Quick change to hello triangle to comply with WebGPU requirements on alignment. Long term it would check for which backend is in use

This reverts commit b94c802076.

.github/actions/dep-versions/action.yml

@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ runs:
   using: "composite"
   steps:
     - name: Set up dependency versions
-      shell: bash    
+      shell: bash
       run: cat ./build/common/versions >> $GITHUB_ENV

.github/actions/web-prereq/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+name: 'Web Preqrequisites'
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    - uses: ./.github/actions/dep-versions
+    - name: Cache EMSDK
+      id: emsdk-cache
+      uses: actions/cache@v4 # Use a specific version
+      with:
+        path: emsdk
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-emsdk-${{ env.GITHUB_EMSDK_VERSION }}
+    - name: Install Web Prerequisites
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        bash ./build/common/get-emscripten.sh
+        echo "EMSDK=$PWD/emsdk" >> $GITHUB_ENV

.github/workflows/mac-continuous.yml

@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ jobs:
           path: out/filament-release-darwin.tgz
       - name: Check public headers
         run: |
-          build/common/check-headers.sh out/release/filament/include
+          test/check-headers/test.sh out/release/filament/include

.github/workflows/presubmit.yml

@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: ./.github/actions/linux-prereq
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/web-prereq
       - name: Run build script
         run: |
           cd build/web && printf "y" | ./build.sh presubmit
@@ -123,13 +124,15 @@ jobs:
       - uses: ./.github/actions/mac-prereq
       - name: Cache Mesa and deps
         id: mesa-cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4 # Use a specific version
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: mesa
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-mesa-deps-2-${{ vars.MESA_VERSION }}
-      - name: Get Mesa
-        id: mesa-prereq
-        run: bash test/utils/get_mesa.sh
+      - name: Prerequisites
+        id: prereqs
+        run: |
+          bash build/common/get-mesa.sh
+          pip install tifffile numpy
       - name: Run Test
         run: bash test/renderdiff/test.sh
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
@@ -150,8 +153,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run test
         run: ./out/cmake-debug/libs/filamat/test_filamat --gtest_filter=MaterialCompiler.Wgsl*
 
-  code-correcteness:
-    name: code-correctness
+  test-code-correctness:
+    name: test-code-correctness
     runs-on: 'macos-14-xlarge'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.6

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -65,13 +65,9 @@ jobs:
 
   build-mac:
     name: build-mac
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: macos-14-xlarge
     if: github.event_name == 'release' || github.event.inputs.platform == 'desktop'
 
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [macos-14-xlarge, ubuntu-22.04-32core]
-
     steps:
       - name: Decide Git ref
         id: git_ref
@@ -118,6 +114,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           ref: ${{ steps.git_ref.outputs.ref }}
       - uses: ./.github/actions/linux-prereq
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/web-prereq
       - name: Run build script
         env:
           TAG: ${{ steps.git_ref.outputs.tag }}
@@ -166,6 +163,9 @@ jobs:
           mv out/filamat-android-release.aar out/filamat-${TAG}-android.aar
           mv out/gltfio-android-release.aar out/gltfio-${TAG}-android.aar
           mv out/filament-utils-android-release.aar out/filament-utils-${TAG}-android.aar
+          cd out/android-release/filament
+          tar -czf ../../filament-${TAG}-android-native.tgz .
+          cd ../../..
       - name: Sign sample-gltf-viewer
         run: |
           echo "${APK_KEYSTORE_BASE64}" > filament.jks.base64
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ jobs:
           script: |
             const upload = require('./build/common/upload-release-assets');
             const { TAG } = process.env;
-            const globber = await glob.create(['out/*.aar', 'out/*.apk'].join('\n'));
+            const globber = await glob.create(['out/*.aar', 'out/*.apk', 'out/*.tgz'].join('\n'));
             await upload({ github, context }, await globber.glob(), TAG);
 
   build-ios:

.github/workflows/web-continuous.yml

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: ./.github/actions/linux-prereq
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/web-prereq
       - name: Run build script
         run: |
           cd build/web && printf "y" | ./build.sh continuous

BUILDING.md

@@ -363,6 +363,8 @@ python ./emsdk.py activate latest
 source ./emsdk_env.sh
 ```
 
+Alternatively, you can try running the script `build/common/get-emscripten.sh`.
+
 After this you can invoke the [easy build](#easy-build) script as follows:
 
 ```shell

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -49,8 +49,6 @@ option(FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_OSMESA "Enable OSMesa (headless GL context) for Filamen
 
 option(FILAMENT_ENABLE_FGVIEWER "Enable the frame graph viewer" OFF)
 
-option(FILAMENT_ENABLE_INIT_GL_WARNINGS_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD "Enable GL error warnings during init in optimized builds" OFF)
-
 set(FILAMENT_NDK_VERSION "" CACHE STRING
     "Android NDK version or version prefix to be used when building for Android."
 )

README.md

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ repositories {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.59.4'
+    implementation 'com.google.android.filament:filament-android:1.60.0'
 }
 ```
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Here are all the libraries available in the group `com.google.android.filament`:
 iOS projects can use CocoaPods to install the latest release:
 
