// returns n! / d!</span></span>
-<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-type">double</span> <span class="hljs-title">factorial</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> n, <span class="hljs-type">size_t</span> d )</span> </span>{</span>
-<span class="line">   d = std::<span class="hljs-built_in">max</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">size_t</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>), d);</span>
-<span class="line">   n = std::<span class="hljs-built_in">max</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">size_t</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>), n);</span>
-<span class="line">   <span class="hljs-type">double</span> r = <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>;</span>
+<span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> <span class="hljs-title">factorial</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> n, <span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span> d )</span> </span>{</span>
+<span class="line">   d = <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::max(<span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>), d);</span>
+<span class="line">   n = <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::max(<span class="hljs-keyword">size_t</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>), n);</span>
+<span class="line">   <span class="hljs-keyword">double</span> r = <span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>;</span>
 <span class="line">   <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (n == d) {</span>
 <span class="line">       <span class="hljs-comment">// intentionally left blank</span></span>
 <span class="line">   } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (n &gt; d) {</span>
@@ -16,13 +16,12 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {
    this.ozone = 0.0;
    this.msFactors = [0.1, 0.5, 0.0];
    this.contrast = 1.0;
-    this.nightColor = [0.0, 3.0e-9, 7.5e-9];
+    this.nightColor = [0.0, 0.0003, 0.00075];
    this.shimmerControl = [0.0, 20.0, 0.1];
    this.cloudControl = [0.0, 0.1, 8000.0, 0.0];
    this.cloudControl2 = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
    this.waterControl = [50.0, 1.0, 1.0, 4.0]; // x=Strength, y=Speed, z=DerivativeTrick, w=Octaves
    this.starControl = [0.001, 1.0, 350.0, 0.01]; // x=Density, y=Enabled, z=Frequency, w=PixelScale
-    this.starIntensity = 1.0;
    this.focalLength = 24.0;
    this.height = 1000.0;
    this.planetRadius = 6360.0;
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {

    // Milky Way Parameters
    // x=Intensity, y=Saturation, z=Unused
-    this.milkyWayControl = [1.0, 1.2, 0.05];
+    this.milkyWayControl = [1.0, 1.0, 0.07];
    this.milkyWayEnabled = true;
    this.milkyWayRotation = [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1]; // Identity by default
    this.initEntity();
@@ -454,11 +453,6 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {
    this.updateCoefficients();
  }

-  setStarIntensity(intensity) {
-    this.starIntensity = Math.max(0.0, intensity);
-    this.updateCoefficients();
-  }
-
  setMoonPosition(direction) {
    // normalize
    const len = Math.hypot(direction[0], direction[1], direction[2]);
@@ -506,13 +500,6 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {
    }
  }

-
-
-  setExposure(exposure) {
-    this.exposure = exposure;
-    this.updateCoefficients();
-  }
-
  updateCoefficients() {
    if (!this.materialInstance) {
      console.warn("updateCoefficients called before material loaded");
@@ -598,7 +585,6 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {
    this.materialInstance.setFloat4Parameter('cloudControl2', new Float32Array(this.cloudControl2));
    this.materialInstance.setFloat4Parameter('waterControl', new Float32Array(this.waterControl));
    this.materialInstance.setFloat4Parameter('starControl', new Float32Array(this.starControl));
-    this.materialInstance.setFloatParameter('starIntensity', this.starIntensity);

    this.materialInstance.setFloatParameter('sunIntensity', physicalSunIntensity);

@@ -629,13 +615,12 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {

    this.materialInstance.setFloatParameter('sunIntensity2', finalMoonIntensity);

-    // Scale Milky Way by Sun Intensity
-    // Calibration: 1.0 User Intensity = 1.5e-3 cd/m^2 (Nits) approx.
-    // Target: 1.5e-3 Nits. SunIntensity = 100,000.
-    // Scale = 1.5e-3 / 1.0e5 = 1.5e-8.
+    // Scale Milky Way by Sun Intensity (Pre-exposed) to match dynamic range
+    // Calibration: 1.0 User Intensity ~ 0.025 Lux Relative (approx 2.5% of Sun Pixel Value at Day)
+    // At Sunny 16 (Sun ~ 2.6), this gives ~0.065 pixel brightness, which is visible but dim.
    const mwIntensity = this.milkyWayEnabled ? this.milkyWayControl[0] : 0.0;
    const mwUniform = [
-      mwIntensity * this.sunIntensity * 1.5e-8,
+      mwIntensity * this.sunIntensity * 0.025,
      this.milkyWayControl[1],
      this.milkyWayControl[2]
    ];
@@ -649,7 +634,6 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {
    const moonHaloUpload = [...this.moonHalo];
    moonHaloUpload[2] *= moonRadConv;
    this.materialInstance.setFloat4Parameter('sunHalo2', new Float32Array(moonHaloUpload));
-    this.materialInstance.setFloatParameter('exposure', this.exposure !== undefined ? this.exposure : 1.0);

    // Solar Eclipse (CPU Calculation)
    const sunRadius = Math.acos(this.sunHalo[0]);
@@ -218,7 +218,6 @@ class App {
    const exposure = this.getExposure();
    const preExposedIntensity = this.params.sunIntensity * exposure;
    this.skybox.setSunIntensity(preExposedIntensity);
-    this.skybox.setExposure(exposure); // Update Skybox Exposure Uniform

    // Moon Exposure
    if (this.mParams) {
@@ -390,7 +389,7 @@ class App {
    };

    mwFolder.add(this.mwParams, 'enabled').name('Enabled').onChange(updateMW);
-    mwFolder.add(this.mwParams, 'intensity', 0.0, 100.0).onChange(updateMW);
+    mwFolder.add(this.mwParams, 'intensity', 0.0, 5.0).onChange(updateMW);
    mwFolder.add(this.mwParams, 'saturation', 0.0, 2.0).onChange(updateMW);
    mwFolder.add(this.mwParams, 'blackPoint', 0.0, 0.5).name('Black Point').onChange(updateMW);
    mwFolder.add(this.mwParams, 'siderealTime', 0.0, 24.0).name('Sidereal Time').listen().onChange(updateMW);
@@ -465,23 +464,18 @@ class App {
    const starFolder = gui.addFolder('Stars');
    this.sParams = {
      enabled: true,
-      density: 0.001,
-      intensity: 0.0 // 2^0 = 1.0
+      density: 0.001
    };
    // Initialize defaults (Density 0.001, Enabled True)
    sky.setStarControl(0.001, true);
-    sky.setStarIntensity(Math.pow(2.0, 0.0));

    const updateStars = () => {
      sky.setStarControl(this.sParams.density, this.sParams.enabled);
-      sky.setStarIntensity(Math.pow(2.0, this.sParams.intensity));
    };

    starFolder.add(this.sParams, 'enabled').name('Enabled').onChange(updateStars);
    starFolder.add(this.sParams, 'density', 0.0, 0.01, 0.0001).name('Density').onChange(updateStars);
-    starFolder.add(this.sParams, 'intensity', 0.0, 24.0).name('Intensity (Exp)').onChange(updateStars);
    starFolder.close();
-    this.updateStars = updateStars;

    const artFolder = gui.addFolder('Artistic');
    // Set Horizon Glow default to 0.0
@@ -495,7 +489,7 @@ class App {
    artFolder.add(sky.msFactors, 2, 0.0, 1.0).name('Horizon Glow').onChange(v => sky.setHorizonGlow(v));
    artFolder.add(sky, 'contrast', 0.1, 2.0).onChange(v => sky.setContrast(v));

-
+    artFolder.addColor(sky, 'nightColor').onChange(v => sky.setNightColor(v));

    const shmFolder = artFolder.addFolder('Shimmer');
    // Set Shimmer Strength default to 0.0
@@ -508,7 +502,7 @@ class App {
    const camFolder = gui.addFolder('Camera');
    camFolder.add(this.params, 'focalLength', 8.0, 300.0).name('Focal Length').onChange(() => this.updateCameraProjection());
    camFolder.add(this.params, 'aperture', 1.4, 32.0).onChange(() => this.updateCameraExposure());
-    camFolder.add(this.params, 'shutterSpeed', 0.05, 1000.0).onChange(() => this.updateCameraExposure());
+    camFolder.add(this.params, 'shutterSpeed', 1.0, 1000.0).onChange(() => this.updateCameraExposure());
    camFolder.add(this.params, 'iso', 50.0, 3200.0).onChange(() => this.updateCameraExposure());

    const bloomFolder = camFolder.addFolder('Bloom');
@@ -698,15 +692,13 @@ class App {
    const s = this.sParams;
    const b = this.bParams;
    const m = this.mParams;
-    const mw = this.mwParams;
    const sk = this.skybox;

    return {
      p: { a: p.aperture, ss: p.shutterSpeed, i: p.iso, st: p.sunTheta, sp: p.sunPhi, fl: p.focalLength, si: p.sunIntensity },
      c: { v: c.volumetrics, co: c.coverage, d: c.density, h: c.height, s: c.speed, e: c.evolution },
      w: { dt: w.derivativeTrick, st: w.strength, s: w.speed, o: w.octaves },
-      s: { e: s.enabled, d: s.density, i: s.intensity },
-      mw: { e: mw.enabled, i: mw.intensity, s: mw.saturation, bp: mw.blackPoint, st: mw.siderealTime, l: mw.latitude },
+      s: { e: s.enabled, d: s.density },
      b: { e: b.enabled, lf: b.lensFlare },
      m: { e: m.enabled, az: m.azimuth, h: m.height, r: m.radius, i: m.intensity },
      cm: { t: this.camState.theta, p: this.camState.phi },
@@ -731,7 +723,6 @@ class App {
    const c = state.c;
    const w = state.w;
    const s = state.s;
-    const mw = state.mw;
    const b = state.b;
    const m = state.m;
    const k = state.k;
@@ -766,18 +757,6 @@ class App {
    if (s) {
      if (s.e !== undefined) this.sParams.enabled = s.e;
      if (s.d !== undefined) this.sParams.density = s.d;
-      if (s.i !== undefined) this.sParams.intensity = s.i;
-      if (this.updateStars) this.updateStars();
-    }
-
-    if (mw) {
-      if (mw.e !== undefined) this.mwParams.enabled = mw.e;
-      if (mw.i !== undefined) this.mwParams.intensity = mw.i;
-      if (mw.s !== undefined) this.mwParams.saturation = mw.s;
-      if (mw.bp !== undefined) this.mwParams.blackPoint = mw.bp;
-      if (mw.st !== undefined) this.mwParams.siderealTime = mw.st;
-      if (mw.l !== undefined) this.mwParams.latitude = mw.l;
-      if (this.updateMW) this.updateMW();
    }

    if (b) {
@@ -96,20 +96,10 @@ material {
            name : starControl, // x=Density, y=Enabled, z=Frequency, w=PixelScale
            precision : high
        },
-        {
-            type : float,
-            name : starIntensity,
-            precision : high
-        },
        {
            type : sampler2d,
            name : moonTexture
        },
-        {
-            type : float,
-            name : exposure,
-            precision : high
-        },
        {
            type : sampler2d,
            name : moonNormal
@@ -172,9 +162,9 @@ fragment {
    // --- CONFIGURATION ---

    // Stars
-    #define STAR_GLOBAL_INTENSITY 100.0      // Master brightness multiplier [0.0 - 500.0]
-    #define STAR_BRIGHTNESS_BASE 0.01        // Minimum random brightness [0.0 - 1.0]
-    #define STAR_BRIGHTNESS_VAR 15.0         // Random brightness variance range [0.0 - 10.0]
+    #define STAR_GLOBAL_INTENSITY 150.0      // Master brightness multiplier [0.0 - 500.0]
+    #define STAR_BRIGHTNESS_BASE 0.5         // Minimum random brightness [0.0 - 1.0]
+    #define STAR_BRIGHTNESS_VAR 4.0          // Random brightness variance range [0.0 - 10.0]
    #define STAR_FADE_SUN_ELV_HIGH 0.10      // Sun elevation (sin) where stars are fully hidden [0.0 - 0.5]
    #define STAR_FADE_SUN_ELV_LOW -0.20      // Sun elevation (sin) where stars are fully visible [-0.5 - 0.0]
    #define STAR_CLOUD_OCCLUSION 0.1         // Visibility when covered by clouds [0.0 - 1.0]
@@ -971,11 +961,7 @@ fragment {
                             highp vec4 sunHalo, highp vec4 cloudControl, highp vec4 cloudControl2, 
                             highp vec4 shimmerControl, highp vec4 waterControl,
                             highp vec3 L2, highp float sunIntensity2, highp vec4 sunHalo2,
-                             sampler2D moonTex, sampler2D moonNormal,
-                             highp vec3 nightColor,
-                             highp mat3 milkyWayRotation,
-                             highp vec3 milkyWayControl,
-                             sampler2D milkyWayTexture) {
+                             sampler2D moonTex, sampler2D moonNormal) {

        // Project to plane y=0
        highp float t = WATER_PLANE_HEIGHT / min(V.y, -0.0002); // Reduced clamp to minimize "wall" artifact
@@ -1071,7 +1057,7 @@ fragment {
         highp float rHorizonMask = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.0, REFLECTION_HORIZON_FADE, R.y);
        
        if (rHorizonMask > 0.0) {
-             reflection += getStarLayer(R, L, reflCloudDensity, outTransmittance, materialParams.starControl) * rHorizonMask * materialParams.exposure;
+             reflection += getStarLayer(R, L, reflCloudDensity, outTransmittance, materialParams.starControl) * rHorizonMask;
        }

        // Sun Disk Reflection
@@ -1102,29 +1088,6 @@ fragment {
        // Apply clouds to reflection
        reflection = mix(reflection, reflCloudLayer, reflCloudDensity);
                
-        // Add Milky Way to Reflection
-        // Calculate Fade based on Sun Elevation
-        highp float sunElvSin = L.y;
-        highp float mwFade = smoothstep(STAR_FADE_SUN_ELV_HIGH, STAR_FADE_SUN_ELV_LOW, sunElvSin);
-        
-        if (mwFade > 0.0) {
-                 highp vec3 mwColor = getMilkyWay(R, milkyWayRotation, milkyWayTexture, milkyWayControl);
-                 
-                 // Apply Atmosphere Transmittance (approximate)
-                 mwColor *= outTransmittance;
-                 
-                 // Apply Fades
-                 mwColor *= mwFade;
-                 mwColor *= (1.0 - reflMoonOcclusion); // Occlude by Moon
-                 mwColor *= (1.0 - reflCloudDensity);  // Occlude by Clouds
-                 
-                 reflection += mwColor;
-        }
-                
-
-        // Add Night Color to Reflection
-        reflection += nightColor;
-                
        // Fresnel
        highp float F0 = WATER_FRESNEL_F0; // Water
        highp float cosTheta = clamp(dot(-V, N_water), 0.0, 1.0);
@@ -1224,7 +1187,7 @@ fragment {

        // 7. Stars
        // Add stars before clouds (clouds cover stars)
-        highp vec3 starColor = getStarLayer(V, L, cloudDensityVal, transmittance, materialParams.starControl) * materialParams.exposure * materialParams.starIntensity;
+        highp vec3 starColor = getStarLayer(V, L, cloudDensityVal, transmittance, materialParams.starControl);
        
        // 7b. Milky Way
        // Add Milky Way behind stars (conceptually) but handled similarly
@@ -1269,11 +1232,7 @@ fragment {
                                       materialParams.shimmerControl,
                                       materialParams.waterControl,
                                       L2, materialParams.sunIntensity2, materialParams.sunHalo2,
-                                       materialParams_moonTexture, materialParams_moonNormal,
-                                       materialParams.nightColor,
-                                       materialParams.milkyWayRotation,
-                                       materialParams.milkyWayControl,
-                                       materialParams_milkyWayTexture);
+                                       materialParams_moonTexture, materialParams_moonNormal);
            color = applyDynamicToneMapping(color, L, materialParams.contrast);
        }

@@ -16,13 +16,12 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {
    this.ozone = 0.0;
    this.msFactors = [0.1, 0.5, 0.0];
    this.contrast = 1.0;
-    this.nightColor = [0.0, 3.0e-9, 7.5e-9];
+    this.nightColor = [0.0, 0.0003, 0.00075];
    this.shimmerControl = [0.0, 20.0, 0.1];
    this.cloudControl = [0.0, 0.1, 8000.0, 0.0];
    this.cloudControl2 = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
    this.waterControl = [50.0, 1.0, 1.0, 4.0]; // x=Strength, y=Speed, z=DerivativeTrick, w=Octaves
    this.starControl = [0.001, 1.0, 350.0, 0.01]; // x=Density, y=Enabled, z=Frequency, w=PixelScale
-    this.starIntensity = 1.0;
    this.focalLength = 24.0;
    this.height = 1000.0;
    this.planetRadius = 6360.0;
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {

    // Milky Way Parameters
    // x=Intensity, y=Saturation, z=Unused
-    this.milkyWayControl = [1.0, 1.2, 0.05];
+    this.milkyWayControl = [1.0, 1.0, 0.07];
    this.milkyWayEnabled = true;
    this.milkyWayRotation = [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1]; // Identity by default
    this.initEntity();
@@ -454,11 +453,6 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {
    this.updateCoefficients();
  }

-  setStarIntensity(intensity) {
-    this.starIntensity = Math.max(0.0, intensity);
-    this.updateCoefficients();
-  }
-
  setMoonPosition(direction) {
    // normalize
    const len = Math.hypot(direction[0], direction[1], direction[2]);
@@ -506,13 +500,6 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {
    }
  }

-
-
-  setExposure(exposure) {
-    this.exposure = exposure;
-    this.updateCoefficients();
-  }
-
  updateCoefficients() {
    if (!this.materialInstance) {
      console.warn("updateCoefficients called before material loaded");
@@ -598,7 +585,6 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {
    this.materialInstance.setFloat4Parameter('cloudControl2', new Float32Array(this.cloudControl2));
    this.materialInstance.setFloat4Parameter('waterControl', new Float32Array(this.waterControl));
    this.materialInstance.setFloat4Parameter('starControl', new Float32Array(this.starControl));
-    this.materialInstance.setFloatParameter('starIntensity', this.starIntensity);

    this.materialInstance.setFloatParameter('sunIntensity', physicalSunIntensity);

@@ -629,13 +615,12 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {

    this.materialInstance.setFloatParameter('sunIntensity2', finalMoonIntensity);

-    // Scale Milky Way by Sun Intensity
-    // Calibration: 1.0 User Intensity = 1.5e-3 cd/m^2 (Nits) approx.
-    // Target: 1.5e-3 Nits. SunIntensity = 100,000.
-    // Scale = 1.5e-3 / 1.0e5 = 1.5e-8.
+    // Scale Milky Way by Sun Intensity (Pre-exposed) to match dynamic range
+    // Calibration: 1.0 User Intensity ~ 0.025 Lux Relative (approx 2.5% of Sun Pixel Value at Day)
+    // At Sunny 16 (Sun ~ 2.6), this gives ~0.065 pixel brightness, which is visible but dim.
    const mwIntensity = this.milkyWayEnabled ? this.milkyWayControl[0] : 0.0;
    const mwUniform = [
-      mwIntensity * this.sunIntensity * 1.5e-8,
+      mwIntensity * this.sunIntensity * 0.025,
      this.milkyWayControl[1],
      this.milkyWayControl[2]
    ];
@@ -649,7 +634,6 @@ class SimulatedSkybox {
    const moonHaloUpload = [...this.moonHalo];
    moonHaloUpload[2] *= moonRadConv;
    this.materialInstance.setFloat4Parameter('sunHalo2', new Float32Array(moonHaloUpload));
-    this.materialInstance.setFloatParameter('exposure', this.exposure !== undefined ? this.exposure : 1.0);

    // Solar Eclipse (CPU Calculation)
    const sunRadius = Math.acos(this.sunHalo[0]);
@@ -218,7 +218,6 @@ class App {
    const exposure = this.getExposure();
    const preExposedIntensity = this.params.sunIntensity * exposure;
    this.skybox.setSunIntensity(preExposedIntensity);
-    this.skybox.setExposure(exposure); // Update Skybox Exposure Uniform

    // Moon Exposure
    if (this.mParams) {
@@ -390,7 +389,7 @@ class App {
    };

    mwFolder.add(this.mwParams, 'enabled').name('Enabled').onChange(updateMW);
-    mwFolder.add(this.mwParams, 'intensity', 0.0, 100.0).onChange(updateMW);
+    mwFolder.add(this.mwParams, 'intensity', 0.0, 5.0).onChange(updateMW);
    mwFolder.add(this.mwParams, 'saturation', 0.0, 2.0).onChange(updateMW);
    mwFolder.add(this.mwParams, 'blackPoint', 0.0, 0.5).name('Black Point').onChange(updateMW);
    mwFolder.add(this.mwParams, 'siderealTime', 0.0, 24.0).name('Sidereal Time').listen().onChange(updateMW);
@@ -465,23 +464,18 @@ class App {
    const starFolder = gui.addFolder('Stars');
    this.sParams = {
      enabled: true,
-      density: 0.001,
-      intensity: 0.0 // 2^0 = 1.0
+      density: 0.001
    };
    // Initialize defaults (Density 0.001, Enabled True)
    sky.setStarControl(0.001, true);
-    sky.setStarIntensity(Math.pow(2.0, 0.0));

    const updateStars = () => {
      sky.setStarControl(this.sParams.density, this.sParams.enabled);
-      sky.setStarIntensity(Math.pow(2.0, this.sParams.intensity));
    };

    starFolder.add(this.sParams, 'enabled').name('Enabled').onChange(updateStars);
    starFolder.add(this.sParams, 'density', 0.0, 0.01, 0.0001).name('Density').onChange(updateStars);
-    starFolder.add(this.sParams, 'intensity', 0.0, 24.0).name('Intensity (Exp)').onChange(updateStars);
    starFolder.close();
-    this.updateStars = updateStars;

    const artFolder = gui.addFolder('Artistic');
    // Set Horizon Glow default to 0.0
@@ -495,7 +489,7 @@ class App {
    artFolder.add(sky.msFactors, 2, 0.0, 1.0).name('Horizon Glow').onChange(v => sky.setHorizonGlow(v));
    artFolder.add(sky, 'contrast', 0.1, 2.0).onChange(v => sky.setContrast(v));

-
+    artFolder.addColor(sky, 'nightColor').onChange(v => sky.setNightColor(v));

    const shmFolder = artFolder.addFolder('Shimmer');
    // Set Shimmer Strength default to 0.0
@@ -508,7 +502,7 @@ class App {
    const camFolder = gui.addFolder('Camera');
    camFolder.add(this.params, 'focalLength', 8.0, 300.0).name('Focal Length').onChange(() => this.updateCameraProjection());
    camFolder.add(this.params, 'aperture', 1.4, 32.0).onChange(() => this.updateCameraExposure());
-    camFolder.add(this.params, 'shutterSpeed', 0.05, 1000.0).onChange(() => this.updateCameraExposure());
+    camFolder.add(this.params, 'shutterSpeed', 1.0, 1000.0).onChange(() => this.updateCameraExposure());
    camFolder.add(this.params, 'iso', 50.0, 3200.0).onChange(() => this.updateCameraExposure());

    const bloomFolder = camFolder.addFolder('Bloom');
@@ -698,15 +692,13 @@ class App {
    const s = this.sParams;
    const b = this.bParams;
    const m = this.mParams;
-    const mw = this.mwParams;
    const sk = this.skybox;

    return {
      p: { a: p.aperture, ss: p.shutterSpeed, i: p.iso, st: p.sunTheta, sp: p.sunPhi, fl: p.focalLength, si: p.sunIntensity },
      c: { v: c.volumetrics, co: c.coverage, d: c.density, h: c.height, s: c.speed, e: c.evolution },
      w: { dt: w.derivativeTrick, st: w.strength, s: w.speed, o: w.octaves },
-      s: { e: s.enabled, d: s.density, i: s.intensity },
-      mw: { e: mw.enabled, i: mw.intensity, s: mw.saturation, bp: mw.blackPoint, st: mw.siderealTime, l: mw.latitude },
+      s: { e: s.enabled, d: s.density },
      b: { e: b.enabled, lf: b.lensFlare },
      m: { e: m.enabled, az: m.azimuth, h: m.height, r: m.radius, i: m.intensity },
      cm: { t: this.camState.theta, p: this.camState.phi },
@@ -731,7 +723,6 @@ class App {
    const c = state.c;
    const w = state.w;
    const s = state.s;
-    const mw = state.mw;
    const b = state.b;
    const m = state.m;
    const k = state.k;
@@ -766,18 +757,6 @@ class App {
    if (s) {
      if (s.e !== undefined) this.sParams.enabled = s.e;
      if (s.d !== undefined) this.sParams.density = s.d;
-      if (s.i !== undefined) this.sParams.intensity = s.i;
-      if (this.updateStars) this.updateStars();
-    }
-
-    if (mw) {
-      if (mw.e !== undefined) this.mwParams.enabled = mw.e;
-      if (mw.i !== undefined) this.mwParams.intensity = mw.i;
-      if (mw.s !== undefined) this.mwParams.saturation = mw.s;
-      if (mw.bp !== undefined) this.mwParams.blackPoint = mw.bp;
-      if (mw.st !== undefined) this.mwParams.siderealTime = mw.st;
-      if (mw.l !== undefined) this.mwParams.latitude = mw.l;
-      if (this.updateMW) this.updateMW();
    }

    if (b) {
@@ -96,20 +96,10 @@ material {
            name : starControl, // x=Density, y=Enabled, z=Frequency, w=PixelScale
            precision : high
        },
-        {
-            type : float,
-            name : starIntensity,
-            precision : high
-        },
        {
            type : sampler2d,
            name : moonTexture
        },
-        {
-            type : float,
-            name : exposure,
-            precision : high
-        },
        {
            type : sampler2d,
            name : moonNormal
@@ -172,9 +162,9 @@ fragment {
    // --- CONFIGURATION ---

    // Stars
-    #define STAR_GLOBAL_INTENSITY 100.0      // Master brightness multiplier [0.0 - 500.0]
-    #define STAR_BRIGHTNESS_BASE 0.01        // Minimum random brightness [0.0 - 1.0]
-    #define STAR_BRIGHTNESS_VAR 15.0         // Random brightness variance range [0.0 - 10.0]
+    #define STAR_GLOBAL_INTENSITY 150.0      // Master brightness multiplier [0.0 - 500.0]
+    #define STAR_BRIGHTNESS_BASE 0.5         // Minimum random brightness [0.0 - 1.0]
+    #define STAR_BRIGHTNESS_VAR 4.0          // Random brightness variance range [0.0 - 10.0]
    #define STAR_FADE_SUN_ELV_HIGH 0.10      // Sun elevation (sin) where stars are fully hidden [0.0 - 0.5]
    #define STAR_FADE_SUN_ELV_LOW -0.20      // Sun elevation (sin) where stars are fully visible [-0.5 - 0.0]
    #define STAR_CLOUD_OCCLUSION 0.1         // Visibility when covered by clouds [0.0 - 1.0]
@@ -971,11 +961,7 @@ fragment {
                             highp vec4 sunHalo, highp vec4 cloudControl, highp vec4 cloudControl2, 
                             highp vec4 shimmerControl, highp vec4 waterControl,
                             highp vec3 L2, highp float sunIntensity2, highp vec4 sunHalo2,
-                             sampler2D moonTex, sampler2D moonNormal,
-                             highp vec3 nightColor,
-                             highp mat3 milkyWayRotation,
-                             highp vec3 milkyWayControl,
-                             sampler2D milkyWayTexture) {
+                             sampler2D moonTex, sampler2D moonNormal) {

        // Project to plane y=0
        highp float t = WATER_PLANE_HEIGHT / min(V.y, -0.0002); // Reduced clamp to minimize "wall" artifact
@@ -1071,7 +1057,7 @@ fragment {
         highp float rHorizonMask = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.0, REFLECTION_HORIZON_FADE, R.y);
        
        if (rHorizonMask > 0.0) {
-             reflection += getStarLayer(R, L, reflCloudDensity, outTransmittance, materialParams.starControl) * rHorizonMask * materialParams.exposure;
+             reflection += getStarLayer(R, L, reflCloudDensity, outTransmittance, materialParams.starControl) * rHorizonMask;
        }