 ```shell
-pod 'Filament', '~> 1.59.4'
+pod 'Filament', '~> 1.60.0'
 ```
 
 ## Documentation

RELEASE_NOTES.md

@@ -7,6 +7,16 @@ A new header is inserted each time a *tag* is created.
 Instead, if you are authoring a PR for the main branch, add your release note to
 [NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md](./NEW_RELEASE_NOTES.md).
 
+## v1.60.1
+
+
+## v1.60.0
+
+- materials: remove dependence on per-view descset layout from filamat. [⚠️ **New Material Version**]
+- matc non-functional change: Update GLSL postprocessor to
+  isolate calls to SPVRemap from calls to SPIRV-Cross.
+
+
 ## v1.59.5
 
 

android/gradle.properties

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 GROUP=com.google.android.filament
-VERSION_NAME=1.59.4
+VERSION_NAME=1.60.0
 
 POM_DESCRIPTION=Real-time physically based rendering engine for Android.
 

build.sh

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ function print_fgviewer_help {
 }
 
 # Unless explicitly specified, NDK version will be selected as highest available version within same major release chain
-FILAMENT_NDK_VERSION=${FILAMENT_NDK_VERSION:-$(cat `dirname $0`/build/android/ndk.version | cut -f 1 -d ".")}
+FILAMENT_NDK_VERSION=${FILAMENT_NDK_VERSION:-$(cat `dirname $0`/build/common/versions | grep GITHUB_NDK_VERSION | sed s/GITHUB_NDK_VERSION=//g | cut -f 1 -d ".")}
 
 # Requirements
 CMAKE_MAJOR=3
@@ -463,16 +463,6 @@ function ensure_android_build {
         echo "Error: Android NDK side-by-side version ${FILAMENT_NDK_VERSION} or compatible must be installed, exiting"
         exit 1
     fi
-
-    local cmake_version=$(cmake --version)
-    if [[ "${cmake_version}" =~ ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.[0-9]+ ]]; then
-        if [[ "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}" -lt "${CMAKE_MAJOR}" ]] || \
-           [[ "${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" -lt "${CMAKE_MINOR}" ]]; then
-            echo "Error: cmake version ${CMAKE_MAJOR}.${CMAKE_MINOR}+ is required," \
-                 "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}.${BASH_REMATCH[2]} installed, exiting"
-            exit 1
-        fi
-    fi
 }
 
 function build_android {

build/android/build.sh

@@ -1,28 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-# Usage: the first argument selects the build type:
-# - release, to build release only
-# - debug, to build debug only
-# - continuous, to build release and debug
-# - presubmit, for presubmit builds
-#
-# The default is release
-
-echo "This script is intended to run in a CI environment and may modify your current environment."
-echo "Please refer to BUILDING.md for more information."
-
-read -r -p "Do you wish to proceed (y/n)? " choice
-case "${choice}" in
-    y|Y)
-              echo "Build will proceed..."
-              ;;
-    n|N)
-          exit 0
-          ;;
-          *)
-        exit 0
-        ;;
-esac
+source `dirname $0`/../common/ci-check.sh
 
 set -e
 set -x
@@ -30,11 +8,6 @@ set -x
 UNAME=`echo $(uname)`
 LC_UNAME=`echo $UNAME | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'`
 
-# build-common.sh will generate the following variables:
-#     $GENERATE_ARCHIVES
-#     $BUILD_DEBUG
-#     $BUILD_RELEASE
-source `dirname $0`/../common/ci-common.sh
 source `dirname $0`/../common/build-common.sh
 
 if [[ "$GITHUB_WORKFLOW" ]]; then

build/common/build-common.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,20 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
+# build-common.sh will generate the following variables:
+#     $GENERATE_ARCHIVES
+#     $BUILD_DEBUG
+#     $BUILD_RELEASE
+
+# Typically a build script (build.sh) would source this script. For example,
+#   source `dirname $0`/../common/build-common.sh
+
+# Usage: the first argument selects the build type:
+# - release, to build release only
+# - debug, to build debug only
+# - continuous, to build release and debug
+# - presubmit, for presubmit builds
+#
+# The default is release
 if [[ ! "$TARGET" ]]; then
     if [[ "$1" ]]; then
         TARGET=$1

build/common/ci-check.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+echo "This script is intended to run in a CI environment and may modify your current environment."
+echo "Please refer to BUILDING.md for more information."
+
+read -r -p "Do you wish to proceed (y/n)? " choice
+case "${choice}" in
+    y|Y)
+	      echo "Build will proceed..."
+	      ;;
+    n|N)
+    	  exit 0
+    	  ;;
+	  *)
+        exit 0
+        ;;
+esac
+
+if [[ "$GITHUB_WORKFLOW" ]]; then
+    echo "Running workflow $GITHUB_WORKFLOW (event: $GITHUB_EVENT_NAME, action: $GITHUB_ACTION)"
+fi

build/common/ci-common.sh

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-if [[ "$GITHUB_WORKFLOW" ]]; then
-    echo "Running workflow $GITHUB_WORKFLOW (event: $GITHUB_EVENT_NAME, action: $GITHUB_ACTION)"
-fi

build/common/get-emscripten.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+if [ -d "./emsdk" ]; then
+    echo "emsdk folder found. Assume emsdk has been installed."
+    cd emsdk
+    ./emsdk activate latest
+    source ./emsdk_env.sh
+    export EMSDK="$PWD"
+    cd ..
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+# Install emscripten.
+EMSDK_VERSION=${GITHUB_EMSDK_VERSION-3.1.60}
+curl -L https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk/archive/refs/tags/${EMSDK_VERSION}.zip > emsdk.zip
+unzip emsdk.zip ; mv emsdk-* emsdk ; cd emsdk
+./emsdk install latest
+./emsdk activate latest
+source ./emsdk_env.sh
+
+export EMSDK="$PWD"
+cd ..

build/common/get-mesa.sh

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 
 #!/usr/bin/bash
 
-set -x
+set -e
 if [[ "$GITHUB_WORKFLOW" ]]; then
-    set -e
+    set -x
 fi
 
 OS_NAME=$(uname -s)
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ source ${ORIG_DIR}/venv/bin/activate
 
 NEEDED_PYTHON_DEPS=("mako" "setuptools" "pyyaml")
 for cmd in "${NEEDED_PYTHON_DEPS[@]}"; do
-    if ! python3 -m pip show "${cmd}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    if ! python3 -m pip show -q "${cmd}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
         python3 -m pip install ${cmd}
     fi
 done
@@ -145,6 +145,6 @@ deactivate
 popd
 
 if [[ "$GITHUB_WORKFLOW" ]]; then
-    set +e
+    set +x
 fi
-set +x
+set +e

build/common/versions

@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@ GITHUB_CMAKE_VERSION=3.19.5
 GITHUB_NINJA_VERSION=1.10.2
 GITHUB_MESA_VERSION=24.2.1
 GITHUB_LLVM_VERSION=16
-GITHUB_NDK_VERSION=27.0.11718014
+GITHUB_NDK_VERSION=27.0.11718014
+GITHUB_EMSDK_VERSION=3.1.60

build/ios/build.sh

@@ -1,35 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-# Usage: the first argument selects the build type:
-# - release, to build release only
-# - debug, to build debug only
-# - continuous, to build release and debug
-# - presubmit, for presubmit builds
-#
-# The default is release
-
-echo "This script is intended to run in a CI environment and may modify your current environment."
-echo "Please refer to BUILDING.md for more information."
-
-read -r -p "Do you wish to proceed (y/n)? " choice
-case "${choice}" in
-    y|Y)
-	      echo "Build will proceed..."
-	      ;;
-    n|N)
-    	  exit 0
-    	  ;;
-	  *)
-        exit 0
-        ;;
-esac
+source `dirname $0`/../common/ci-check.sh
 
 set -e
 set -x
 
-source `dirname $0`/../common/ci-common.sh
 source `dirname $0`/../common/build-common.sh
-
 pushd `dirname $0`/../.. > /dev/null
 
 # If we're generating an archive for release or continuous builds, then we'll also build for the

build/linux/build.sh

@@ -1,38 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-# Usage: the first argument selects the build type:
-# - release, to build release only
-# - debug, to build debug only
-# - continuous, to build release and debug
-# - presubmit, for presubmit builds
-#
-# The default is release
-
-echo "This script is intended to run in a CI environment and may modify your current environment."
-echo "Please refer to BUILDING.md for more information."
-
-read -r -p "Do you wish to proceed (y/n)? " choice
-case "${choice}" in
-    y|Y)
-	      echo "Build will proceed..."
-	      ;;
-    n|N)
-    	  exit 0
-    	  ;;
-	  *)
-        exit 0
-        ;;
-esac
+source `dirname $0`/../common/ci-check.sh
 
 set -e
 set -x
 
-# build-common.sh will generate the following variables:
-#     $GENERATE_ARCHIVES
-#     $BUILD_DEBUG
-#     $BUILD_RELEASE
-source `dirname $0`/../common/ci-common.sh
 source `dirname $0`/../common/build-common.sh
-
 pushd `dirname $0`/../.. > /dev/null
+
 ./build.sh -c $RUN_TESTS $GENERATE_ARCHIVES $BUILD_DEBUG $BUILD_RELEASE

build/mac/build.sh

@@ -1,34 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-# Usage: the first argument selects the build type:
-# - release, to build release only
-# - debug, to build debug only
-# - continuous, to build release and debug
-# - presubmit, for presubmit builds
-#
-# The default is release
-
-echo "This script is intended to run in a CI environment and may modify your current environment."
-echo "Please refer to BUILDING.md for more information."
-
-read -r -p "Do you wish to proceed (y/n)? " choice
-case "${choice}" in
-    y|Y)
-	      echo "Build will proceed..."
-	      ;;
-    n|N)
-    	  exit 0
-    	  ;;
-	  *)
-        exit 0
-        ;;
-esac
+source `dirname $0`/../common/ci-check.sh
 
 set -e
 set -x
 
-source `dirname $0`/../common/ci-common.sh
 source `dirname $0`/../common/build-common.sh
-
 pushd `dirname $0`/../.. > /dev/null
+
 ./build.sh -c $RUN_TESTS $GENERATE_ARCHIVES $BUILD_DEBUG $BUILD_RELEASE

build/web/build.sh

@@ -1,34 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-# Usage: the first argument selects the build type:
-# - release, to build release only
-# - debug, to build debug only
-# - continuous, to build release and debug
-# - presubmit, for presubmit builds
-#
-# The default is release
-
-echo "This script is intended to run in a CI environment and may modify your current environment."
-echo "Please refer to BUILDING.md for more information."
-
-read -r -p "Do you wish to proceed (y/n)? " choice
-case "${choice}" in
-    y|Y)
-	      echo "Build will proceed..."
-	      ;;
-    n|N)
-    	  exit 0
-    	  ;;
-	  *)
-        exit 0
-        ;;
-esac
+source `dirname $0`/../common/ci-check.sh
 
 set -e
 set -x
 
-source `dirname $0`/../common/ci-common.sh
-source `dirname $0`/ci-common.sh
 source `dirname $0`/../common/build-common.sh
 pushd `dirname $0`/../.. > /dev/null
 

build/web/ci-common.sh

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Install emscripten.
-curl -L https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk/archive/refs/tags/3.1.60.zip > emsdk.zip
-unzip emsdk.zip ; mv emsdk-* emsdk ; cd emsdk
-./emsdk install latest
-./emsdk activate latest
-source ./emsdk_env.sh
-
-export EMSDK="$PWD"
-cd ..

docs_src/markdeep/Materials.md.html

@@ -1023,8 +1023,12 @@ samplerCubemap         | Cubemap texture
 [Table [materialParamsTypes]: Material parameter types]
 
 Samplers
-:     Sampler types can also specify a `format` which can be either `int` or `float` (defaults to
-      `float`).
+:     Sampler types can specify additional options:
+
+      - `format`: either `int` or `float` (defaults to `float`).
+      - `stages`: array of strings containing the list of shader stages this
+        sampler can be accessed from. Each entry must be either `vertex` or
+        `fragment` (defaults to both).
 
 Arrays
 :     A parameter can define an array of values by appending `[size]` after the type name, where

docs_src/src/SUMMARY.md

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
     - [Metal](./notes/metal_debugging.md)
     - [Vulkan](./notes/vulkan_debugging.md)
     - [SPIR-V](./notes/spirv_debugging.md)
+    - [Running with ASAN and UBSAN](./notes/asan_ubsan.md)
+    - [Using Instruments on macOS](./notes/instruments.md)
   - [Libraries](./notes/libs.md)
     - [bluegl](./dup/bluegl.md)
     - [bluevk](./dup/bluevk.md)

docs_src/src/notes/asan_ubsan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Running with ASAN/UBSAN
+
+## Enabling
+
+When building though build.sh, pass the `-b` flag. This sets the cmake variable
+`FILAMENT_ENABLE_ASAN_UBSAN=ON` which eventually passes `"-fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined"`
+to all compile and link operations.
+
+If building through CMake directly, or an IDE like CLion that doesn't use build.sh, instead pass
+`-DFILAMENT_ENABLE_ASAN_UBSAN=ON` to cmake in order to get the same result.
+
+## Getting memory leak detection on Mac
+
+Memory leak detection isn't enabled by default on MacOS. There are two issues to address, first is
+using a version of clang that supports memory leak detection and second is enabling it at runtime.
+
+The version of clang distributed by Apple (with a version like "Apple clang version 16.0.0") doesn't
+currently support leak detection at all. Instead you will need to get or build a different LLVM,
+such as the one distributed through homebrew and get CMake to use that instead.
+
+Then during runtime you'll need to have the environment variable `ASAN_OPTIONS` include the option
+`detect_leaks=1`. Multiple `ASAN_OPTIONS` values are concatenated with `:`.
+
+## Getting memory leak output in CLion
+
+### Setting variables
+
+Under `Settings | Build, Execution, Deployment | Dynamic Analysis Tools | Sanitizers` there is an
+ASAN Settings field that overrides whatever other `ASAN_OPTIONS` you might set elsewhere, so you
+must use that instead of setting it through your Run/Debug Configuration.
+
+To pass `-DFILAMENT_ENABLE_ASAN_UBSAN=ON` to CMake you'll want to create a new CMake Profile and
+pass it as a CMake argument.
+
+### Avoiding losing output
+
+CMake will consume ASAN output and display it through a separate "Sanitizers" tab. Unfortunately
+certain leak detection errors that interrupt the executable seem to not show up in this tab, but are
+still removed from the user-visible console output. If this is happening and you need to see the
+unfiltered console output you'll need to go to `Settings | Build, Execution, Deployment | Dynamic
+Analysis Tools | Sanitizers` and uncheck "Use visual representation for Sanitizer's output".

docs_src/src/notes/instruments.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Using Instruments on macOS
+
+When running a binary under Instruments on macOS, you may run into the following issue when
+launching or attaching to an executable:
+
+```
+Failed to gain authorization
+Recovery Suggestion: Target binary needs to be debuggable and signed with 'get-task-allow'
+```
+
+This is a security precaution; the solution is to code sign the binary with the
+`com.apple.security.get-task-allow` entitlement.
+
+1. Create an `entitlements.plist` file with the following contents:
+
+```
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+    <key>com.apple.security.get-task-allow</key>
+    <true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>
+```
+
+2. Run the following command:
+
+```
+codesign -s - --entitlements entitlements.plist <binary>
+```
+
+Replace `<binary>` with the name of the binary, for example: `out/cmake-debug/samples/gltf_viewer`.
+
+Afterwards, you should be able to successfully launch and attach to the executable using
+Instruments.

filament/backend/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -318,13 +318,6 @@ if (WIN32 AND FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU)
     target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PRIVATE "WGPU_IMPLEMENTATION")
 endif()
 
-# enable OpenGL init warnings for the optimized build
-if(FILAMENT_ENABLE_INIT_GL_WARNINGS_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD)
-    target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PRIVATE "FILAMENT_ENABLE_INIT_GL_WARNINGS_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD")
-endif()
-
-
-
 # ==================================================================================================
 # Expose a header-only target to minimize dependencies.
 # ==================================================================================================

filament/backend/include/backend/BufferDescriptor.h

@@ -20,10 +20,15 @@
 #define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_BUFFERDESCRIPTOR_H
 
 #include <utils/compiler.h>
-#include <utils/ostream.h>
+
+#include <utility>
 
 #include <stddef.h>
 
+namespace utils::io {
+class ostream;
+} // namespace utils::io
+
 namespace filament::backend {
 
 class CallbackHandler;
@@ -89,8 +94,8 @@ public:
      * @param callback  A callback used to release the CPU buffer from this BufferDescriptor
      * @param user      An opaque user pointer passed to the callback function when it's called
      */
-    BufferDescriptor(void const* buffer, size_t size,
-            Callback callback = nullptr, void* user = nullptr) noexcept
+    BufferDescriptor(void const* buffer, size_t const size,
+            Callback const callback = nullptr, void* user = nullptr) noexcept
                 : buffer(const_cast<void*>(buffer)), size(size), mCallback(callback), mUser(user) {
     }
 
@@ -98,11 +103,12 @@ public:
      * Creates a BufferDescriptor that references a CPU memory-buffer
      * @param buffer    Memory address of the CPU buffer to reference
      * @param size      Size of the CPU buffer in bytes
+     * @param handler   A custom handler for the callback
      * @param callback  A callback used to release the CPU buffer from this BufferDescriptor
      * @param user      An opaque user pointer passed to the callback function when it's called
      */
-    BufferDescriptor(void const* buffer, size_t size,
-            CallbackHandler* handler, Callback callback, void* user = nullptr) noexcept
+    BufferDescriptor(void const* buffer, size_t const size,
+            CallbackHandler* handler, Callback const callback, void* user = nullptr) noexcept
                 : buffer(const_cast<void*>(buffer)), size(size),
                 mCallback(callback), mUser(user), mHandler(handler) {
     }
@@ -116,8 +122,9 @@ public:
      *
      * @param buffer    Memory address of the CPU buffer to reference
      * @param size      Size of the CPU buffer in bytes
+     * @param data      A pointer to the data
      * @param handler   Handler to use to dispatch the callback, or nullptr for the default handler
-     * @return          a new BufferDescriptor
+     * @return          A new BufferDescriptor
      */
     template<typename T, void(T::*method)(void const*, size_t)>
     static BufferDescriptor make(void const* buffer, size_t size, T* data,
@@ -164,7 +171,7 @@ public:
      * @param callback  The new callback function
      * @param user      An opaque user pointer passed to the callbeck function when it's called
      */
-    void setCallback(Callback callback, void* user = nullptr) noexcept {
+    void setCallback(Callback const callback, void* user = nullptr) noexcept {
         this->mCallback = callback;
         this->mUser = user;
         this->mHandler = nullptr;
@@ -176,7 +183,7 @@ public:
      * @param callback  The new callback function
      * @param user      An opaque user pointer passed to the callbeck function when it's called
      */
-    void setCallback(CallbackHandler* handler, Callback callback, void* user = nullptr) noexcept {
+    void setCallback(CallbackHandler* handler, Callback const callback, void* user = nullptr) noexcept {
         mCallback = callback;
         mUser = user;
         mHandler = handler;

filament/backend/include/backend/DescriptorSetOffsetArray.h

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@
 
 #include <backend/DriverApiForward.h>
 
-#include <utils/ostream.h>
-
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <memory>
 
@@ -28,6 +26,10 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 
+namespace utils::io {
+class ostream;
+} // namespace utils::io
+
 namespace filament::backend {
 
 void* allocateFromCommandStream(DriverApi& driver, size_t size, size_t alignment) noexcept;

filament/backend/include/backend/DriverEnums.h

@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@
 #include <backend/PresentCallable.h>
 
 #include <utils/BitmaskEnum.h>
+#include <utils/CString.h>
 #include <utils/FixedCapacityVector.h>
 #include <utils/Invocable.h>
-#include <utils/compiler.h>
+#include <utils/StaticString.h>
 #include <utils/debug.h>
-#include <utils/ostream.h>
 
 #include <math/vec4.h>
 
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+namespace utils::io {
+class ostream;
+} // namespace utils::io
+
 /**
  * Types and enums used by filament's driver.
  *
@@ -1139,6 +1143,7 @@ struct ExternalSamplerDatum {
 static_assert(sizeof(ExternalSamplerDatum) == 12);
 
 struct DescriptorSetLayout {
+    std::variant<utils::StaticString, utils::CString, std::monostate> label;
     utils::FixedCapacityVector<DescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings;
 
 //  TODO: uncomment when needed

filament/backend/include/backend/Handle.h

@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@
 #ifndef TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_HANDLE_H
 #define TNT_FILAMENT_BACKEND_HANDLE_H
 
-#if !defined(NDEBUG)
-#include <utils/ostream.h>
-#endif
 #include <utils/debug.h>
 
 #include <type_traits> // FIXME: STL headers are not allowed in public headers
@@ -27,6 +24,10 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+namespace utils::io {
+class ostream;
+} // namespace utils::io
+
 namespace filament::backend {
 
 struct HwBufferObject;

filament/backend/include/backend/PipelineState.h

@@ -20,12 +20,14 @@
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
 #include <backend/Handle.h>
 
-#include <utils/ostream.h>
-
 #include <array>
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+namespace utils::io {
+class ostream;
+} // namespace utils::io
+
 namespace filament::backend {
 
 //! \privatesection

filament/backend/include/backend/PixelBufferDescriptor.h

@@ -24,11 +24,14 @@
 
 #include <utils/compiler.h>
 #include <utils/debug.h>
-#include <utils/ostream.h>
 
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+namespace utils::io {
+class ostream;
+} // namespace utils::io
+
 namespace filament::backend {
 
 /**

filament/backend/include/backend/Program.h

@@ -20,12 +20,10 @@
 #include <utils/CString.h>
 #include <utils/FixedCapacityVector.h>
 #include <utils/Invocable.h>
-#include <utils/ostream.h>
 
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
 
 #include <array>
-#include <unordered_map>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <utility>
 #include <variant>
@@ -33,6 +31,10 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+namespace utils::io {
+class ostream;
+} // namespace utils::io
+
 namespace filament::backend {
 
 class Program {
@@ -44,8 +46,8 @@ public:
 
     struct Descriptor {
         utils::CString name;
-        backend::DescriptorType type;
-        backend::descriptor_binding_t binding;
+        DescriptorType type;
+        descriptor_binding_t binding;
     };
 
     struct SpecializationConstant {

filament/backend/include/backend/TargetBufferInfo.h

@@ -19,22 +19,26 @@
 
 #include <backend/Handle.h>
 
-#include <utils/ostream.h>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+namespace utils::io {
+class ostream;
+} // namespace utils::io
+
 namespace filament::backend {
 
 //! \privatesection
 
 struct TargetBufferInfo {
     // note: the parameters of this constructor are not in the order of this structure's fields
-    TargetBufferInfo(Handle<HwTexture> handle, uint8_t level, uint16_t layer) noexcept
-            : handle(handle), level(level), layer(layer) {
+    TargetBufferInfo(Handle<HwTexture> handle, uint8_t const level, uint16_t const layer) noexcept
+            : handle(std::move(handle)), level(level), layer(layer) {
     }
 
-    TargetBufferInfo(Handle<HwTexture> handle, uint8_t level) noexcept
+    TargetBufferInfo(Handle<HwTexture> handle, uint8_t const level) noexcept
             : handle(handle), level(level) {
     }
 
@@ -70,11 +74,11 @@ private:
     TargetBufferInfo mInfos[MAX_SUPPORTED_RENDER_TARGET_COUNT];
 
 public:
-    TargetBufferInfo const& operator[](size_t i) const noexcept {
+    TargetBufferInfo const& operator[](size_t const i) const noexcept {
         return mInfos[i];
     }
 
-    TargetBufferInfo& operator[](size_t i) noexcept {
+    TargetBufferInfo& operator[](size_t const i) noexcept {
         return mInfos[i];
     }
 

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/PlatformMetal.h

@@ -39,18 +39,40 @@ public:
     Driver* createDriver(void* sharedContext, const Platform::DriverConfig& driverConfig) noexcept override;
     int getOSVersion() const noexcept override { return 0; }
 
+    /**
+     * Optionally initializes the Metal platform by acquiring resources necessary for rendering.
+     *
+     * This method attempts to acquire a Metal device and command queue, returning true if both are
+     * successfully obtained, or false otherwise. Typically, these objects are acquired when
+     * the Metal backend is initialized. This method allows clients to check for their availability
+     * earlier.
+     *
+     * Calling initialize() is optional and safe to do so multiple times. After initialize() returns
+     * true, subsequent calls will continue to return true but have no effect.
+     *
+     * initialize() must be called from the main thread.
+     *
+     * @returns true if the device and command queue have been successfully obtained; false
+     * otherwise.
+     */
+    bool initialize() noexcept;
+
     /**
      * Obtain the preferred Metal device object for the backend to use.
      *
      * On desktop platforms, there may be multiple GPUs suitable for rendering, and this method is
      * free to decide which one to use. On mobile systems with a single GPU, implementations should
      * simply return the result of MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
+     *
+     * createDevice is called by the Metal backend from the backend thread.
      */
     virtual void createDevice(MetalDevice& outDevice) noexcept;
 
     /**
      * Create a command submission queue on the Metal device object.
      *
+     * createCommandQueue is called by the Metal backend from the backend thread.
+     *
      * @param device The device which was returned from createDevice()
      */
     virtual void createCommandQueue(
@@ -60,6 +82,8 @@ public:
      * Obtain a MTLCommandBuffer enqueued on this Platform's MTLCommandQueue. The command buffer is
      * guaranteed to execute before all subsequent command buffers created either by Filament, or
      * further calls to this method.
+     *
+     * createAndEnqueueCommandBuffer must be called from the main thread.
      */
     void createAndEnqueueCommandBuffer(MetalCommandBuffer& outCommandBuffer) noexcept;
 
@@ -68,6 +92,8 @@ public:
      *
      * Each frame rendered requires a CAMetalDrawable texture, which is presented on-screen at the
      * completion of each frame. These are limited and provided round-robin style by the system.
+     *
+     * setDrawableFailureBehavior must be called from the main thread.
      */
     enum class DrawableFailureBehavior : uint8_t {
         /**

filament/backend/include/backend/platforms/VulkanPlatform.h

@@ -27,8 +27,11 @@
 #include <utils/Hash.h>
 #include <utils/PrivateImplementation.h>
 
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <functional>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <unordered_set>
+#include <string>
 
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>

filament/backend/src/CommandStream.cpp

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ void CommandStream::execute(void* buffer) {
 
     Profiler profiler;
 
-    if constexpr (SYSTRACE_TAG) {
+    if (SYSTRACE_TAG) {
         if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(mUsePerformanceCounter)) {
             // we want to remove all this when tracing is completely disabled
             profiler.resetEvents(Profiler::EV_CPU_CYCLES  | Profiler::EV_BPU_MISSES);
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ void CommandStream::execute(void* buffer) {
         }
     });
 
-    if constexpr (SYSTRACE_TAG) {
+    if (SYSTRACE_TAG) {
         if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(mUsePerformanceCounter)) {
             // we want to remove all this when tracing is completely disabled
             profiler.stop();

filament/backend/src/Platform.cpp

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <backend/Platform.h>
 
 #include <utils/compiler.h>
+#include <utils/ostream.h>
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <utility>

filament/backend/src/metal/MetalBuffer.mm

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 #include "MetalContext.h"
 
+#include <utils/Panic.h>
+
 namespace filament {
 namespace backend {
 

filament/backend/src/metal/MetalDriver.mm

@@ -721,15 +721,25 @@ const char* toString(DescriptorFlags flags) {
 
 void MetalDriver::createDescriptorSetLayoutR(
         Handle<HwDescriptorSetLayout> dslh, DescriptorSetLayout&& info) {
+#if FILAMENT_METAL_DEBUG_LOG == 1
+    const char* labelStr = "";
+    std::visit([&labelStr](auto&& arg) {
+        using T = std::decay_t<decltype(arg)>;
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, utils::CString> || std::is_same_v<T, utils::StaticString>) {
+            labelStr = arg.c_str();
+        }
+    }, info.label);
     std::sort(info.bindings.begin(), info.bindings.end(),
             [](const auto& a, const auto& b) { return a.binding < b.binding; });
-    DEBUG_LOG("createDescriptorSetLayoutR(dslh = %d, info = {\n", dslh.getId());
+    DEBUG_LOG("createDescriptorSetLayoutR(dslh = %d, info = { label = %s,\n", dslh.getId(),
+            labelStr);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < info.bindings.size(); i++) {
         DEBUG_LOG("    {binding = %d, type = %s, count = %d, stage = %s, flags = %s},\n",
                 info.bindings[i].binding, toString(info.bindings[i].type), info.bindings[i].count,
                 toString(info.bindings[i].stageFlags), toString(info.bindings[i].flags));
     }
     DEBUG_LOG("})\n");
+#endif
     construct_handle<MetalDescriptorSetLayout>(dslh, std::move(info));
 }
 

filament/backend/src/metal/MetalEnums.h

@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ inline MTLPixelFormat getMetalFormat(PixelDataFormat format, PixelDataType type)
     CONVERT(RGBA_INTEGER, UINT, RGBA32Uint);
     CONVERT(RGBA_INTEGER, INT, RGBA32Sint);
     CONVERT(RGBA, FLOAT, RGBA32Float);
+    CONVERT(DEPTH_COMPONENT, FLOAT, Depth32Float);
     #undef CONVERT
 
     return MTLPixelFormatInvalid;

filament/backend/src/metal/MetalHandles.mm

@@ -1382,6 +1382,9 @@ id<MTLArgumentEncoder> MetalDescriptorSetLayout::getArgumentEncoderSlow(id<MTLDe
                 break;
         }
     }
+    if (arguments.count == 0) {
+        return nil;
+    }
     return [device newArgumentEncoderWithArguments:arguments];
 }
 
@@ -1442,6 +1445,9 @@ id<MTLBuffer> MetalDescriptorSet::finalizeAndGetBuffer(MetalDriver* driver, Shad
 
     id<MTLArgumentEncoder> encoder =
             layout->getArgumentEncoder(context.device, stage, textureTypes);
+    if (!encoder) {
+        return nil;
+    }
 
     {
         ScopedAllocationTimer timer("descriptor_set");

filament/backend/src/metal/MetalState.h

@@ -20,18 +20,19 @@
 #include <Metal/Metal.h>
 
 #include "private/backend/Driver.h"
-#include "backend/Program.h"
 
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
+#include <backend/Program.h>
 
+#include <utils/bitset.h>
 #include <utils/FixedCapacityVector.h>
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <tsl/robin_map.h>
-
 #include <utils/Hash.h>
 #include <utils/Invocable.h>
 
+#include <tsl/robin_map.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
 namespace filament {
 namespace backend {
 

filament/backend/src/metal/PlatformMetal.mm

@@ -24,14 +24,22 @@
 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 
 #include <atomic>
+#include <mutex>
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
 struct PlatformMetalImpl {
+    std::mutex mLock;   // locks mDevice and mCommandQueue
+    id<MTLDevice> mDevice = nil;
     id<MTLCommandQueue> mCommandQueue = nil;
+
     // read form driver thread, read/written to from client thread
     std::atomic<PlatformMetal::DrawableFailureBehavior> mDrawableFailureBehavior =
             PlatformMetal::DrawableFailureBehavior::PANIC;
+
+    // These methods must be called with mLock held
+    void createDeviceImpl(MetalDevice& outDevice);
+    void createCommandQueueImpl(MetalDevice& device, MetalCommandQueue& outCommandQueue);
 };
 
 Platform* createDefaultMetalPlatform() {
@@ -48,7 +56,59 @@ Driver* PlatformMetal::createDriver(void* /*sharedContext*/, const Platform::Dri
     return MetalDriverFactory::create(this, driverConfig);
 }
 
+
+bool PlatformMetal::initialize() noexcept {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(pImpl->mLock);
+
+    MetalDevice device{};
+    pImpl->createDeviceImpl(device);
+    if (device.device == nil) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    MetalCommandQueue commandQueue{};
+    pImpl->createCommandQueueImpl(device, commandQueue);
+    if (commandQueue.commandQueue == nil) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 void PlatformMetal::createDevice(MetalDevice& outDevice) noexcept {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(pImpl->mLock);
+    pImpl->createDeviceImpl(outDevice);
+}
+
+void PlatformMetal::createCommandQueue(
+        MetalDevice& device, MetalCommandQueue& outCommandQueue) noexcept {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(pImpl->mLock);
+    pImpl->createCommandQueueImpl(device, outCommandQueue);
+}
+
+void PlatformMetal::createAndEnqueueCommandBuffer(MetalCommandBuffer& outCommandBuffer) noexcept {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(pImpl->mLock);
+    id<MTLCommandBuffer> commandBuffer = [pImpl->mCommandQueue commandBuffer];
+    [commandBuffer enqueue];
+    outCommandBuffer.commandBuffer = commandBuffer;
+}
+
+void PlatformMetal::setDrawableFailureBehavior(DrawableFailureBehavior behavior) noexcept {
+    pImpl->mDrawableFailureBehavior = behavior;
+}
+
+PlatformMetal::DrawableFailureBehavior PlatformMetal::getDrawableFailureBehavior() const noexcept {
+    return pImpl->mDrawableFailureBehavior;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void PlatformMetalImpl::createDeviceImpl(MetalDevice& outDevice) {
+    if (mDevice) {
+        outDevice.device = mDevice;
+        return;
+    }
+
     id<MTLDevice> result;
 
 #if !defined(FILAMENT_IOS)
@@ -74,27 +134,17 @@ void PlatformMetal::createDevice(MetalDevice& outDevice) noexcept {
                   << utils::io::endl;
 
     outDevice.device = result;