        // Sun Disk Reflection
@@ -1102,29 +1088,6 @@ fragment {
        // Apply clouds to reflection
        reflection = mix(reflection, reflCloudLayer, reflCloudDensity);
                
-        // Add Milky Way to Reflection
-        // Calculate Fade based on Sun Elevation
-        highp float sunElvSin = L.y;
-        highp float mwFade = smoothstep(STAR_FADE_SUN_ELV_HIGH, STAR_FADE_SUN_ELV_LOW, sunElvSin);
-        
-        if (mwFade > 0.0) {
-                 highp vec3 mwColor = getMilkyWay(R, milkyWayRotation, milkyWayTexture, milkyWayControl);
-                 
-                 // Apply Atmosphere Transmittance (approximate)
-                 mwColor *= outTransmittance;
-                 
-                 // Apply Fades
-                 mwColor *= mwFade;
-                 mwColor *= (1.0 - reflMoonOcclusion); // Occlude by Moon
-                 mwColor *= (1.0 - reflCloudDensity);  // Occlude by Clouds
-                 
-                 reflection += mwColor;
-        }
-                
-
-        // Add Night Color to Reflection
-        reflection += nightColor;
-                
        // Fresnel
        highp float F0 = WATER_FRESNEL_F0; // Water
        highp float cosTheta = clamp(dot(-V, N_water), 0.0, 1.0);
@@ -1224,7 +1187,7 @@ fragment {

        // 7. Stars
        // Add stars before clouds (clouds cover stars)
-        highp vec3 starColor = getStarLayer(V, L, cloudDensityVal, transmittance, materialParams.starControl) * materialParams.exposure * materialParams.starIntensity;
+        highp vec3 starColor = getStarLayer(V, L, cloudDensityVal, transmittance, materialParams.starControl);
        
        // 7b. Milky Way
        // Add Milky Way behind stars (conceptually) but handled similarly
@@ -1269,11 +1232,7 @@ fragment {
                                       materialParams.shimmerControl,
                                       materialParams.waterControl,
                                       L2, materialParams.sunIntensity2, materialParams.sunHalo2,
-                                       materialParams_moonTexture, materialParams_moonNormal,
-                                       materialParams.nightColor,
-                                       materialParams.milkyWayRotation,
-                                       materialParams.milkyWayControl,
-                                       materialParams_milkyWayTexture);
+                                       materialParams_moonTexture, materialParams_moonNormal);
            color = applyDynamicToneMapping(color, L, materialParams.contrast);
        }

@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ set(SRCS
        src/MorphTargetBuffer.cpp
        src/PostProcessManager.cpp
        src/ProgramSpecialization.cpp
-        src/LocalProgramCache.cpp
        src/RenderPass.cpp
        src/RenderPrimitive.cpp
        src/RenderTarget.cpp
@@ -187,7 +186,6 @@ set(PRIVATE_HDRS
        src/MaterialCache.h
        src/MaterialDefinition.h
        src/MaterialParser.h
-        src/LocalProgramCache.h
        src/MaterialInstanceManager.h
        src/PIDController.h
        src/PostProcessManager.h
@@ -564,171 +564,169 @@ endif()
 # ==================================================================================================
 # Test
 # ==================================================================================================
-if (FILAMENT_BUILD_TESTING)
-    option(INSTALL_BACKEND_TEST "Install the backend test library so it can be consumed on iOS" OFF)
+option(INSTALL_BACKEND_TEST "Install the backend test library so it can be consumed on iOS" OFF)

-    if (APPLE OR LINUX)
-        set(BACKEND_TEST_SRC
-            test/BackendTest.cpp
-            test/ShaderGenerator.cpp
-            test/TrianglePrimitive.cpp
-            test/Arguments.cpp
-            test/ImageExpectations.cpp
-            test/Lifetimes.cpp
-            test/PlatformRunner.cpp
-            test/Shader.cpp
-            test/SharedShaders.cpp
-            test/Skip.cpp
-            test/test_Autoresolve.cpp
-            test/test_FeedbackLoops.cpp
-            test/test_Blit.cpp
-            test/test_MissingRequiredAttributes.cpp
-            test/test_ReadPixels.cpp
-            test/test_ReadTexture.cpp
-            test/test_BufferUpdates.cpp
-            test/test_Callbacks.cpp
-            test/test_JobQueue.cpp
-            test/test_MemoryMappedBuffer.cpp
-            test/test_MsaaSwapChain.cpp
-            test/test_MRT.cpp
-            test/test_PushConstants.cpp
-            test/test_LoadImage.cpp
-            test/test_StencilBuffer.cpp
-            test/test_Scissor.cpp
-            test/test_MipLevels.cpp
-            test/test_Handles.cpp
-            test/test_CircularBuffer.cpp
-            test/test_CommandBufferQueue.cpp
-            test/test_Template.cpp
-            test/test_Platform.cpp
+if (APPLE OR LINUX)
+    set(BACKEND_TEST_SRC
+        test/BackendTest.cpp
+        test/ShaderGenerator.cpp
+        test/TrianglePrimitive.cpp
+        test/Arguments.cpp
+        test/ImageExpectations.cpp
+        test/Lifetimes.cpp
+        test/PlatformRunner.cpp
+        test/Shader.cpp
+        test/SharedShaders.cpp
+        test/Skip.cpp
+        test/test_FeedbackLoops.cpp
+        test/test_Blit.cpp
+        test/test_MissingRequiredAttributes.cpp
+        test/test_ReadPixels.cpp
+        test/test_ReadTexture.cpp
+        test/test_BufferUpdates.cpp
+        test/test_Callbacks.cpp
+        test/test_JobQueue.cpp
+        test/test_MemoryMappedBuffer.cpp
+        test/test_MsaaSwapChain.cpp
+        test/test_MRT.cpp
+        test/test_PushConstants.cpp
+        test/test_LoadImage.cpp
+        test/test_StencilBuffer.cpp
+        test/test_Scissor.cpp
+        test/test_MipLevels.cpp
+        test/test_Handles.cpp
+        test/test_CircularBuffer.cpp
+        test/test_CommandBufferQueue.cpp
+        test/test_Template.cpp
+    )
+    if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
+        list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_SRC
+                test/test_WebGPUAsyncTaskCounter.cpp
+                test/test_WebGPUComposeSwizzle.cpp)
+    endif()
+    if (APPLE)
+        # Metal-specific tests
+        list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_SRC
+            test/test_MetalBlitter.mm
        )
-        if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
-            list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_SRC
-                    test/test_WebGPUAsyncTaskCounter.cpp
-                    test/test_WebGPUComposeSwizzle.cpp)
-        endif()
-        if (APPLE)
-            # Metal-specific tests
-            list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_SRC
-                test/test_MetalBlitter.mm
-            )
-        endif()
-        set(BACKEND_TEST_LIBS
-            absl::str_format
-            backend
+    endif()
+    set(BACKEND_TEST_LIBS
+        absl::str_format
+        backend
+        getopt
+        gtest
+        imageio
+        filamat
+        SPIRV
+        spirv-cross-glsl)
+    # Create input/output directories for test result images.
+    file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/images/actual_images)
+    file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/images/diff_images)
+    file(COPY test/expected_images DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/images)
+endif()
+
+# TODO: Disabling IOS test due to breakage wrt glslang update
+if (APPLE AND NOT IOS)
+    # TODO: we should expand this test to Linux and other platforms.
+    list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_SRC
+         test/test_RenderExternalImage.cpp)
+    add_library(backend_test STATIC ${BACKEND_TEST_SRC})
+    target_link_libraries(backend_test PUBLIC ${BACKEND_TEST_LIBS})
+    target_compile_options(backend_test PRIVATE "-fobjc-arc")
+
+    set(BACKEND_TEST_DEPS
+            OSDependent
+            SPIRV
+            SPIRV-Tools
+            SPIRV-Tools-opt
+            backend_test
            getopt
            gtest
-            imageio
-            filamat
-            SPIRV
-            spirv-cross-glsl)
-        # Create input/output directories for test result images.
-        file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/images/actual_images)
-        file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/images/diff_images)
-        file(COPY test/expected_images DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/images)
+            glslang
+            spirv-cross-core
+            spirv-cross-glsl
+            spirv-cross-msl)
+
+    if (NOT IOS)
+        target_link_libraries(backend_test PRIVATE image imageio)
+        list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_DEPS image)
+    endif()
+    if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
+        target_link_libraries(backend_test PRIVATE webgpu_dawn dawncpp_headers)
+        list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_DEPS webgpu_dawn dawncpp_headers)
    endif()

-    # TODO: Disabling IOS test due to breakage wrt glslang update
-    if (APPLE AND NOT IOS)
-        # TODO: we should expand this test to Linux and other platforms.
-        list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_SRC
-            test/test_RenderExternalImage.cpp)
-        add_library(backend_test STATIC ${BACKEND_TEST_SRC})
-        target_link_libraries(backend_test PUBLIC ${BACKEND_TEST_LIBS})
-        target_compile_options(backend_test PRIVATE "-fobjc-arc")
+    set(BACKEND_TEST_COMBINED_OUTPUT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/libbackendtest_combined.a")
+    combine_static_libs(backend_test "${BACKEND_TEST_COMBINED_OUTPUT}" "${BACKEND_TEST_DEPS}")

-        set(BACKEND_TEST_DEPS
-                OSDependent
-                SPIRV
-                SPIRV-Tools
-                SPIRV-Tools-opt
-                backend_test
-                getopt
-                gtest
-                glslang
-                spirv-cross-core
-                spirv-cross-glsl
-                spirv-cross-msl)
+    set(BACKEND_TEST_LIB_NAME ${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}backend_test${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX})

-        if (NOT IOS)
-            target_link_libraries(backend_test PRIVATE image imageio)
-            list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_DEPS image)
-        endif()
-        if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
-            target_link_libraries(backend_test PRIVATE webgpu_dawn dawncpp_headers)
-            list(APPEND BACKEND_TEST_DEPS webgpu_dawn dawncpp_headers)
-        endif()
-
-        set(BACKEND_TEST_COMBINED_OUTPUT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/libbackendtest_combined.a")
-        combine_static_libs(backend_test "${BACKEND_TEST_COMBINED_OUTPUT}" "${BACKEND_TEST_DEPS}")
-
-        set(BACKEND_TEST_LIB_NAME ${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}backend_test${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX})
-
-        if (INSTALL_BACKEND_TEST)
-            install(FILES "${BACKEND_TEST_COMBINED_OUTPUT}" DESTINATION lib/${DIST_DIR} RENAME ${BACKEND_TEST_LIB_NAME})
-            install(FILES test/PlatformRunner.h DESTINATION include/backend_test)
-        endif()
-
-        set_target_properties(backend_test PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
-
-        if (APPLE AND NOT IOS)
-            add_executable(backend_test_mac test/mac_runner.mm)
-            target_link_libraries(backend_test_mac PRIVATE "-framework Metal -framework AppKit -framework QuartzCore")
-            # Because each test case is a separate file, the -force_load flag is necessary to prevent the
-            # linker from removing "unused" symbols.
-            target_link_libraries(backend_test_mac PRIVATE -force_load backend_test)
-            set_target_properties(backend_test_mac PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
-
-            # This is needed after XCode 15.3
-            set_target_properties(backend_test_mac PROPERTIES BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH TRUE)
-            set_target_properties(backend_test_mac PROPERTIES INSTALL_RPATH /usr/local/lib)
-        endif()
+    if (INSTALL_BACKEND_TEST)
+        install(FILES "${BACKEND_TEST_COMBINED_OUTPUT}" DESTINATION lib/${DIST_DIR} RENAME ${BACKEND_TEST_LIB_NAME})
+        install(FILES test/PlatformRunner.h DESTINATION include/backend_test)
    endif()

-    if (LINUX)
-        add_executable(backend_test_linux test/linux_runner.cpp ${BACKEND_TEST_SRC})
-        target_link_libraries(backend_test_linux PRIVATE ${BACKEND_TEST_LIBS})
-        set_target_properties(backend_test_linux PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
-        if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
-            target_link_libraries(backend_test_linux PRIVATE webgpu_dawn dawncpp_headers)
-        endif()
-    endif()
-
-    # ==================================================================================================
-    # Compute tests
-    #
-    #if (NOT IOS AND NOT WEBGL)
-    #
-    #add_executable(compute_test
-    #        test/ComputeTest.cpp
-    #        test/Arguments.cpp
-    #        test/test_ComputeBasic.cpp
-    #        )
-    #
-    #target_link_libraries(compute_test PRIVATE
-    #        backend
-    #        getopt
-    #        gtest
-    #        )
-    #
-    #set_target_properties(compute_test PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
-    #
-    #endif()
-
-    # ==================================================================================================
-    # Metal utils tests
+    set_target_properties(backend_test PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)

    if (APPLE AND NOT IOS)
-        add_executable(metal_utils_test test/MetalTest.mm)
+       add_executable(backend_test_mac test/mac_runner.mm)
+       target_link_libraries(backend_test_mac PRIVATE "-framework Metal -framework AppKit -framework QuartzCore")
+       # Because each test case is a separate file, the -force_load flag is necessary to prevent the
+       # linker from removing "unused" symbols.
+       target_link_libraries(backend_test_mac PRIVATE -force_load backend_test)
+       set_target_properties(backend_test_mac PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)

-        target_compile_options(metal_utils_test PRIVATE "-fobjc-arc")
-
-        target_link_libraries(metal_utils_test PRIVATE
-                backend
-                getopt
-                gtest
-                )
-
-        set_target_properties(metal_utils_test PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
+       # This is needed after XCode 15.3
+       set_target_properties(backend_test_mac PROPERTIES BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH TRUE)
+       set_target_properties(backend_test_mac PROPERTIES INSTALL_RPATH /usr/local/lib)
    endif()
 endif()
+
+if (LINUX)
+    add_executable(backend_test_linux test/linux_runner.cpp ${BACKEND_TEST_SRC})
+    target_link_libraries(backend_test_linux PRIVATE ${BACKEND_TEST_LIBS})
+    set_target_properties(backend_test_linux PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
+    if (FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
+        target_link_libraries(backend_test_linux PRIVATE webgpu_dawn dawncpp_headers)
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+# ==================================================================================================
+# Compute tests
+#
+#if (NOT IOS AND NOT WEBGL)
+#
+#add_executable(compute_test
+#        test/ComputeTest.cpp
+#        test/Arguments.cpp
+#        test/test_ComputeBasic.cpp
+#        )
+#
+#target_link_libraries(compute_test PRIVATE
+#        backend
+#        getopt
+#        gtest
+#        )
+#
+#set_target_properties(compute_test PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
+#
+#endif()
+
+# ==================================================================================================
+# Metal utils tests
+
+if (APPLE AND NOT IOS)
+
+add_executable(metal_utils_test test/MetalTest.mm)
+
+target_compile_options(metal_utils_test PRIVATE "-fobjc-arc")
+
+target_link_libraries(metal_utils_test PRIVATE
+        backend
+        getopt
+        gtest
+        )
+
+set_target_properties(metal_utils_test PROPERTIES FOLDER Tests)
+
+endif()
@@ -216,17 +216,6 @@ public:
        MULTIVIEW,
    };

-    /**
-     * Types of device/driver information that can be queried from the platform.
-     */
-    enum class DeviceInfoType {
-        OPENGL_RENDERER,    //!< glGetString(GL_RENDERER)
-        OPENGL_VENDOR,      //!< glGetString(GL_VENDOR)
-        VULKAN_DEVICE_NAME, //!< VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::deviceName
-        VULKAN_DRIVER_NAME, //!< VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties::driverName
-        VULKAN_DRIVER_INFO, //!< VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties::driverInfo
-    };
-
    /**
     * This controls the priority level for GPU work scheduling, which helps prioritize the
     * submitted GPU work and enables preemption.
@@ -327,7 +316,7 @@ public:
         */
        StereoscopicType stereoscopicType = StereoscopicType::NONE;

-        /**
+        /*
         * The number of eyes to render when stereoscopic rendering is enabled. Supported values are
         * between 1 and Engine::getMaxStereoscopicEyes() (inclusive).
         */
@@ -388,16 +377,6 @@ public:
     */
    virtual int getOSVersion() const noexcept = 0;

-    /**
-     * Queries device/driver information of the graphics API.
-     * @param infoType the type of information to query.
-     * @param driver a pointer to the current driver.
-     * @return a CString containing the requested information.
-     */
-    virtual utils::CString getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType infoType,
-            Driver* UTILS_NULLABLE driver) const noexcept = 0;
-
-
    /**
     * Creates and initializes the low-level API (e.g. an OpenGL context or Vulkan instance),
     * then creates the concrete Driver.
@@ -52,9 +52,6 @@ protected:

    ~OpenGLPlatform() noexcept override;

-    utils::CString getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType infoType,
-            Driver* UTILS_NULLABLE driver) const noexcept override;
-
 public:
    struct ExternalTexture {
        unsigned int target; // GLenum target
@@ -83,6 +83,22 @@ protected:
     */
    Driver* createDriver(void* sharedContext, const DriverConfig& driverConfig) override;

+    /**
+     * The implementation of *createDriver*.
+     * @param sharedContext an optional shared context. This is not meaningful with all graphic
+     *                      APIs and platforms.
+     *                      For EGL platforms, this is an EGLContext.
+     *
+     * @param driverConfig  specifies driver initialization parameters
+     *
+     * @param initFirstbyquery determines the order of initialization. If true, then we'd query by
+     *                         eglQueryDevicesEXT first instead of using the default display. Useful
+     *                         for headless egl initialization.
+     * @return nullptr on failure, or a pointer to the newly created driver.
+     */
+    Driver* createDriverBase(void* sharedContext, const DriverConfig& driverConfig,
+            bool initFirstByQuery);
+
    /**
     * This returns zero. This method can be overridden to return something more useful.
     * @return zero
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ public:

    Driver* createDriver(void* sharedContext, const Platform::DriverConfig& driverConfig) override;
    int getOSVersion() const noexcept override { return 0; }
-    utils::CString getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType, Driver*) const noexcept override { return {}; }

    /**
     * Optionally initializes the Metal platform by acquiring resources necessary for rendering.
@@ -143,8 +143,6 @@ public:
        return 0;
    }

-    utils::CString getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType infoType, Driver* driver) const noexcept override;
-
    // ----------------------------------------------------
    // ---------- Platform Customization options ----------
    struct Customization {
@@ -177,12 +175,6 @@ public:
         * presentation. Default is true.
         */
        bool transitionSwapChainImageLayoutForPresent = true;
-
-        /**
-         * The number of frames before an unused framebuffer is evicted from the cache.
-         * Default is 3.
-         */
-        uint32_t timeBeforeEvictionFbo = 3;
    };

    /**
@@ -46,9 +46,6 @@ public:
    ~WebGPUPlatform() override = default;

    [[nodiscard]] int getOSVersion() const noexcept final { return 0; }
-    [[nodiscard]] utils::CString getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType, Driver*) const noexcept override {
-        return {};
-    }

    [[nodiscard]] wgpu::Instance& getInstance() noexcept { return mInstance; }

@@ -123,63 +123,6 @@ void reshapeImageImpl(uint8_t* UTILS_RESTRICT dest, const uint8_t* UTILS_RESTRIC
    }
 }

-struct UnpackerR11G11B10 {
-    static void unpack(const uint8_t* src, float* out) {
-        uint32_t p;
-        std::memcpy(&p, src, 4);
-
-        using R11 = math::fp<0, 5, 6>;
-        using G11 = math::fp<0, 5, 6>;
-        using B10 = math::fp<0, 5, 5>;
-
-        out[0] = R11::tof(R11(uint16_t((p >> 21) & 0x7FF)));
-        out[1] = G11::tof(G11(uint16_t((p >> 10) & 0x7FF)));
-        out[2] = B10::tof(B10(uint16_t(p & 0x3FF)));
-    }
-};
-
-template<typename dstComponentType, typename Unpacker, bool Swizzle>
-static void reshapeImagePacked(uint8_t* UTILS_RESTRICT dest, const uint8_t* UTILS_RESTRICT src,
-        size_t srcBytesPerRow, size_t srcChannelCount, size_t dstRowOffset, size_t dstColumnOffset,
-        size_t dstBytesPerRow, size_t dstChannelCount, size_t width, size_t height, bool /*swizzle*/) {
-
-    dest += (dstRowOffset * dstBytesPerRow);
-    const dstComponentType dstMaxValue = getMaxValue<dstComponentType>();
-
-    for (size_t row = 0; row < height; ++row) {
-        const uint8_t* inPtr = src;
-        dstComponentType* out = (dstComponentType*) dest + (dstColumnOffset * dstChannelCount);
-
-        for (size_t column = 0; column < width; ++column) {
-            float rgba[4] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
-            Unpacker::unpack(inPtr, rgba);
-
-            if constexpr (Swizzle) {
-                std::swap(rgba[0], rgba[2]);
-            }
-
-            for (size_t c = 0; c < dstChannelCount; ++c) {
-                if constexpr (std::is_same_v<dstComponentType, float>) {
-                    out[c] = rgba[c];
-                } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<dstComponentType, math::half>) {
-                    out[c] = math::half(rgba[c]);
-                } else {
-                    out[c] = static_cast<dstComponentType>(std::clamp(
-                        static_cast<double>(rgba[c]) * static_cast<double>(dstMaxValue),
-                        0.0,
-                        static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<dstComponentType>::max())
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-
-            inPtr += 4;
-            out += dstChannelCount;
-        }
-        src += srcBytesPerRow;
-        dest += dstBytesPerRow;
-    }
-}
-
 } // anonymous namespace

 class DataReshaper {
@@ -251,8 +194,6 @@ public:
        constexpr auto UINT = PixelDataType::UINT;
        constexpr auto INT = PixelDataType::INT;
        constexpr auto HALF = PixelDataType::HALF;
-        constexpr auto UINT_10F_11F_11F_REV = PixelDataType::UINT_10F_11F_11F_REV;
-
        switch (dst->type) {
            case UBYTE:
                switch (srcType) {
@@ -268,10 +209,6 @@ public:
                    case INT: reshaper = reshapeImageImpl<uint8_t, int32_t>; break;
                    case UINT: reshaper = reshapeImageImpl<uint8_t, uint32_t>; break;
                    case HALF: reshaper = reshapeImageImpl<uint8_t, math::half>; break;
-                    case UINT_10F_11F_11F_REV:
-                        if (swizzle) reshaper = reshapeImagePacked<uint8_t, UnpackerR11G11B10, true>;
-                        else reshaper = reshapeImagePacked<uint8_t, UnpackerR11G11B10, false>;
-                        break;
                    default:
                        LOG(ERROR) << "DataReshaper: UBYTE dst, unsupported srcType: "
                                   << (int) srcType;
@@ -284,10 +221,6 @@ public:
                    case FLOAT: reshaper = reshapeImageImpl<float, float>; break;
                    case INT: reshaper = reshapeImageImpl<float, int32_t>; break;
                    case UINT: reshaper = reshapeImageImpl<float, uint32_t>; break;
-                    case UINT_10F_11F_11F_REV:
-                        if (swizzle) reshaper = reshapeImagePacked<float, UnpackerR11G11B10, true>;
-                        else reshaper = reshapeImagePacked<float, UnpackerR11G11B10, false>;
-                        break;
                    default:
                        LOG(ERROR) << "DataReshaper: FLOAT dst, unsupported srcType: "
                                   << (int) srcType;
@@ -300,10 +233,6 @@ public:
                    case FLOAT: reshaper = reshapeImageImpl<int32_t, float>; break;
                    case INT: reshaper = reshapeImageImpl<int32_t, int32_t>; break;
                    case UINT: reshaper = reshapeImageImpl<int32_t, uint32_t>; break;
-                    case UINT_10F_11F_11F_REV:
-                        if (swizzle) reshaper = reshapeImagePacked<int32_t, UnpackerR11G11B10, true>;
-                        else reshaper = reshapeImagePacked<int32_t, UnpackerR11G11B10, false>;
-                        break;
                    default:
                        LOG(ERROR)
                                << "DataReshaper: INT dst, unsupported srcType: " << (int) srcType;
@@ -316,10 +245,6 @@ public:
                    case FLOAT: reshaper = reshapeImageImpl<uint32_t, float>; break;
                    case INT: reshaper = reshapeImageImpl<uint32_t, int32_t>; break;
                    case UINT: reshaper = reshapeImageImpl<uint32_t, uint32_t>; break;
-                    case UINT_10F_11F_11F_REV:
-                        if (swizzle) reshaper = reshapeImagePacked<uint32_t, UnpackerR11G11B10, true>;
-                        else reshaper = reshapeImagePacked<uint32_t, UnpackerR11G11B10, false>;
-                        break;
                    default:
                        LOG(ERROR)
                                << "DataReshaper: UINT dst, unsupported srcType: " << (int) srcType;
@@ -331,10 +256,6 @@ public:
                    case HALF:
                        reshaper = copyImage;
                        break;
-                    case UINT_10F_11F_11F_REV:
-                        if (swizzle) reshaper = reshapeImagePacked<math::half, UnpackerR11G11B10, true>;
-                        else reshaper = reshapeImagePacked<math::half, UnpackerR11G11B10, false>;
-                        break;
                    default:
                        LOG(ERROR)
                                << "DataReshaper: HALF dst, unsupported srcType: " << (int) srcType;
@@ -25,11 +25,6 @@

 #include <mutex>

-#ifdef __ANDROID__
-#include <pthread.h>
-#endif
-
-
 namespace filament {

 using namespace utils;
@@ -110,21 +105,8 @@ JNIEnv* VirtualMachineEnv::getEnvironmentSlow() {
    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(mVirtualMachine)
            << "JNI_OnLoad() has not been called";

-#ifdef __ANDROID__
-    JavaVMAttachArgs args;
-    args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_6;
-    args.group = nullptr;
-    char threadName[16]; // pthread_getname_np returns at most 16 bytes
-    if (__builtin_available(android 26, *)) {
-        if (pthread_getname_np(pthread_self(), threadName, sizeof(threadName)) == 0) {
-            args.name = threadName;
-        } else {
-            args.name = nullptr;
-        }
-    } else {
-        args.name = nullptr;
-    }
-    jint const result = mVirtualMachine->AttachCurrentThread(&mJniEnv, &args);
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+    jint const result = mVirtualMachine->AttachCurrentThread(&mJniEnv, nullptr);
 #else
    jint const result = mVirtualMachine->AttachCurrentThread(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&mJniEnv), nullptr);
 #endif
@@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ MetalRenderTarget::MetalRenderTarget(MetalContext* context, uint32_t width, uint
        // a multisampled sidecar texture and do a resolve automatically.
        if (samples > 1 && texture->samples == 1) {
            auto& sidecar = texture->msaaSidecar;
-            if (!sidecar || sidecar.sampleCount != samples) {
+            if (!sidecar) {
                sidecar = createMultisampledTexture(mtlTexture.pixelFormat, texture->width,
                        texture->height, samples);
            }
@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ MetalRenderTarget::MetalRenderTarget(MetalContext* context, uint32_t width, uint
        // a multisampled sidecar texture and do a resolve automatically.
        if (samples > 1 && texture->samples == 1) {
            auto& sidecar = texture->msaaSidecar;
-            if (!sidecar || sidecar.sampleCount != samples) {
+            if (!sidecar) {
                sidecar = createMultisampledTexture(mtlTexture.pixelFormat, texture->width,
                        texture->height, samples);
            }
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@ MetalRenderTarget::MetalRenderTarget(MetalContext* context, uint32_t width, uint
        // a multisampled sidecar texture and do a resolve automatically.
        if (samples > 1 && texture->samples == 1) {
            auto& sidecar = texture->msaaSidecar;
-            if (!sidecar || sidecar.sampleCount != samples) {
+            if (!sidecar) {
                sidecar = createMultisampledTexture(mtlTexture.pixelFormat, texture->width,
                        texture->height, samples);
            }
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ class PlatformNoop final : public Platform {
 public:

    int getOSVersion() const noexcept final { return 0; }
-    utils::CString getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType, Driver*) const noexcept override { return {}; }

    ~PlatformNoop() noexcept override = default;