+    mDevice = result;
 }
 
-void PlatformMetal::createCommandQueue(
-        MetalDevice& device, MetalCommandQueue& outCommandQueue) noexcept {
-    pImpl->mCommandQueue = [device.device newCommandQueue];
-    pImpl->mCommandQueue.label = @"Filament";
-    outCommandQueue.commandQueue = pImpl->mCommandQueue;
-}
-
-void PlatformMetal::createAndEnqueueCommandBuffer(MetalCommandBuffer& outCommandBuffer) noexcept {
-    id<MTLCommandBuffer> commandBuffer = [pImpl->mCommandQueue commandBuffer];
-    [commandBuffer enqueue];
-    outCommandBuffer.commandBuffer = commandBuffer;
-}
-
-void PlatformMetal::setDrawableFailureBehavior(DrawableFailureBehavior behavior) noexcept {
-    pImpl->mDrawableFailureBehavior = behavior;
-}
-
-PlatformMetal::DrawableFailureBehavior PlatformMetal::getDrawableFailureBehavior() const noexcept {
-    return pImpl->mDrawableFailureBehavior;
+void PlatformMetalImpl::createCommandQueueImpl(MetalDevice& device, MetalCommandQueue& outCommandQueue) {
+    if (mCommandQueue) {
+        outCommandQueue.commandQueue = mCommandQueue;
+        return;
+    }
+    mCommandQueue = [device.device newCommandQueue];
+    mCommandQueue.label = @"Filament";
+    outCommandQueue.commandQueue = mCommandQueue;
 }
 
 } // namespace filament

filament/backend/src/opengl/GLUtils.h

@@ -50,14 +50,6 @@ void assertFramebufferStatus(utils::io::ostream& out, GLenum target, const char*
 #   define CHECK_GL_FRAMEBUFFER_STATUS(out, target) { GLUtils::checkFramebufferStatus(out, target, __func__, __LINE__); }
 #endif
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-#   define CHECK_GL_INIT_ERROR_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD(out) { GLUtils::assertGLError(out, __func__, __LINE__);}
-#elif defined(FILAMENT_ENABLE_INIT_GL_WARNINGS_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD)
-#   define CHECK_GL_INIT_ERROR_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD(out) { GLUtils::checkGLError(out, __func__, __LINE__);}
-#else 
-#   define CHECK_GL_INIT_ERROR_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD(out)
-#endif
-
 constexpr GLuint getComponentCount(ElementType const type) noexcept {
     using ElementType = ElementType;
     switch (type) {

filament/backend/src/opengl/OpenGLContext.cpp

@@ -59,9 +59,6 @@ bool OpenGLContext::queryOpenGLVersion(GLint* major, GLint* minor) noexcept {
     // OpenGL version
     glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION, major);
     glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION, minor);
-
-    CHECK_GL_INIT_ERROR_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD(utils::slog.e)
-
     return (glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR);
 #endif
 }
@@ -112,8 +109,6 @@ OpenGLContext::OpenGLContext(OpenGLPlatform& platform,
     glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_3D_TEXTURE_SIZE,               &gets.max_3d_texture_size);
     glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_ARRAY_TEXTURE_LAYERS,          &gets.max_array_texture_layers);
 
-    CHECK_GL_INIT_ERROR_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD(utils::slog.e)
-
     mFeatureLevel = resolveFeatureLevel(state.major, state.minor, ext, gets, bugs);
 
 #ifdef BACKEND_OPENGL_VERSION_GLES
@@ -154,7 +149,6 @@ OpenGLContext::OpenGLContext(OpenGLPlatform& platform,
         glGetIntegerv(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT,
                 &gets.uniform_buffer_offset_alignment);
 #endif
-        CHECK_GL_INIT_ERROR_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD(utils::slog.e)
     }
 
 #ifdef BACKEND_OPENGL_VERSION_GLES
@@ -241,7 +235,6 @@ OpenGLContext::OpenGLContext(OpenGLPlatform& platform,
     }
 #endif
 #endif
-CHECK_GL_INIT_ERROR_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD(utils::slog.e)
 
     // in practice KHR_Debug has never been useful, and actually is confusing. We keep this
     // only for our own debugging, in case we need it some day.
@@ -276,7 +269,6 @@ CHECK_GL_INIT_ERROR_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD(utils::slog.e)
         glDebugMessageCallback(cb, nullptr);
     }
 #endif
-CHECK_GL_INIT_ERROR_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD(utils::slog.e)
 
     mTimerQueryFactory = TimerQueryFactory::init(platform, *this);
 }
@@ -392,8 +384,6 @@ void OpenGLContext::setDefaultState() noexcept {
         glEnable(GL_CLIP_DISTANCE0);
         glEnable(GL_CLIP_DISTANCE1);
     }
-
-    CHECK_GL_INIT_ERROR_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD(utils::slog.e)
 }
 
 
@@ -552,6 +542,13 @@ void OpenGLContext::initBugs(Bugs* bugs, Extensions const& exts,
         } else if (strstr(renderer, "Intel")) {
             // Intel GPU
             bugs->vao_doesnt_store_element_array_buffer_binding = true;
+
+            if (strstr(renderer, "Mesa")) {
+                // Mesa Intel driver on Linux/Android
+                // Renderer of the form [Mesa Intel(R) HD Graphics 505 (APL 3)]
+                // b/405252622
+                bugs->disable_invalidate_framebuffer = true;
+            }
         } else if (strstr(renderer, "PowerVR")) {
             // PowerVR GPU
             // On PowerVR (Rogue GE8320) glFlush doesn't seem to do anything, in particular,
@@ -771,8 +768,6 @@ void OpenGLContext::initExtensionsGLES(Extensions* ext, GLint major, GLint minor
         ext->EXT_discard_framebuffer = true;
         ext->OES_vertex_array_object = true;
     }
-
-    CHECK_GL_INIT_ERROR_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD(utils::slog.e)
 }
 
 #endif // BACKEND_OPENGL_VERSION_GLES
@@ -843,8 +838,6 @@ void OpenGLContext::initExtensionsGL(Extensions* ext, GLint major, GLint minor)
     if (major > 4 || (major == 4 && minor >= 5)) {
         ext->EXT_clip_control = true;
     }
-
-    CHECK_GL_INIT_ERROR_FOR_OPTIMIZED_BUILD(utils::slog.e)
 }
 
 #endif // BACKEND_OPENGL_VERSION_GL

filament/backend/src/opengl/platforms/PlatformCocoaGL.mm

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ struct PlatformCocoaGLImpl {
     CVOpenGLTextureCacheRef mTextureCache = nullptr;
     std::unique_ptr<CocoaExternalImage::SharedGl> mExternalImageSharedGl;
     void updateOpenGLContext(NSView *nsView, bool resetView, bool clearView);
-    struct ExternalImageCocoaGL : public Platform::ExternalImage {
+    struct ExternalImageCocoaGL final : public Platform::ExternalImage {
         CVPixelBufferRef cvBuffer;
     protected:
         ~ExternalImageCocoaGL() noexcept final;

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanConstants.h

@@ -152,12 +152,12 @@ static_assert(FVK_ENABLED(FVK_DEBUG_VALIDATION));
 #elif FVK_ENABLED(FVK_DEBUG_SYSTRACE)
 
     #include <utils/Systrace.h>
-
+    
     #define FVK_SYSTRACE_CONTEXT()      SYSTRACE_CONTEXT()
     #define FVK_SYSTRACE_START(marker)  SYSTRACE_NAME_BEGIN(marker)
     #define FVK_SYSTRACE_END()          SYSTRACE_NAME_END()
-    #define FVK_SYSTRACE_SCOPE()        SYSTRACE_CALL()
-    #define FVK_PROFILE_MARKER(marker)  SYSTRACE_CALL()
+    #define FVK_SYSTRACE_SCOPE()        SYSTRACE_NAME(__func__)
+    #define FVK_PROFILE_MARKER(marker)  FVK_SYSTRACE_SCOPE()
 
 #else
     #define FVK_SYSTRACE_CONTEXT()

filament/backend/src/vulkan/VulkanContext.h

@@ -142,6 +142,10 @@ public:
         return mPortabilitySubsetFeatures.imageView2DOn3DImage == VK_TRUE;
     }
 
+    inline bool isUnifiedMemoryArchitecture() const noexcept {
+        return mIsUnifiedMemoryArchitecture;
+    }
+
 private:
     VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties mMemoryProperties = {};
     VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 mPhysicalDeviceProperties = {
@@ -164,6 +168,7 @@ private:
     bool mDebugUtilsSupported = false;
     bool mLazilyAllocatedMemorySupported = false;
     bool mProtectedMemorySupported = false;
+    bool mIsUnifiedMemoryArchitecture = false;
 
     fvkutils::VkFormatList mDepthStencilFormats;
     fvkutils::VkFormatList mBlittableDepthStencilFormats;

filament/backend/src/vulkan/platform/VulkanPlatform.cpp

@@ -631,6 +631,21 @@ fvkutils::VkFormatList findBlittableDepthStencilFormats(VkPhysicalDevice device)
     return ret;
 }
 
+/**
+ *  Check if the GPU has a unified memory architecture.
+ */
+bool hasUnifiedMemoryArchitecture(VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memoryProperties) noexcept {
+    // Try to identify if the platform is running on a Unified Memory Architecture by inspecting the
+    // memory heap flags, if they are all VK_MEMORY_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT it's UMA, otherwise not
+    // enough information to make a decision, so default to false.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memoryProperties.memoryHeapCount; ++i) {
+        if ((memoryProperties.memoryHeaps[i].flags & VK_MEMORY_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT) == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 }// anonymous namespace
 
 using SwapChainPtr = VulkanPlatform::SwapChainPtr;
@@ -864,6 +879,8 @@ Driver* VulkanPlatform::createDriver(void* sharedContext,
         }
     }
 
+    context.mIsUnifiedMemoryArchitecture = hasUnifiedMemoryArchitecture(context.mMemoryProperties);
+
 #ifdef NDEBUG
     // If we are in release build, we should not have turned on debug extensions
     FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(!context.mDebugUtilsSupported && !context.mDebugMarkersSupported)

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WGPUProgram.cpp

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 #include <webgpu/webgpu_cpp.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string_view>
 #include <vector>
@@ -125,21 +126,64 @@ namespace {
     return module;
 }
 
+// This is a 1 to 1 mapping of the ReservedSpecializationConstants enum in EngineEnums.h
+// The _hack is a workaround until https://issues.chromium.org/issues/42250586 is resolved
+// This workaround is the same one being used on the generateSpecializationConstant() function
+wgpu::StringView getSpecConstantStringId(uint32_t id) {
+    switch (id) {
+        case 0:
+            return "0";// BACKEND_FEATURE_LEVEL_hack
+        case 1:
+            return "1";// CONFIG_MAX_INSTANCES_hack
+        case 2:
+            return "2";// ONFIG_STATIC_TEXTURE_TARGET_WORKAROUND_hack
+        case 3:
+            return "3";// CONFIG_SRGB_SWAPCHAIN_EMULATION_hack
+        case 4:
+            return "4";// CONFIG_FROXEL_BUFFER_HEIGHT_hack
+        case 5:
+            return "5";// CONFIG_POWER_VR_SHADER_WORKAROUNDS_hack
+        case 6:
+            return "6";// CONFIG_DEBUG_DIRECTIONAL_SHADOWMAP_hack
+        case 7:
+            return "7";// CONFIG_DEBUG_FROXEL_VISUALIZATION_hack
+        case 8:
+            return "8";// CONFIG_STEREO_EYE_COUNT_hack
+        case 9:
+            return "9";// CONFIG_SH_BANDS_COUNT_hack
+        case 10:
+            return "10";// CONFIG_SHADOW_SAMPLING_METHOD_hack
+        default:
+            PANIC_POSTCONDITION("Unknown/unhandled spec constant key/id: %d", id);
+    }
+}
+
 std::vector<wgpu::ConstantEntry> convertConstants(
         utils::FixedCapacityVector<filament::backend::Program::SpecializationConstant> const&
                 constantsInfo) {
-    std::vector<wgpu::ConstantEntry> constants(constantsInfo.size());
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < constantsInfo.size(); i++) {
-        filament::backend::Program::SpecializationConstant const& specConstant = constantsInfo[i];
-        wgpu::ConstantEntry& constantEntry = constants[i];
-        constantEntry.key = wgpu::StringView(std::to_string(specConstant.id));
-        if (auto* v = std::get_if<int32_t>(&specConstant.value)) {
-            constantEntry.value = static_cast<double>(*v);
-        } else if (auto* f = std::get_if<float>(&specConstant.value)) {
-            constantEntry.value = static_cast<double>(*f);
-        } else if (auto* b = std::get_if<bool>(&specConstant.value)) {
-            constantEntry.value = *b ? 0.0 : 1.0;
+    std::vector<wgpu::ConstantEntry> constants;
+    constants.reserve(constantsInfo.size());
+    for (filament::backend::Program::SpecializationConstant const& constant: constantsInfo) {
+        // CONFIG_MAX_INSTANCES (1) and CONFIG_FROXEL_BUFFER_HEIGHT (4) will not be present
+        // as constant overrides in the generated WGSL, because WGSL doesn't support specialization
+        // constants as an array length
+        // More information at https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/issues/572#issuecomment-649760005
+        // CONFIG_SRGB_SWAPCHAIN_EMULATION (3) is being skipped all together since it's only
+        // included for the case of mFeatureLevel == FeatureLevel::FEATURE_LEVEL_0, which should
+        // not be possible for WebGPU
+        if (constant.id == 1 || constant.id == 3 || constant.id == 4) {
+            continue;
         }
+        double value = 0.0;
+        if (auto* v = std::get_if<int32_t>(&constant.value)) {
+            value = static_cast<double>(*v);
+        } else if (auto* f = std::get_if<float>(&constant.value)) {
+            value = static_cast<double>(*f);
+        } else if (auto* b = std::get_if<bool>(&constant.value)) {
+            value = *b ? 0.0 : 1.0;
+        }
+        constants.push_back(
+                wgpu::ConstantEntry{ .key = getSpecConstantStringId(constant.id), .value = value });
     }
     return constants;
 }

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUDriver.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-
+#include <utils/Hash.h>
 #include "webgpu/WebGPUDriver.h"
 
 #include "WebGPUPipelineCreation.h"
@@ -389,9 +389,7 @@ Handle<HwTexture> WebGPUDriver::createTextureS() noexcept {
     return allocHandle<WGPUTexture>();
 }
 
-Handle<HwTexture> WebGPUDriver::importTextureS() noexcept {
-    return Handle<HwTexture>((Handle<HwTexture>::HandleId) mNextFakeHandle++);
-}
+Handle<HwTexture> WebGPUDriver::importTextureS() noexcept { return allocHandle<WGPUTexture>(); }
 
 Handle<HwProgram> WebGPUDriver::createProgramS() noexcept {
     return allocHandle<WGPUProgram>();
@@ -410,7 +408,7 @@ Handle<HwIndexBuffer> WebGPUDriver::createIndexBufferS() noexcept {
 }
 
 Handle<HwTexture> WebGPUDriver::createTextureViewS() noexcept {
-    return Handle<HwTexture>((Handle<HwTexture>::HandleId) mNextFakeHandle++);
+    return allocHandle<WGPUTexture>();
 }
 
 Handle<HwBufferObject> WebGPUDriver::createBufferObjectS() noexcept {
@@ -438,7 +436,7 @@ Handle<HwVertexBufferInfo> WebGPUDriver::createVertexBufferInfoS() noexcept {
 }
 
 Handle<HwTexture> WebGPUDriver::createTextureViewSwizzleS() noexcept {
-    return Handle<HwTexture>((Handle<HwTexture>::HandleId) mNextFakeHandle++);
+    return allocHandle<WGPUTexture>();
 }
 
 Handle<HwRenderTarget> WebGPUDriver::createDefaultRenderTargetS() noexcept {
@@ -450,15 +448,15 @@ Handle<HwDescriptorSetLayout> WebGPUDriver::createDescriptorSetLayoutS() noexcep
 }
 
 Handle<HwTexture> WebGPUDriver::createTextureExternalImageS() noexcept {
-    return Handle<HwTexture>((Handle<HwTexture>::HandleId) mNextFakeHandle++);
+    return allocHandle<WGPUTexture>();
 }
 
 Handle<HwTexture> WebGPUDriver::createTextureExternalImage2S() noexcept {
-    return Handle<HwTexture>((Handle<HwTexture>::HandleId) mNextFakeHandle++);
+    return allocHandle<WGPUTexture>();
 }
 
 Handle<HwTexture> WebGPUDriver::createTextureExternalImagePlaneS() noexcept {
-    return Handle<HwTexture>((Handle<HwTexture>::HandleId) mNextFakeHandle++);
+    return allocHandle<WGPUTexture>();
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createSwapChainR(Handle<HwSwapChain> sch, void* nativeWindow, uint64_t flags) {
@@ -470,6 +468,8 @@ void WebGPUDriver::createSwapChainR(Handle<HwSwapChain> sch, void* nativeWindow,
     mSwapChain = constructHandle<WebGPUSwapChain>(sch, std::move(surface), surfaceSize, mAdapter,
             mDevice, flags);
     assert_invariant(mSwapChain);
+    WebGPUDescriptorSet::initializeDummyResourcesIfNotAlready(mDevice,
+            mSwapChain->getColorFormat());
     FWGPU_LOGW << "WebGPU support is still essentially a no-op at this point in development (only "
                   "background components have been instantiated/selected, such as surface/screen, "
                   "graphics device/GPU, etc.), thus nothing is being drawn to the screen."
@@ -512,30 +512,46 @@ void WebGPUDriver::createBufferObjectR(Handle<HwBufferObject> boh, uint32_t byte
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createTextureR(Handle<HwTexture> th, SamplerType target, uint8_t levels,
         TextureFormat format, uint8_t samples, uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t depth,
-        TextureUsage usage) {}
+        TextureUsage usage) {
+    constructHandle<WGPUTexture>(th, target, levels, format, samples, w, h, depth, usage, mDevice);
+}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createTextureViewR(Handle<HwTexture> th, Handle<HwTexture> srch,
-        uint8_t baseLevel, uint8_t levelCount) {}
+        uint8_t baseLevel, uint8_t levelCount) {
+    auto source = handleCast<WGPUTexture>(srch);
+
+    constructHandle<WGPUTexture>(th, source, baseLevel, levelCount);
+}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createTextureViewSwizzleR(Handle<HwTexture> th, Handle<HwTexture> srch,
         backend::TextureSwizzle r, backend::TextureSwizzle g, backend::TextureSwizzle b,
-        backend::TextureSwizzle a) {}
+        backend::TextureSwizzle a) {
+    PANIC_POSTCONDITION("Swizzle WebGPU Texture is not supported");
+}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createTextureExternalImage2R(Handle<HwTexture> th, backend::SamplerType target,
         backend::TextureFormat format, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, backend::TextureUsage usage,
-        Platform::ExternalImageHandleRef externalImage) {}
+        Platform::ExternalImageHandleRef externalImage) {
+    PANIC_POSTCONDITION("External WebGPU Texture is not supported");
+}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createTextureExternalImageR(Handle<HwTexture> th, backend::SamplerType target,
         backend::TextureFormat format, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, backend::TextureUsage usage,
-        void* externalImage) {}
+        void* externalImage) {
+    PANIC_POSTCONDITION("External WebGPU Texture is not supported");
+}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createTextureExternalImagePlaneR(Handle<HwTexture> th,
         backend::TextureFormat format, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, backend::TextureUsage usage,
-        void* image, uint32_t plane) {}
+        void* image, uint32_t plane) {
+    PANIC_POSTCONDITION("External WebGPU Texture is not supported");
+}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::importTextureR(Handle<HwTexture> th, intptr_t id, SamplerType target,
         uint8_t levels, TextureFormat format, uint8_t samples, uint32_t w, uint32_t h,
-        uint32_t depth, TextureUsage usage) {}
+        uint32_t depth, TextureUsage usage) {
+    PANIC_POSTCONDITION("Import WebGPU Texture is not supported");
+}
 
 void WebGPUDriver::createRenderPrimitiveR(Handle<HwRenderPrimitive> rph, Handle<HwVertexBuffer> vbh,
         Handle<HwIndexBuffer> ibh, PrimitiveType pt) {
@@ -575,7 +591,7 @@ void WebGPUDriver::createDescriptorSetLayoutR(Handle<HwDescriptorSetLayout> dslh
 void WebGPUDriver::createDescriptorSetR(Handle<HwDescriptorSet> dsh,
         Handle<HwDescriptorSetLayout> dslh) {
     auto layout = handleCast<WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout>(dslh);
-    constructHandle<WebGPUDescriptorSet>(dsh, layout->getLayout(), layout->getLayoutSize());
+    constructHandle<WebGPUDescriptorSet>(dsh, layout->getLayout(), layout->getBindGroupEntries());
 }
 
 Handle<HwStream> WebGPUDriver::createStreamNative(void* nativeStream) {
@@ -612,7 +628,7 @@ FenceStatus WebGPUDriver::getFenceStatus(Handle<HwFence> fh) {
 // We create all textures using VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL, so our definition of "supported" is that
 // the GPU supports the given texture format with non-zero optimal tiling features.
 bool WebGPUDriver::isTextureFormatSupported(TextureFormat format) {
-    return true;
+    return WGPUTexture::fToWGPUTextureFormat(format) != wgpu::TextureFormat::Undefined;
 }
 
 bool WebGPUDriver::isTextureSwizzleSupported() {
@@ -760,8 +776,31 @@ void WebGPUDriver::compilePrograms(CompilerPriorityQueue priority,
     }
 }
 
-void WebGPUDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth, const RenderPassParams& params) {
+void WebGPUDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth, RenderPassParams const& params) {
     assert_invariant(mCommandEncoder);
+
+    auto* renderTarget = handleCast<WGPURenderTarget>(rth);
+    // if (renderTarget == mDefaultRenderTarget) {
+    //     FWGPU_LOGW << "Default render target"
+    //                << utils::io::endl;
+    // } else {
+    //     FWGPU_LOGW << "Non Default render target"
+    //                << utils::io::endl;
+    // }
+    wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor renderPassDescriptor2;
+    wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment depthStencilAttachment{
+        .view = mSwapChain->getDepthTextureView(),
+        .depthLoadOp = WGPURenderTarget::getLoadOperation(params, TargetBufferFlags::DEPTH),
+        .depthStoreOp = WGPURenderTarget::getStoreOperation(params, TargetBufferFlags::DEPTH),
+        .depthClearValue = static_cast<float>(params.clearDepth),
+        .depthReadOnly = (params.readOnlyDepthStencil & RenderPassParams::READONLY_DEPTH) > 0,
+        .stencilLoadOp = WGPURenderTarget::getLoadOperation(params, TargetBufferFlags::STENCIL),
+        .stencilStoreOp = WGPURenderTarget::getStoreOperation(params, TargetBufferFlags::STENCIL),
+        .stencilClearValue = params.clearStencil,
+        .stencilReadOnly = (params.readOnlyDepthStencil & RenderPassParams::READONLY_STENCIL) > 0
+    };
+    renderTarget->setUpRenderPassAttachments(renderPassDescriptor2, mTextureView, params);
+    renderPassDescriptor2.depthStencilAttachment = &depthStencilAttachment;
     // TODO: Remove this code once WebGPU pipeline is implemented
     static float red = 1.0f;
     if (red - 0.01 > 0) {
@@ -786,7 +825,7 @@ void WebGPUDriver::beginRenderPass(Handle<HwRenderTarget> rth, const RenderPassP
         .timestampWrites = nullptr,
     };
 
-    mRenderPassEncoder = mCommandEncoder.BeginRenderPass(&renderPassDescriptor);
+    mRenderPassEncoder = mCommandEncoder.BeginRenderPass(&renderPassDescriptor2);
     mRenderPassEncoder.SetViewport(params.viewport.left, params.viewport.bottom,
             params.viewport.width, params.viewport.height, params.depthRange.near, params.depthRange.far);
 }
@@ -877,6 +916,14 @@ void WebGPUDriver::blit(
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::bindPipeline(PipelineState const& pipelineState) {
+    // TODO Investigate implications of this hash more closely. Vulkan has a whole class
+    // VulkanPipelineCache to handle this, may be missing nuance
+    static auto pipleineStateHasher = utils::hash::MurmurHashFn<filament::backend::PipelineState>();
+    auto hash = pipleineStateHasher(pipelineState);
+    if(mPipelineMap.find(hash) != mPipelineMap.end()){
+        mRenderPassEncoder.SetPipeline(mPipelineMap[hash]);
+        return;
+    }
     const auto* program = handleCast<WGPUProgram>(pipelineState.program);
     assert_invariant(program);
     assert_invariant(program->computeShaderModule == nullptr &&
@@ -913,8 +960,8 @@ void WebGPUDriver::bindPipeline(PipelineState const& pipelineState) {
             *vertexBufferInfo, layout, pipelineState.rasterState, pipelineState.stencilState,
             pipelineState.polygonOffset, pipelineState.primitiveType, mSwapChain->getColorFormat(),
             mSwapChain->getDepthFormat());
-    // TODO: uncomment once we have a valid pipeline to set
-    // mRenderPassEncoder.SetPipeline(pipeline);
+    mPipelineMap[hash] = pipeline;
+    mRenderPassEncoder.SetPipeline(pipeline);
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::bindRenderPrimitive(Handle<HwRenderPrimitive> rph) {
@@ -934,10 +981,18 @@ void WebGPUDriver::bindRenderPrimitive(Handle<HwRenderPrimitive> rph) {
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::draw2(uint32_t indexOffset, uint32_t indexCount, uint32_t instanceCount) {
+    // Calling DrawIndexed with "firstInstance = 0" results in a NON spinning triangle
+    //    mRenderPassEncoder.DrawIndexed(indexCount, instanceCount, indexOffset, 0, 0);
+    // Calling DrawIndexed with "firstInstance = 1" results in a spinning triangle
+    mRenderPassEncoder.DrawIndexed(indexCount, instanceCount, indexOffset, 0, 1);
+    // Calling Draw with "firstInstance = 0" results in a NON spinning triangle
+    // Calling Draw with "firstInstance = 1" results in a spinning triangle
+    //    mRenderPassEncoder.Draw(indexCount, instanceCount, 0, 1);
 }
 
-void WebGPUDriver::draw(PipelineState pipelineState, Handle<HwRenderPrimitive> rph,
-        uint32_t indexOffset, uint32_t indexCount, uint32_t instanceCount) {
+void WebGPUDriver::draw(PipelineState, Handle<HwRenderPrimitive>, uint32_t indexOffset,
+        uint32_t indexCount, uint32_t instanceCount) {
+    draw2(indexOffset, indexCount, instanceCount);
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::dispatchCompute(Handle<HwProgram> program, math::uint3 workGroupCount) {
@@ -973,34 +1028,156 @@ void WebGPUDriver::updateDescriptorSetBuffer(Handle<HwDescriptorSet> dsh,
 
 void WebGPUDriver::updateDescriptorSetTexture(Handle<HwDescriptorSet> dsh,
         backend::descriptor_binding_t binding, Handle<HwTexture> th, SamplerParams params) {
-    /*
     auto bindGroup = handleCast<WebGPUDescriptorSet>(dsh);
     auto texture = handleCast<WGPUTexture>(th);
 
-    // TODO very high odds badd assumptions are in here about handling HwTexture. Revisit with more
-    // understanding. Right now assuming there is a wgpu::TextureView filled in
     if (!bindGroup->getIsLocked()) {
+        // Dawn will cache duplicate samplers, so we don't strictly need to maintain a cache.
+        //  Making a cache might save us minor perf by reducing param translation
+        auto sampler = makeSampler(params);
         // TODO making assumptions that size and offset mean the same thing here.
         wgpu::BindGroupEntry tEntry{ .binding = static_cast<uint32_t>(binding * 2),
-            .textureView = texture->texView };
+            .textureView = texture->getTexView() };
         bindGroup->addEntry(tEntry.binding, std::move(tEntry));
 
         wgpu::BindGroupEntry sEntry{ .binding = static_cast<uint32_t>(binding * 2 + 1),
-            .sampler = texture->sampler };
+            .sampler = sampler };
         bindGroup->addEntry(sEntry.binding, std::move(sEntry));
     }
-    //TODO Just the setup, this function stilll needs the rest of logic implemented
-     */
 }
 
-void WebGPUDriver::bindDescriptorSet(Handle<HwDescriptorSet> dsh, backend::descriptor_set_t set,
-        backend::DescriptorSetOffsetArray&& offsets) {
-    auto bindGroup = handleCast<WebGPUDescriptorSet>(dsh);
-    // TODO: presume we need this, use it. Probably Encoder::SetBindGroup
-    auto wbg = bindGroup->lockAndReturn(mDevice);
+void WebGPUDriver::bindDescriptorSet(Handle<HwDescriptorSet> dsh,
+        backend::descriptor_set_t setIndex, backend::DescriptorSetOffsetArray&& offsets) {
+    const auto bindGroup = handleCast<WebGPUDescriptorSet>(dsh);
+    const auto wbg = bindGroup->lockAndReturn(mDevice);
+    assert_invariant(mRenderPassEncoder);
+    // TODO is this how we should be getting the dynamic offsets?
+    //      should we add offsets for unused entries or is the input already have them?
+    //      this implementation assumes unused entries are not provided, and adds dummy values.
+    //      The count also includes unused entities, as not doing so produces errors
+    const size_t dynamicOffsetCount = bindGroup->countEntitiesWithDynamicOffsets();
+    uint32_t const* const dynamicOffsetsWithUnused = bindGroup->setDynamicOffsets(offsets.data());
+    mRenderPassEncoder.SetBindGroup(setIndex, wbg, dynamicOffsetCount, dynamicOffsetsWithUnused);
 }
 
 void WebGPUDriver::setDebugTag(HandleBase::HandleId handleId, utils::CString tag) {
 }
+wgpu::Sampler WebGPUDriver::makeSampler(SamplerParams const& params) {
+    wgpu::SamplerDescriptor desc;
+
+    desc.label = "TODO";
+    desc.addressModeU = fWrapModeToWAddressMode(params.wrapS);
+    desc.addressModeV = fWrapModeToWAddressMode(params.wrapR);
+    desc.addressModeW = fWrapModeToWAddressMode(params.wrapT);
+    switch (params.filterMag) {
+        case SamplerMagFilter::NEAREST: {
+            desc.magFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerMagFilter::LINEAR: {
+            desc.magFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Linear;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    switch (params.filterMin) {
+        case SamplerMinFilter::NEAREST: {
+            desc.minFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest;
+            // Metal Driver uses an explicit not-mipmapped value webgpu lacks. Nearest should
+            // suffice
+            desc.mipmapFilter = wgpu::MipmapFilterMode::Nearest;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR: {
+            desc.minFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Linear;
+            // Metal Driver uses an explicit not-mipmapped value webgpu lacks. Nearest should
+            // suffice
+
+            desc.mipmapFilter = wgpu::MipmapFilterMode::Nearest;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerMinFilter::NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST: {
+            desc.minFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest;
+            desc.mipmapFilter = wgpu::MipmapFilterMode::Nearest;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST: {
+            desc.minFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Linear;
+            desc.mipmapFilter = wgpu::MipmapFilterMode::Nearest;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerMinFilter::NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR: {
+            desc.minFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest;
+            desc.mipmapFilter = wgpu::MipmapFilterMode::Linear;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerMinFilter::LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR: {
+            desc.minFilter = wgpu::FilterMode::Linear;
+            desc.mipmapFilter = wgpu::MipmapFilterMode::Linear;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    switch (params.compareFunc) {
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::LE: {
+            desc.compare = wgpu::CompareFunction::LessEqual;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::GE: {
+            desc.compare = wgpu::CompareFunction::GreaterEqual;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::L: {
+            desc.compare = wgpu::CompareFunction::Less;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::G: {
+            desc.compare = wgpu::CompareFunction::Greater;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::E: {
+            desc.compare = wgpu::CompareFunction::Equal;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::NE: {
+            desc.compare = wgpu::CompareFunction::NotEqual;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::A: {
+            desc.compare = wgpu::CompareFunction::Always;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::N: {
+            desc.compare = wgpu::CompareFunction::Never;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    desc.maxAnisotropy = 1u << params.anisotropyLog2;
+
+
+    // Unused: Filament's compareMode, WGPU lodMinClamp/lodMaxClamp
+
+    //TODO Once we can properly map to descriptorsetlayout use the sampler.
+    return mDevice.CreateSampler(/*&desc*/);
+}
+wgpu::AddressMode WebGPUDriver::fWrapModeToWAddressMode(const SamplerWrapMode& fWrapMode) {
+    switch (fWrapMode) {
+        case SamplerWrapMode::CLAMP_TO_EDGE: {
+            return wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerWrapMode::REPEAT: {
+            return wgpu::AddressMode::Repeat;
+            break;
+        }
+        case SamplerWrapMode::MIRRORED_REPEAT: {
+            return wgpu::AddressMode::MirrorRepeat;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return wgpu::AddressMode::Undefined;
+}
+
 
 } // namespace filament

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUDriver.h

@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ private:
     explicit WebGPUDriver(WebGPUPlatform& platform, const Platform::DriverConfig& driverConfig) noexcept;
     [[nodiscard]] ShaderModel getShaderModel() const noexcept final;
     [[nodiscard]] ShaderLanguage getShaderLanguage() const noexcept final;
-
+    [[nodiscard]] wgpu::Sampler makeSampler(SamplerParams const& params);
+    [[nodiscard]] static wgpu::AddressMode fWrapModeToWAddressMode(const filament::backend::SamplerWrapMode& fUsage);
     template<typename GPUBufferObject>
     void updateGPUBuffer(GPUBufferObject* gpuBufferObject, BufferDescriptor&& bufferDescriptor,
             uint32_t byteOffset) {
@@ -92,6 +93,8 @@ private:
     wgpu::RenderPassEncoder mRenderPassEncoder = nullptr;
     wgpu::CommandBuffer mCommandBuffer = nullptr;
     WGPURenderTarget* mDefaultRenderTarget = nullptr;
+
+    tsl::robin_map<uint32_t, wgpu::RenderPipeline> mPipelineMap;
     /*
      * Driver interface
      */

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUHandles.cpp

@@ -16,7 +16,17 @@
 
 #include "WebGPUHandles.h"
 
+#include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
+
+#include <utils/BitmaskEnum.h>
+#include <utils/Panic.h>
+
+#include <webgpu/webgpu_cpp.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace {
 constexpr wgpu::BufferUsage getBufferObjectUsage(
@@ -110,6 +120,44 @@ wgpu::VertexFormat getVertexFormat(filament::backend::ElementType type, bool nor
     }
 }
 
+wgpu::StringView getUserTextureLabel(filament::backend::SamplerType target) {
+    // TODO will be helpful to get more useful info than this
+    using filament::backend::SamplerType;
+    switch (target) {
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D:
+            return "a_2D_user_texture";
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D_ARRAY:
+            return "a_2D_array_user_texture";
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_CUBEMAP:
+            return "a_cube_map_user_texture";
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL:
+            return "an_external_user_texture";
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_3D:
+            return "a_3D_user_texture";