@@ -341,44 +341,7 @@ void GLDescriptorSet::bind(
                if (arg.handle) {
                    GLTexture const* const t = handleAllocator.handle_cast<GLTexture*>(arg.handle);
                    gl.bindTexture(unit, t->gl.target, t->gl.id, t->gl.external);
-                    SamplerParams params = arg.params;
-
-#if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
-                    // From https://registry.khronos.org/OpenGL-Refpages/es2.0/
-                    // GLES 2.0 will draw mipmapped samplers as black if the following conditions are not met:
-                    //
-                    // "...if the width or height of a texture image are not powers of two and either the
-                    // GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER is set to one of the functions that requires mipmaps or the
-                    // GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S or GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T is not set to GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE, then the
-                    // texture image unit will return (R, G, B, A) = (0, 0, 0, 1)."
-                    //
-                    // "If the texture has dimensions w × h , there are [floor(log2(max(w, h))) + 1] mipmap levels.
-                    // Level 0 is the original texture; level [floor(log2(max(w, h)))] is the final 1 × 1 mipmap."
-                    // "Suppose that a texture is accessed from a fragment shader or vertex shader and has set GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER
-                    // to one of the functions that requires mipmaps. If either the dimensions of the texture images currently
-                    // defined (with previous calls to glTexImage2D, glCompressedTexImage2D, or glCopyTexImage2D) do not follow
-                    // the proper sequence for mipmaps (described above), or there are fewer texture images defined than are needed,
-                    // or the set of texture images were defined with different formats or types, then the texture image unit
-                    // will return (R, G, B, A) = (0, 0, 0, 1)."
-                    //
-                    // So we force the sampler to a valid state in those cases.
-                    auto isPowerOfTwo = [](uint32_t x) -> bool { return (x & (x - 1)) == 0 && x > 0; };
-                    bool textureIsPowerOfTwo = isPowerOfTwo(t->width) && isPowerOfTwo(t->height);
-
-                    uint32_t requiredMipLevels = (std::floor(std::log2(std::max(t->width, std::max(t->height, t->depth)))) + 1);
-                    bool textureHasRequiredMipLevels = t->levels == requiredMipLevels;
-
-                    bool samplerCanBeInvalid = params.filterMin > SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR;
-                    if (samplerCanBeInvalid && (!textureIsPowerOfTwo || !textureHasRequiredMipLevels)) {
-                        if (params.filterMin == SamplerMinFilter::NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST
-                            || params.filterMin == SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST) {
-                            params.filterMin = SamplerMinFilter::NEAREST;
-                        } else {
-                            params.filterMin = SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR;
-                        }
-                    }
-#endif
-                    
+                    SamplerParams const params = arg.params;
                    glTexParameteri(t->gl.target, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
                            (GLint)GLUtils::getTextureFilter(params.filterMin));
                    glTexParameteri(t->gl.target, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public:
        GLenum getIndicesType() const noexcept {
            return indicesType;
        }
-    };
+    } gl;

    static bool queryOpenGLVersion(GLint* major, GLint* minor) noexcept;

@@ -3623,8 +3623,6 @@ void OpenGLDriver::detachStream(GLTexture* t) noexcept {
        case StreamType::NATIVE:
            mPlatform.detach(t->hwStream->stream);
            // ^ this deletes the texture id
-            // We still need to call unbind to update the bookkeeping.
-            gl.unbindTexture(t->gl.target, t->gl.id);
            break;
        case StreamType::ACQUIRED:
            gl.unbindTexture(t->gl.target, t->gl.id);
@@ -45,19 +45,6 @@ Driver* OpenGLPlatform::createDefaultDriver(OpenGLPlatform* platform,

 OpenGLPlatform::~OpenGLPlatform() noexcept = default;

-utils::CString OpenGLPlatform::getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType infoType,
-        Driver* driver) const noexcept {
-    switch (infoType) {
-        case DeviceInfoType::OPENGL_RENDERER:
-            return getRendererString(driver);
-        case DeviceInfoType::OPENGL_VENDOR:
-            return getVendorString(driver);
-        default:
-            FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(false) << "Unsupported DeviceInfoType for OpenGLPlatform";
-            return {};
-    }
-}
-
 utils::CString OpenGLPlatform::getVendorString(Driver const* driver) {
    auto const p = static_cast<OpenGLDriverBase const*>(driver);
 #if UTILS_HAS_RTTI
@@ -120,25 +120,57 @@ bool PlatformEGL::isOpenGL() const noexcept {
 PlatformEGL::ExternalImageEGL::~ExternalImageEGL() = default;

 Driver* PlatformEGL::createDriver(void* sharedContext, const DriverConfig& driverConfig) {
-    mEGLDisplay = eglGetDisplay(EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
-    assert_invariant(mEGLDisplay != EGL_NO_DISPLAY);
+    return createDriverBase(sharedContext, driverConfig, false /* initFirstByQuery */);
+}
+
+Driver* PlatformEGL::createDriverBase(void* sharedContext, const DriverConfig& driverConfig,
+        bool initFirstByQuery) {
+    static constexpr int kMaxNumEGLDevices = 32;

    EGLint major, minor;
-    EGLBoolean initialized = eglInitialize(mEGLDisplay, &major, &minor);
+    EGLBoolean initialized = false;

-    if (!initialized) {
-        EGLDeviceEXT eglDevice;
-        EGLint numDevices;
+    using InitFunc = std::function<void()>;
+
+    InitFunc queryInit = [&]() {
        PFNEGLQUERYDEVICESEXTPROC const eglQueryDevicesEXT =
                PFNEGLQUERYDEVICESEXTPROC(eglGetProcAddress("eglQueryDevicesEXT"));
-        if (eglQueryDevicesEXT != nullptr) {
-            eglQueryDevicesEXT(1, &eglDevice, &numDevices);
-            if(auto* getPlatformDisplay = reinterpret_cast<PFNEGLGETPLATFORMDISPLAYEXTPROC>(
-                    eglGetProcAddress("eglGetPlatformDisplay"))) {
-                mEGLDisplay = getPlatformDisplay(EGL_PLATFORM_DEVICE_EXT, eglDevice, nullptr);
+        PFNEGLGETPLATFORMDISPLAYEXTPROC const getPlatformDisplay =
+                PFNEGLGETPLATFORMDISPLAYEXTPROC(eglGetProcAddress("eglGetPlatformDisplay"));
+
+        if (!eglQueryDevicesEXT || !getPlatformDisplay) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        EGLint numDevices = 0;
+        EGLDeviceEXT eglDevices[kMaxNumEGLDevices];
+        if (eglQueryDevicesEXT(kMaxNumEGLDevices, eglDevices, &numDevices)) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < numDevices && !initialized; ++i) {
+                mEGLDisplay = getPlatformDisplay(EGL_PLATFORM_DEVICE_EXT, eglDevices[i], nullptr);
                initialized = eglInitialize(mEGLDisplay, &major, &minor);
            }
        }
+    };
+
+    InitFunc defaultInit = [&]() {
+        mEGLDisplay = eglGetDisplay(EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
+        initialized = eglInitialize(mEGLDisplay, &major, &minor);
+    };
+
+    // The order by which we check for display/device does matter because certain platforms have
+    // multiple displays/devices. We either return the first queried (and successfully init'd
+    // display) or just use the default display. Deciding which init path should go first is
+    // determined by the bool *initFirstByQuery*..
+    std::array<InitFunc, 2> initFuncs{ defaultInit, queryInit };
+    if (initFirstByQuery) {
+        std::swap(initFuncs[0], initFuncs[1]);
+    }
+
+    for (auto& initFunc: initFuncs) {
+        if (initialized) {
+            break;
+        }
+        initFunc();
    }

    if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(!initialized)) {
@@ -706,11 +738,10 @@ bool PlatformEGL::setExternalImage(ExternalImageHandleRef externalImage,
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 void PlatformEGL::initializeGlExtensions() noexcept {
+    // We're guaranteed to be on an ES platform, since we're using EGL
    const char* const extensions = (const char*)glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS);
-    if (extensions) {
-        GLUtils::unordered_string_set const glExtensions = GLUtils::split(extensions);
-        ext.gl.OES_EGL_image_external_essl3 = glExtensions.has("GL_OES_EGL_image_external_essl3");
-    }
+    GLUtils::unordered_string_set const glExtensions = GLUtils::split(extensions);
+    ext.gl.OES_EGL_image_external_essl3 = glExtensions.has("GL_OES_EGL_image_external_essl3");
 }

 EGLContext PlatformEGL::getContextForType(ContextType const type) const noexcept {
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ backend::Driver* PlatformEGLHeadless::createDriver(void* sharedContext,
        return nullptr;
    }

-    return PlatformEGL::createDriver(sharedContext, driverConfig);
+    return PlatformEGL::createDriverBase(sharedContext, driverConfig, true /* initFirstByQuery */);
 }

 } // namespace filament
@@ -29,12 +29,6 @@ using namespace bluevk;

 namespace filament::backend {

-std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence> VulkanCmdFence::completed() noexcept {
-    auto cmdFence = std::make_shared<VulkanCmdFence>(VK_NULL_HANDLE);
-    cmdFence->mStatus = VK_SUCCESS;
-    return cmdFence;
-}
-
 FenceStatus VulkanCmdFence::wait(VkDevice device, uint64_t const timeout,
    std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point const until) {

@@ -40,13 +40,6 @@ struct VulkanCmdFence {
    explicit VulkanCmdFence(VkFence fence) : mFence(fence) { }
    ~VulkanCmdFence() = default;

-    // Creates a VulkanCmdFence with its status set to VK_SUCCESS. It holds
-    // a null handle; it is assumed that any user of this object will avoid
-    // using the fence handle directly if getStatus() returns VK_SUCCESS, as
-    // in that case, it's likely the fence is being reused for other passes,
-    // and is not in the expected state anyway.
-    static std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence> completed() noexcept;
-
    void setStatus(VkResult const value) {
        std::lock_guard const l(mLock);
        mStatus = value;
@@ -277,11 +277,7 @@ private:
    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanSemaphore> mLastSubmit;

    VkFence mLastFence = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    // Start out with a completed fence, because if no commands have
-    // been queued or submited, then by definition, all pending work
-    // is complete.
-    std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence> mLastFenceStatus =
-            VulkanCmdFence::completed();
+    std::shared_ptr<VulkanCmdFence> mLastFenceStatus;

    VkPipelineStageFlags mInjectedDependencyWaitStage = 0;
 };
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaPool)
 namespace filament::backend {

 struct VulkanCommandBuffer;
-struct VulkanRenderPass;
 struct VulkanRenderTarget;
 struct VulkanSwapChain;
 struct VulkanTexture;
@@ -59,11 +58,11 @@ struct VulkanAttachment {
    VkImageSubresourceRange getSubresourceRange() const;
 };

-struct VulkanRenderPassContext {
+struct VulkanRenderPass {
    // Between the begin and end command render pass we cache the command buffer
    VulkanCommandBuffer* commandBuffer;
    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget> renderTarget;
-    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderPass> renderPass;
+    VkRenderPass renderPass;
    RenderPassParams params;
    int currentSubpass;
 };
@@ -137,14 +136,6 @@ public:
        return mFenceExportFlags;
    }

-    inline const char* getPhysicalDeviceName() const noexcept {
-        return mPhysicalDeviceProperties.properties.deviceName;
-    }
-
-    inline const char* getDriverName() const noexcept { return mDriverProperties.driverName; }
-
-    inline const char* getDriverInfo() const noexcept { return mDriverProperties.driverInfo; }
-
    inline bool isImageCubeArraySupported() const noexcept {
        return mPhysicalDeviceFeatures.features.imageCubeArray == VK_TRUE;
    }
@@ -220,16 +211,11 @@ public:
        return mGlobalPrioritySupported;
    }

-    inline bool isDriverPropertiesSupported() const noexcept { return mDriverPropertiesSupported; }
-
 private:
    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties mMemoryProperties = {};
    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 mPhysicalDeviceProperties = {
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2,
    };
-    VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties mDriverProperties = {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DRIVER_PROPERTIES,
-    };
    VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features mPhysicalDeviceVk11Features = {
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_1_FEATURES,
    };
@@ -259,7 +245,6 @@ private:
    bool mProtectedMemorySupported = false;
    bool mVertexInputDynamicStateSupported = false;
    bool mGlobalPrioritySupported = false;
-    bool mDriverPropertiesSupported = false;

    // These are options that can be enabled or disabled at an application level.
    bool mAsyncPipelineCachePrewarmingEnabled = false;
@@ -355,8 +355,35 @@ void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::updateBuffer(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescri
 }

 void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::updateSampler(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> set,
-        uint8_t binding, fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanTexture> texture,
-        VkSampler sampler, VkDescriptorSetLayout externalSamplerLayout) noexcept {
+        uint8_t binding, fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanTexture> texture, VkSampler sampler,
+        VkDescriptorSetLayout externalSamplerLayout) noexcept {
+
+    // We have to update a bound set for two use cases
+    //   - streaming API (a changing feed of AHardwareBuffer)
+    //   - external samplers - potential changing of dataspace per-frame
+
+    // TODO: Fix the stream flow case base on the above comment!!
+    if (set->isAnExternalSamplerBound) {
+        auto layout = set->getLayout();
+        // Build a new descriptor set from the new layout
+        VkDescriptorSetLayout const genLayout = set->boundLayout;
+        VkDescriptorSet const newSet = getVkSet(layout->count, genLayout);
+        Bitmask const ubo = layout->bitmask.ubo | layout->bitmask.dynamicUbo;
+        Bitmask samplers = layout->bitmask.sampler;
+        samplers.unset(binding);
+
+        // Each bitmask denotes a binding index, and separated into two stages - vertex and buffer
+        // We fold the two stages into just the lower half of the bits to denote a combined set of
+        // bindings.
+        Bitmask const copyBindings = foldBitsInHalf(ubo | samplers);
+        VkDescriptorSet const srcSet = set->getVkSet();
+        copySet(srcSet, newSet, copyBindings);
+        set->addNewSet(newSet,
+                [this, layoutCount = layout->count, genLayout, newSet](VulkanDescriptorSet*) {
+                    this->manualRecycle(layoutCount, genLayout, newSet);
+                });
+    }
+
    VkDescriptorSet const vkset = set->getVkSet();
    VkImageSubresourceRange range = texture->getPrimaryViewRange();
    VkImageViewType const expectedType = texture->getViewType();
@@ -405,28 +432,6 @@ fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> VulkanDescriptorSetCache::createSet
    return set;
 }

-void VulkanDescriptorSetCache::cloneSet(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> set,
-        fvkutils::SamplerBitmask samplerMask) noexcept {
-    auto const& layout = set->getLayout();
-    // Build a new descriptor set from layout
-    VkDescriptorSetLayout const genLayout = set->boundLayout;
-    VkDescriptorSet const newSet = getVkSet(layout->count, genLayout);
-
-    // Each bitmask denotes a binding index, and separated into two stages - vertex and buffer
-    // We fold the two stages into just the lower half of the bits to denote a combined set of
-    // bindings.
-    Bitmask const ubo = layout->bitmask.ubo | layout->bitmask.dynamicUbo;
-    // Don't copy the samplers in the mask
-    Bitmask samplers = layout->bitmask.sampler ^ samplerMask;
-    Bitmask const copyBindings = foldBitsInHalf(ubo | samplers);
-
-    VkDescriptorSet const srcSet = set->getVkSet();
-    copySet(srcSet, newSet, copyBindings);
-    set->addNewSet(newSet,
-            [this, layoutCount = layout->count, genLayout, newSet](
-                    VulkanDescriptorSet*) { this->manualRecycle(layoutCount, genLayout, newSet); });
-}
-
 VkDescriptorSet VulkanDescriptorSetCache::getVkSet(DescriptorCount const& count,
        VkDescriptorSetLayout vklayout) {
    return mDescriptorPool->obtainSet(count, vklayout);
@@ -76,11 +76,6 @@ public:
    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> createSet(Handle<HwDescriptorSet> handle,
            fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout> layout);

-    // Create and set as current a new VkDescriptorSet using the `set` currently bound layout and
-    // copy all the bindings and ignoring the samplers bindings in the `samplerMask`.
-    void cloneSet(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSet> set,
-            fvkutils::SamplerBitmask samplerMask) noexcept;
-
    // This method is meant to be used with external samplers
    VkDescriptorSet getVkSet(DescriptorCount const& count, VkDescriptorSetLayout vklayout);

@@ -260,8 +260,7 @@ VulkanDriver::VulkanDriver(VulkanPlatform* platform, VulkanContext& context,
      mPipelineCache(*this, mPlatform->getDevice(), mContext),
      mStagePool(mAllocator, &mResourceManager, &mCommands, &mContext.getPhysicalDeviceLimits()),
      mBufferCache(mContext, mResourceManager, mAllocator),
-      mFramebufferCache(mPlatform->getDevice(),
-              mPlatform->getCustomization().timeBeforeEvictionFbo),
+      mFramebufferCache(mPlatform->getDevice()),
      mYcbcrConversionCache(mPlatform->getDevice()),
      mSamplerCache(mPlatform->getDevice()),
      mBlitter(mPlatform->getPhysicalDevice(), &mCommands),
@@ -1914,6 +1913,9 @@ void VulkanDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth, const RenderPassP

    auto rt = resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget>::cast(&mResourceManager, rth);

+    VulkanCommandBuffer* commandBuffer = rt->isProtected() ?
+           &mCommands.getProtected() : &mCommands.get();
+
    // Filament has the expectation that the contents of the swap chain are not preserved on the
    // first render pass. Note however that its contents are often preserved on subsequent render
    // passes, due to multiple views.
@@ -1928,11 +1930,6 @@ void VulkanDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth, const RenderPassP
        }
    }

-    // Note that this needs to come after the acquireNextswapchainImage() above because that path
-    // might flush the current command buffer.
-    VulkanCommandBuffer* commandBuffer =
-            rt->isProtected() ? &mCommands.getProtected() : &mCommands.get();
-
    // Note that retrieving the extent must come after the acquireNextSwapchainImage() above;
    // otherwise it might be 0.
    VkExtent2D const extent = rt->getExtent();
@@ -1978,19 +1975,17 @@ void VulkanDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth, const RenderPassP
    rpkey.initialDepthLayout = currentDepthLayout;
    rpkey.subpassMask = uint8_t(params.subpassMask);

-    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderPass> renderPass =
-            mFramebufferCache.getRenderPass(rpkey, &mResourceManager);
+    VkRenderPass renderPass = mFramebufferCache.getRenderPass(rpkey);
    mPipelineCache.bindRenderPass(renderPass, 0);

    // Create the VkFramebuffer or fetch it from cache.
    VulkanFboCache::FboKey fbkey = rt->getFboKey();
-    fbkey.renderPass = renderPass->getVkRenderPass();
+    fbkey.renderPass = renderPass;
    fbkey.layers = 1;

    rt->emitBarriersBeginRenderPass(*commandBuffer);

-    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer> vkfb =
-            mFramebufferCache.getFramebuffer(fbkey, &mResourceManager, rt);
+    VkFramebuffer vkfb = mFramebufferCache.getFramebuffer(fbkey);

 // Assign a label to the framebuffer for debugging purposes.
 #if FVK_ENABLED(FVK_DEBUG_GROUP_MARKERS | FVK_DEBUG_DEBUG_UTILS)
@@ -2003,14 +1998,12 @@ void VulkanDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth, const RenderPassP

    // The current command buffer now has references to the render target and its attachments.
    commandBuffer->acquire(rt);
-    commandBuffer->acquire(renderPass);
-    commandBuffer->acquire(vkfb);

    // Populate the structures required for vkCmdBeginRenderPass.
    VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassInfo {
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
-        .renderPass = renderPass->getVkRenderPass(),
-        .framebuffer = vkfb->getVkFramebuffer(),
+        .renderPass = renderPass,
+        .framebuffer = vkfb,

        // The renderArea field constrains the LoadOp, but scissoring does not.
        // Therefore, we do not set the scissor rect here, we only need it in draw().
@@ -2065,7 +2058,7 @@ void VulkanDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth, const RenderPassP
    mCurrentRenderPass = {
        .commandBuffer = commandBuffer,
        .renderTarget = rt,
-        .renderPass = renderPass,
+        .renderPass = renderPassInfo.renderPass,
        .params = params,
        .currentSubpass = 0,
    };
@@ -2085,7 +2078,8 @@ void VulkanDriver::endRenderPass(int) {
    rt->emitBarriersEndRenderPass(*mCurrentRenderPass.commandBuffer);

    mCurrentRenderPass.renderTarget = {};
-    mCurrentRenderPass.renderPass = {};
+    mCurrentRenderPass.renderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
    mCurrentRenderPass.commandBuffer = nullptr;
 }

@@ -2250,7 +2244,7 @@ void VulkanDriver::resolve(
        Handle<HwTexture> src, uint8_t dstLevel, uint8_t dstLayer) {
    FVK_SYSTRACE_SCOPE();

-    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(!mCurrentRenderPass.renderPass)
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(mCurrentRenderPass.renderPass == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
            << "resolve() cannot be invoked inside a render pass.";

    auto srcTexture = resource_ptr<VulkanTexture>::cast(&mResourceManager, src);
@@ -2293,7 +2287,7 @@ void VulkanDriver::blit(
        math::uint2 size) {
    FVK_SYSTRACE_SCOPE();

-    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(!mCurrentRenderPass.renderPass)
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(mCurrentRenderPass.renderPass == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
            << "blit() cannot be invoked inside a render pass.";

    auto srcTexture = resource_ptr<VulkanTexture>::cast(&mResourceManager, src);
@@ -2335,7 +2329,7 @@ void VulkanDriver::blitDEPRECATED(TargetBufferFlags buffers,

    // Note: blitDEPRECATED is only used for Renderer::copyFrame()

-    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(!mCurrentRenderPass.renderPass)
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(mCurrentRenderPass.renderPass == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
            << "blitDEPRECATED() cannot be invoked inside a render pass.";

    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(buffers == TargetBufferFlags::COLOR0)
@@ -2487,7 +2481,6 @@ void VulkanDriver::bindPipelineImpl(PipelineState const& pipelineState,
    // Push state changes to the VulkanPipelineCache instance. This is fast and does not make VK calls.
    mPipelineCache.bindProgram(program);
    mPipelineCache.bindRasterState(vulkanRasterState);
-    mPipelineCache.bindStencilState(pipelineState.stencilState);
    mPipelineCache.bindPrimitiveTopology(topology);
    mPipelineCache.bindVertexArray(attribDesc, bufferDesc, vbi->getAttributeCount());

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ private:

    resource_ptr<VulkanSwapChain> mCurrentSwapChain;
    resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget> mDefaultRenderTarget;
-    VulkanRenderPassContext mCurrentRenderPass = {};
+    VulkanRenderPass mCurrentRenderPass = {};
    VmaAllocator mAllocator = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkDebugReportCallbackEXT mDebugCallback = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

@@ -94,9 +94,6 @@ void VulkanExternalImageManager::updateSetAndLayout(
    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanDescriptorSetLayout> const& layout = set->getLayout();
    set->boundLayout = mDescriptorSetLayoutCache->getVkLayout(layout->bitmask,
            actualExternalSamplers, outSamplers);
-
-    mDescriptorSetCache->cloneSet(set, actualExternalSamplers);
-
    // Update the external samplers in the set
    for (auto& [binding, sampler, image]: samplerAndBindings) {
        // We cannot call updateSamplerForExternalSamplerSet because some samplers are non NULL
@@ -17,10 +17,8 @@
 #include "VulkanFboCache.h"

 #include "VulkanConstants.h"
-#include "VulkanHandles.h"
 #include "vulkan/utils/Image.h"

-#include <utils/compiler.h>
 #include <utils/Panic.h>

 // If any VkRenderPass or VkFramebuffer is unused for more than TIME_BEFORE_EVICTION frames, it
@@ -63,20 +61,17 @@ bool VulkanFboCache::FboKeyEqualFn::operator()(const FboKey& k1, const FboKey& k
    return true;
 }

-VulkanFboCache::VulkanFboCache(VkDevice device, uint32_t timeBeforeEvictionFbo)
-        : mDevice(device),
-          mTimeBeforeEvictionFbo(timeBeforeEvictionFbo) {}
+VulkanFboCache::VulkanFboCache(VkDevice device)
+    : mDevice(device) {}

 VulkanFboCache::~VulkanFboCache() {
    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(mFramebufferCache.empty() && mRenderPassCache.empty())
            << "Please explicitly call terminate() while the VkDevice is still alive.";
 }

-fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer> VulkanFboCache::getFramebuffer(FboKey const& config,
-        fvkmemory::ResourceManager* resManager,
-        fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget> renderTarget) noexcept {
+VkFramebuffer VulkanFboCache::getFramebuffer(FboKey const& config) noexcept {
    FboMap::iterator iter = mFramebufferCache.find(config);
-    if (UTILS_LIKELY(iter != mFramebufferCache.end())) {
+    if (UTILS_LIKELY(iter != mFramebufferCache.end() && iter->second.handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE)) {
        iter.value().timestamp = mCurrentTime;
        return iter->second.handle;
    }
@@ -122,17 +117,13 @@ fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer> VulkanFboCache::getFramebuffer(FboKey
    VkResult error = vkCreateFramebuffer(mDevice, &info, VKALLOC, &framebuffer);
    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(error == VK_SUCCESS) << "Unable to create framebuffer."
                                                     << " error=" << static_cast<int32_t>(error);
-    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer> fbh =
-            fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer>::construct(resManager, mDevice, framebuffer,
-                    renderTarget);
-    mFramebufferCache[config] = { fbh, mCurrentTime };
-    return fbh;
+    mFramebufferCache[config] = {framebuffer, mCurrentTime};
+    return framebuffer;
 }

-fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderPass> VulkanFboCache::getRenderPass(
-        RenderPassKey const& config, fvkmemory::ResourceManager* resManager) noexcept {
+VkRenderPass VulkanFboCache::getRenderPass(RenderPassKey const& config) noexcept {
    auto iter = mRenderPassCache.find(config);
-    if (UTILS_LIKELY(iter != mRenderPassCache.end())) {
+    if (UTILS_LIKELY(iter != mRenderPassCache.end() && iter->second.handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE)) {
        iter.value().timestamp = mCurrentTime;
        return iter->second.handle;
    }
@@ -335,9 +326,7 @@ fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderPass> VulkanFboCache::getRenderPass(
    VkResult error = vkCreateRenderPass(mDevice, &renderPassInfo, VKALLOC, &renderPass);
    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(error == VK_SUCCESS) << "Unable to create render pass."
                                                      << " error=" << error;
-    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderPass> rph =
-        fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderPass>::construct(resManager, mDevice, renderPass);
-    mRenderPassCache[config] = {rph, mCurrentTime};
+    mRenderPassCache[config] = {renderPass, mCurrentTime};

 #if FVK_ENABLED(FVK_DEBUG_FBO_CACHE)
    FVK_LOGD << "Created render pass " << renderPass << " with ";
@@ -354,12 +343,13 @@ fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderPass> VulkanFboCache::getRenderPass(
             << "colorAttachmentCount[0] = " << subpasses[0].colorAttachmentCount;
 #endif

-    return rph;
+    return renderPass;
 }

 void VulkanFboCache::resetFramebuffers() noexcept {
    for (const auto& pair: mFramebufferCache) {
        mRenderPassRefCount[pair.first.renderPass]--;
+        vkDestroyFramebuffer(mDevice, pair.second.handle, VKALLOC);
    }
    mFramebufferCache.clear();
 }
@@ -367,6 +357,9 @@ void VulkanFboCache::resetFramebuffers() noexcept {
 void VulkanFboCache::terminate() noexcept {
    resetFramebuffers();

+    for (const auto& pair: mRenderPassCache) {
+        vkDestroyRenderPass(mDevice, pair.second.handle, VKALLOC);
+    }
    mRenderPassRefCount.clear();
    mRenderPassCache.clear();
 }
@@ -378,36 +371,36 @@ void VulkanFboCache::gc() noexcept {
    FVK_SYSTRACE_START("fbocache::gc");

    // If this is one of the first few frames, return early to avoid wrapping unsigned integers.
-    ++mCurrentTime;
+    if (++mCurrentTime <= TIME_BEFORE_EVICTION) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const uint32_t evictTime = mCurrentTime - TIME_BEFORE_EVICTION;