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_CUBEMAP_ARRAY:
+            return "a_cube_mape_array_user_texture";
+    }
+}
+
+wgpu::StringView getUserTextureViewLabel(filament::backend::SamplerType target) {
+    // TODO will be helpful to get more useful info than this
+    using filament::backend::SamplerType;
+    switch (target) {
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D:
+            return "a_2D_user_texture_view";
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D_ARRAY:
+            return "a_2D_array_user_texture_view";
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_CUBEMAP:
+            return "a_cube_map_user_texture_view";
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL:
+            return "an_external_user_texture_view";
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_3D:
+            return "a_3D_user_texture_view";
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_CUBEMAP_ARRAY:
+            return "a_cube_mape_array_user_texture_view";
+    }
+}
+
 }// namespace
 
 namespace filament::backend {
@@ -137,7 +185,7 @@ WGPUVertexBufferInfo::WGPUVertexBufferInfo(uint8_t bufferCount, uint8_t attribut
         mAttributes[attrib.buffer].push_back({
             .format = vertexFormat,
             .offset = attrib.offset,
-            .shaderLocation = static_cast<uint32_t>(mAttributes[attrib.buffer].size()),
+            .shaderLocation = attribIndex,
         });
 
         mVertexBufferLayout[attrib.buffer].stepMode = wgpu::VertexStepMode::Vertex;
@@ -192,11 +240,20 @@ WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout(DescriptorSetLayout const&
         wgpu::Device const& device) {
     assert_invariant(device);
 
+    std::string baseLabel;
+    if (std::holds_alternative<utils::StaticString>(layout.label)) {
+        const auto& temp = std::get_if<utils::StaticString>(&layout.label);
+        baseLabel = temp->c_str();
+    } else if (std::holds_alternative<utils::CString>(layout.label)) {
+        const auto& temp = std::get_if<utils::CString>(&layout.label);
+        baseLabel = temp->c_str();
+    }
+
     // TODO: layoutDescriptor has a "Label". Ideally we can get info on what this layout is for
     // debugging. For now, hack an incrementing value.
     static int layoutNum = 0;
 
-    uint samplerCount =
+    unsigned int samplerCount =
             std::count_if(layout.bindings.begin(), layout.bindings.end(), [](auto& fEntry) {
                 return fEntry.type == DescriptorType::SAMPLER ||
                        fEntry.type == DescriptorType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL;
@@ -205,86 +262,204 @@ WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout(DescriptorSetLayout const&
 
     std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry> wEntries;
     wEntries.reserve(layout.bindings.size() + samplerCount);
+    mBindGroupEntries.reserve(wEntries.capacity());
 
     for (auto fEntry: layout.bindings) {
         auto& wEntry = wEntries.emplace_back();
+        auto& entryInfo = mBindGroupEntries.emplace_back();
         wEntry.visibility = filamentStageToWGPUStage(fEntry.stageFlags);
         wEntry.binding = fEntry.binding * 2;
+        entryInfo.binding = wEntry.binding;
 
         switch (fEntry.type) {
-            // TODO Metal treats these the same. Is this fine?
             case DescriptorType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL:
             case DescriptorType::SAMPLER: {
-                // Sampler binding is 2n+1 due to split.
                 auto& samplerEntry = wEntries.emplace_back();
+                auto& samplerEntryInfo = mBindGroupEntries.emplace_back();
                 samplerEntry.binding = fEntry.binding * 2 + 1;
+                samplerEntryInfo.binding = samplerEntry.binding;
+                samplerEntryInfo.type = WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::BindGroupEntryType::SAMPLER;
                 samplerEntry.visibility = wEntry.visibility;
                 // We are simply hoping that undefined and defaults suffices here.
-                samplerEntry.sampler.type = wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Undefined;
-                wEntry.texture.sampleType = wgpu::TextureSampleType::Undefined;
+                samplerEntry.sampler.type = wgpu::SamplerBindingType::NonFiltering; // Example default
+                wEntry.texture.sampleType = wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float;      // Example default
+                // TODO: FIX! THIS IS HACK FOR HELLO-TRIANGLE!
+                if (baseLabel.find("Skybox") != std::string::npos ||
+                        (baseLabel == "Filament Default Material_perView" && wEntry.binding == 22)) {
+                    wEntry.texture.viewDimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::Cube;
+                } else {
+                    wEntry.texture.viewDimension =
+                            wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D;// Example default
+                }
+                entryInfo.type = WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::BindGroupEntryType::TEXTURE_VIEW;
                 break;
             }
             case DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER: {
                 wEntry.buffer.hasDynamicOffset =
                         any(fEntry.flags & DescriptorFlags::DYNAMIC_OFFSET);
+                entryInfo.hasDynamicOffset = wEntry.buffer.hasDynamicOffset;
                 wEntry.buffer.type = wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform;
                 // TODO: Ideally we fill minBindingSize
                 break;
             }
 
             case DescriptorType::INPUT_ATTACHMENT: {
-                // TODO: support INPUT_ATTACHMENT. Metal does not currently.
                 PANIC_POSTCONDITION("Input Attachment is not supported");
                 break;
             }
-
             case DescriptorType::SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER: {
-                // TODO: Vulkan does not support this, can we?
                 PANIC_POSTCONDITION("Shader storage is not supported");
                 break;
             }
         }
-
-        // Currently flags are only used to specify dynamic offset.
-
-        // UNUSED
-        // fEntry.count
+        // fEntry.count is unused currently
     }
-
+    std::string label =  "layout_" + baseLabel + std::to_string(++layoutNum) ;
     wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor layoutDescriptor{
-        // TODO: layoutDescriptor has a "Label". Ideally we can get info on what this layout is for
-        // debugging. For now, hack an incrementing value.
-        .label{ "layout_" + std::to_string(++layoutNum) },
+        .label{label.c_str()}, // Use .c_str() if label needs to be const char*
         .entryCount = wEntries.size(),
         .entries = wEntries.data()
     };
-    // TODO Do we need to defer this until we have more info on textures and samplers??
-    mLayoutSize = wEntries.size();
     mLayout = device.CreateBindGroupLayout(&layoutDescriptor);
 }
 
 WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::~WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout() {}
 
-WebGPUDescriptorSet::WebGPUDescriptorSet(const wgpu::BindGroupLayout& layout, uint layoutSize)
-    : mLayout(layout),
-      entries(layoutSize, wgpu::BindGroupEntry{}) {
-    // Establish the size of entries based on the layout. This should be reliable and efficient.
+wgpu::Buffer WebGPUDescriptorSet::sDummyUniformBuffer = nullptr;
+wgpu::Texture WebGPUDescriptorSet::sDummyTexture = nullptr;
+wgpu::TextureView WebGPUDescriptorSet::sDummyTextureView = nullptr;
+wgpu::Sampler WebGPUDescriptorSet::sDummySampler = nullptr;
+
+void WebGPUDescriptorSet::initializeDummyResourcesIfNotAlready(wgpu::Device const& device,
+        wgpu::TextureFormat aColorFormat) {
+    if (!sDummyUniformBuffer) {
+        wgpu::BufferDescriptor bufferDescriptor{
+            .label = "dummy_uniform_not_to_be_used",
+            .usage = wgpu::BufferUsage::Uniform,
+            .size = 4
+        };
+        sDummyUniformBuffer = device.CreateBuffer(&bufferDescriptor);
+        FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(sDummyUniformBuffer)
+                << "Failed to create dummy uniform buffer?";
+    }
+    if (!sDummyTexture || !sDummyTextureView) {
+        wgpu::TextureDescriptor textureDescriptor{
+            .label = "dummy_texture_not_to_be_used",
+            .usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding,
+            .dimension = wgpu::TextureDimension::e2D,
+            .size = wgpu::Extent3D{ .width = 4, .height = 4, .depthOrArrayLayers = 1 },
+            .format = aColorFormat,
+        };
+        if (!sDummyTexture) {
+            sDummyTexture = device.CreateTexture(&textureDescriptor);
+            FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(sDummyUniformBuffer) << "Failed to create dummy texture?";
+        }
+        if (!sDummyTextureView) {
+            wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor textureViewDescriptor{
+                .label = "dummy_texture_view_not_to_be_used"
+            };
+            sDummyTextureView = sDummyTexture.CreateView(&textureViewDescriptor);
+            FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(sDummyUniformBuffer)
+                    << "Failed to create dummy texture view?";
+        }
+    }
+    if (!sDummySampler) {
+        wgpu::SamplerDescriptor samplerDescriptor{
+            .label = "dummy_sampler_not_to_be_used"
+        };
+        sDummySampler = device.CreateSampler(&samplerDescriptor);
+        FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(sDummyUniformBuffer) << "Failed to create dummy sampler?";
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> WebGPUDescriptorSet::createDummyEntriesSortedByBinding(
+        std::vector<filament::backend::WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::BindGroupEntryInfo> const&
+                bindGroupEntries) {
+    assert_invariant(WebGPUDescriptorSet::sDummyUniformBuffer &&
+                     "Dummy uniform buffer must have been created before "
+                     "creating dummy bind group entries.");
+    assert_invariant(
+            WebGPUDescriptorSet::sDummyTexture &&
+            "Dummy texture must have been created before creating dummy bind group entries.");
+    assert_invariant(
+            WebGPUDescriptorSet::sDummyTextureView &&
+            "Dummy texture view must have been created before creating dummy bind group entries.");
+    assert_invariant(
+            WebGPUDescriptorSet::sDummySampler &&
+            "Dummy sampler must have been created before creating dummy bind group entries.");
+    using filament::backend::WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout;
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries;
+    entries.reserve(bindGroupEntries.size());
+    for (auto const& entryInfo: bindGroupEntries) {
+        auto& entry = entries.emplace_back();
+        entry.binding = entryInfo.binding;
+        switch (entryInfo.type) {
+            case WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::BindGroupEntryType::UNIFORM_BUFFER:
+                entry.buffer = WebGPUDescriptorSet::sDummyUniformBuffer;
+                break;
+            case WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::BindGroupEntryType::TEXTURE_VIEW:
+                entry.textureView = WebGPUDescriptorSet::sDummyTextureView;
+                break;
+            case WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::BindGroupEntryType::SAMPLER:
+                entry.sampler = WebGPUDescriptorSet::sDummySampler;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    std::sort(entries.begin(), entries.end(),
+            [](wgpu::BindGroupEntry const& a, wgpu::BindGroupEntry const& b) {
+                return a.binding < b.binding;
+            });
+    return entries;
+}
+
+WebGPUDescriptorSet::WebGPUDescriptorSet(wgpu::BindGroupLayout const& layout,
+        std::vector<WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::BindGroupEntryInfo> const& bindGroupEntries)
+    : mLayout(layout),
+      mEntriesSortedByBinding(createDummyEntriesSortedByBinding(bindGroupEntries)) {
+    // Establish the size of entries based on the layout. This should be reliable and efficient.
+    assert_invariant(INVALID_INDEX > mEntryIndexByBinding.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mEntryIndexByBinding.size(); i++) {
+        mEntryIndexByBinding[i] = INVALID_INDEX;
+    }
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < mEntriesSortedByBinding.size(); index++) {
+        wgpu::BindGroupEntry const& entry = mEntriesSortedByBinding[index];
+        assert_invariant(entry.binding < mEntryIndexByBinding.size());
+        mEntryIndexByBinding[entry.binding] = static_cast<uint8_t>(index);
+    }
+    for (auto const& entry : bindGroupEntries) {
+        if (entry.hasDynamicOffset) {
+            assert_invariant(entry.binding < mEntriesByBindingWithDynamicOffsets.size());
+            mEntriesByBindingWithDynamicOffsets[entry.binding] = true;
+        }
+    }
+    mDynamicOffsets.reserve(mEntriesSortedByBinding.size());
+}
+
+WebGPUDescriptorSet::~WebGPUDescriptorSet() {
+    mBindGroup = nullptr;
+    mLayout = nullptr;
 }
-WebGPUDescriptorSet::~WebGPUDescriptorSet() {}
 
 wgpu::BindGroup WebGPUDescriptorSet::lockAndReturn(const wgpu::Device& device) {
     if (mBindGroup) {
         return mBindGroup;
     }
     // TODO label? Should we just copy layout label?
-    wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor desc{ .layout = mLayout,
-        .entryCount = entries.size(),
-        .entries = entries.data() };
+    wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor desc{
+        .layout = mLayout,
+        .entryCount = mEntriesSortedByBinding.size(),
+        .entries = mEntriesSortedByBinding.data()
+    };
     mBindGroup = device.CreateBindGroup(&desc);
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(mBindGroup) << "Failed to create bind group?";
+    // once we have created the bind group itself we should no longer need any other state
+    mLayout = nullptr;
+    mEntriesSortedByBinding.clear();
+    mEntriesSortedByBinding.shrink_to_fit();
     return mBindGroup;
 }
 
-void WebGPUDescriptorSet::addEntry(uint index, wgpu::BindGroupEntry&& entry) {
+void WebGPUDescriptorSet::addEntry(unsigned int index, wgpu::BindGroupEntry&& entry) {
     if (mBindGroup) {
         // We will keep getting hits from future updates, but shouldn't do anything
         // Filament guarantees this won't change after things have locked.
@@ -292,6 +467,523 @@ void WebGPUDescriptorSet::addEntry(uint index, wgpu::BindGroupEntry&& entry) {
     }
     // TODO: Putting some level of trust that Filament is not going to reuse indexes or go past the
     // layout index for efficiency. Add guards if wrong.
-    entries[index] = std::move(entry);
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(index < mEntryIndexByBinding.size())
+            << "impossible/invalid index for a descriptor/binding (our of range or >= "
+               "MAX_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT) "
+            << index;
+    uint8_t entryIndex = mEntryIndexByBinding[index];
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(
+            entryIndex != INVALID_INDEX && entryIndex < mEntriesSortedByBinding.size())
+            << "Invalid binding " << index;
+    entry.binding = index;
+    mEntriesSortedByBinding[entryIndex] = std::move(entry);
+    mEntriesByBindingAdded[index] = true;
 }
+
+uint32_t const* WebGPUDescriptorSet::setDynamicOffsets(uint32_t const* offsets) {
+    // mDynamicOffsets already reserves enough memory for the number of entries in the set
+    mDynamicOffsets.clear();
+    // this implementation copies the offsets to mDynamicOffsets, but also adds values for
+    // unused entries TODO: is this necessary?
+    size_t inputIndex = 0;
+    size_t outputIndex = 0;
+    for (auto const& entry : mEntriesSortedByBinding) {
+        if (mEntriesByBindingWithDynamicOffsets[entry.binding]) {
+            if (mEntriesByBindingAdded[entry.binding]) {
+                mDynamicOffsets[outputIndex++] = offsets[inputIndex++];
+            } else {
+                mDynamicOffsets[outputIndex++] = 0; // dummy offset, as it was never added
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return mDynamicOffsets.data();
+}
+
+size_t WebGPUDescriptorSet::countEntitiesWithDynamicOffsets() const {
+    return mEntriesByBindingWithDynamicOffsets.count();
+}
+
+WGPUTexture::WGPUTexture(SamplerType target, uint8_t levels, TextureFormat format, uint8_t samples,
+        uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t depth, TextureUsage usage,
+        wgpu::Device const& device) noexcept {
+    assert_invariant(
+            samples == 1 ||
+            samples == 4 &&
+                    "An invalid number of samples were requested, as WGPU requires the sample "
+                    "count to either be 1 (no multisampling) or 4, at least as of April 2025 of "
+                    "the spec. See https://www.w3.org/TR/webgpu/#texture-creation or "
+                    "https://gpuweb.github.io/gpuweb/#multisample-state");
+    // First, the texture aspect, starting with the defaults/basic configuration
+    mUsage = fToWGPUTextureUsage(usage);
+    mFormat = fToWGPUTextureFormat(format);
+    mAspect = fToWGPUTextureViewAspect(usage, format);
+    wgpu::TextureDescriptor textureDescriptor{
+        .label = getUserTextureLabel(target),
+        .usage = mUsage,
+        .dimension = target == SamplerType::SAMPLER_3D ? wgpu::TextureDimension::e3D
+                                                       : wgpu::TextureDimension::e2D,
+        .size = { .width = width, .height = height, .depthOrArrayLayers = depth },
+        .format = mFormat,
+        .mipLevelCount = levels,
+        .sampleCount = samples,
+        // TODO Is this fine? Could do all-the-things, a naive mapping or get something from
+        // Filament
+        .viewFormatCount = 0,
+        .viewFormats = nullptr,
+    };
+    // adjust for specific cases
+    switch (target) {
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D:
+            mArrayLayerCount = 1;
+            break;
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D_ARRAY:
+            mArrayLayerCount = textureDescriptor.size.depthOrArrayLayers;
+            break;
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_CUBEMAP:
+            textureDescriptor.size.depthOrArrayLayers = 6;
+            mArrayLayerCount = textureDescriptor.size.depthOrArrayLayers;
+            break;
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL:
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_3D:
+            mArrayLayerCount = 1;
+            break;
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_CUBEMAP_ARRAY:
+            textureDescriptor.size.depthOrArrayLayers = depth * 6;
+            mArrayLayerCount = textureDescriptor.size.depthOrArrayLayers;
+            break;
+    }
+    assert_invariant(textureDescriptor.format != wgpu::TextureFormat::Undefined &&
+                     "Could not find appropriate WebGPU format");
+    mTexture = device.CreateTexture(&textureDescriptor);
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(mTexture)
+            << "Failed to create texture for " << textureDescriptor.label;
+    // Second, the texture view aspect
+    mTexView = makeTextureView(0, levels, target);
+}
+
+WGPUTexture::WGPUTexture(WGPUTexture* src, uint8_t baseLevel, uint8_t levelCount) noexcept {
+    mTexture = src->mTexture;
+    mTexView = makeTextureView(baseLevel, levelCount, target);
+}
+
+wgpu::TextureUsage WGPUTexture::fToWGPUTextureUsage(TextureUsage const& fUsage) {
+    wgpu::TextureUsage retUsage = wgpu::TextureUsage::None;
+
+    // Basing this mapping off of VulkanTexture.cpp's getUsage func and suggestions from Gemini
+    // TODO Validate assumptions, revisit if issues.
+    if (any(TextureUsage::BLIT_SRC & fUsage)) {
+        retUsage |= wgpu::TextureUsage::CopySrc;
+    }
+    if (any((TextureUsage::BLIT_DST | TextureUsage::UPLOADABLE) & fUsage)) {
+        retUsage |= wgpu::TextureUsage::CopyDst;
+    }
+    if (any(TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE & fUsage)) {
+        retUsage |= wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding;
+    }
+    // WGPU Render attachment covers either color or stencil situation dependant
+    // NOTE: Depth attachment isn't used this way in Vulkan but logically maps to WGPU docs. If
+    // issues, investigate here.
+    if (any((TextureUsage::COLOR_ATTACHMENT | TextureUsage::STENCIL_ATTACHMENT |
+                    TextureUsage::DEPTH_ATTACHMENT) &
+                fUsage)) {
+        retUsage |= wgpu::TextureUsage::RenderAttachment;
+    }
+
+    // This is from Vulkan logic- if there are any issues try disabling this first, allows perf
+    // benefit though
+    const bool useTransientAttachment =
+            // Usage consists of attachment flags only.
+            none(fUsage & ~TextureUsage::ALL_ATTACHMENTS) &&
+            // Usage contains at least one attachment flag.
+            any(fUsage & TextureUsage::ALL_ATTACHMENTS) &&
+            // Depth resolve cannot use transient attachment because it uses a custom shader.
+            // TODO: see VulkanDriver::isDepthStencilResolveSupported() to know when to remove this
+            // restriction.
+            // Note that the custom shader does not resolve stencil. We do need to move to vk 1.2
+            // and above to be able to support stencil resolve (along with depth).
+            !(any(fUsage & TextureUsage::DEPTH_ATTACHMENT) && samples > 1);
+    if (useTransientAttachment) {
+        retUsage |= wgpu::TextureUsage::TransientAttachment;
+    }
+    // NOTE: Unused wgpu flags:
+    //  StorageBinding
+    //  StorageAttachment
+
+    // NOTE: Unused Filament flags:
+    //  SUBPASS_INPUT VK goes to input attachment which we don't support right now
+    //  PROTECTED
+    return retUsage;
+}
+
+wgpu::TextureFormat WGPUTexture::fToWGPUTextureFormat(TextureFormat const& fFormat) {
+    switch (fFormat) {
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::R8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::R8Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::R8_SNORM:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::R8Snorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::R8UI:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::R8Uint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::R8I:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::R8Sint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::STENCIL8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::Stencil8;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::R16F:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::R16Float;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::R16UI:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::R16Uint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::R16I:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::R16Sint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RG8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RG8Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RG8_SNORM:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RG8Snorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RG8UI:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RG8Uint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RG8I:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RG8Sint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::R32F:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::R32Float;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::R32UI:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::R32Uint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::R32I:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::R32Sint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RG16F:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RG16Float;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RG16UI:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RG16Uint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RG16I:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RG16Sint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_A8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA8_SNORM:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Snorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA8UI:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Uint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA8I:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Sint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::DEPTH16:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth16Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::DEPTH24:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth24Plus;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::DEPTH32F:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::DEPTH24_STENCIL8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth24PlusStencil8;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::DEPTH32F_STENCIL8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32FloatStencil8;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RG32F:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RG32Float;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RG32UI:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RG32Uint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RG32I:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RG32Sint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA16F:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA16Float;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA16UI:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA16Uint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA16I:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA16Sint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA32F:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA32Float;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA32UI:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA32Uint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA32I:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA32Sint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::EAC_R11:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::EACR11Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::EAC_R11_SIGNED:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::EACR11Snorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::EAC_RG11:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::EACRG11Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::EAC_RG11_SIGNED:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::EACRG11Snorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::ETC2_RGB8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ETC2RGB8Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::ETC2_SRGB8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ETC2RGB8UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::ETC2_RGB8_A1:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ETC2RGB8A1Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::ETC2_SRGB8_A1:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ETC2RGB8A1UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::ETC2_EAC_RGBA8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ETC2RGBA8Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::ETC2_EAC_SRGBA8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ETC2RGBA8UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_4x4:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC4x4Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_4x4:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC4x4UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_5x4:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC5x4Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_5x4:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC5x4UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_5x5:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC5x5Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_5x5:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC5x5UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_6x5:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC6x5Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_6x5:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC6x5UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_6x6:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC6x6Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_6x6:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC6x6UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_8x5:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC8x5Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_8x5:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC8x5UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_8x6:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC8x6Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_8x6:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC8x6UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_8x8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC8x8Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_8x8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC8x8UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_10x5:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC10x5Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_10x5:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC10x5UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_10x6:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC10x6Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_10x6:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC10x6UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_10x8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC10x8Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_10x8:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC10x8UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_10x10:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC10x10Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_10x10:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC10x10UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_12x10:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC12x10Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_12x10:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC12x10UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_ASTC_12x12:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC12x12Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8_ALPHA8_ASTC_12x12:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::ASTC12x12UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RED_RGTC1:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC4RUnorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SIGNED_RED_RGTC1:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC4RSnorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RED_GREEN_RGTC2:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC5RGUnorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SIGNED_RED_GREEN_RGTC2:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC5RGSnorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB_BPTC_UNSIGNED_FLOAT:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC6HRGBUfloat;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB_BPTC_SIGNED_FLOAT:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC6HRGBFloat;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA_BPTC_UNORM:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC7RGBAUnorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB_ALPHA_BPTC_UNORM:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC7RGBAUnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB565:
+            // No direct mapping in wgpu. Could potentially map to RGBA8Unorm
+            // and discard the alpha and lower precision.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::Undefined;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB9_E5:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGB9E5Ufloat;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB5_A1:
+            // No direct mapping in wgpu. Could potentially map to RGBA8Unorm
+            // and handle the packing/unpacking in shaders.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::Undefined;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGBA4:
+            // No direct mapping in wgpu. Could potentially map to RGBA8Unorm
+            // and handle the packing/unpacking in shaders.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::Undefined;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB8:
+            // No direct sRGB equivalent in wgpu without alpha.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::SRGB8:
+            // No direct sRGB equivalent in wgpu without alpha.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8UnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB8_SNORM:
+            // No direct mapping in wgpu without alpha.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Snorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB8UI:
+            // No direct mapping in wgpu without alpha.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Uint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB8I:
+            // No direct mapping in wgpu without alpha.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA8Sint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::R11F_G11F_B10F:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RG11B10Ufloat;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::UNUSED:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::Undefined;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB10_A2:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGB10A2Unorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB16F:
+            // No direct mapping in wgpu without alpha.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA16Float;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB16UI:
+            // No direct mapping in wgpu without alpha.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA16Uint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB16I:
+            // No direct mapping in wgpu without alpha.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA16Sint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB32F:
+            // No direct mapping in wgpu without alpha.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA32Float;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB32UI:
+            // No direct mapping in wgpu without alpha.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA32Uint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::RGB32I:
+            // No direct mapping in wgpu without alpha.
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::RGBA32Sint;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::DXT1_RGB:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC1RGBAUnorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::DXT1_RGBA:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC1RGBAUnorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::DXT3_RGBA:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC2RGBAUnorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::DXT5_RGBA:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC3RGBAUnorm;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::DXT1_SRGB:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC1RGBAUnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::DXT1_SRGBA:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC1RGBAUnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::DXT3_SRGBA:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC2RGBAUnormSrgb;
+        case filament::backend::TextureFormat::DXT5_SRGBA:
+            return wgpu::TextureFormat::BC3RGBAUnormSrgb;
+    }
+}
+
+wgpu::TextureAspect WGPUTexture::fToWGPUTextureViewAspect(TextureUsage const& fUsage,
+        TextureFormat const& fFormat) {
+
+    const bool isDepth = any(fUsage & TextureUsage::DEPTH_ATTACHMENT);
+    const bool isStencil = any(fUsage & TextureUsage::STENCIL_ATTACHMENT);
+    const bool isColor = any(fUsage & TextureUsage::COLOR_ATTACHMENT);
+    const bool isSample = (fUsage == TextureUsage::SAMPLEABLE);
+
+    if (isDepth && !isColor && !isStencil) {
+        return wgpu::TextureAspect::DepthOnly;
+    }
+
+    if (isStencil && !isColor && !isDepth) {
+        return wgpu::TextureAspect::StencilOnly;
+    }
+
+    if (fFormat == filament::backend::TextureFormat::DEPTH32F ||
+            fFormat == filament::backend::TextureFormat::DEPTH24 ||
+            fFormat == filament::backend::TextureFormat::DEPTH16) {
+        return wgpu::TextureAspect::DepthOnly;
+    }
+
+    if (fFormat == filament::backend::TextureFormat::STENCIL8) {
+        return wgpu::TextureAspect::StencilOnly;
+    }
+
+    if (fFormat == filament::backend::TextureFormat::DEPTH24_STENCIL8 ||
+            fFormat == filament::backend::TextureFormat::DEPTH32F_STENCIL8) {
+        if (isSample) {
+            return wgpu::TextureAspect::DepthOnly;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return wgpu::TextureAspect::All;
+}
+
+wgpu::TextureView WGPUTexture::makeTextureView(const uint8_t& baseLevel, const uint8_t& levelCount,
+        SamplerType target) {
+
+    wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor textureViewDescriptor{
+        .label = getUserTextureViewLabel(target),
+        .format = mFormat,
+        .baseMipLevel = baseLevel,
+        .mipLevelCount = levelCount,
+        // TODO: check if this baseArrayLayer assumption is correct
+        .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+        .arrayLayerCount = mArrayLayerCount,
+        .aspect = mAspect,
+        .usage = mUsage
+    };
+
+    switch (target) {
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D:
+            textureViewDescriptor.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D;
+            break;
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_2D_ARRAY:
+            textureViewDescriptor.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2DArray;
+            break;
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_CUBEMAP:
+            textureViewDescriptor.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::Cube;
+            break;
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL:
+            textureViewDescriptor.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D;
+            break;
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_3D:
+            textureViewDescriptor.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e3D;
+            break;
+        case SamplerType::SAMPLER_CUBEMAP_ARRAY:
+            textureViewDescriptor.dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::CubeArray;
+            break;
+    }
+    wgpu::TextureView textureView = mTexture.CreateView(&textureViewDescriptor);
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(textureView)
+            << "Failed to create texture view " << textureViewDescriptor.label;
+    return textureView;
+}
+
+WGPURenderTarget::Attachment WGPURenderTarget::getDrawColorAttachment(size_t index) {
+    assert_invariant( index < MRT::MAX_SUPPORTED_RENDER_TARGET_COUNT);
+    auto result = color[index];
+    if (index == 0 && defaultRenderTarget) {
+
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+wgpu::LoadOp WGPURenderTarget::getLoadOperation(RenderPassParams const& params,
+                                             TargetBufferFlags buffer) {
+    auto clearFlags = params.flags.clear;
+    auto discardStartFlags = params.flags.discardStart;
+    if (any(clearFlags & buffer)) {
+        return wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
+    } else if (any(discardStartFlags & buffer)) {
+        return wgpu::LoadOp::Clear;
+    }
+    return wgpu::LoadOp::Load;
+}
+
+wgpu::StoreOp WGPURenderTarget::getStoreOperation(RenderPassParams const& params,
+                                               TargetBufferFlags buffer) {
+    const auto discardEndFlags = params.flags.discardEnd;
+    if (any(discardEndFlags & buffer)) {
+        return wgpu::StoreOp::Discard;
+    }
+    return wgpu::StoreOp::Store;
+}
+void WGPURenderTarget::setUpRenderPassAttachments(wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor& descriptor,
+        wgpu::TextureView const& textureView, RenderPassParams const& params) {
+    // auto discardFlags = params.flags.discardEnd;
+    // (void) discardFlags;
+    // std::vector<wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment> colorAttachments;
+    colorAttachments.clear();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 1/*MRT::MAX_SUPPORTED_RENDER_TARGET_COUNT*/; i++) {
+        // auto attachment = getDrawColorAttachment(i);
+        // if (attachment) {
+            wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment colorAttachment;
+            colorAttachment.view = textureView;
+            colorAttachment.loadOp  = getLoadOperation(params, getTargetBufferFlagsAt(i));
+            colorAttachment.storeOp = getStoreOperation(params, getTargetBufferFlagsAt(i));
+            colorAttachment.clearValue = { params.clearColor.r, params.clearColor.g, params.clearColor.b, params.clearColor.a };
+            colorAttachments.emplace_back(colorAttachment);
+        // }
+    }
+    descriptor.colorAttachments = colorAttachments.data();
+    descriptor.colorAttachmentCount = colorAttachments.size();
+    descriptor.depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
+    descriptor.timestampWrites = nullptr;
+}
+
+
 }// namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUHandles.h

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 
 #include <webgpu/webgpu_cpp.h>
 
+#include <array>
+#include <bitset>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -72,8 +74,8 @@ public:
 
 private:
     // TODO: can we do better in terms on heap management.
-    std::vector<wgpu::VertexBufferLayout> mVertexBufferLayout {};
-    std::vector<std::vector<wgpu::VertexAttribute>> mAttributes {};
+    std::vector<wgpu::VertexBufferLayout> mVertexBufferLayout{};
+    std::vector<std::vector<wgpu::VertexAttribute>> mAttributes{};
 };
 
 struct WGPUVertexBuffer : public HwVertexBuffer {
@@ -98,80 +100,128 @@ struct WGPUBufferObject : HwBufferObject {
     wgpu::Buffer buffer = nullptr;
     const BufferObjectBinding bufferObjectBinding;
 };
+
 class WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout final : public HwDescriptorSetLayout {
 public:
+
+    enum class BindGroupEntryType : uint8_t {
+        UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+        TEXTURE_VIEW,
+        SAMPLER
+    };
+
+    struct BindGroupEntryInfo final {
+        uint8_t binding = 0;
+        BindGroupEntryType type = BindGroupEntryType::UNIFORM_BUFFER;
+        bool hasDynamicOffset = false;
+    };
+
     WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout(DescriptorSetLayout const& layout, wgpu::Device const& device);
     ~WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout();
     [[nodiscard]] const wgpu::BindGroupLayout& getLayout() const { return mLayout; }
-    [[nodiscard]] uint getLayoutSize() const { return mLayoutSize; }
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<BindGroupEntryInfo> const& getBindGroupEntries() const {
+        return mBindGroupEntries;
+    }
 
 private:
     // TODO: If this is useful elsewhere, remove it from this class
     // Convert Filament Shader Stage Flags bitmask to webgpu equivilant
     static wgpu::ShaderStage filamentStageToWGPUStage(ShaderStageFlags fFlags);
-    uint mLayoutSize;
+    std::vector<BindGroupEntryInfo> mBindGroupEntries;
     wgpu::BindGroupLayout mLayout;
 };
 
 class WebGPUDescriptorSet final : public HwDescriptorSet {
 public:
-    WebGPUDescriptorSet(const wgpu::BindGroupLayout& layout, uint layoutSize);
+    static void initializeDummyResourcesIfNotAlready(wgpu::Device const&,
+            wgpu::TextureFormat aColorFormat);
+
+    WebGPUDescriptorSet(wgpu::BindGroupLayout const& layout,
+            std::vector<WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::BindGroupEntryInfo> const& bindGroupEntries);
     ~WebGPUDescriptorSet();
 
-    wgpu::BindGroup lockAndReturn(wgpu::Device const& device);
-    void addEntry(uint index, wgpu::BindGroupEntry&& entry);
+    wgpu::BindGroup lockAndReturn(wgpu::Device const&);
+    void addEntry(unsigned int index, wgpu::BindGroupEntry&& entry);
+    [[nodiscard]] uint32_t const* setDynamicOffsets(uint32_t const* offsets);
     [[nodiscard]] bool getIsLocked() const { return mBindGroup != nullptr; }
+    [[nodiscard]] size_t countEntitiesWithDynamicOffsets() const;
 
 private:
+    static wgpu::Buffer sDummyUniformBuffer;
+    static wgpu::Texture sDummyTexture;
+    static wgpu::TextureView sDummyTextureView;
+    static wgpu::Sampler sDummySampler;
+
+    static std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> createDummyEntriesSortedByBinding(
+            std::vector<filament::backend::WebGPUDescriptorSetLayout::BindGroupEntryInfo> const&);
+
     // TODO: Consider storing what we used to make the layout. However we need to essentially
     // Recreate some of the info (Sampler in slot X with the actual sampler) so letting Dawn confirm
     // there isn't a mismatch may be easiest.
     // Also storing the wgpu ObjectBase takes care of ownership challenges in theory
-    wgpu::BindGroupLayout mLayout;
-    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> entries;
-    wgpu::BindGroup mBindGroup;
+    wgpu::BindGroupLayout mLayout = nullptr;
+    static constexpr uint8_t INVALID_INDEX = MAX_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT + 1;
+    std::array<uint8_t, MAX_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT> mEntryIndexByBinding{};
+    std::vector<wgpu::BindGroupEntry> mEntriesSortedByBinding;
+    std::bitset<MAX_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT> mEntriesByBindingWithDynamicOffsets{};
+    std::bitset<MAX_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT> mEntriesByBindingAdded{};
+    std::vector<uint32_t> mDynamicOffsets;
+    wgpu::BindGroup mBindGroup = nullptr;
 };
 
-// TODO: Currently WGPUTexture is not used by WebGPU for useful task.
-// Update the struct when used by WebGPU driver.
-struct WGPUTexture : public HwTexture {
+class WGPUTexture : public HwTexture {
+public:
     WGPUTexture(SamplerType target, uint8_t levels, TextureFormat format, uint8_t samples,
-            uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t depth, TextureUsage usage) noexcept;
+            uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t depth, TextureUsage usage,
+            wgpu::Device const& device) noexcept;
 
-    // constructors for creating texture views
-    WGPUTexture(WGPUTexture const* src, uint8_t baseLevel, uint8_t levelCount) noexcept;
+    WGPUTexture(WGPUTexture* src, uint8_t baseLevel, uint8_t levelCount) noexcept;
 
-    wgpu::Texture texture = nullptr;
-    // TODO: Adding this but not yet setting it up. Filament "Textures" are combined image samplers,
-    // rep both.
-    wgpu::Sampler sampler = nullptr;
-    //TODO: Not sure all the ways HwTexture is used. Overloading like this might be entirely wrong.
-    wgpu::TextureView texView = nullptr;
+    [[nodiscard]] const wgpu::Texture& getTexture() const { return mTexture; }
+    [[nodiscard]] const wgpu::TextureView& getTexView() const { return mTexView; }
+
+    static wgpu::TextureFormat fToWGPUTextureFormat(
+            filament::backend::TextureFormat const& fFormat);
+    static wgpu::TextureAspect fToWGPUTextureViewAspect(
+            filament::backend::TextureUsage const& fUsage,
+            filament::backend::TextureFormat const& fFormat);
+
+private:
+    wgpu::TextureView makeTextureView(const uint8_t& baseLevel, const uint8_t& levelCount,
+            SamplerType target);
+    // CreateTextureR has info for a texture and sampler. Texture Views are needed for binding,
+    // along with a sampler Current plan: Inherit the sampler and Texture to always exist (It is a
+    // ref counted pointer) when making views. View is optional
+    wgpu::Texture mTexture = nullptr;
+    wgpu::TextureUsage mUsage = wgpu::TextureUsage::None;
+    wgpu::TextureFormat mFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Undefined;
+    wgpu::TextureAspect mAspect = wgpu::TextureAspect::Undefined;
+    uint32_t mArrayLayerCount = 1;
+    wgpu::TextureView mTexView = nullptr;
+    wgpu::TextureUsage fToWGPUTextureUsage(filament::backend::TextureUsage const& fUsage);
 };
 
 struct WGPURenderPrimitive : public HwRenderPrimitive {
-    WGPURenderPrimitive() {}
-
-    void setBuffers(WGPUVertexBufferInfo const* const vbi,
-            WGPUVertexBuffer* vertexBuffer, WGPUIndexBuffer* indexBuffer);
 
     WGPUVertexBuffer* vertexBuffer = nullptr;
     WGPUIndexBuffer* indexBuffer = nullptr;
 };
 
-// TODO: Currently WGPURenderTarget is not used by WebGPU for useful task.
-// Update the struct when used by WebGPU driver.
-struct WGPURenderTarget : public HwRenderTarget {
+class WGPURenderTarget : public HwRenderTarget {
+public:
     class Attachment {
     public:
-        friend struct WGPURenderTarget;
+        friend class WGPURenderTarget;
 
         Attachment() = default;
         Attachment(WGPUTexture* gpuTexture, uint8_t level = 0, uint16_t layer = 0)
             : level(level),
               layer(layer),
-              texture(gpuTexture->texture),
+              texture(gpuTexture->getTexture()),
               mWGPUTexture(gpuTexture) {}
+        operator bool() const {
+            return mWGPUTexture != nullptr;
+        }
 
         uint8_t level = 0;
         uint16_t layer = 0;
@@ -187,8 +237,8 @@ struct WGPURenderTarget : public HwRenderTarget {
         : HwRenderTarget(0, 0),
           defaultRenderTarget(true) {}
 
-    void setUpRenderPassAttachments(wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor* descriptor,
-            const RenderPassParams& params);
+    void setUpRenderPassAttachments(wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor& descriptor,
+            wgpu::TextureView const& textureView, RenderPassParams const& params);
 
     math::uint2 getAttachmentSize() noexcept;
 
@@ -198,15 +248,15 @@ struct WGPURenderTarget : public HwRenderTarget {
     Attachment getDrawColorAttachment(size_t index);
     Attachment getReadColorAttachment(size_t index);
 
+    static wgpu::LoadOp getLoadOperation(const RenderPassParams& params, TargetBufferFlags buffer);
+    static wgpu::StoreOp getStoreOperation(const RenderPassParams& params, TargetBufferFlags buffer);
 private:
-    static wgpu::LoadOp getLoadAction(const RenderPassParams& params, TargetBufferFlags buffer);
-    static wgpu::LoadOp getStoreAction(const RenderPassParams& params, TargetBufferFlags buffer);
-
     bool defaultRenderTarget = false;
     uint8_t samples = 1;
 
     Attachment color[MRT::MAX_SUPPORTED_RENDER_TARGET_COUNT] = {};
     math::uint2 attachmentSize = {};
+    std::vector<wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment> colorAttachments{};
 };
 
 }// namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUPipelineCreation.cpp

@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ wgpu::RenderPipeline createWebGPURenderPipeline(wgpu::Device const& device,
         fragmentState.constantCount = program.constants.size(),
         fragmentState.constants = program.constants.data(),
         fragmentState.targetCount = 1; // TODO need to get this from the render target
+        fragmentState.targets = colorTargets.data();
         assert_invariant(fragmentState.targetCount <= MRT::MAX_SUPPORTED_RENDER_TARGET_COUNT);
         for (size_t targetIndex = 0; targetIndex < fragmentState.targetCount; targetIndex++) {
             auto& colorTarget = colorTargets[targetIndex];

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUSwapChain.cpp

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ void printSurfaceConfiguration(wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration const& config,
 }
 #endif
 
-constexpr wgpu::TextureFormat selectColorFormat(size_t availableFormatsCount,
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr wgpu::TextureFormat selectColorFormat(size_t availableFormatsCount,
         wgpu::TextureFormat const* availableFormats, bool useSRGBColorSpace) {
     const std::array expectedColorFormats =
             useSRGBColorSpace ?
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ constexpr wgpu::TextureFormat selectColorFormat(size_t availableFormatsCount,
     return *firstFoundColorFormat;
 }
 
-constexpr wgpu::TextureFormat selectDepthFormat(bool depth32FloatStencil8Enabled,
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr wgpu::TextureFormat selectDepthFormat(bool depth32FloatStencil8Enabled,
         bool needStencil) {
     if (needStencil) {
         if (depth32FloatStencil8Enabled) {
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ constexpr wgpu::TextureFormat selectDepthFormat(bool depth32FloatStencil8Enabled
     }
 }
 
-constexpr wgpu::PresentMode selectPresentMode(size_t availablePresentModesCount,
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr wgpu::PresentMode selectPresentMode(size_t availablePresentModesCount,
         wgpu::PresentMode const* availablePresentModes) {
     // Verify that our chosen present mode is supported. In practice all devices support the FIFO
     // mode, but we check for it anyway for completeness.  (and to avoid validation warnings)
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ constexpr wgpu::PresentMode selectPresentMode(size_t availablePresentModesCount,
     return desiredPresentMode;
 }
 
-constexpr wgpu::CompositeAlphaMode selectAlphaMode(size_t availableAlphaModesCount,
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr wgpu::CompositeAlphaMode selectAlphaMode(size_t availableAlphaModesCount,
         wgpu::CompositeAlphaMode const* availableAlphaModes) {
     bool autoAvailable = false;
     bool inheritAvailable = false;
@@ -222,13 +222,58 @@ void initConfig(wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration& config, wgpu::Device const& device,
     config.alphaMode = selectAlphaMode(capabilities.alphaModeCount, capabilities.alphaModes);
 }
 
+[[nodiscard]] wgpu::Texture createDepthTexture(wgpu::Device const& device,
+        wgpu::Extent2D const& extent, wgpu::TextureFormat depthFormat) {
+    wgpu::TextureDescriptor descriptor{ .label = "depth_texture",
+        .usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding | wgpu::TextureUsage::RenderAttachment,
+        .dimension = wgpu::TextureDimension::e2D,
+        .size = { .width = extent.width, .height = extent.height, .depthOrArrayLayers = 1 },
+        .format = depthFormat,
+        .mipLevelCount = 1,
+        .sampleCount = 1,
+        .viewFormatCount = 1,
+        .viewFormats = &depthFormat
+    };
+    wgpu::Texture depthTexture = device.CreateTexture(&descriptor);
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(depthTexture) << "Failed to create depth texture with width "
+                                               << extent.width << " and height " << extent.height;
+    return depthTexture;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] wgpu::TextureView createDepthTextureView(wgpu::Texture const& depthTexture,
+        wgpu::TextureFormat depthFormat, bool needStencil) {
+    wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor descriptor{
+        .label = "depth_texture_view",
+        .format = depthFormat,
+        .dimension = wgpu::TextureViewDimension::e2D,
+        .baseMipLevel = 0,
+        .mipLevelCount = 1,
+        .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+        .arrayLayerCount = 1,
+        .aspect = wgpu::TextureAspect::DepthOnly,
+        .usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding | wgpu::TextureUsage::RenderAttachment
+    };
+    if (needStencil) {
+        descriptor.aspect = wgpu::TextureAspect::All;
+    }
+    wgpu::TextureView depthTextureView = depthTexture.CreateView(&descriptor);
+    FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(depthTextureView) << "Failed to create depth texture view";
+    return depthTextureView;
+}
+
 }// namespace
 
 namespace filament::backend {
 
 WebGPUSwapChain::WebGPUSwapChain(wgpu::Surface&& surface, wgpu::Extent2D const& surfaceSize,
         wgpu::Adapter const& adapter, wgpu::Device const& device, uint64_t flags)
-    : mSurface(surface) {
+    : mDevice(device),
+      mSurface(surface),
+      mNeedStencil((flags & SWAP_CHAIN_HAS_STENCIL_BUFFER) != 0),
+      mDepthFormat(selectDepthFormat(device.HasFeature(wgpu::FeatureName::Depth32FloatStencil8),
+              mNeedStencil)),
+      mDepthTexture(createDepthTexture(device, surfaceSize, mDepthFormat)),
+      mDepthTextureView(createDepthTextureView(mDepthTexture, mDepthFormat, mNeedStencil)) {
     wgpu::SurfaceCapabilities capabilities = {};
     if (!mSurface.GetCapabilities(adapter, &capabilities)) {
         FWGPU_LOGW << "Failed to get WebGPU surface capabilities" << utils::io::endl;
@@ -238,19 +283,14 @@ WebGPUSwapChain::WebGPUSwapChain(wgpu::Surface&& surface, wgpu::Extent2D const&
 #endif
     }
     const bool useSRGBColorSpace = (flags & SWAP_CHAIN_CONFIG_SRGB_COLORSPACE) != 0;
-    const bool needStencil = (flags & SWAP_CHAIN_HAS_STENCIL_BUFFER) != 0;
     initConfig(mConfig, device, capabilities, surfaceSize, useSRGBColorSpace);
-    mDepthFormat = selectDepthFormat(device.HasFeature(wgpu::FeatureName::Depth32FloatStencil8),
-            needStencil);
 #if FWGPU_ENABLED(FWGPU_PRINT_SYSTEM)
     printSurfaceConfiguration(mConfig, mDepthFormat);
 #endif
     mSurface.Configure(&mConfig);
 }
 
-WebGPUSwapChain::~WebGPUSwapChain() {
-    mSurface.Unconfigure();
-}
+WebGPUSwapChain::~WebGPUSwapChain() { mSurface.Unconfigure(); }
 
 void WebGPUSwapChain::setExtent(wgpu::Extent2D const& currentSurfaceSize) {
     FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(currentSurfaceSize.width > 0 || currentSurfaceSize.height > 0)
@@ -267,6 +307,8 @@ void WebGPUSwapChain::setExtent(wgpu::Extent2D const& currentSurfaceSize) {
         // TODO we may need to ensure no surface texture is in flight when we do this. some
         //      synchronization may be necessary
         mSurface.Configure(&mConfig);
+        mDepthTexture = createDepthTexture(mDevice, currentSurfaceSize, mDepthFormat);
+        mDepthTextureView = createDepthTextureView(mDepthTexture, mDepthFormat, mNeedStencil);
     }
 }
 

filament/backend/src/webgpu/WebGPUSwapChain.h

@@ -38,14 +38,20 @@ public:
 
     [[nodiscard]] wgpu::TextureView getCurrentSurfaceTextureView(wgpu::Extent2D const&);
 
+    [[nodiscard]] wgpu::TextureView getDepthTextureView() const { return mDepthTextureView; }
+
     void present();
 
 private:
     void setExtent(wgpu::Extent2D const&);
 
+    wgpu::Device mDevice = nullptr;
     wgpu::Surface mSurface = {};
     wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration mConfig = {};
+    bool mNeedStencil = false;
     wgpu::TextureFormat mDepthFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Undefined;
+    wgpu::Texture mDepthTexture = nullptr;
+    wgpu::TextureView mDepthTextureView = nullptr;
 };
 
 } // namespace filament::backend

filament/backend/src/webgpu/platform/WebGPUPlatform.cpp

@@ -99,22 +99,45 @@ wgpu::Adapter WebGPUPlatform::requestAdapter(wgpu::Surface const& surface) {
 
 wgpu::Device WebGPUPlatform::requestDevice(wgpu::Adapter const& adapter) {
     // TODO consider passing limits
-    constexpr std::array desiredFeatures = {
-        wgpu::FeatureName::DepthClipControl,
-        wgpu::FeatureName::Depth32FloatStencil8,
-        wgpu::FeatureName::CoreFeaturesAndLimits };
-    std::vector<wgpu::FeatureName> requiredFeatures;
-    requiredFeatures.reserve(desiredFeatures.size());
+    constexpr std::array optionalFeatures = { wgpu::FeatureName::DepthClipControl,
+        wgpu::FeatureName::Depth32FloatStencil8, wgpu::FeatureName::CoreFeaturesAndLimits };
+
+    constexpr std::array requiredFeatures = { wgpu::FeatureName::TransientAttachments };
+
     wgpu::SupportedFeatures supportedFeatures;
     adapter.GetFeatures(&supportedFeatures);
+
+    std::vector<wgpu::FeatureName> enabledFeatures;
+    enabledFeatures.reserve(requiredFeatures.size() + optionalFeatures.size());
+
     std::set_intersection(supportedFeatures.features,
-            supportedFeatures.features + supportedFeatures.featureCount, desiredFeatures.begin(),
-            desiredFeatures.end(), std::back_inserter(requiredFeatures));
+            supportedFeatures.features + supportedFeatures.featureCount, requiredFeatures.begin(),
+            requiredFeatures.end(), std::back_inserter(enabledFeatures));
+
+    if (enabledFeatures.size() != requiredFeatures.size()) {
+        std::vector<wgpu::FeatureName> missingFeatures;
+        std::set_difference(requiredFeatures.begin(), requiredFeatures.end(),
+                supportedFeatures.features,
+                supportedFeatures.features + supportedFeatures.featureCount,
+                std::back_inserter(missingFeatures));
+
+        std::stringstream missingFeaturesStream{};
+        for (const auto& entry: missingFeatures) {
+            missingFeaturesStream << std::to_string(static_cast<uint32_t>(entry)) << " ";
+        }
+        PANIC_POSTCONDITION("Some required features are not available %s/n",
+                missingFeaturesStream.str().c_str());
+    }
+
+    std::set_intersection(supportedFeatures.features,
+            supportedFeatures.features + supportedFeatures.featureCount, optionalFeatures.begin(),
+            optionalFeatures.end(), std::back_inserter(enabledFeatures));
+
     wgpu::DeviceDescriptor deviceDescriptor{};
     deviceDescriptor.label = "graphics_device";
     deviceDescriptor.defaultQueue.label = "default_queue";
-    deviceDescriptor.requiredFeatureCount = requiredFeatures.size();
-    deviceDescriptor.requiredFeatures = requiredFeatures.data();
+    deviceDescriptor.requiredFeatureCount = enabledFeatures.size();
+    deviceDescriptor.requiredFeatures = enabledFeatures.data();
     deviceDescriptor.SetDeviceLostCallback(wgpu::CallbackMode::AllowSpontaneous,
             [](wgpu::Device const&, wgpu::DeviceLostReason const& reason,
                     wgpu::StringView message) {

filament/backend/test/BackendTest.cpp

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ namespace test {
 Backend BackendTest::sBackend = Backend::NOOP;
 OperatingSystem BackendTest::sOperatingSystem = OperatingSystem::OTHER;
 bool BackendTest::sIsMobilePlatform = false;
+std::vector<std::string> BackendTest::sFailedImages;
 
 void BackendTest::init(Backend backend, OperatingSystem operatingSystem, bool isMobilePlatform) {
     sBackend = backend;
@@ -63,11 +64,12 @@ BackendTest::~BackendTest() {
     flushAndWait();
     mImageExpectations->evaluate();
     // Note: Don't terminate the driver for OpenGL, as it wipes away the context and removes the buffer from the screen.
-    if (sBackend == Backend::OPENGL) {
-        return;
+    if (sBackend != Backend::OPENGL) {
+        driver->terminate();
+        delete driver;
     }
-    driver->terminate();
-    delete driver;
+
+    recordFailedImages();
 }
 
 void BackendTest::initializeDriver() {
@@ -167,8 +169,24 @@ bool BackendTest::matchesEnvironment(OperatingSystem operatingSystem) {
     return sOperatingSystem == operatingSystem;
 }
 
-bool BackendTest::matchesEnvironment(OperatingSystem operatingSystem, Backend backend) {
-    return matchesEnvironment(operatingSystem) && matchesEnvironment(backend);
+void BackendTest::markImageAsFailure(std::string failedImageName) {
+    sFailedImages.emplace_back(std::move(failedImageName));
+}
+
+void BackendTest::recordFailedImages() {
+    if (!sFailedImages.empty()) {
+        std::string failedImages;
+        for (auto& failedTestImageName: sFailedImages) {
+            if (failedImages.empty()) {
+                failedImages = failedTestImageName;
+            } else {
+                failedImages.append(",");
+                failedImages.append(failedTestImageName);
+            }
+        }
+        RecordProperty("FailedImages", failedImages);
+    }
+    sFailedImages.clear();
 }
 
 class Environment : public ::testing::Environment {

filament/backend/test/BackendTest.h

@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@ public:
     static OperatingSystem sOperatingSystem;
     static bool sIsMobilePlatform;
 
+    // Takes the name of the image that wasn't correct, without the .png suffix
+    static void markImageAsFailure(std::string failedImageName);
+
 protected:
 
     BackendTest();
@@ -73,8 +76,13 @@ protected:
 
     static bool matchesEnvironment(Backend backend);
     static bool matchesEnvironment(OperatingSystem operatingSystem);
-    static bool matchesEnvironment(OperatingSystem operatingSystem, Backend backend);
 private:
+    // Adds all the images that failed an ImageExpectation to the XML metadata for the current tests
+    // case. Add --gtest_output=xml as a command line argument to generate a test_detail.xml file in
+    // the directory where the tests are run.
+    static void recordFailedImages();
+
+    static std::vector<std::string> sFailedImages;
 
     filament::backend::Driver* driver = nullptr;
     filament::backend::CommandBufferQueue commandBufferQueue;

filament/backend/test/ImageExpectations.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "utils/Hash.h"
 #include <fstream>
 
+#include "BackendTest.h"
 #include "backend/PixelBufferDescriptor.h"
 #include "private/backend/DriverApi.h"
 
@@ -32,6 +33,8 @@
 
 #endif
 
+namespace test {
+
 ScreenshotParams::ScreenshotParams(int width, int height, std::string fileName,
         uint32_t expectedHash, bool isSrgb)
     : mWidth(width),
@@ -80,6 +83,10 @@ std::string ScreenshotParams::expectedFilePath() const {
     return absl::StrFormat("%s/%s", expectedDirectoryPath(), expectedFileName());
 }
 
+const std::string ScreenshotParams::filePrefix() const {
+    return mFileName;
+}
+
 ImageExpectation::ImageExpectation(const char* fileName, int lineNumber,
         filament::backend::DriverApi& api, ScreenshotParams params,
         filament::backend::RenderTargetHandle renderTarget)
@@ -113,7 +120,11 @@ void ImageExpectation::compareImage() const {
 #ifndef FILAMENT_IOS
         LoadedPng loadedImage(mParams.expectedFilePath());
         uint32_t loadedImageHash = loadedImage.hash();
-        EXPECT_THAT(actualHash, testing::Eq(loadedImageHash)) << mParams.expectedFileName();
+        auto compareToImageMatcher = testing::Eq(loadedImageHash);
+        if (!testing::Matches(compareToImageMatcher)(actualHash)) {
+            BackendTest::markImageAsFailure(mParams.filePrefix());
+        }
+        EXPECT_THAT(actualHash, compareToImageMatcher) << mParams.expectedFileName();
 #endif
         // For builds that can't load PNGs (currently iOS only) use the expected hash.
         EXPECT_THAT(actualHash, testing::Eq(mParams.expectedHash())) << mParams.expectedFileName();
@@ -200,6 +211,10 @@ uint32_t RenderTargetDump::hash() const {
     return mInternal->hash();
 }
 
+const std::vector<unsigned char>& RenderTargetDump::bytes() const {
+    return mInternal->bytes;
+}
+
 bool RenderTargetDump::bytesFilled() const {
     return mInternal->bytesFilled;
 }
@@ -237,3 +252,5 @@ uint32_t LoadedPng::hash() const {
 const std::vector<unsigned char>& LoadedPng::bytes() const {
     return mBytes;
 }
+
+} // namespace test

filament/backend/test/ImageExpectations.h

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ do {                                                                \
         screenshotParams);                                          \
 } while (0)
 
+namespace test {
+
 /**
  * Stores user-provided configuration values for an image expectation
  */
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ public:
     static std::string expectedDirectoryPath();
     std::string expectedFileName() const;
     std::string expectedFilePath() const;
+    const std::string filePrefix() const;
 
 private:
     int mWidth;
@@ -82,6 +85,12 @@ public:
      * @return The hash of the stored bytes.
      */
     uint32_t hash() const;
+    /**
+     * Gets the bytes of the render target. The hash should usually be preferable for comparisons
+     * but this is available for debugging.
+     * @return The stored bytes.
+     */
+    const std::vector<unsigned char>& bytes() const;
     /**
      * Thread safe as this is backed by an atomic.
      * Once this returns true it will never return false.
@@ -153,4 +162,6 @@ private:
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ImageExpectation>> mExpectations;
 };
 
+} // namespace test
+
 #endif //TNT_IMAGE_EXPECTATIONS_H

filament/backend/test/Shader.cpp

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Shader::Shader(DriverApi& api, Cleanup& cleanup, ShaderConfig config) : mCleanup
 
     if (!kLayouts.empty()) {
         mDescriptorSetLayout =