-    if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(mCurrentTime > mTimeBeforeEvictionFbo)) {
-        const uint32_t evictTimeFbo = mCurrentTime - mTimeBeforeEvictionFbo;
-        for (FboMap::iterator iter = mFramebufferCache.begin(); iter != mFramebufferCache.end();) {
-            const FboVal fbo = iter->second;
-            if (fbo.timestamp < evictTimeFbo && fbo.handle) {
-                mRenderPassRefCount[iter->first.renderPass]--;
+    for (FboMap::iterator iter = mFramebufferCache.begin(); iter != mFramebufferCache.end(); ) {
+        const FboVal fbo = iter->second;
+        if (fbo.timestamp < evictTime && fbo.handle) {
+            mRenderPassRefCount[iter->first.renderPass]--;
+            vkDestroyFramebuffer(mDevice, fbo.handle, VKALLOC);
+            iter.value().handle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

-                // erase(iterator) returns the iterator to the next element.
-                iter = mFramebufferCache.erase(iter);
-            } else {
-                ++iter;
-            }
+            // erase(iterator) returns the iterator to the next element.
+            iter = mFramebufferCache.erase(iter);
+        } else {
+            ++iter;
        }
    }

-    if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(mCurrentTime > TIME_BEFORE_EVICTION)) {
-        const uint32_t evictTimeRp = mCurrentTime - TIME_BEFORE_EVICTION;
-        for (RenderPassMap::iterator iter = mRenderPassCache.begin();
-                iter != mRenderPassCache.end();) {
-            const VkRenderPass handle = iter->second.handle->getVkRenderPass();
-            if (iter->second.timestamp < evictTimeRp && handle &&
-                    mRenderPassRefCount[handle] == 0) {
-                // erase(iterator) returns the iterator to the next element.
-                iter = mRenderPassCache.erase(iter);
-                mRenderPassRefCount.erase(handle);
-            } else {
-                ++iter;
-            }
+    for (RenderPassMap::iterator iter = mRenderPassCache.begin(); iter != mRenderPassCache.end(); ) {
+        const VkRenderPass handle = iter->second.handle;
+        if (iter->second.timestamp < evictTime && handle && mRenderPassRefCount[handle] == 0) {
+            vkDestroyRenderPass(mDevice, handle, VKALLOC);
+            iter.value().handle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+            // erase(iterator) returns the iterator to the next element.
+            iter = mRenderPassCache.erase(iter);
+            mRenderPassRefCount.erase(handle);
+        } else {
+            ++iter;
        }
    }

@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@
 #define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANFBOCACHE_H

 #include "VulkanContext.h"
-#include "vulkan/memory/Resource.h"
-#include "vulkan/memory/ResourceManager.h"
-#include "vulkan/memory/ResourcePointer.h"

 #include <utils/Hash.h>

@@ -30,9 +27,6 @@

 namespace filament::backend {

-struct VulkanFramebuffer;
-struct VulkanRenderPass;
-
 // Simple manager for VkFramebuffer and VkRenderPass objects.
 //
 // Note that a VkFramebuffer is just a binding between a render pass and a set of image views. So,
@@ -63,7 +57,7 @@ public:
        uint8_t padding[2];
    };
    struct RenderPassVal {
-        fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderPass> handle;
+        VkRenderPass handle;
        uint32_t timestamp;
    };
    static_assert(0 == MRT::MAX_SUPPORTED_RENDER_TARGET_COUNT % 8);
@@ -89,7 +83,7 @@ public:
        VkImageView depth; // 8 bytes
    };
    struct FboVal {
-        fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer> handle;
+        VkFramebuffer handle;
        uint32_t timestamp;
    };
    static_assert(sizeof(VkRenderPass) == 8, "VkRenderPass has unexpected size.");
@@ -100,17 +94,14 @@ public:
        bool operator()(const FboKey& k1, const FboKey& k2) const;
    };

-    explicit VulkanFboCache(VkDevice device, uint32_t timeBeforeEvictionFbo);
+    explicit VulkanFboCache(VkDevice device);
    ~VulkanFboCache();

    // Retrieves or creates a VkFramebuffer handle.
-    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanFramebuffer> getFramebuffer(FboKey const& config,
-            fvkmemory::ResourceManager* resManager,
-            fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget> renderTarget) noexcept;
+    VkFramebuffer getFramebuffer(FboKey const& config) noexcept;

    // Retrieves or creates a VkRenderPass handle.
-    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderPass> getRenderPass(
-        RenderPassKey const& config, fvkmemory::ResourceManager* resManager) noexcept;
+    VkRenderPass getRenderPass(RenderPassKey const& config) noexcept;

    // Evicts old unused Vulkan objects. Call this once per frame.
    void gc() noexcept;
@@ -130,7 +121,6 @@ private:
    RenderPassMap mRenderPassCache;
    tsl::robin_map<VkRenderPass, uint32_t> mRenderPassRefCount;
    uint32_t mCurrentTime = 0;
-    uint32_t mTimeBeforeEvictionFbo;
 };

 } // namespace filament::backend
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ void VulkanRenderTarget::transformViewportToPlatform(VkViewport* bounds) const {
    flipVertically(bounds, getExtent().height);
 }

-uint8_t VulkanRenderTarget::getColorTargetCount(const VulkanRenderPassContext& pass) const {
+uint8_t VulkanRenderTarget::getColorTargetCount(const VulkanRenderPass& pass) const {
    if (!mOffscreen) {
        return 1;
    }
@@ -715,21 +715,4 @@ VulkanRenderPrimitive::VulkanRenderPrimitive(PrimitiveType pt,
      vertexBuffer(vb),
      indexBuffer(ib) {}

-VulkanFramebuffer::VulkanFramebuffer(VkDevice device, VkFramebuffer framebuffer,
-        fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget> renderTarget)
-        : mDevice(device),
-          mFramebuffer(framebuffer),
-          mRenderTarget(renderTarget) {}
-
-VulkanFramebuffer::~VulkanFramebuffer() {
-    vkDestroyFramebuffer(mDevice, mFramebuffer, VKALLOC);
-}
-
-VulkanRenderPass::VulkanRenderPass(VkDevice device, VkRenderPass renderPass)
-    : mDevice(device), mRenderPass(renderPass) {}
-
-VulkanRenderPass::~VulkanRenderPass() {
-    vkDestroyRenderPass(mDevice, mRenderPass, VKALLOC);
-}
-
 } // namespace filament::backend
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ public:
    }

    // The current layout used by the descriptor set. This one will match the bindings, including
-    // external samplers data.
+    // external samplers data. 
    // This will not necessarilly be the same as `mLayout`.
    VkDescriptorSetLayout boundLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ public:

    fvkutils::UniformBufferBitmask const& dynamicUboMask;
    uint8_t const uniqueDynamicUboCount;
-
+    
    // Flag to indicate if the current layout needs to be recreated or not.
    // This should only set to `true` when a external sampler image is bound to the descriptor set.
    bool isLayoutDirty = false;
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ struct VulkanRenderTarget : private HwRenderTarget, fvkmemory::Resource {
        return mInfo->fbkey.samples;
    }

-    uint8_t getColorTargetCount(VulkanRenderPassContext const& pass) const;
+    uint8_t getColorTargetCount(VulkanRenderPass const& pass) const;

    inline bool hasDepth() const { return mInfo->depthIndex != Auxiliary::UNDEFINED_INDEX; }

@@ -585,39 +585,6 @@ struct VulkanRenderPrimitive : public HwRenderPrimitive, fvkmemory::Resource {
    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanIndexBuffer> indexBuffer;
 };

-struct VulkanFramebuffer : public fvkmemory::Resource {
-    VulkanFramebuffer(VkDevice device,
-            VkFramebuffer framebuffer,
-            fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget> renderTarget);
-    ~VulkanFramebuffer();
-
-    inline VkFramebuffer getVkFramebuffer() const noexcept {
-        return mFramebuffer;
-    }
-
-private:
-    VkDevice mDevice;
-    VkFramebuffer mFramebuffer;
-
-    // We need to keep a reference to the renderTarget because the key of the framebuffer in the
-    // cache has references to the image views that are derived from the textures of the render
-    // target.
-    fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderTarget> mRenderTarget;
-};
-
-struct VulkanRenderPass : public fvkmemory::Resource {
-    VulkanRenderPass(VkDevice device, VkRenderPass renderPass);
-    ~VulkanRenderPass();
-
-    inline VkRenderPass getVkRenderPass() const noexcept {
-        return mRenderPass;
-    }
-
-private:
-    VkDevice mDevice;
-    VkRenderPass mRenderPass;
-};
-
 } // namespace filament::backend

 #endif // TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_VULKANHANDLES_H
@@ -166,7 +166,6 @@ void VulkanPipelineCache::asyncPrewarmCache(
            .depthBiasConstantFactor = 0.f,
            .depthBiasSlopeFactor = 0.f,
        },
-        .stencilState = {},
        .layout = layout,
    };
    PipelineDynamicOptions dynamicOptions {
@@ -298,45 +297,24 @@ VkPipeline VulkanPipelineCache::createPipeline(
    bool const enableDepthTest =
        raster.depthCompareOp != SamplerCompareFunc::A ||
        raster.depthWriteEnable;
-    // Stencil must be enabled if we're testing OR writing to the stencil buffer.
-    auto const& stencil = key.stencilState;
-    bool const enableStencilTest =
-        stencil.front.stencilFunc != StencilState::StencilFunction::A ||
-        stencil.back.stencilFunc != StencilState::StencilFunction::A ||
-        stencil.front.stencilOpDepthFail != StencilOperation::KEEP ||
-        stencil.back.stencilOpDepthFail != StencilOperation::KEEP ||
-        stencil.front.stencilOpStencilFail != StencilOperation::KEEP ||
-        stencil.back.stencilOpStencilFail != StencilOperation::KEEP ||
-        stencil.front.stencilOpDepthStencilPass != StencilOperation::KEEP ||
-        stencil.back.stencilOpDepthStencilPass != StencilOperation::KEEP ||
-        stencil.stencilWrite;
    VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo vkDs = {
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
        .depthTestEnable = enableDepthTest ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE,
        .depthWriteEnable = raster.depthWriteEnable,
        .depthCompareOp = fvkutils::getCompareOp(raster.depthCompareOp),
        .depthBoundsTestEnable = VK_FALSE,
-        .stencilTestEnable = enableStencilTest ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE,
+        .stencilTestEnable = VK_FALSE,
        .minDepthBounds = 0.0f,
        .maxDepthBounds = 0.0f,
    };
-    vkDs.front = {
-        .failOp = fvkutils::getStencilOp(stencil.front.stencilOpStencilFail),
-        .passOp = fvkutils::getStencilOp(stencil.front.stencilOpDepthStencilPass),
-        .depthFailOp = fvkutils::getStencilOp(stencil.front.stencilOpDepthFail),
-        .compareOp = fvkutils::getCompareOp(stencil.front.stencilFunc),
-        .compareMask = stencil.front.readMask,
-        .writeMask = (uint32_t) (stencil.stencilWrite ? stencil.front.writeMask : 0u),
-        .reference = (uint32_t) stencil.front.ref,
-    };
-    vkDs.back = {
-        .failOp = fvkutils::getStencilOp(stencil.back.stencilOpStencilFail),
-        .passOp = fvkutils::getStencilOp(stencil.back.stencilOpDepthStencilPass),
-        .depthFailOp = fvkutils::getStencilOp(stencil.back.stencilOpDepthFail),
-        .compareOp = fvkutils::getCompareOp(stencil.back.stencilFunc),
-        .compareMask = stencil.back.readMask,
-        .writeMask = (uint32_t) (stencil.stencilWrite ? stencil.back.writeMask : 0u),
-        .reference = (uint32_t) stencil.back.ref,
+    vkDs.front = vkDs.back = {
+        .failOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP,
+        .passOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP,
+        .depthFailOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP,
+        .compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS,
+        .compareMask = 0u,
+        .writeMask = 0u,
+        .reference = 0u,
    };

    VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo = {
@@ -455,14 +433,8 @@ void VulkanPipelineCache::bindRasterState(RasterState const& rasterState) noexce
    mPipelineRequirements.rasterState = rasterState;
 }

-void VulkanPipelineCache::bindStencilState(StencilState const& stencilState) noexcept {
-    mPipelineRequirements.stencilState = stencilState;
-}
-
-void VulkanPipelineCache::bindRenderPass(
-        fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderPass> renderPass,
-        int subpassIndex) noexcept {
-    mPipelineRequirements.renderPass = renderPass->getVkRenderPass();
+void VulkanPipelineCache::bindRenderPass(VkRenderPass renderPass, int subpassIndex) noexcept {
+    mPipelineRequirements.renderPass = renderPass;
    mPipelineRequirements.subpassIndex = subpassIndex;
 }

@@ -122,9 +122,7 @@ public:
    void bindLayout(VkPipelineLayout layout) noexcept;
    void bindProgram(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanProgram> program) noexcept;
    void bindRasterState(RasterState const& rasterState) noexcept;
-    void bindStencilState(StencilState const& stencilState) noexcept;
-    void bindRenderPass(fvkmemory::resource_ptr<VulkanRenderPass> renderPass,
-            int subpassIndex) noexcept;
+    void bindRenderPass(VkRenderPass renderPass, int subpassIndex) noexcept;
    void bindPrimitiveTopology(VkPrimitiveTopology topology) noexcept;
    void bindVertexArray(VkVertexInputAttributeDescription const* attribDesc,
            VkVertexInputBindingDescription const* bufferDesc, uint8_t count);
@@ -188,8 +186,8 @@ private:
        VertexInputAttributeDescription vertexAttributes[VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT]; //  128 : 28
        VertexInputBindingDescription vertexBuffers[VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT];      //  128 : 156
        RasterState rasterState;                                                  //  16  : 284
-        StencilState stencilState;                                                //  12  : 300
-        VkPipelineLayout layout;                                                  //  8   : 312
+        uint32_t padding;                                                         //  4   : 300
+        VkPipelineLayout layout;                                                  //  8   : 304
    };

    // Provides information about any dynamic state that should be used in creation of the
@@ -205,7 +203,7 @@ private:
        uint8_t stereoscopicViewCount = 2;
    };

-    static_assert(sizeof(PipelineKey) == 320, "PipelineKey must not have implicit padding.");
+    static_assert(sizeof(PipelineKey) == 312, "PipelineKey must not have implicit padding.");

    using PipelineHashFn = utils::hash::MurmurHashFn<PipelineKey>;

@@ -42,8 +42,6 @@ template ResourceType getTypeEnum<VulkanSync>() noexcept;
 template ResourceType getTypeEnum<VulkanMemoryMappedBuffer>() noexcept;
 template ResourceType getTypeEnum<VulkanSemaphore>() noexcept;
 template ResourceType getTypeEnum<VulkanStream>() noexcept;
-template ResourceType getTypeEnum<VulkanFramebuffer>() noexcept;
-template ResourceType getTypeEnum<VulkanRenderPass>() noexcept;

 template<typename D>
 ResourceType getTypeEnum() noexcept {
@@ -110,12 +108,6 @@ ResourceType getTypeEnum() noexcept {
    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<D, VulkanStream>) {
        return ResourceType::STREAM;
    }
-    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<D, VulkanFramebuffer>) {
-        return ResourceType::FRAMEBUFFER;
-    }
-    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<D, VulkanRenderPass>) {
-        return ResourceType::RENDER_PASS;
-    }
    return ResourceType::UNDEFINED_TYPE;
 }

@@ -163,10 +155,6 @@ std::string_view getTypeStr(ResourceType type) {
            return "Semaphore";
        case ResourceType::STREAM:
            return "VulkanStream";
-        case ResourceType::FRAMEBUFFER:
-            return "Framebuffer";
-        case ResourceType::RENDER_PASS:
-            return "RenderPass";
        case ResourceType::UNDEFINED_TYPE:
            return "";
    }
@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@ enum class ResourceType : uint8_t {
    MEMORY_MAPPED_BUFFER = 18,
    SEMAPHORE = 19,
    STREAM = 20,
-    FRAMEBUFFER = 21,
-    RENDER_PASS = 22,
-    UNDEFINED_TYPE = 23,    // Must be the last enum because we use it for iterating over the enums.
+    UNDEFINED_TYPE = 21,    // Must be the last enum because we use it for iterating over the enums.
 };

 template<typename D>
@@ -126,12 +126,6 @@ void ResourceManager::destroyWithType(ResourceType type, HandleId id) {
        case ResourceType::STREAM:
            destruct<VulkanStream>(Handle<VulkanStream>(id));
            break;
-        case ResourceType::FRAMEBUFFER:
-            destruct<VulkanFramebuffer>(Handle<VulkanFramebuffer>(id));
-            break;
-        case ResourceType::RENDER_PASS:
-            destruct<VulkanRenderPass>(Handle<VulkanRenderPass>(id));
-            break;
        case ResourceType::UNDEFINED_TYPE:
            break;
    }
@@ -704,30 +704,6 @@ VulkanPlatform::VulkanPlatform() = default;

 VulkanPlatform::~VulkanPlatform() = default;

-utils::CString VulkanPlatform::getDeviceInfo(DeviceInfoType infoType,
-        Driver* driver) const noexcept {
-    if (mImpl->mPhysicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-        return {};
-    }
-    auto& context = mImpl->mContext;
-    switch (infoType) {
-        case DeviceInfoType::VULKAN_DEVICE_NAME: {
-            return utils::CString(context.getPhysicalDeviceName());
-        }
-        case DeviceInfoType::VULKAN_DRIVER_NAME: {
-            return context.isDriverPropertiesSupported() ? utils::CString(context.getDriverName())
-                                                         : utils::CString();
-        }
-        case DeviceInfoType::VULKAN_DRIVER_INFO: {
-            return context.isDriverPropertiesSupported() ? utils::CString(context.getDriverInfo())
-                                                         : utils::CString();
-        }
-        default:
-            FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(false) << "Unsupported DeviceInfoType for VulkanPlatform";
-            return {};
-    }
-}
-
 VulkanPlatform::SwapChainBundle VulkanPlatform::getSwapChainBundle(SwapChainPtr handle) {
    return static_cast<VulkanPlatformSwapChainBase*>(handle)->getSwapChainBundle();
 }
@@ -976,11 +952,6 @@ void VulkanPlatform::queryAndSetDeviceFeatures(Platform::DriverConfig const& dri
        chainStruct(&context.mPhysicalDeviceFeatures, &globalPriorityFeatures);
    }

-    if (vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2) {
-        chainStruct(&context.mPhysicalDeviceProperties, &context.mDriverProperties);
-        context.mDriverPropertiesSupported = true;
-    }
-
    // Initialize the following fields: physicalDeviceProperties, memoryProperties,
    // physicalDeviceFeatures.
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(mImpl->mPhysicalDevice, &context.mPhysicalDeviceProperties);
@@ -633,19 +633,6 @@ VkCompareOp getCompareOp(SamplerCompareFunc func) {
    }
 }

-VkStencilOp getStencilOp(StencilOperation op) {
-    switch (op) {
-        case StencilOperation::KEEP:      return VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
-        case StencilOperation::ZERO:      return VK_STENCIL_OP_ZERO;
-        case StencilOperation::REPLACE:   return VK_STENCIL_OP_REPLACE;
-        case StencilOperation::INCR:      return VK_STENCIL_OP_INCREMENT_AND_CLAMP;
-        case StencilOperation::INCR_WRAP: return VK_STENCIL_OP_INCREMENT_AND_WRAP;
-        case StencilOperation::DECR:      return VK_STENCIL_OP_DECREMENT_AND_CLAMP;
-        case StencilOperation::DECR_WRAP: return VK_STENCIL_OP_DECREMENT_AND_WRAP;
-        case StencilOperation::INVERT:    return VK_STENCIL_OP_INVERT;
-    }
-}
-
 VkBlendFactor getBlendFactor(BlendFunction mode) {
    switch (mode) {
        case BlendFunction::ZERO:                  return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ uint32_t getBytesPerPixel(TextureFormat format);
 uint8_t getTexelBlockSize(VkFormat format);

 VkCompareOp getCompareOp(SamplerCompareFunc func);
-VkStencilOp getStencilOp(StencilOperation op);
 VkBlendFactor getBlendFactor(BlendFunction mode);
 VkCullModeFlags getCullMode(CullingMode mode);
 VkFrontFace getFrontFace(bool inverseFrontFaces);
@@ -192,15 +192,8 @@ void WebGPUDriver::flush(int) {
 }

 void WebGPUDriver::finish(int /* dummy */) {
+    mReadPixelMapsCounter.waitForAllToFinish();
    mQueueManager.finish();
-
-    // We use polling to advance webgpu's callback counter until all the read backs have been
-    // processed. Note that blocking with mReadPixelMapsCounter.waitForAllToFinish will only
-    // deadlock since we could not advance the counter.
-    while (!mReadPixelMapsCounter.isIdle()) {
-        mAdapter.GetInstance().ProcessEvents();
-        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
-    }
 }

 void WebGPUDriver::destroyRenderPrimitive(Handle<HwRenderPrimitive> rph) {
@@ -947,6 +940,10 @@ size_t WebGPUDriver::getUniformBufferOffsetAlignment(){

 void WebGPUDriver::updateIndexBuffer(Handle<HwIndexBuffer> indexBufferHandle,
        BufferDescriptor&& bufferDescriptor, const uint32_t byteOffset) {
+    // make sure command elements (draws, etc.) prior to the buffer update are processed before the
+    // update on the GPU, otherwise the expected data may not be available at the time certain
+    // draw calls are made.
+    flush();
    handleCast<WebGPUIndexBuffer>(indexBufferHandle)
            ->updateGPUBuffer(bufferDescriptor, byteOffset, mDevice, &mQueueManager, &mStagePool);
    scheduleDestroy(std::move(bufferDescriptor));
@@ -961,6 +958,10 @@ void WebGPUDriver::updateIndexBufferAsyncR(AsyncCallId jobId,

 void WebGPUDriver::updateBufferObject(Handle<HwBufferObject> bufferObjectHandle,
        BufferDescriptor&& bufferDescriptor, const uint32_t byteOffset) {
+    // make sure command elements (draws, etc.) prior to the buffer update are processed before the
+    // update on the GPU, otherwise the expected data may not be available at the time certain
+    // draw calls are made.
+    flush();
    handleCast<WebGPUBufferObject>(bufferObjectHandle)
            ->updateGPUBuffer(bufferDescriptor, byteOffset, mDevice, &mQueueManager, &mStagePool);
    scheduleDestroy(std::move(bufferDescriptor));
@@ -1007,6 +1008,10 @@ void WebGPUDriver::update3DImage(Handle<HwTexture> textureHandle, const uint32_t
        const uint32_t xoffset, const uint32_t yoffset, const uint32_t zoffset,
        const uint32_t width, const uint32_t height, const uint32_t depth,
        PixelBufferDescriptor&& pixelBufferDescriptor) {
+    // one way or another this function writes texture(s), thus any commands (draw calls etc.) should
+    // get submitted prior to these updates so that subsequent commands/draws run with the
+    // image/texture(s) updated as expected.
+    flush();
    PixelBufferDescriptor* inputData{ &pixelBufferDescriptor };
    PixelBufferDescriptor reshapedData;
    if (reshape(pixelBufferDescriptor, reshapedData)) {
@@ -1178,6 +1183,11 @@ void WebGPUDriver::generateMipmaps(Handle<HwTexture> textureHandle) {
        return; // nothing to do
    }

+    // make sure command elements (draws, etc.) prior to the texture update are processed before the
+    // update on the GPU.
+    // this ensures subsequent draw calls are run after the mipmaps have been generated as expected
+    flush();
+
    const auto usage = wgpuTexture.GetUsage();
    FILAMENT_CHECK_PRECONDITION(usage & wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding)
            << "Texture for mipmap generation must have TextureBinding usage.";
@@ -1366,9 +1376,6 @@ void WebGPUDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> renderTargetHandle,
            customDepthStencilMsaaSidecarTextureView);

    mRenderPassEncoder = commandEncoder.BeginRenderPass(&renderPassDescriptor);
-
-    // TODO: there's a bug here because the webgpu viewport has the origin at top-left, whereas
-    // filament expects it to be bottom left.
    mRenderPassEncoder.SetViewport(
            static_cast<float>(params.viewport.left),
            static_cast<float>(params.viewport.bottom),
@@ -1456,6 +1463,7 @@ void WebGPUDriver::stopCapture(int /* dummy */) {
 void WebGPUDriver::readPixels(Handle<HwRenderTarget> sourceRenderTargetHandle, const uint32_t x,
        const uint32_t y, const uint32_t width, const uint32_t height,
        PixelBufferDescriptor&& pixelBufferDescriptor) {
+    flush();
    const auto srcTarget{ handleCast<WebGPURenderTarget>(sourceRenderTargetHandle) };
    assert_invariant(srcTarget);

@@ -1513,7 +1521,10 @@ void WebGPUDriver::readTextureToBuffer(wgpu::Texture srcTexture, uint32_t level,
        return;
    }

-    auto commandEncoder = mQueueManager.getCommandEncoder();
+    const wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor commandEncoderDescriptor{
+        .label = "read_texture_to_buffer_command",
+    };
+    auto commandEncoder = mDevice.CreateCommandEncoder(&commandEncoderDescriptor);
    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(commandEncoder)
            << "Failed to create command encoder for readTextureToBuffer?";

@@ -1635,6 +1646,9 @@ void WebGPUDriver::readTextureToBuffer(wgpu::Texture srcTexture, uint32_t level,
        .depthOrArrayLayers = 1,
    };
    commandEncoder.CopyTextureToBuffer(&source, &destination, &copySize);
+    wgpu::CommandBuffer commandBuffer = commandEncoder.Finish();
+    assert_invariant(commandBuffer);
+    mDevice.GetQueue().Submit(1, &commandBuffer);

    // Map the buffer to read the data
    struct UserData final {
@@ -1655,9 +1669,6 @@ void WebGPUDriver::readTextureToBuffer(wgpu::Texture srcTexture, uint32_t level,
    });

    mReadPixelMapsCounter.startTask();
-    // We need to flush here before we can readback from the staging buffer since the copy op is
-    // pending to be submitted.
-    mQueueManager.flush();
    userData->buffer.MapAsync(
            wgpu::MapMode::Read, 0, bufferSize, wgpu::CallbackMode::AllowSpontaneous,
            [](wgpu::MapAsyncStatus status, const char* message, UserData* userdata) {
@@ -1750,6 +1761,7 @@ void WebGPUDriver::blitDEPRECATED(TargetBufferFlags buffers,
    const wgpu::Extent2D destinationSize{ static_cast<uint32_t>(destinationViewport.width),
        static_cast<uint32_t>(destinationViewport.height) };

+    mQueueManager.flush();
    wgpu::CommandEncoder commandEncoder = mQueueManager.getCommandEncoder();
    const WebGPUBlitter::BlitArgs blitArgs{
        .source = { .texture = sourceTexture->getTexture(),
@@ -1769,6 +1781,8 @@ void WebGPUDriver::blitDEPRECATED(TargetBufferFlags buffers,
        .filter = filter,
    };
    mBlitter.blit(mDevice.GetQueue(), commandEncoder, blitArgs);
+
+    mQueueManager.flush();
 }

 void WebGPUDriver::resolve(Handle<HwTexture> destinationTextureHandle, const uint8_t sourceLevel,
@@ -1808,6 +1822,7 @@ void WebGPUDriver::blit(Handle<HwTexture> destinationTextureHandle, const uint8_
        Handle<HwTexture> sourceTextureHandle, const uint8_t destinationLevel,
        const uint8_t destinationLayer, const math::uint2 sourceOrigin, const math::uint2 size) {
    FWGPU_SYSTRACE_SCOPE();
+    mQueueManager.flush();
    wgpu::CommandEncoder commandEncoder = mQueueManager.getCommandEncoder();
    const auto sourceTexture{ handleCast<WebGPUTexture>(sourceTextureHandle) };
    const auto destinationTexture{ handleCast<WebGPUTexture>(destinationTextureHandle) };
@@ -1831,6 +1846,7 @@ void WebGPUDriver::blit(Handle<HwTexture> destinationTextureHandle, const uint8_
        .filter = SamplerMagFilter::NEAREST,
    };
    mBlitter.blit(mDevice.GetQueue(), commandEncoder, blitArgs);
+    mQueueManager.flush();
 }

 void WebGPUDriver::bindPipeline(PipelineState const& pipelineState) {
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More