-                cleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSetLayout(DescriptorSetLayout{ kLayouts }));
+                cleanup.add(api.createDescriptorSetLayout(DescriptorSetLayout{ .bindings = kLayouts }));
     }
 }
 

filament/backend/test/ShaderGenerator.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include "ShaderGenerator.h"
 
 #include <GlslangToSpv.h>
-#include <SPVRemapper.h>
 
 #include <spirv_glsl.hpp>
 #include <spirv_msl.hpp>

filament/backend/test/Skip.h

@@ -32,13 +32,24 @@ do {
     }                                                                                          \
 } while (false)
 
+#define NONFATAL_FAIL_IF(skipEnvironment, rationale)                                           \
+do {                                                                                           \
+    SkipEnvironment skip(skipEnvironment);                                                     \
+    if (skip.matches()) {                                                                      \
+        ADD_FAILURE()                                                                          \
+                << "Failing test as the " << skip.describe() << "\n"                           \
+                << " This test has a known failure where "   \
+                << rationale;                                                                  \
+    }                                                                                          \
+} while (false)
+
 #define FAIL_IF(skipEnvironment, rationale)                                                    \
 do {                                                                                           \
     SkipEnvironment skip(skipEnvironment);                                                     \
     if (skip.matches()) {                                                                      \
         GTEST_FAIL()                                                                           \
                 << "Failing test as the " << skip.describe() << "\n"                           \
-                << " This test should be able to succeed but it needs to fail early because"   \
+                << " This test should be able to succeed but it needs to fail early because "  \
                 << rationale;                                                                  \
     }                                                                                          \
 } while (false)

filament/backend/test/move_actual_images_to_expected.py

@@ -1,62 +1,153 @@
-import os, shutil, argparse, typing
-
-def match_sufffix(file_name: str, suffix: str, accepted_prefixes: typing.List[str]) -> str:
-  """
-  Check if the file name is one of the searched for ones with the given suffix and if so return it.
-  :param accepted_prefixes: If None accepts any prefix
-  :return: file_name with the suffix removed or "" if it doesn't match. This does mean a string that
-  is just the suffix is considered to not match as it will return the empty string.
-  """
-  if file_name.endswith(suffix):
-    prefix = file_name.removesuffix(suffix)
-    if accepted_prefixes is None or prefix in accepted_prefixes:
-      return prefix
-  return ""
+import os, shutil, argparse, typing, xml.etree.ElementTree, subprocess, platform
 
 
-def replace_file_names(path: str, removed: str, replacement: str = "", output_path: str = "",
-                       prefixes: typing.List[str] = None):
-  if not output_path:
-    output_path = path
-  for file_name in os.listdir(path=path):
-    prefix = match_sufffix(file_name, removed, prefixes)
-    if prefix:
-      # Remove the prefix from the list so that prefixes is the list of intended but not yet found
-      # files.
-      if prefixes is not None:
-        prefixes.remove(prefix)
-      new_file_name = prefix + replacement
-      new_file_path = os.path.join(output_path, new_file_name)
-      old_file_path = os.path.join(path, file_name)
-      print(f'{old_file_path} to {new_file_path}')
-      shutil.move(old_file_path, new_file_path)
-  if prefixes is not None:
-    for unfound_prefix in prefixes:
-      print(f'Failed to find {unfound_prefix}_actual.png')
+class TestResults(object):
+    ACTUAL_SUFFIX = '_actual.png'
+    EXPECTED_SUFFIX = '.png'
+
+    def __init__(self, results_directory: str, source_expected_directory: str):
+        self.results_directory = results_directory
+        self.actual_directory = os.path.join(self.results_directory, 'images', 'actual_images')
+        self.expected_directory = os.path.join(self.results_directory, 'images', 'expected_images')
+        self.source_expected_directory = source_expected_directory
+
+    def get_latest_failed_images(self) -> typing.List[str]:
+        failed_images = []
+        xml_tree = xml.etree.ElementTree.parse(
+            os.path.join(self.results_directory, 'test_detail.xml'))
+        testsuites = xml_tree.getroot()
+        for testsuite in testsuites.findall('testsuite'):
+            for testcase in testsuite.findall('testcase'):
+                for properties in testcase.findall('properties'):
+                    for property in properties.findall('property'):
+                        if property.get('name') == 'FailedImages':
+                            failed_images.extend(property.get('value').split(','))
+
+        return failed_images
+
+    def handle_failed_image(self, failed_image):
+        self.show_images(failed_image)
+        print(f'Update {failed_image}\'s expected image? y/n')
+        while True:
+            user_input = input()
+            if user_input == 'y':
+                self.move_actual_to_source([failed_image])
+                break
+            elif user_input == 'n':
+                break
+
+    def handle_all_failed_images(self):
+        for failed_image in self.get_latest_failed_images():
+            self.handle_failed_image(failed_image)
+
+    def show_images(self, failed_image):
+        # TODO: Test more on non-mac systems
+        open_command: str
+        os_name = platform.system().lower()
+        if 'windows' in os_name:
+            open_command = 'start'
+        elif 'osx' in os_name or 'darwin' in os_name:
+            open_command = 'open'
+        else:
+            open_command = 'xdg-open'
+
+        subprocess.run(
+            [open_command,
+             os.path.join(self.actual_directory, failed_image + TestResults.ACTUAL_SUFFIX)])
+        subprocess.run(
+            [open_command,
+             os.path.join(self.expected_directory, failed_image + TestResults.EXPECTED_SUFFIX)])
+
+    def move_actual_to_source(self, file_prefixes: typing.List[str]):
+        replace_file_names(path=self.actual_directory, removed=TestResults.ACTUAL_SUFFIX,
+                           replacement=TestResults.EXPECTED_SUFFIX,
+                           output_path=self.source_expected_directory, prefixes=file_prefixes)
+
+    def batch_move(self, prefixes: typing.Optional[typing.List[str]] = None):
+        replace_file_names(path=self.actual_directory, removed=TestResults.ACTUAL_SUFFIX,
+                           replacement=TestResults.EXPECTED_SUFFIX,
+                           output_path=self.source_expected_directory, prefixes=prefixes)
+
+
+def match_suffix(file_name: str, suffix: str, accepted_prefixes: typing.List[str]) -> str:
+    """
+    Check if the file name is one of the searched for ones with the given suffix and if so return
+    it.
+    :param accepted_prefixes: If None accepts any prefix
+    :return: file_name with the suffix removed or "" if it doesn't match. This does mean a string
+    that is just the suffix is considered to not match as it will return the empty string.
+    """
+    if file_name.endswith(suffix):
+        prefix = file_name.removesuffix(suffix)
+        if accepted_prefixes is None or prefix in accepted_prefixes:
+            return prefix
+    return ''
+
+
+def replace_file_names(path: str, removed: str, replacement: str = '', output_path: str = '',
+                       prefixes: typing.Optional[typing.List[str]] = None):
+    if not output_path:
+        output_path = path
+    for file_name in os.listdir(path=path):
+        prefix = match_suffix(file_name, removed, prefixes)
+        if prefix:
+            # Remove the prefix from the list so that prefixes is the list of intended but not yet
+            # found files.
+            if prefixes is not None:
+                prefixes.remove(prefix)
+            new_file_name = prefix + replacement
+            new_file_path = os.path.join(output_path, new_file_name)
+            old_file_path = os.path.join(path, file_name)
+            print(f'{old_file_path} to {new_file_path}')
+            shutil.copyfile(old_file_path, new_file_path)
+    if prefixes is not None:
+        for unfound_prefix in prefixes:
+            print(f'Failed to find {unfound_prefix}_actual.png')
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='Backend Test File Renamer',
-                                   description='Moves actual generated test images to the expected '
-                                               'images directory, to update the test requirements. '
-                                               'test_cases accepts multiple arguments that should '
-                                               'be the name of the expected image file without the '
-                                               '.png suffix. Also --all can be passed to copy all '
-                                               'images.\n'
-                                               'Remember to sync CMake after running this to move '
-                                               'the new expected images to the binary directory.')
-  parser.add_argument('-i', '--input_path')
-  parser.add_argument('-o', '--output_path', default="./expected_images")
-  parser.add_argument('-t', '--test_cases', action='extend', nargs='*')
-  parser.add_argument('-a', '--all', action='store_true')
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='Backend Test File Renamer',
+                                     description='Moves actual generated test images to the '
+                                                 'expected images directory, to update the test '
+                                                 'requirements. test_cases accepts multiple '
+                                                 'arguments that should be the name of the '
+                                                 'expected image file without the .png suffix. '
+                                                 'Also --all can be passed to copy all images.\n'
+                                                 'Remember to sync CMake after running this to '
+                                                 'move the new expected images to the binary '
+                                                 'directory.')
+    parser.add_argument('-r', '--results_path',
+                        help='The path with the generated images directory, which should be where '
+                             'the test binary was run.')
+    parser.add_argument('-s', '--source_expected_path', default="./expected_images",
+                        help='The directory that updated expected images should be written to, '
+                             'which should be the source directory copy.')
+    # The mutually exclusive options for how to process the actual images
+    parser.add_argument('-b', '--batch', action='extend', nargs='*',
+                        help='If true copy all actual images to the source expected image '
+                             'directory.')
+    parser.add_argument('-a', '--all', action='store_true',
+                        help='If true, visually compare all generated images.')
+    parser.add_argument('-t', '--tests', action='store_true',
+                        help='If true use a test_detail.xml file that exists in the results_path '
+                             'directory to visually compare all images that failed a test.')
+    parser.add_argument('-c', '--compare', action='extend', nargs='*',
+                        help='A list of image names to visually compare (without the .png suffix).')
 
-  args = parser.parse_args()
-  input_path = "."
-  if args.input_path:
-    input_path = args.input_path
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    if not args.results_path:
+        raise AssertionError("No result path provided")
+    results_path = args.results_path
 
-  prefixes = args.test_cases
-  if args.all:
-    prefixes = None
+    results = TestResults(results_directory=results_path,
+                          source_expected_directory=args.source_expected_path)
 
-  replace_file_names(path=input_path, output_path=args.output_path, removed="_actual.png",
-                     replacement=".png", prefixes=prefixes)
+    if args.all:
+        results.batch_move()
+    elif args.tests:
+        results.handle_all_failed_images()
+    elif args.compare:
+        for file_prefix in args.compare:
+            results.show_images(file_prefix)
+    else:
+        results.batch_move(args.batch)

filament/backend/test/test_Blit.cpp

@@ -260,6 +260,8 @@ TEST_F(BlitTest, ColorMinify) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(BlitTest, ColorResolve) {
+    NONFATAL_FAIL_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::VULKAN),
+            "Nothing is drawn, see b/417229577");
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
 
     constexpr int kSrcTexWidth = 256;
@@ -490,7 +492,7 @@ TEST_F(BlitTest, BlitRegion) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(BlitTest, BlitRegionToSwapChain) {
-    FAIL_IF(Backend::VULKAN, "Crashes due to not finding color attachment");
+    FAIL_IF(Backend::VULKAN, "Crashes due to not finding color attachment, see b/417481493");
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
     mCleanup.addPostCall([&]() { executeCommands(); });
 

filament/backend/test/test_BufferUpdates.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
 #include "Shader.h"
 #include "SharedShaders.h"
+#include "Skip.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 namespace test {
@@ -159,6 +160,8 @@ TEST_F(BufferUpdatesTest, VertexBufferUpdate) {
 // This test renders two triangles in two separate draw calls. Between the draw calls, a uniform
 // buffer object is partially updated.
 TEST_F(BufferUpdatesTest, BufferObjectUpdateWithOffset) {
+    NONFATAL_FAIL_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::VULKAN),
+            "All values including alpha are written as 0, see b/417254943");
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
     Cleanup cleanup(api);
 

filament/backend/test/test_Callbacks.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ namespace test {
 
 TEST_F(BackendTest, FrameScheduledCallback) {
     SKIP_IF(Backend::OPENGL, "Frame callbacks are unsupported in OpenGL");
+    SKIP_IF(Backend::VULKAN, "Frame callbacks are unsupported in Vulkan, see b/417254479");
 
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
     Cleanup cleanup(api);
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ TEST_F(BackendTest, FrameScheduledCallback) {
 
 TEST_F(BackendTest, FrameCompletedCallback) {
     SKIP_IF(Backend::OPENGL, "Frame callbacks are unsupported in OpenGL");
+    SKIP_IF(Backend::VULKAN, "Frame callbacks are unsupported in Vulkan, see b/417254479");
 
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
     Cleanup cleanup(api);

filament/backend/test/test_FeedbackLoops.cpp

@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@ struct MaterialParams {
 // The problems are caused by both uploading and rendering into the same texture, since the OpenGL
 // backend's readPixels does not work correctly with textures that have image data uploaded.
 TEST_F(BackendTest, FeedbackLoops) {
+    NONFATAL_FAIL_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::VULKAN),
+            "Image is unexpectedly darker, see b/417226296");
     SKIP_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::OPENGL),
             "OpenGL image is upside down due to readPixels failing for texture with uploaded image "
             "data");

filament/backend/test/test_LoadImage.cpp

@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ static SamplerFormat getSamplerFormat(TextureFormat textureFormat) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImage2D) {
-    FAIL_IF(Backend::VULKAN, "Multiple test cases crash");
+    FAIL_IF(Backend::VULKAN, "Multiple test cases crash, see b/417481434");
 
     // All of these test cases should result in the same rendered image, and thus the same hash.
     static const uint32_t expectedHash = 3644679986;
@@ -485,6 +485,9 @@ TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImageMipLevel) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(LoadImageTest, UpdateImage3D) {
+    NONFATAL_FAIL_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::VULKAN),
+            "Checkerboard not drawn, possibly due to using wrong z value of 3d texture, "
+            "see b/417254499");
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
     Cleanup cleanup(api);
     api.startCapture();

filament/backend/test/test_PushConstants.cpp

@@ -81,7 +81,8 @@ void main() {
 
 TEST_F(BackendTest, PushConstants) {
     SKIP_IF(Backend::OPENGL, "Push constants not supported on OpenGL");
-    FAIL_IF(Backend::VULKAN, "Crashing due to no program set when setting push constants");
+    FAIL_IF(Backend::VULKAN,
+            "Crashing due to no program set when setting push constants, see b/417477740");
 
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
 

filament/backend/test/test_ReadPixels.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
 #include "Shader.h"
 #include "SharedShaders.h"
+#include "Skip.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 #include <utils/Hash.h>
@@ -74,6 +75,8 @@ public:
 };
 
 TEST_F(ReadPixelsTest, ReadPixels) {
+    NONFATAL_FAIL_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::VULKAN),
+            "Two cases fail, see b/417255941 and b/417255943");
     // These test scenarios use a known hash of the result pixel buffer to decide pass / fail,
     // asserting an exact pixel-for-pixel match. So far, rendering on macOS and iPhone have had
     // deterministic results. Take this test with a grain of salt, however, as other platform / GPU

filament/backend/test/test_Scissor.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "Lifetimes.h"
 #include "Shader.h"
 #include "SharedShaders.h"
+#include "Skip.h"
 #include "TrianglePrimitive.h"
 
 #include <utils/Hash.h>
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@ using namespace filament;
 using namespace filament::backend;
 
 TEST_F(BackendTest, ScissorViewportRegion) {
+    NONFATAL_FAIL_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::VULKAN),
+            "Affected area in wrong corner, see b/417229118");
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
 
     constexpr int kSrcTexWidth = 1024;

filament/backend/test/test_StencilBuffer.cpp

@@ -117,6 +117,8 @@ public:
 };
 
 TEST_F(BasicStencilBufferTest, StencilBuffer) {
+    SKIP_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::VULKAN),
+            "Stencil not supported, see b/417230776");
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
     Cleanup cleanup(api);
 
@@ -139,6 +141,8 @@ TEST_F(BasicStencilBufferTest, StencilBuffer) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(BasicStencilBufferTest, DepthAndStencilBuffer) {
+    SKIP_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::VULKAN),
+            "Stencil not supported, see b/417230776");
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
     Cleanup cleanup(api);
 
@@ -162,6 +166,8 @@ TEST_F(BasicStencilBufferTest, DepthAndStencilBuffer) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(BasicStencilBufferTest, StencilBufferMSAA) {
+    SKIP_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::VULKAN),
+            "Stencil not supported, see b/417230776");
     SKIP_IF(SkipEnvironment(OperatingSystem::APPLE, Backend::OPENGL), "Stencil isn't applied");
     auto& api = getDriverApi();
     Cleanup cleanup(api);

filament/include/filament/SwapChain.h

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 
 #include <backend/CallbackHandler.h>
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
-#include <backend/PresentCallable.h>
 
 #include <utils/compiler.h>
 #include <utils/Invocable.h>
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ class Engine;
 /**
  * A swap chain represents an Operating System's *native* renderable surface.
  *
- * Typically it's a native window or a view. Because a SwapChain is initialized from a
+ * Typically, it's a native window or a view. Because a SwapChain is initialized from a
  * native object, it is given to filament as a `void *`, which must be of the proper type
  * for each platform filament is running on.
  *
@@ -158,7 +157,7 @@ public:
     /**
      * Requests a SwapChain with an alpha channel.
      */
-    static const uint64_t CONFIG_TRANSPARENT = backend::SWAP_CHAIN_CONFIG_TRANSPARENT;
+    static constexpr uint64_t CONFIG_TRANSPARENT = backend::SWAP_CHAIN_CONFIG_TRANSPARENT;
 
     /**
      * This flag indicates that the swap chain may be used as a source surface
@@ -168,13 +167,13 @@ public:
      * @see
      * Renderer.copyFrame()
      */
-    static const uint64_t CONFIG_READABLE = backend::SWAP_CHAIN_CONFIG_READABLE;
+    static constexpr uint64_t CONFIG_READABLE = backend::SWAP_CHAIN_CONFIG_READABLE;
 
     /**
      * Indicates that the native X11 window is an XCB window rather than an XLIB window.
      * This is ignored on non-Linux platforms and in builds that support only one X11 API.
      */
-    static const uint64_t CONFIG_ENABLE_XCB = backend::SWAP_CHAIN_CONFIG_ENABLE_XCB;
+    static constexpr uint64_t CONFIG_ENABLE_XCB = backend::SWAP_CHAIN_CONFIG_ENABLE_XCB;
 
     /**
      * Indicates that the native window is a CVPixelBufferRef.
@@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ public:
      * Filament. Filament will call CVPixelBufferRetain during Engine::createSwapChain, and
      * CVPixelBufferRelease when the swap chain is destroyed.
      */
-    static const uint64_t CONFIG_APPLE_CVPIXELBUFFER =
+    static constexpr uint64_t CONFIG_APPLE_CVPIXELBUFFER =
             backend::SWAP_CHAIN_CONFIG_APPLE_CVPIXELBUFFER;
 
     /**
@@ -303,6 +302,7 @@ public:
      *
      * @param handler     Handler to dispatch the callback or nullptr for the default handler.
      * @param callback    Callback called when the frame is scheduled.
+     * @param flags
      *
      * @remark Only Filament's Metal backend supports PresentCallables and frame callbacks. Other
      * backends ignore the callback (which will never be called) and proceed normally.
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ public:
             FrameScheduledCallback&& callback = {}, uint64_t flags = 0);
 
     /**
-     * Returns whether or not this SwapChain currently has a FrameScheduledCallback set.
+     * Returns whether this SwapChain currently has a FrameScheduledCallback set.
      *
      * @return true, if the last call to setFrameScheduledCallback set a callback
      *

filament/src/AtlasAllocator.cpp

@@ -16,13 +16,22 @@
 
 #include "AtlasAllocator.h"
 
+#include <utils/compiler.h>
+#include <utils/algorithm.h>
 #include <utils/debug.h>
+#include <utils/QuadTree.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 namespace filament {
 
 using namespace utils;
 
-static inline constexpr std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t> unmorton(uint16_t const m) noexcept {
+static constexpr std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t> unmorton(uint16_t const m) noexcept {
     uint32_t r = (m | (uint32_t(m) << 15u)) & 0x55555555u;
     r = (r | (r >> 1u)) & 0x33333333u;
     r = (r | (r >> 2u)) & 0x0f0f0f0fu;
@@ -165,8 +174,8 @@ AtlasAllocator::NodeId AtlasAllocator::allocateInLayer(size_t const maxHeight) n
             NodeId found{ -1, 0 };
             QuadTree::traverse(candidate.l, candidate.code,
                     [this, n, &found](NodeId const& curr) -> QuadTree::TraversalResult {
-                        size_t const i = index(curr.l, curr.code);
-                        Node& node = mQuadTree[i];
+                        size_t const j = index(curr.l, curr.code);
+                        Node& node = mQuadTree[j];
                         if (curr.l == n) {
                             found = curr;
                             assert_invariant(!node.hasChildren());

filament/src/MaterialParser.cpp

@@ -648,44 +648,32 @@ bool ChunkAttributeInfo::unflatten(Unflattener& unflattener,
 bool ChunkDescriptorBindingsInfo::unflatten(Unflattener& unflattener,
         MaterialParser::DescriptorBindingsContainer* container) {
 
-    uint8_t setCount;
-    if (!unflattener.read(&setCount)) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(DescriptorSetBindingPoints) == sizeof(uint8_t));
+
+    uint8_t descriptorCount;
+    if (!unflattener.read(&descriptorCount)) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    for (size_t j = 0; j < setCount; j++) {
-        static_assert(sizeof(DescriptorSetBindingPoints) == sizeof(uint8_t));
-
-        DescriptorSetBindingPoints set;
-        if (!unflattener.read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&set))) {
+    auto& descriptors = (*container)[+DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_MATERIAL];
+    descriptors.reserve(descriptorCount);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < descriptorCount; i++) {
+        CString name;
+        if (!unflattener.read(&name)) {
             return false;
         }
-
-        uint8_t descriptorCount;
-        if (!unflattener.read(&descriptorCount)) {
+        uint8_t type;
+        if (!unflattener.read(&type)) {
             return false;
         }
-
-        auto& descriptors = (*container)[+set];
-        descriptors.reserve(descriptorCount);
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < descriptorCount; i++) {
-            CString name;
-            if (!unflattener.read(&name)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            uint8_t type;
-            if (!unflattener.read(&type)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            uint8_t binding;
-            if (!unflattener.read(&binding)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            descriptors.push_back({
-                    std::move(name),
-                    DescriptorType(type),
-                    descriptor_binding_t(binding)});
+        uint8_t binding;
+        if (!unflattener.read(&binding)) {
+            return false;
         }
+        descriptors.push_back({
+                std::move(name),
+                DescriptorType(type),
+                descriptor_binding_t(binding)});
     }
 
     return true;
@@ -693,42 +681,40 @@ bool ChunkDescriptorBindingsInfo::unflatten(Unflattener& unflattener,
 
 bool ChunkDescriptorSetLayoutInfo::unflatten(Unflattener& unflattener,
         MaterialParser::DescriptorSetLayoutContainer* container) {
-    for (size_t j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
-        uint8_t descriptorCount;
-        if (!unflattener.read(&descriptorCount)) {
+    uint8_t descriptorCount;
+    if (!unflattener.read(&descriptorCount)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    auto& descriptors = container->bindings;
+    descriptors.reserve(descriptorCount);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < descriptorCount; i++) {
+        uint8_t type;
+        if (!unflattener.read(&type)) {
             return false;
         }
-        auto& descriptors = (*container)[j].bindings;
-        descriptors.reserve(descriptorCount);
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < descriptorCount; i++) {
-            uint8_t type;
-            if (!unflattener.read(&type)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            uint8_t stageFlags;
-            if (!unflattener.read(&stageFlags)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            uint8_t binding;
-            if (!unflattener.read(&binding)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            uint8_t flags;
-            if (!unflattener.read(&flags)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            uint16_t count;
-            if (!unflattener.read(&count)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            descriptors.push_back({
-                    DescriptorType(type),
-                    ShaderStageFlags(stageFlags),
-                    descriptor_binding_t(binding),
-                    DescriptorFlags(flags),
-                    count,
-            });
+        uint8_t stageFlags;
+        if (!unflattener.read(&stageFlags)) {
+            return false;
         }
+        uint8_t binding;
+        if (!unflattener.read(&binding)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        uint8_t flags;
+        if (!unflattener.read(&flags)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        uint16_t count;
+        if (!unflattener.read(&count)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        descriptors.push_back({
+            DescriptorType(type),
+            ShaderStageFlags(stageFlags),
+            descriptor_binding_t(binding),
+            DescriptorFlags(flags),
+            count,
+        });
     }
     return true;
 }

filament/src/MaterialParser.h

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public:
     using DescriptorBindingsContainer = backend::Program::DescriptorSetInfo;
     bool getDescriptorBindings(DescriptorBindingsContainer* container) const noexcept;
 
-    using DescriptorSetLayoutContainer = std::array<backend::DescriptorSetLayout, 2>;
+    using DescriptorSetLayoutContainer = backend::DescriptorSetLayout;
     bool getDescriptorSetLayout(DescriptorSetLayoutContainer* container) const noexcept;
 
     bool getDepthWriteSet(bool* value) const noexcept;

filament/src/details/Material.cpp

@@ -609,9 +609,12 @@ Program FMaterial::getProgramWithVariants(
         program.attributes(mAttributeInfo);
     }
 
-    program.descriptorBindings(0, mProgramDescriptorBindings[0]);
-    program.descriptorBindings(1, mProgramDescriptorBindings[1]);
-    program.descriptorBindings(2, mProgramDescriptorBindings[2]);
+    program.descriptorBindings(+DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_VIEW,
+            mProgramDescriptorBindings[+DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_VIEW]);
+    program.descriptorBindings(+DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_RENDERABLE,
+            mProgramDescriptorBindings[+DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_RENDERABLE]);
+    program.descriptorBindings(+DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_MATERIAL,
+            mProgramDescriptorBindings[+DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_MATERIAL]);
     program.specializationConstants(mSpecializationConstants);
 
     program.pushConstants(ShaderStage::VERTEX, mPushConstants[uint8_t(ShaderStage::VERTEX)]);
@@ -1143,17 +1146,42 @@ void FMaterial::processDescriptorSets(FEngine& engine, MaterialParser const* con
     success = parser->getDescriptorBindings(&mProgramDescriptorBindings);
     assert_invariant(success);
 
-    std::array<backend::DescriptorSetLayout, 2> descriptorSetLayout;
+    backend::DescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;
     success = parser->getDescriptorSetLayout(&descriptorSetLayout);
     assert_invariant(success);
+    auto perMatLabel = mName;
+    perMatLabel.append("_perMat");
+    descriptorSetLayout.label = std::move(perMatLabel);
+
+    // get the PER_VIEW descriptor binding info
+    auto perViewDescriptorSetLayout =
+            descriptor_sets::getPerViewDescriptorSetLayout(mMaterialDomain, mVariantFilterMask,
+            mIsVariantLit || mHasShadowMultiplier, mReflectionMode, mRefractionMode);
+    auto perViewLabel = mName;
+    perViewLabel.append("_perView");
+    perViewDescriptorSetLayout.label = std::move(perViewLabel);
+
+    // get the PER_RENDERABLE and PER_VIEW descriptor binding info
+    for (auto&& [bindingPoint, descriptorSetLayout] : {
+            std::pair{ DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_RENDERABLE,
+                    descriptor_sets::getPerRenderableLayout() },
+            std::pair{ DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_VIEW,
+                    perViewDescriptorSetLayout }}) {
+        Program::DescriptorBindingsInfo& descriptors = mProgramDescriptorBindings[+bindingPoint];
+        descriptors.reserve(descriptorSetLayout.bindings.size());
+        for (auto const& entry: descriptorSetLayout.bindings) {
+            auto const& name = descriptor_sets::getDescriptorName(bindingPoint, entry.binding);
+            descriptors.push_back({ name, entry.type, entry.binding });
+        }
+    }
 
     mDescriptorSetLayout = {
             engine.getDescriptorSetLayoutFactory(),
-            engine.getDriverApi(), std::move(descriptorSetLayout[0]) };
+            engine.getDriverApi(), std::move(descriptorSetLayout) };
 
     mPerViewDescriptorSetLayout = {
             engine.getDescriptorSetLayoutFactory(),
-            engine.getDriverApi(), std::move(descriptorSetLayout[1]) };
+            engine.getDriverApi(), perViewDescriptorSetLayout };
 }
 
 descriptor_binding_t FMaterial::getSamplerBinding(

ios/CocoaPods/Filament.podspec

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 Pod::Spec.new do |spec|
   spec.name = "Filament"
-  spec.version = "1.59.4"
+  spec.version = "1.60.0"
   spec.license = { :type => "Apache 2.0", :file => "LICENSE" }
   spec.homepage = "https://google.github.io/filament"
   spec.authors = "Google LLC."
   spec.summary = "Filament is a real-time physically based rendering engine for Android, iOS, Windows, Linux, macOS, and WASM/WebGL."
   spec.platform = :ios, "11.0"
-  spec.source = { :http => "https://github.com/google/filament/releases/download/v1.59.4/filament-v1.59.4-ios.tgz" }
+  spec.source = { :http => "https://github.com/google/filament/releases/download/v1.60.0/filament-v1.60.0-ios.tgz" }
 
   # Fix linking error with Xcode 12; we do not yet support the simulator on Apple silicon.
   spec.pod_target_xcconfig = {

ios/samples/README.md

@@ -102,7 +102,8 @@ project in Xcode to see changes take effect.
 
 ## Building iOS Samples with ASan / UBSan
 
-1. Turn on ASan / UBSan in Filament's top-level CMakeLists.txt by uncommenting the following line:
+1. Turn on ASan / UBSan in Filament's top-level CMakeLists.txt by passing
+   `-DFILAMENT_ENABLE_ASAN_UBSAN=1` to trigger the following line:
 
 ```
 set(EXTRA_SANITIZE_OPTIONS "-fsanitize=undefined -fsanitize=address")

libs/filabridge/include/filament/MaterialEnums.h

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 namespace filament {
 
 // update this when a new version of filament wouldn't work with older materials
-static constexpr size_t MATERIAL_VERSION = 59;
+static constexpr size_t MATERIAL_VERSION = 60;
 
 /**
  * Supported shading models

libs/filabridge/include/private/filament/DescriptorSets.h

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
 
 #include <private/filament/EngineEnums.h>
+#include <private/filament/Variant.h>
 
 #include <filament/MaterialEnums.h>
 
@@ -39,8 +40,16 @@ backend::DescriptorSetLayout getPerViewDescriptorSetLayout(
         ReflectionMode reflectionMode,
         RefractionMode refractionMode) noexcept;
 
+backend::DescriptorSetLayout getPerViewDescriptorSetLayoutWithVariant(
+        Variant variant,
+        MaterialDomain domain,
+        UserVariantFilterMask variantFilter,
+        bool isLit,
+        ReflectionMode reflectionMode,
+        RefractionMode refractionMode) noexcept;
+
 utils::CString getDescriptorName(
-        filament::DescriptorSetBindingPoints set,
+        DescriptorSetBindingPoints set,
         backend::descriptor_binding_t binding) noexcept;
 
 } // namespace filament::descriptor_sets

libs/filabridge/include/private/filament/SamplerInterfaceBlock.h

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 #include <utils/CString.h>
 #include <utils/FixedCapacityVector.h>
 
+#include <private/filament/DescriptorSets.h>
+
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <string_view>
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ public:
     using Precision = backend::Precision;
     using SamplerParams = backend::SamplerParams;
     using Binding = backend::descriptor_binding_t;
+    using ShaderStageFlags = backend::ShaderStageFlags;
 
     struct SamplerInfo { // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-member-init)
         utils::CString name;        // name of this sampler
@@ -59,6 +62,7 @@ public:
         Format format;              // format of this sampler
         Precision precision;        // precision of this sampler
         bool multisample;           // multisample capable
+        ShaderStageFlags stages;    // stages the sampler can be accessed from
     };
 
     using SamplerInfoList = utils::FixedCapacityVector<SamplerInfo>;
@@ -80,6 +84,8 @@ public:
             Format format;                  // format of this sampler
             Precision precision;            // precision of this sampler
             bool multisample = false;       // multisample capable
+            ShaderStageFlags stages =
+                    ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS; // shader stages using this sampler
         };
 
         // Give a name to this sampler interface block
@@ -89,8 +95,8 @@ public:
 
         // Add a sampler
         Builder& add(std::string_view samplerName, Binding binding, Type type, Format format,
-                Precision precision = Precision::MEDIUM,
-                bool multisample = false) noexcept;
+                Precision precision = Precision::MEDIUM, bool multisample = false,
+                ShaderStageFlags stages = ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS) noexcept;
 
         // Add multiple samplers
         Builder& add(std::initializer_list<ListEntry> list) noexcept;
@@ -128,6 +134,9 @@ public:
 
     static utils::CString generateUniformName(const char* group, const char* sampler) noexcept;
 
+    static SamplerInfoList filterSamplerList(SamplerInfoList list,
+            backend::DescriptorSetLayout const& descriptorSetLayout);
+
 private:
     friend class Builder;
 

libs/filabridge/src/DescriptorSets.cpp

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "private/filament/DescriptorSets.h"
 
 #include <private/filament/EngineEnums.h>
+#include <private/filament/Variant.h>
 
 #include <filament/MaterialEnums.h>
 
@@ -26,34 +27,35 @@
 #include <utils/debug.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <unordered_map>
+#include <initializer_list>
 #include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
 namespace filament::descriptor_sets {
 
 using namespace backend;
 
-static DescriptorSetLayout const postProcessDescriptorSetLayout{{
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<DescriptorSetLayoutBinding> postProcessDescriptorSetLayoutList = {
     { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX | ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::FRAME_UNIFORMS },
-}};
+};
 
-static DescriptorSetLayout const depthVariantDescriptorSetLayout{{
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<DescriptorSetLayoutBinding> depthVariantDescriptorSetLayoutList = {
     { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX | ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::FRAME_UNIFORMS },
-}};
+};
 
 // ssrVariantDescriptorSetLayout must match perViewDescriptorSetLayout's vertex stage. This is
 // because the SSR variant is always using the "standard" vertex shader (i.e. there is no
 // dedicated SSR vertex shader), which uses perViewDescriptorSetLayout.
 // This means that PerViewBindingPoints::SHADOWS must be in the layout even though it's not used
 // by the SSR variant.
-static DescriptorSetLayout const ssrVariantDescriptorSetLayout{{
-   { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX | ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::FRAME_UNIFORMS },
-   { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX | ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::SHADOWS        },
-   { DescriptorType::SAMPLER,                                   ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::STRUCTURE      },
-   { DescriptorType::SAMPLER,                                   ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::SSR            },
-}};
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<DescriptorSetLayoutBinding> ssrVariantDescriptorSetLayoutList = {
+    { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX | ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::FRAME_UNIFORMS },
+    { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX | ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::SHADOWS        },
+    { DescriptorType::SAMPLER,                                   ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::STRUCTURE      },
+    { DescriptorType::SAMPLER,                                   ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::SSR            },
+};
 
-static DescriptorSetLayout perViewDescriptorSetLayout = {{
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<DescriptorSetLayoutBinding> perViewDescriptorSetLayoutList = {
     { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX | ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::FRAME_UNIFORMS },
     { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX | ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::SHADOWS        },
     { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER,                            ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::LIGHTS         },
@@ -66,16 +68,37 @@ static DescriptorSetLayout perViewDescriptorSetLayout = {{
     { DescriptorType::SAMPLER,                                   ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::SSAO           },
     { DescriptorType::SAMPLER,                                   ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::SSR            },
     { DescriptorType::SAMPLER,                                   ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerViewBindingPoints::FOG            },
-}};
+};
 
-static DescriptorSetLayout perRenderableDescriptorSetLayout = {{
+static constexpr std::initializer_list<DescriptorSetLayoutBinding> perRenderableDescriptorSetLayoutList = {
     { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX | ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerRenderableBindingPoints::OBJECT_UNIFORMS, DescriptorFlags::DYNAMIC_OFFSET },
     { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX | ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerRenderableBindingPoints::BONES_UNIFORMS,  DescriptorFlags::DYNAMIC_OFFSET },
     { DescriptorType::UNIFORM_BUFFER, ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX | ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,  +PerRenderableBindingPoints::MORPHING_UNIFORMS         },
     { DescriptorType::SAMPLER,        ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX                             ,  +PerRenderableBindingPoints::MORPH_TARGET_POSITIONS    },
     { DescriptorType::SAMPLER,        ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX                             ,  +PerRenderableBindingPoints::MORPH_TARGET_TANGENTS     },
     { DescriptorType::SAMPLER,        ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX                             ,  +PerRenderableBindingPoints::BONES_INDICES_AND_WEIGHTS },
-}};
+};
+
+// used for post-processing passes
+static DescriptorSetLayout const postProcessDescriptorSetLayout{ utils::StaticString("postProcess"),
+    postProcessDescriptorSetLayoutList };
+
+// used to generate shadow-maps
+static DescriptorSetLayout const depthVariantDescriptorSetLayout{
+    utils::StaticString("depthVariant"), depthVariantDescriptorSetLayoutList
+};
+
+static DescriptorSetLayout const ssrVariantDescriptorSetLayout{ utils::StaticString("ssrVariant"),
+    ssrVariantDescriptorSetLayoutList };
+
+// Used for generating the color pass (i.e. the main pass). This is in fact a template that gets
+// declined into 8 different layouts, based on variants.
+static DescriptorSetLayout perViewDescriptorSetLayout = { utils::StaticString("perView"),
+    perViewDescriptorSetLayoutList };
+
+static DescriptorSetLayout perRenderableDescriptorSetLayout = {
+    utils::StaticString("perRenderable"), perRenderableDescriptorSetLayoutList
+};
 
 DescriptorSetLayout const& getPostProcessLayout() noexcept {
     return postProcessDescriptorSetLayout;
@@ -93,8 +116,8 @@ DescriptorSetLayout const& getPerRenderableLayout() noexcept {
     return perRenderableDescriptorSetLayout;
 }
 
-utils::CString getDescriptorName(DescriptorSetBindingPoints set,
-        descriptor_binding_t binding) noexcept {
+utils::CString getDescriptorName(DescriptorSetBindingPoints const set,
+        descriptor_binding_t const binding) noexcept {
     using namespace std::literals;
 
     static std::unordered_map<descriptor_binding_t, std::string_view> const set0{{
@@ -140,11 +163,11 @@ utils::CString getDescriptorName(DescriptorSetBindingPoints set,
 }
 
 DescriptorSetLayout getPerViewDescriptorSetLayout(
-        MaterialDomain domain,
-        UserVariantFilterMask variantFilter,
-        bool isLit,
-        ReflectionMode reflectionMode,
-        RefractionMode refractionMode) noexcept {
+        MaterialDomain const domain,
+        UserVariantFilterMask const variantFilter,
+        bool const isLit,
+        ReflectionMode const reflectionMode,
+        RefractionMode const refractionMode) noexcept {
 
     bool const ssr = reflectionMode == ReflectionMode::SCREEN_SPACE ||
                      refractionMode == RefractionMode::SCREEN_SPACE;
@@ -187,11 +210,65 @@ DescriptorSetLayout getPerViewDescriptorSetLayout(
             return layout;
         }
         case MaterialDomain::POST_PROCESS:
-            return descriptor_sets::getPostProcessLayout();
+            return postProcessDescriptorSetLayout;
         case MaterialDomain::COMPUTE:
             // TODO: what's the layout for compute?
-            return descriptor_sets::getPostProcessLayout();
+            return postProcessDescriptorSetLayout;
     }
 }
 
+DescriptorSetLayout getPerViewDescriptorSetLayoutWithVariant(
+        Variant const variant,
+        MaterialDomain domain,
+        UserVariantFilterMask const variantFilter,
+        bool const isLit,
+        ReflectionMode const reflectionMode,
+        RefractionMode const refractionMode) noexcept {
+    if (Variant::isValidDepthVariant(variant)) {
+        return depthVariantDescriptorSetLayout;
+    }
+    if (Variant::isSSRVariant(variant)) {
+        return ssrVariantDescriptorSetLayout;
+    }
+    // We need to filter out all the descriptors not included in the "resolved" layout below
+    return getPerViewDescriptorSetLayout(domain, variantFilter,
+            isLit, reflectionMode, refractionMode);
+}
+
+
+
+template<class ITERATOR, class PREDICATE>
+constexpr static ITERATOR find_if(ITERATOR first, ITERATOR last, PREDICATE pred) {
+    for (; first != last; ++first)
+        if (pred(*first)) break;
+    return first;
+}
+
+constexpr static bool checkConsistency() noexcept {
+    // check that all descriptors that apply to the vertex stage in perViewDescriptorSetLayout
+    // are present in ssrVariantDescriptorSetLayout; meaning that the latter is compatible
+    // with the former.
+    for (auto const& r: perViewDescriptorSetLayoutList) {
+        if (hasShaderType(r.stageFlags, ShaderStage::VERTEX)) {
+            auto const pos = find_if(
+                    ssrVariantDescriptorSetLayoutList.begin(),
+                    ssrVariantDescriptorSetLayoutList.end(),
+                    [r](auto const& l) {
+                        return l.count == r.count &&
+                               l.type == r.type &&
+                               l.binding == r.binding &&
+                               l.flags == r.flags &&
+                               l.stageFlags == r.stageFlags;
+                    });
+            if (pos == ssrVariantDescriptorSetLayoutList.end()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static_assert(checkConsistency(), "ssrVariantDescriptorSetLayout is not compatible with "
+        "perViewDescriptorSetLayout");
+
 } // namespace filament::descriptor_sets

libs/filabridge/src/SamplerInterfaceBlock.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "private/filament/SamplerInterfaceBlock.h"
 
+#include <private/filament/DescriptorSets.h>
 
 #include <backend/DriverEnums.h>
 
@@ -48,13 +49,13 @@ SamplerInterfaceBlock::Builder::stageFlags(backend::ShaderStageFlags stageFlags)
     return *this;
 }
 
-SamplerInterfaceBlock::Builder& SamplerInterfaceBlock::Builder::add(
-        std::string_view samplerName, Binding binding, Type type, Format format,
-        Precision precision, bool multisample) noexcept {
+SamplerInterfaceBlock::Builder& SamplerInterfaceBlock::Builder::add(std::string_view samplerName,
+        Binding binding, Type type, Format format, Precision precision, bool multisample,
+        ShaderStageFlags stages) noexcept {
     mEntries.push_back({
             { samplerName.data(), samplerName.size() }, // name
             { }, // uniform name
-            binding, type, format, precision, multisample });
+            binding, type, format, precision, multisample, stages });
     return *this;
 }
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ SamplerInterfaceBlock SamplerInterfaceBlock::Builder::build() {
 SamplerInterfaceBlock::Builder& SamplerInterfaceBlock::Builder::add(
         std::initializer_list<ListEntry> list) noexcept {
     for (auto& e : list) {
-        add(e.name, e.binding, e.type, e.format, e.precision, e.multisample);
+        add(e.name, e.binding, e.type, e.format, e.precision, e.multisample, e.stages);
     }
     return *this;
 }
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInterfaceBlock(Builder const& builder) noexcept
         size_t const i = std::distance(builder.mEntries.data(), &e);
         SamplerInfo& info = samplersInfoList[i];
         info = e;
+        info.stages &= builder.mStageFlags;
         info.uniformName = generateUniformName(mName.c_str(), e.name.c_str());
         infoMap[{ info.name.data(), info.name.size() }] = i; // info.name.c_str() guaranteed constant
     }
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ const SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo* SamplerInterfaceBlock::getSamplerInfo(
     return &mSamplersInfoList[pos->second];
 }
 
-utils::CString SamplerInterfaceBlock::generateUniformName(const char* group, const char* sampler) noexcept {
+CString SamplerInterfaceBlock::generateUniformName(const char* group, const char* sampler) noexcept {
     char uniformName[256];
 
     // sampler interface block name
@@ -117,9 +119,27 @@ utils::CString SamplerInterfaceBlock::generateUniformName(const char* group, con
             std::min(sizeof(uniformName) / 2 - 2, strlen(sampler)),
             prefix + 1);
     *last++ = 0; // null terminator
-    assert(last <= std::end(uniformName));
+    assert_invariant(last <= std::end(uniformName));
 
     return CString{ uniformName, size_t(last - uniformName) - 1u };
 }
 
+SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfoList SamplerInterfaceBlock::filterSamplerList(
+        SamplerInfoList list, backend::DescriptorSetLayout const& descriptorSetLayout) {
+    // remove all the samplers that are not included in the descriptor-set layout
+    list.erase(
+            std::remove_if(list.begin(), list.end(),
+                    [&](auto const& entry) {
+                        auto pos = std::find_if(
+                                descriptorSetLayout.bindings.begin(),
+                                descriptorSetLayout.bindings.end(),
+                                [&entry](const auto& item) {
+                                    return item.binding == entry.binding;
+                                });
+                        return pos == descriptorSetLayout.bindings.end();
+                    }), list.end());
+
+    return list;
+}
+
 } // namespace filament

libs/filamat/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ set(PRIVATE_HDRS
         src/MetalArgumentBuffer.h
         src/ShaderMinifier.h
         src/SpirvFixup.h
+        src/SpirvRemapWrapper.h
         src/sca/ASTHelpers.h
         src/sca/GLSLTools.h
         src/sca/builtinResource.h)
@@ -71,7 +72,8 @@ set(SRCS
         src/sca/GLSLTools.cpp
         src/GLSLPostProcessor.cpp
         src/ShaderMinifier.cpp
-        src/SpirvFixup.cpp)
+        src/SpirvFixup.cpp
+        src/SpirvRemapWrapper.cpp)
 
 # ==================================================================================================
 # Include and target definitions

libs/filamat/include/filamat/Enums.h

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ using OutputTarget = MaterialBuilder::OutputTarget;
 using OutputQualifier = MaterialBuilder::VariableQualifier;
 using OutputType = MaterialBuilder::OutputType;
 using ConstantType = MaterialBuilder::ConstantType;
+using ShaderStageType = MaterialBuilder::ShaderStageFlags;
 
 // Convenience methods to convert std::string to Enum and also iterate over Enum values.
 class Enums {
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ private:
     static std::unordered_map<std::string, OutputQualifier> mStringToOutputQualifier;
     static std::unordered_map<std::string, OutputType> mStringToOutputType;
     static std::unordered_map<std::string, ConstantType> mStringToConstantType;
+    static std::unordered_map<std::string, ShaderStageType> mStringToShaderStageType;
 };
 
 template<typename T>

libs/filamat/include/filamat/MaterialBuilder.h

@@ -254,6 +254,7 @@ public:
     using FeatureLevel = filament::backend::FeatureLevel;
     using StereoscopicType = filament::backend::StereoscopicType;
     using ShaderStage = filament::backend::ShaderStage;
+    using ShaderStageFlags = filament::backend::ShaderStageFlags;
 
     enum class VariableQualifier : uint8_t {
         OUT
@@ -322,9 +323,9 @@ public:
      */
     MaterialBuilder& parameter(const char* name, SamplerType samplerType,
             SamplerFormat format = SamplerFormat::FLOAT,
-            ParameterPrecision precision = ParameterPrecision::DEFAULT,
-            bool multisample = false,
-            const char* transformName = "") noexcept;
+            ParameterPrecision precision = ParameterPrecision::DEFAULT, bool multisample = false,
+            const char* transformName = "",
+            ShaderStageFlags stages = ShaderStageFlags::ALL_SHADER_STAGE_FLAGS) noexcept;
 
     MaterialBuilder& buffer(filament::BufferInterfaceBlock bib) noexcept;
 
@@ -603,7 +604,7 @@ public:
      * extension will be derived from the shader stage. For example, mymaterial_0x0e.frag,
      * mymaterial_0x18.vert, etc.
      */
-    MaterialBuilder& saveRawVariants(bool saveVariants) noexcept;
+    MaterialBuilder& saveRawVariants(bool saveRawVariants) noexcept;
 
     //! If true, will include debugging information in generated SPIRV.
     MaterialBuilder& generateDebugInfo(bool generateDebugInfo) noexcept;
@@ -635,7 +636,7 @@ public:
      * Build the material. If you are using the Filament engine with this library, you should use
      * the job system provided by Engine.
      */
-    Package build(utils::JobSystem& jobSystem) noexcept;
+    Package build(utils::JobSystem& jobSystem);
 
 public:
     // The methods and types below are for internal use
@@ -656,8 +657,10 @@ public:
         Parameter() noexcept: parameterType(INVALID) {}
 
         // Sampler
-        Parameter(const char* paramName, SamplerType t, SamplerFormat f, ParameterPrecision p, bool ms, const char* tn)
-                : name(paramName), size(1), precision(p), samplerType(t), format(f), parameterType(SAMPLER), multisample(ms), transformName(tn) { }
+        Parameter(const char* paramName, SamplerType t, SamplerFormat f, ParameterPrecision p,
+                bool ms, const char* tn, ShaderStageFlags s)
+            : name(paramName), size(1), precision(p), samplerType(t), format(f),
+              parameterType(SAMPLER), multisample(ms), transformName(tn), stages(s) { }
 
         // Uniform
         Parameter(const char* paramName, UniformType t, size_t typeSize, ParameterPrecision p)
@@ -676,6 +679,7 @@ public:
         SamplerFormat format;
         bool multisample;
         utils::CString transformName;
+        ShaderStageFlags stages;
         enum {
             INVALID,
             UNIFORM,
@@ -809,7 +813,7 @@ private:
     // Multiple calls to findProperties accumulate the property sets across fragment
     // and vertex shaders in mProperties.
     bool findProperties(filament::backend::ShaderStage type,
-            MaterialBuilder::PropertyList& allProperties,
+            MaterialBuilder::PropertyList const& allProperties,
             CodeGenParams const& semanticCodeGenParams) noexcept;
 
     bool runSemanticAnalysis(MaterialInfo* inOutInfo,

libs/filamat/src/Enums.cpp

@@ -175,4 +175,15 @@ std::unordered_map<std::string, ConstantType>& Enums::getMap<ConstantType>() noe
     return mStringToConstantType;
 };
 
+std::unordered_map<std::string, ShaderStageType> Enums::mStringToShaderStageType = {
+        { "fragment", ShaderStageType::FRAGMENT },
+        { "vertex",   ShaderStageType::VERTEX },
+        { "compute",  ShaderStageType::COMPUTE },
+};
+
+template <>
+std::unordered_map<std::string, ShaderStageType>& Enums::getMap<ShaderStageType>() noexcept {
+    return mStringToShaderStageType;
+};
+
 } // namespace filamat

libs/filamat/src/GLSLPostProcessor.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include "GLSLPostProcessor.h"
 
 #include <GlslangToSpv.h>
-#include <SPVRemapper.h>
 #include <spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp>
 
 #include <spirv_glsl.hpp>
@@ -34,14 +33,19 @@
 
 #include "MetalArgumentBuffer.h"
 #include "SpirvFixup.h"
-#include "utils/ostream.h"
 
 #include <filament/MaterialEnums.h>
 
+#include <utils/compiler.h>
+#include <utils/debug.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <utils/ostream.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <optional>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #ifdef FILAMENT_SUPPORTS_WEBGPU
@@ -140,32 +144,27 @@ DescriptorSetLayout getPerMaterialDescriptorSet(SamplerInterfaceBlock const& sib
             ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX | ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,
             +PerMaterialBindingPoints::MATERIAL_PARAMS, DescriptorFlags::NONE, 0 });
 
-    for (auto const& sampler : samplers) {
-        layout.bindings.push_back(DescriptorSetLayoutBinding {
-                (sampler.type == SamplerInterfaceBlock::Type::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL) ?
-                        DescriptorType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL : DescriptorType::SAMPLER,
-                ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX | ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT, sampler.binding,
-                DescriptorFlags::NONE, 0 });
+    for (auto const& sampler: samplers) {
+        layout.bindings.push_back(DescriptorSetLayoutBinding{
+            (sampler.type == SamplerInterfaceBlock::Type::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL)
+                    ? DescriptorType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL
+                    : DescriptorType::SAMPLER,
+            sampler.stages, sampler.binding, DescriptorFlags::NONE, 0 });
     }
 
     return layout;
 }
 
-static void collectDescriptorsForSet(filament::DescriptorSetBindingPoints set,
+static void collectDescriptorsForSet(DescriptorSetBindingPoints set,
         const GLSLPostProcessor::Config& config, DescriptorSetInfo& descriptors) {
     const MaterialInfo& material = *config.materialInfo;
 
-    DescriptorSetLayout const info = [&]() {
+    // get the descriptor set layout for the given pinding point
+    DescriptorSetLayout const descriptorSetLayout = [&] {
         switch (set) {
             case DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_VIEW: {
-                if (filament::Variant::isValidDepthVariant(config.variant)) {
-                    return descriptor_sets::getDepthVariantLayout();
-                }
-                if (filament::Variant::isSSRVariant(config.variant)) {
-                    return descriptor_sets::getSsrVariantLayout();
-                }
-                return descriptor_sets::getPerViewDescriptorSetLayout(config.domain,
-                        config.variantFilter,
+                return descriptor_sets::getPerViewDescriptorSetLayoutWithVariant(
+                        config.variant, config.domain, config.variantFilter,
                         material.isLit || material.hasShadowMultiplier,
                         material.reflectionMode,
                         material.refractionMode);
@@ -179,7 +178,8 @@ static void collectDescriptorsForSet(filament::DescriptorSetBindingPoints set,
         }
     }();
 
-    auto samplerList = [&]() {
+    // get the sampler list for this binding point
+    auto samplerList = [&] {
         switch (set) {
             case DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_VIEW:
                 return SibGenerator::getPerViewSib(config.variant).getSamplerInfoList();
@@ -192,42 +192,34 @@ static void collectDescriptorsForSet(filament::DescriptorSetBindingPoints set,
         }
     }();
 
-    // remove all the samplers that are not included in the descriptor-set layout
-    samplerList.erase(std::remove_if(samplerList.begin(), samplerList.end(),
-                              [&info](auto const& entry) {
-                                  auto pos = std::find_if(info.bindings.begin(),
-                                          info.bindings.end(), [&entry](const auto& item) {
-                                              return item.binding == entry.binding;
-                                          });
-                                  return pos == info.bindings.end();
-                              }),
-            samplerList.end());
+    // filter the list with the descriptor set layout
+    auto const descriptorSetSamplerList =
+            SamplerInterfaceBlock::filterSamplerList(std::move(samplerList), descriptorSetLayout);
 
-    auto getDescriptorName = [&](DescriptorSetBindingPoints set, descriptor_binding_t binding) {
+    // helper to get the name of a descriptor for this set, given a binding.
+    auto getDescriptorName = [set, &descriptorSetSamplerList](descriptor_binding_t binding) {
         if (set == DescriptorSetBindingPoints::PER_MATERIAL) {
-            auto pos = std::find_if(samplerList.begin(), samplerList.end(),
+            auto pos = std::find_if(descriptorSetSamplerList.begin(), descriptorSetSamplerList.end(),
                     [&](const auto& entry) { return entry.binding == binding; });
-            if (pos == samplerList.end()) {
+            if (pos == descriptorSetSamplerList.end()) {
                 return descriptor_sets::getDescriptorName(set, binding);
             }
-            SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo& sampler = *pos;
-            return sampler.uniformName;
+            return pos->uniformName;
         }
         return descriptor_sets::getDescriptorName(set, binding);
     };
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < info.bindings.size(); i++) {
-        backend::descriptor_binding_t binding = info.bindings[i].binding;
-        auto name = getDescriptorName(set, binding);
-        if (info.bindings[i].type == DescriptorType::SAMPLER ||
-            info.bindings[i].type == DescriptorType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL) {
-            auto pos = std::find_if(samplerList.begin(), samplerList.end(),
+    for (auto descriptor : descriptorSetLayout.bindings) {
+        descriptor_binding_t binding = descriptor.binding;
+        auto name = getDescriptorName(binding);
+        if (descriptor.type == DescriptorType::SAMPLER ||
+            descriptor.type == DescriptorType::SAMPLER_EXTERNAL) {
+            auto pos = std::find_if(descriptorSetSamplerList.begin(), descriptorSetSamplerList.end(),
                     [&](const auto& entry) { return entry.binding == binding; });
-            assert_invariant(pos != samplerList.end());
-            SamplerInterfaceBlock::SamplerInfo& sampler = *pos;
-            descriptors.emplace_back(name, info.bindings[i], sampler);
+            assert_invariant(pos != descriptorSetSamplerList.end());
+            descriptors.emplace_back(name, descriptor, *pos);
         } else {
-            descriptors.emplace_back(name, info.bindings[i], std::nullopt);
+            descriptors.emplace_back(name, descriptor, std::nullopt);
         }
     }
 
@@ -296,24 +288,8 @@ GLSLPostProcessor::GLSLPostProcessor(MaterialBuilder::Optimization optimization,
         : mOptimization(optimization),
           mPrintShaders(flags & PRINT_SHADERS),
           mGenerateDebugInfo(flags & GENERATE_DEBUG_INFO) {
-    // SPIRV error handler registration needs to occur only once. To avoid a race we do it up here
-    // in the constructor, which gets invoked before MaterialBuilder kicks off jobs.
-    spv::spirvbin_t::registerErrorHandler([](const std::string& str) {
-        slog.e << str << io::endl;
-    });
-
-    // Similar to above, we need to do a no-op remap to init a static table in the remapper before
-    // the jobs start using remap().
-    spv::spirvbin_t remapper(0);
-    // We need to provide at least a valid header to not crash.
-    SpirvBlob spirv {
-        0x07230203,// MAGIC
-        0,         // VERSION
-        0,         // GENERATOR
-        0,         // BOUND
-        0          // SCHEMA, must be 0
-    };
-    remapper.remap(spirv, 0);
+    // This should occur only once, to avoid races.
+    SpirvRemapWrapperSetUp();
 }
 
 GLSLPostProcessor::~GLSLPostProcessor() = default;
@@ -365,7 +341,7 @@ static std::string stringifySpvOptimizerMessage(spv_message_level_t level, const
 }
 
 void GLSLPostProcessor::spirvToMsl(const SpirvBlob* spirv, std::string* outMsl,
-        filament::backend::ShaderStage stage, filament::backend::ShaderModel shaderModel,
+        ShaderStage stage, ShaderModel shaderModel,
         bool useFramebufferFetch, const DescriptorSets& descriptorSets,
         const ShaderMinifier* minifier) {
     using namespace msl;
@@ -674,7 +650,7 @@ bool GLSLPostProcessor::process(const std::string& inputShader, Config const& co
         //        SpvRules should be enough.
         //        I think this could cause the compilation to fail on gl_VertexID.
         using Type = std::underlying_type_t<EShMessages>;
-        msg = EShMessages(Type(msg) | Type(EShMessages::EShMsgVulkanRules));
+        msg = EShMessages(Type(msg) | Type(EShMsgVulkanRules));
     }
 
     bool const ok = tShader.parse(&DefaultTBuiltInResource, internalConfig.langVersion, false, msg);
@@ -684,7 +660,7 @@ bool GLSLPostProcessor::process(const std::string& inputShader, Config const& co
     }
 
     // add texture lod bias
-    if (config.shaderType == backend::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT &&
+    if (config.shaderType == ShaderStage::FRAGMENT &&
         config.domain == MaterialDomain::SURFACE) {
         GLSLTools::textureLodBias(tShader);
     }
@@ -760,8 +736,8 @@ bool GLSLPostProcessor::process(const std::string& inputShader, Config const& co
     return true;
 }
 
-bool GLSLPostProcessor::preprocessOptimization(glslang::TShader& tShader,
-        GLSLPostProcessor::Config const& config, InternalConfig& internalConfig) const {
+bool GLSLPostProcessor::preprocessOptimization(TShader& tShader,
+        Config const& config, InternalConfig& internalConfig) const {
     using TargetApi = MaterialBuilder::TargetApi;
     assert_invariant(bool(internalConfig.spirvOutput) == (config.targetApi != TargetApi::OPENGL));
 
@@ -832,7 +808,7 @@ bool GLSLPostProcessor::preprocessOptimization(glslang::TShader& tShader,
 }
 
 bool GLSLPostProcessor::fullOptimization(const TShader& tShader,
-        GLSLPostProcessor::Config const& config, InternalConfig& internalConfig) const {
+        Config const& config, InternalConfig& internalConfig) const {
     SpirvBlob spirv;
 
     bool const optimizeForSize = mOptimization == MaterialBuilderBase::Optimization::SIZE;
@@ -928,7 +904,7 @@ bool GLSLPostProcessor::fullOptimization(const TShader& tShader,
 #else
         try {
             *internalConfig.glslOutput = glslCompiler.compile();
-        } catch (spirv_cross::CompilerError e) {
+        } catch (CompilerError e) {
             slog.e << "ERROR: " << e.what() << io::endl;
             return false;
         }
@@ -948,8 +924,8 @@ bool GLSLPostProcessor::fullOptimization(const TShader& tShader,
     return true;
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<spvtools::Optimizer> GLSLPostProcessor::createEmptyOptimizer() {
-    auto optimizer = std::make_shared<spvtools::Optimizer>(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3);
+std::shared_ptr<Optimizer> GLSLPostProcessor::createEmptyOptimizer() {
+    auto optimizer = std::make_shared<Optimizer>(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3);
     optimizer->SetMessageConsumer([](spv_message_level_t level,
             const char* source, const spv_position_t& position, const char* message) {
         if (!filterSpvOptimizerMessage(level)) {
@@ -961,7 +937,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<spvtools::Optimizer> GLSLPostProcessor::createEmptyOptimizer() {
     return optimizer;
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<spvtools::Optimizer> GLSLPostProcessor::createOptimizer(
+std::shared_ptr<Optimizer> GLSLPostProcessor::createOptimizer(
         MaterialBuilder::Optimization optimization, Config const& config) {
     auto optimizer = createEmptyOptimizer();
 
@@ -995,12 +971,11 @@ void GLSLPostProcessor::optimizeSpirv(OptimizerPtr optimizer, SpirvBlob& spirv)
     }
 
     // Remove dead module-level objects: functions, types, vars
-    spv::spirvbin_t remapper(0);
-    remapper.remap(spirv, spv::spirvbin_base_t::DCE_ALL);
+    SpirvRemapWrapperRemap(spirv);
 }
 
 void GLSLPostProcessor::fixupClipDistance(
-        SpirvBlob& spirv, GLSLPostProcessor::Config const& config) const {
+        SpirvBlob& spirv, Config const& config) const {
     if (!config.usesClipDistance) {
         return;
     }
@@ -1040,7 +1015,7 @@ void GLSLPostProcessor::fixupClipDistance(
 
 
 void GLSLPostProcessor::registerPerformancePasses(Optimizer& optimizer, Config const& config) {
-    auto RegisterPass = [&](spvtools::Optimizer::PassToken&& pass,
+    auto RegisterPass = [&](Optimizer::PassToken&& pass,
             MaterialBuilder::TargetApi apiFilter = MaterialBuilder::TargetApi::ALL) {
         if (!(config.targetApi & apiFilter)) {
             return;
@@ -1085,7 +1060,7 @@ void GLSLPostProcessor::registerPerformancePasses(Optimizer& optimizer, Config c
 }
 
 void GLSLPostProcessor::registerSizePasses(Optimizer& optimizer, Config const& config) {
-    auto RegisterPass = [&](spvtools::Optimizer::PassToken&& pass,
+    auto RegisterPass = [&](Optimizer::PassToken&& pass,
             MaterialBuilder::TargetApi apiFilter = MaterialBuilder::TargetApi::ALL) {
         if (!(config.targetApi & apiFilter)) {
             return;

libs/filamat/src/GLSLPostProcessor.h

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <private/filament/SamplerInterfaceBlock.h>
 
 #include "ShaderMinifier.h"
+#include "SpirvRemapWrapper.h"
 
 #include <spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp>
 

libs/filamat/src/MaterialVariants.cpp

@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 
 #include "MaterialVariants.h"
 
-#include "shaders/ShaderGenerator.h"
-
 #include <private/filament/EngineEnums.h>
 #include <private/filament/Variant.h>
 
@@ -25,16 +23,8 @@
 
 #include <filament/MaterialEnums.h>
 
-#include <utils/compiler.h>
-#include <utils/Panic.h>
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
 namespace filamat {
 
 std::vector<Variant> determineSurfaceVariants(
@@ -62,58 +52,6 @@ std::vector<Variant> determineSurfaceVariants(
         if (fragmentVariant == variant) {
             variants.emplace_back(variant, filament::backend::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT);
         }
-
-        // Here we make sure that the combination of vertex and fragment variants have compatible
-        // PER_VIEW descriptor-set layouts. This could actually be a static/compile-time check
-        // because it is entirely decided in DescriptorSets.cpp. Unfortunately it's not possible
-        // to write this entirely as a constexpr.
-
-        if (UTILS_UNLIKELY(vertexVariant != fragmentVariant)) {
-            // fragment and vertex variants are different, we need to check the layouts are
-            // compatible.
-            using filament::ReflectionMode;
-            using filament::RefractionMode;
-            using filament::backend::ShaderStage;
-
-            // And we need to do that for all configurations of the "PER_VIEW" descriptor set
-            // layouts (there are eight).
-            // See ShaderGenerator::getPerViewDescriptorSetLayoutWithVariant.
-            for (auto reflection: {
-                    ReflectionMode::SCREEN_SPACE,
-                    ReflectionMode::DEFAULT }) {
-                for (auto refraction: {
-                        RefractionMode::SCREEN_SPACE,
-                        RefractionMode::CUBEMAP,
-                        RefractionMode::NONE }) {
-                    auto const vdsl = ShaderGenerator::getPerViewDescriptorSetLayoutWithVariant(
-                            vertexVariant, userVariantFilter, isLit || shadowMultiplier,
-                            reflection, refraction);
-                    auto const fdsl = ShaderGenerator::getPerViewDescriptorSetLayoutWithVariant(
-                            fragmentVariant, userVariantFilter, isLit || shadowMultiplier,
-                            reflection, refraction);
-                    // Check that all bindings present in the vertex shader DescriptorSetLayout
-                    // are also present in the fragment shader DescriptorSetLayout.
-                    for (auto const& r: vdsl.bindings) {
-                        if (!hasShaderType(r.stageFlags, ShaderStage::VERTEX)) {
-                            // ignore descriptors that are of the fragment stage only
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                        auto const pos = std::find_if(fdsl.bindings.begin(), fdsl.bindings.end(),
-                                [r](auto const& l) {
-                                    return l.count == r.count && l.type == r.type &&
-                                           l.binding == r.binding && l.flags == r.flags &&
-                                           l.stageFlags == r.stageFlags;
-                                });
-
-                        // A mismatch is fatal. The material is ill-formed. This typically
-                        // mean a bug / inconsistency in DescriptorsSets.cpp
-                        FILAMENT_CHECK_POSTCONDITION(pos != fdsl.bindings.end())
-                                << "Variant " << +k << " has mismatched descriptorset layouts";
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
     }
     return variants;
 }
@@ -133,7 +71,7 @@ std::vector<Variant> determinePostProcessVariants() {
 std::vector<Variant> determineComputeVariants() {
     // TODO: should we have variants for compute shaders?
     std::vector<Variant> variants;
-    filament::Variant variant(0);
+    filament::Variant const variant(0);
     variants.emplace_back(variant, filament::backend::ShaderStage::COMPUTE);
     return variants;
 }